CN111512874A - Method for rapidly restoring water storage capacity of highly-degenerated tropical forest soil - Google Patents
Method for rapidly restoring water storage capacity of highly-degenerated tropical forest soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN111512874A CN111512874A CN202010395009.2A CN202010395009A CN111512874A CN 111512874 A CN111512874 A CN 111512874A CN 202010395009 A CN202010395009 A CN 202010395009A CN 111512874 A CN111512874 A CN 111512874A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
A method for rapidly restoring water storage capacity of highly degenerated tropical forest soil belongs to the field of environmental ecology restoration, and comprises (1) taking adjacent undisturbed mountains as reference, comprehensively designing a proper slope, singly planting a plurality of fast-growing tree species, and consolidating a refilled soil layer to prevent serious landslide and other hazards caused by external interference, (2) carrying out mixed planting on original species in adjacent undisturbed areas and the singly planted fast-growing tree species to restore soil moisture storage, thereby providing a method for rapidly restoring water storage capacity of highly degenerated tropical forest soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for quickly restoring the water storage capacity of highly-degenerated tropical forest soil, which is efficient and sustainable.
Background
Due to the rapid transition from rural to urban areas, 85% of the world population is urban citizens, which may result in a shortage of local fresh water resources. Early studies showed that about forty hundred million people currently lack a fresh water supply. Urban citizens are predicted to account for about 66% of the total population worldwide, and perhaps in the future, all global citizens will be urban citizens. The human fresh water supply will become increasingly scarce, which will lead to shortages of drinking water and food, thus threatening the life safety of the people worldwide. Thus, ensuring the security of global water resources is overwhelming, and forests can be seen as an effective natural-based solution. The tropical forest is a forest ecosystem which is common in tropical regions near the equator on the earth and is an ecosystem with the highest resistance stability on the earth, meanwhile, the photosynthesis of a plurality of rain forest plants is particularly strong, wherein only the amazon tropical forest generates 1/3 of the total amount of global oxygen, so that the forest has the reputation of 'the lung of the earth', and the tropical forest has the highest biodiversity and carbon sink in the world and plays a great role in the global water circulation and is a natural reservoir of world fresh water reserves. Historical human intervention (such as mining and economic tree planting) has led to high harvest and degradation of tropical forest vegetation throughout the world, resulting in a large global loss of water resources and possibly a global shortage of fresh water supply, and re-forestation is believed to offset the consequences of fresh water resource loss caused by forest harvesting to some extent.
The national forest resource clearing result shows that the national forest coverage rate reaches 22.96 percent, the forest area reaches 2.2 hundred million hectares, the national natural vegetation comprises a plurality of main group systems of 29 vegetation types, 52 subtypes and 600, and the tropical forest ecological systems are mainly distributed in Yunnan and Hainan areas. 3.39 ten thousand square kilometers of Hainan island, 3193 ten thousand mu of forest area of the whole province, the forest coverage rate reaches 61.9 percent, wherein the afforestation area reaches 136 ten thousand mu. The Hainan island is a tropical forest island with the largest area in China, and the Mitsui city is located at the south-most end of the Hainan island and is a tropical coastal tourism city in the south-most part of China. With the rapid rise of the tourism industry of the whole island of the Hainan island, the population of cities is rapidly increased, so that the demand of fresh water supply is increased, and therefore, the development of a method for rapidly restoring the water storage capacity of highly degenerated tropical forest soil is extremely important for both reforestation and fresh water resource supply. However, the existing restoration method for highly degenerated mountain bodies at home and abroad mainly adopts an engineering method for restoration, is not a long-term method for overcoming typhoon and rainstorm in rainy season, cannot improve the water storage of soil, and has no help for increasing the reserve of fresh water resources, so that the search for a proper ecological restoration method is a serious part in restoration work, and has high necessity and urgency. The selection of tree species is the key to successful restoration, and is influenced by soil, moisture, nutrients, artificial management, climate and the like. Climates (typhoons, rainstorms and the like) are mainly environmental problems in tropical sea island regions, seriously affect the growth rate and survival rate of plants in later period, and greatly affect the storage of water in mountain soil. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a special analysis and research on the above problems, and to find a suitable ecological restoration method by fitting a suitable mountain scheme and vegetation species selection, so as to reasonably perform ecological restoration to restore the water storage capacity of soil.
The third city in the south of Hainan province of China, which is located at a low latitude and belongs to a tropical marine monsoon climate zone, and the annual average temperature is 28 ℃. The annual average rainfall in the Hainan island is 1500mm, most (91%) of the rainfall occurs in 6 to 10 months, and the typical vegetation type is a tropical monsoon broadleaf forest with abundant species. Under the climatic environment conditions (typhoon, rainstorm and the like) such as local high temperature and strong light, the tree species which can survive and live in the natural condition necessarily have excellent functional properties of resisting environmental stress, and meanwhile, the tree species which can grow rapidly and can fix soil and retain water are also considered. Particularly, the roots of the pioneer tree species can fix newly shaped mountain soil, so that water and soil loss is reduced, precipitation interception and soil nutrient can be increased, the influence of high-frequency typhoon and rainstorm in rainy season on the pioneer tree species can be better resisted, and the primary tree species mixed and planted in the second step can be supported by water and nutrient, so that the water storage capacity of the soil can be stably recovered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for rapidly repairing water storage capacity of highly degenerated tropical forest soil, which can be used for rapidly and effectively recovering a re-forestation project of the water storage capacity of the soil of the highly degenerated forest in the global range in the future, increase the reserve of global fresh water resources and solve the problem of insufficient fresh water resources caused by highly concentrated and increased population.
The invention provides a method for rapidly repairing water storage capacity of highly degenerated tropical forest soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the method is characterized in that a mountain body which is not interfered in the vicinity is taken as a reference, a proper slope is comprehensively designed, and a plurality of fast-growing tree species are singly planted to quickly consolidate the refilled soil layer so as to prevent serious external interference (such as high-frequency typhoon, continuous rainstorm and the like) from causing landslide and the like.
(2) The original biological species adjacent to the undisturbed area are mixed with the single-planted fast-growing tree species for restoring the soil moisture storage.
The method for rapidly restoring the water storage capacity of the highly degenerated tropical forest soil is characterized in that the restoring method is a rapid, efficient and sustainable complete ecological method.
The method for rapidly restoring the water storage capacity of the highly degenerated tropical forest soil is characterized in that the fast growing tree species selected in the first step can rapidly adapt to the island climate (resist high-frequency typhoon, continuous rainfall and the like in rainy season), and vegetation recovery pioneer plants which survive and grow rapidly are easy to grow.
The method for rapidly restoring the water storage capacity of the highly-degenerated tropical forest soil is characterized in that single planting of fast-growing tree species in the first step can rapidly form a forest and restore the green of a mountain, the soil structure can be consolidated, the capability of resisting external factors interference (such as landslide caused by continuous rainfall and typhoon) is enhanced, the soil porosity and the organic carbon content are increased, and preparation is made for the second step.
The method for rapidly restoring the water storage capacity of the highly degenerated tropical forest soil is characterized in that the native tree species and the fast-growing pioneer tree species are planted in a mixed mode in the second step, so that the variety of the species is enriched, rainfall interception is improved, and the water storage capacity of the soil is rapidly improved on the premise of keeping the growth rate of plants.
According to the invention, through simulating undisturbed mountains around, based on wide applicability and rapid growth of the fast-growing pioneer plants, the root system of the plants fixes soil and intercepts rainfall, so that the porosity and water and nutrient of the soil are increased, the green is rapidly recovered, a sustainable ecological community is formed, and forest water storage is effectively recovered. The method can be used to guide the course of a remediation program to promote recovery of water storage in highly degenerated tropical forest soil. The method is a universal and flexible recovery scheme, and can be widely applied to a plurality of highly degenerated tropical forest ecosystems needing to rapidly recover the water storage of the soil. The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method has the advantages of small damage to the field, quick forestation, as early as restoration, small construction difficulty, capability of generating a large amount of rainwater interception, no limitation on plant growth, and effective resistance to foul weather (high-frequency typhoon, long-term rainstorm and the like) in the early stage, so that the occurrence probability of the phenomena of pest outbreak, tree lodging, landslide and the like is greatly reduced, and quick greening is realized; and in the later stage, through mixed planting, the variety of species is increased, the rainfall interception is further increased, and the water storage capacity of the soil is improved, so that a highly-efficient and stable tropical forest ecological system capable of being developed sustainably is formed. The method can flexibly adjust the plant configuration according to the field condition by combining with the environmental condition, is matched with the planting and maintenance method, and can be widely applied to the highly degenerated tropical forest ecological system needing to quickly recover the water storage capacity of the soil.
The inventor completes the simulation of undisturbed environment and ecological fast green method for pioneer tree species planting for the first time, applies the method to the re-forestation project of the highly degraded tropical forest ecosystem caused by mining, obtains good effect, needs to perform the second step work in the later period to stabilize the effect of the first step work, further recovers the water storage capacity of soil and realizes the real sustainable development of autonomy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has the following characteristics: (1) the method is a rapid, efficient and sustainable complete ecological method; (2) the method is based on the comprehensive consideration of mountain shapes by digital simulation, and can rapidly form forests, fix soil and retain water; (3) compared with the method for re-afforestation, the method is more ecological and environment-friendly, has the characteristic of autonomous sustainable development, has better effects on biological diversity and rainwater interception, saves soil moisture, and can quickly form a stable tropical forest ecological system.
The method has wide adaptability to project sites and high flexibility. The method comprises the steps of firstly, comprehensively considering a re-forestation area based on the mountain slope and soil conditions of a peripheral undisturbed area, planting pure forests based on the wider environmental adaptability and the rapid growth characteristic of the fast-growing pioneer tree species, preserving water, fixing soil, rapidly restoring green, increasing rainfall interception, resisting typhoon and rainstorm, and preventing mountain landslide. And secondly, selecting proper primary tree species and fast-growing pioneer tree species for mixed planting according to species types of undisturbed areas in order to ensure the sustainable development of autonomy, enriching species diversity, further increasing rainfall interception and improving the water storage capacity of soil. The proper recovery scheme is selected according to the actual condition of the project site, and the soil fixation and water retention of the pioneer tree species in the first step have important exploitation effects on the nutrients and water for the growth of the primary plants in the second step; meanwhile, the water storage capacity of the soil improved by the mixed planting in the second step has a help effect on the high water demand of the pioneer tree species in the first step due to the rapid growth. Therefore, the two steps of work are mutually prerequisite, and the method is extremely important for efficiently recovering the soil water storage of the highly degenerated tropical forest.
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The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic views of the process of the present invention
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to illustrate but not to limit the invention.
Example (b): work for recovering soil water storage capacity of bare rock mountain in mountain of mountain embracing slope mountain in Hainan island
The three cities of south China of Hainan province are taken on hilly mountains (the geographic coordinates are 110 degrees 58 '01' E and 19 degrees 38 '48' N; limestone mountain bodies), the area is at a low latitude, belongs to a tropical marine monsoon climate area, and the annual average temperature is 28 ℃. The annual average rainfall in Hainan island is 1500mm, most (91%) of the rainfall occurs in 6 to 10 months, the typical vegetation type is tropical monsoon broadleaf forest with abundant species, and the influence of high-frequency typhoon and long-term heavy rain can occur in rainy season. Due to the fact that limestone mining caused by cement production for more than 20 years leads to that a part of the hill holding area ((the area is about 0.2km 2)) becomes a highly degraded bare stone mountain, no plants can be planted, the effect of intercepting rainfall is almost zero, but other parts of the hill holding area are not disturbed, and tropical forest communities with rich species are distributed, so that the hill holding area has good rainfall interception and soil water storage.
(1) The method is characterized in that a mountain body which is not interfered in the vicinity is taken as a reference, a proper slope is comprehensively designed, and a plurality of fast-growing tree species are singly planted to quickly consolidate the refilled soil layer so as to prevent serious external interference (such as high-frequency typhoon, continuous rainstorm and the like) from causing landslide and the like.
(2) The original biological species adjacent to the undisturbed area are mixed with the single-planted fast-growing tree species for restoring the soil moisture storage.
After the seedlings are planted for two years, the fast-growing trees for repairing the bare rocky mountain basically survive completely and grow rapidly, and the fast-growing trees are proved to have good precipitation interception. In addition, in the last two years, neither high-frequency typhoons in rainy season nor long-term heavy rains have had any effect on the reforestation project, so it can be shown that our first step work has been successful. However, since the rapid growth of these species accelerates the consumption of the water content of the soil, a second step of planting the original species adjacent to the undisturbed zone in combination with these single-planted fast-growing tree species is required to restore the soil water storage.
(3) The original biological species adjacent to the undisturbed area are mixed with the single-planted fast-growing tree species for restoring the soil moisture storage.
In 2019, several original biological species are screened in the adjacent undisturbed area, then the original biological species and fast-growing tree species are mixed and planted, the variety is expected to be increased, rainfall interception is further improved, and soil moisture storage is increased. After one year of planting, the soil water content is improved by 1 time compared with that before mixed planting, and the soil water content can be increased by mixed planting of the original tree species and the original fast-growing species, so that the whole method is expected to create a true autonomous sustainable development tropical forest ecosystem and make a certain contribution to global fresh water resource storage.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A method for rapidly restoring water storage capacity of highly degenerated tropical forest soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the method is characterized in that a mountain body which is not interfered in the vicinity is used as a reference, a proper slope is comprehensively designed, multiple fast-growing tree species are singly planted, and a soil layer which is refilled is quickly consolidated, so that severe damages such as landslide and the like caused by interference (such as high-frequency typhoon, continuous rainstorm and the like) caused by external factors are prevented;
(2) the original species adjacent to the undisturbed area are mixed with the single-planted fast-growing tree species for planting so as to quickly recover the soil moisture storage.
2. The method for rapidly remediating the water content of highly degenerated tropical forest soil according to claim 1, wherein the remediation method is a rapid, efficient, sustainable and fully ecological method.
3. The method for rapidly restoring the water storage capacity of the highly degenerated tropical forest soil according to claim 1, wherein the fast growing tree species selected in the first step can rapidly adapt to the sea-island climate (resisting high-frequency typhoon and continuous rainfall in rainy season, etc.), and vegetation recovery pioneer plants which can survive and grow rapidly are very easy to grow.
4. The method for rapidly restoring the water storage capacity of the highly degenerated tropical forest soil as recited in claim 1, wherein the single planting of the fast-growing tree species in the first step can rapidly form a forest, make the mountain regreen, consolidate the soil structure, enhance the resistance against external factors (such as continuous rainfall and landslide caused by typhoon), increase the porosity and nutrient content of the soil, and prepare for the second step.
5. The method for rapidly restoring the water storage capacity of the highly degenerated tropical forest soil according to claim 1, wherein the primary tree species and the fast-growing pioneer tree species are planted in a mixed manner in the second step, so that the variety of the species is enriched, the rainfall interception is improved, and the water storage capacity of the soil is rapidly improved on the premise of keeping the growth rate of plants.
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Cited By (1)
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CN113475295A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-08 | 海南大学 | Method for improving water-logging tolerance of woody plants in reservoir hydro-fluctuation areas and riparian zones |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN113475295A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-08 | 海南大学 | Method for improving water-logging tolerance of woody plants in reservoir hydro-fluctuation areas and riparian zones |
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Application publication date: 20200811 |