CN114672420A - Method for quickly repairing mine in fragile habitat area - Google Patents
Method for quickly repairing mine in fragile habitat area Download PDFInfo
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- CN114672420A CN114672420A CN202011549652.2A CN202011549652A CN114672420A CN 114672420 A CN114672420 A CN 114672420A CN 202011549652 A CN202011549652 A CN 202011549652A CN 114672420 A CN114672420 A CN 114672420A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for quickly repairing a mine in a fragile habitat area, which comprises the following steps: step S1, acquiring a composite algae community suitable for the soil in the area to be repaired; and step S2, manually colonizing the composite algae community in the soil of the area to be repaired to reconstruct an ecological bottom layer, so as to realize repair. According to the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, by artificially colonizing the composite algae community in the soil of the area to be repaired, the ecological system of the exposed surface and bottom layer of the mine in the vulnerable habitat areas such as plateau areas, extremely arid areas and the like can be rapidly and stably reconstructed, and the processes of nutrient substance accumulation and primary soil formation are started and enhanced, so that the repair is realized. According to the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the dependence of the traditional mine restoration mode in the fragile habitat area on ridging and fertilization can be avoided, the problems that vegetation is difficult to survive and the restoration success rate is low are solved, and a new way is provided for ecological restoration of extreme and fragile environments such as plateau mines and mines in arid areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the crossing field of environmental science, ecological engineering and biotechnology, in particular to a method for quickly repairing a mine in a fragile habitat area.
Background
In recent years, the exploitation of mineral resources and the rapid development of related industries make important contributions to the economic construction and social development of China.
However, the early extensive production process and the relatively late state of the art have resulted in significant damage to a large number of vegetation; with the increasing of mining intensity year by year, mining activities cause a plurality of mine traces with different scales to be left, and the hidden danger of regional ecological environment degradation and geological disasters is further aggravated. The increasingly prominent mine environment problem threatens the safety of people's lives and properties and seriously restricts the sustainable development of mining economy. The center of the party is highly concerned about ecological civilization construction, and places the recovery and comprehensive treatment of the mine geological environment in a more prominent position. The national resource ministry of land and soil promulgates ' special fund management method for mine geological environment recovery and treatment ' in 2013, and promulgates ' guidance opinions about strengthening mine geological environment recovery and comprehensive treatment ' in 2016, and emphatically points out ' practical enhancement of responsibility and mission feeling, firm establishment of concepts of respecting nature, conforming nature and protecting nature, insisting that the Qingshan is the Jinshan Yinshan, strengthening the source protection effect of resource management on natural ecology, organizing and mobilizing various forces, strengthening mine geological environment protection, accelerating mine geological environment recovery and comprehensive treatment, and forming a new mineral development situation with mutual coordination between development and protection as soon as possible.
Ecological restoration is a process for gradually restoring the members, functions and landscape of the ecological system from the bottom layer to the top layer. In plain areas, because of superior natural conditions, the restoration process can be completed by directly adopting a top-layer restoration mode, and the common technical means include slope management, soil matrix improvement, phytoremediation and ecological landscape reconstruction. The bottom layer of microorganism can be quickly and naturally recovered after the top layer is repaired, so that the ecological system is naturally and completely recovered. However, the scheme is difficult to be applied to vulnerable habitat areas such as plateaus and arid areas. In such vulnerable habitat areas, the activities of growing grass and planting trees often end up failing due to the harsh natural conditions, especially extreme soil impoverishment, which often do not have the nutritional conditions necessary for the survival of herbaceous and woody plants. This is due to the harsh natural environment, which causes slow propagation and diffusion of microorganisms, and the self-accumulation process of microorganisms in the soil becomes very lengthy. Under extreme environmental conditions such as plateau and arid regions, the ecosystem lacking microbial support, like "rootless wood, without source water", does not have the basic conditions for continuously supplying herbaceous and woody plants. Due to the fact that ecological system colonizers in the fragile habitat area are rare, the ecological system colonizers are poor in nutrition and the soil layer is thin, the experience of mine restoration in other areas represented by phytoremediation is basically not suitable for environmental management of mine footprints in the fragile habitat area, and brand-new and targeted technical support is needed for mine restoration practice in the fragile habitat area.
Disclosure of Invention
The inventor finds that the biological soil crust is one of the most distinctive landscapes in extreme environments such as desert, plateau and the like through repeated research, is widely distributed in western and northwest regions of China, and covers the surface of 70% arid regions in the world. "biological soil crust" plays an important role in wind protection, soil stabilization, soil erosion prevention, and soil property improvement, and its formation is the starting point of gradual natural restoration of the ecosystem.
The biological soil crust is a layer of special structure formed on the surface layer of soil by interaction of algae, lichen, moss, bacteria and other soil particles such as mycelium, polysaccharide and the like, and plays an important role in wind prevention and soil stabilization, soil erosion prevention and soil property improvement. The formation process of biological soil crust is also the process of gradual self-recovery from the absence to the existence of a damaged ecosystem, and the 'open circuit pioneer' playing a key role is soil algae, especially blue algae.
Soil algae are a special biological group in soil, and they are pioneer species for the formation of biological soil crust and are also a major component of soil. Soil algae have a very low demand for survival conditions, they are primarily airborne and can survive and reproduce in extremely poor soils, even rock surfaces. After that, they can gradually fix the soil and improve the soil nutrition condition through physiological processes such as photosynthesis, polysaccharide secretion and the like, and provide necessary nutrition for other heterotrophic bacteria and fungi. Subsequently, lower plants such as moss begin to appear and create basic conditions for the growth of higher plants, and the structure and function of the ecosystem are gradually self-repaired in the process.
However, in the fragile habitat mining environment, this natural process, and its lengthy nature, often takes decades or even hundreds of years to complete. Therefore, the inventor and other researches adopt artificial means, blue algae is taken as pioneer species for bottom layer reconstruction, a proper pioneer species is selected through large-scale screening and identification of the algae species, and the purposes of simulating and accelerating the self-repairing process of an ecological system and rapidly repairing degraded ecological systems such as mine plots and the like are achieved through optimized combination, large-scale propagation and engineering inoculation and other artificial means. And have accomplished the present invention on the basis thereof.
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly repairing mines in fragile habitat areas, which is simple, convenient and feasible, can quickly and stably reconstruct the exposed surface bottom layer ecological system of mines in the fragile habitat areas such as plateau areas, extremely arid areas and the like, starts and strengthens the process of nutrient accumulation and original primary soil formation, and plays an important role in ecological repair of mines in the fragile habitat areas such as Qinghai-Tibet plateau areas, northwest arid areas and the like in China. In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for quickly repairing the mine in the fragile habitat area comprises the following steps:
step S1, acquiring a composite algae community suitable for the soil in the area to be repaired;
and step S2, manually colonizing the composite algae community in the soil of the area to be repaired to reconstruct an ecological bottom layer, so as to realize repair.
According to the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, by artificially colonizing the composite algae community in the soil of the area to be repaired, the ecological system of the exposed surface and bottom layer of the mine in the vulnerable habitat areas such as plateau areas, extremely arid areas and the like can be rapidly and stably reconstructed, and the processes of nutrient substance accumulation and primary soil formation are started and enhanced, so that the repair is realized. According to the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the dependence of the traditional mine restoration mode in the fragile habitat area on ridging and fertilization can be avoided, the problems that vegetation is difficult to survive and the restoration success rate is low are solved, and a new way is provided for ecological restoration of extreme and fragile environments such as plateau mines and mines in arid areas.
Further, the step S2 includes:
step S21, the soil in the area to be repaired is arranged to remove rocks and slag with the size exceeding the preset size and level the earth surface;
step S22, arranging micro-spray irrigation facilities in the sorted area to be repaired;
step S23, inoculating the composite algae colony in the sorted to-be-repaired area;
and step S24, carrying out micro-spray irrigation through the micro-spray irrigation facility so as to reconstruct the ecological bottom layer.
That is, the soil in the area to be remediated is conditioned (i.e., prepared for construction), specifically, for example, for proper land leveling, to establish the necessary storm surge protection measures, to provide the necessary conditions for the growth of algae and biological soil crust. And then, the composite algae colony is inoculated and subjected to micro-spray irrigation, and a micro-spray facility with a proper specification can be selected according to the engineering scale to provide a water source for the growth of algae, so that the rapid propagation of the composite algae colony can be realized.
Further, the composite algal colony is obtained by the following method:
step S11, determining pioneer algae species suitable for the soil of the area to be repaired, wherein the pioneer algae species comprise main species and auxiliary species, the main species is an algae species with polysaccharide secretion capability, and the auxiliary species is an algae species with nitrogen fixation capability;
step S12, performing batch culture on the main population establishing species and the auxiliary population establishing species in the pioneer algae species respectively in a one-time amplification culture or step-by-step amplification culture mode;
and step S13, harvesting after batch culture, and mixing the harvested main population and the harvested auxiliary population to obtain the composite algal colony.
That is, a composite algal species community is obtained by community construction (step S11), engineering expansion (step S12), and algal species harvesting (step S13). The method comprises the steps of constructing a community, taking an alga with polysaccharide secretion capacity as a main colony building seed, taking an alga with nitrogen fixation capacity as an auxiliary colony building seed, carrying out optimized combination, achieving soil fixation and fertilization, promoting soil development and providing conditions for the growth of other microorganisms and plants through the vigorous polysaccharide secretion capacity of the main colony building seed, providing necessary nitrogen sources for the main colony building seed, other microorganisms and plants through the auxiliary colony building seed, gradually fixing soil and improving soil nutrition conditions through physiological processes of photosynthesis, polysaccharide secretion and the like after the composite alga community is inoculated into the soil in a large scale, providing necessary nutrition for other heterotrophic bacteria and fungi, providing basic conditions for the growth of lower plants such as moss and the like on the basis, and creating basic conditions for the growth of higher plants.
Further, in step S11, the pioneer algae are selected from indigenous algae obtained by in-situ separation of the soil in the area to be repaired (i.e. algae screening process). That is, according to the method of the embodiment of the present invention, the pioneer algae species are selected from indigenous algae species obtained by in-situ separation of the soil in the area to be restored, and the ecological environment of the soil in the area can be well restored after artificial colonization considering that the species are suitable for the ecological environment of the soil in the area to be restored. Certainly, the pioneer algae can also be obtained by selecting algae from the existing strain library as main and auxiliary population establishing species, and culturing and screening the algae in the area to be repaired under the extreme environment.
Further, the main colony-building species comprises one or more of synechococcus, basket algae and Microcoleus, and the auxiliary colony-building species comprises one or more of pseudo-cladium javanicum, Nostoc and chlorella.
Further, in the step S12, the culture medium used for the batch culture of the cephalospora species is BG11 medium, the BG11 medium is added with an additional carbon source with a concentration ranging from 1 mM to 15mM, the additional carbon source is sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate or a mixture thereof, the culture temperature of the batch culture of the cephalospora species is 15 ℃ to 25 ℃, and the culture time is within 30 days.
Further, in step S13, the main colony and the auxiliary colony are mixed at a weight ratio of 0.2-10:1 to obtain the composite algal colony, wherein the composite algal colony is obtained by precipitation and collection after batch culture, or the algal sludge is further lyophilized to obtain algal powder.
Further, the micro-spray irrigation facility comprises a plurality of micro-spray irrigation devices, the spraying radius of each micro-spray irrigation device is 1-20m, and the distance between every two micro-spray irrigation devices is 1-38 m. Therefore, the micro-spray irrigation matrix is established, and the construction range of the ecological restoration project can be covered.
Further, in the step S23, the total biomass of the inoculated composite algal colony is 5-20gDW/m2. Specifically, for example, the prepared algae mud or dried algae powder is transported to an engineering site, and after being dissolved and recovered by appropriate well water, the main and auxiliary colony-forming seeds are mixed at a ratio of 0.2-10:1, mixing uniformly according to the proportion of 5-20g DW/m of total biomass2The amount of the fertilizer is sprayed and inoculated on the soil surface. Of course, it can also be transported after mixing.
Further, in step S24, the total amount of micro-spray irrigation water per day is less than 100mm, and irrigation is performed from 8:00 to 18:00 per day. Optionally, the amount of water poured each day is determined according to weather conditions, for example, the total amount in a sunny day is set to be 50-100mm, the total amount in a rainy day is set to be 0-50mm, the water is poured from 8 o 'clock in the morning to 5 o' clock in the evening each day, and the water is poured for 30-60min each hour in a sunny day; the watering can be for example 0-30min per hour on rainy days, and the watering time is increased by 30-60min during 12:00-13: 00.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
The method for quickly repairing the mine in the fragile habitat area comprises the following steps:
and step S1, acquiring a composite algae colony suitable for the soil in the area to be repaired.
Specifically, the composite algal colony is obtained by the following method:
step S11, determining pioneer algae suitable for the soil in the area to be repaired, wherein the pioneer algae comprises main algae and auxiliary algae, the main algae is an algae with polysaccharide secretion capability, and the auxiliary algae is an algae with nitrogen fixation capability.
Optionally, in step S11, the pioneer algae is selected from indigenous algae obtained by in-situ separation of the soil in the area to be repaired.
Preferably, the main population species comprises one or more of synechococcus, basket algae, micrococcharum, and the auxiliary population species comprises one or more of psuedocladium javanicum, nostoc and chlorella.
And step S12, performing batch culture on the main population establishing species and the auxiliary population establishing species in the pioneer algae species in a one-time amplification culture or step-by-step amplification culture mode respectively.
Optionally, the culture medium used for batch culture of the pioneer algae species is BG11 culture medium, the BG11 culture medium is added with an additional carbon source with a concentration ranging from 1 to 15mM, the additional carbon source is sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate or a mixture thereof, and the culture temperature of the batch culture of the pioneer algae species is 15 to 25 ℃, and the culture time is within 30 days.
And step S13, harvesting after batch culture, and mixing the harvested main population and the harvested auxiliary population to obtain the composite algal colony.
After batch culture, preparing algae mud by precipitation and collection, or further freeze-drying the algae mud to prepare algae powder, and then mixing the main colony-forming seeds and the algae mud or the algae powder of the auxiliary colony-forming seeds according to the weight ratio of 0.2-10:1 to obtain the composite algae colony.
And step S2, manually colonizing the composite algae community in the soil of the area to be repaired to reconstruct an ecological bottom layer, so as to realize repair.
And after the composite algal colony is obtained, carrying out artificial colonization on the composite algal colony. Specifically, the step S2 may include:
and step S21, the soil in the area to be repaired is arranged to remove rocks and slag with the size exceeding the preset size and level the ground surface.
And step S22, setting micro-spray irrigation facilities in the sorted area to be repaired. Preferably, the micro-spray irrigation facility comprises a plurality of micro-spray irrigation devices, the spraying radius of each micro-spray irrigation device is 1-20m, and the distance between every two micro-spray irrigation devices is 1-38 m.
And step S23, inoculating the composite algae colony in the trimmed area to be repaired. Preferably, the total biomass of the inoculated composite algal colony is 5-20gDW/m2。
And step S24, carrying out micro-spray irrigation through the micro-spray irrigation facility to realize the reconstruction of the ecological bottom layer. Preferably, the total amount of micro-spray irrigation water per day is less than 100mm, and irrigation is performed from 8:00 to 18:00 per day. The method for rapidly repairing a mine in a vulnerable habitat area according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1 fast ecological restoration of bare side slope in a certain mining area of Tibet
(1) Algae species separation and screening
Collecting biological soil crust in situ in an area to be repaired, separating and purifying to screen out two strains of algae, and determining Synechococcus elongatus FACHB-410 and pseudo-branch java alga Scytonema FACHB-887 through morphological identification and 16S rDNA sequence comparison.
(2) Optimized combination of bottom layer reconstruction
The synechococcus is selected as a main colony building species, and the pseudo-cladosporium javanicum is selected as an auxiliary colony building species to construct a basic bottom layer ecosystem.
(3) Culture of algal species in algal culture solution
BG-11 broth was used mainly with 15mM sodium bicarbonate added. The formula of BG11 culture solution is as follows: sodium nitrate, 1500 mg/L; citric acid, 6 mg/L; dipotassium phosphate trihydrate, 40 mg/L; 6mg/L of ferric ammonium citrate; sodium carbonate, 20 mg/L; microelement A5, 1 mL/L; magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 75 mg/L; 1mg/L of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate; calcium chloride dihydrate, 36 mg/L.
And (3) the screened and determined alga seeds in the step (2) are cultured in batches in a 4-stage progressive amplification mode respectively. The 4-stage culture scale was 0.02m3、1m3、5m3、25m3(ii) a The cultivation is carried out in a glass greenhouse, the cultivation is carried out at room temperature, the temperature is adjusted to be about 25 ℃ through ventilation equipment, light mainly comprises natural light, and full-spectrum LED lamps are adopted for proper light supplement in rainy days.
(4) Harvesting of algae species
Culturing Synechococcus for 7 days, culturing P.javanicus for 12 days to obtain large amount of algae, precipitating, collecting, freeze drying, and making into dried algae powder for inoculation.
(5) Land preparation
Cleaning larger rocks and slag on the earth surface of the area to be repaired, and filling and leveling the concave land; building a water retaining wall above the side slope, and meanwhile, arranging a drainage ditch to collect and guide the flow direction of the storm runoff, preventing the platform runoff from collecting into the side slope, avoiding the phenomena of ditch cutting and ditch flushing, and creating good basic conditions for ecological system bottom layer reconstruction and biological soil crust formation; laying pipelines and arranging micro-spray irrigation facilities with the radius of 3m and the distance of 5 m.
(6) Engineered inoculation
Transporting the prepared dry algae powder in the step (4) to an engineering place, dissolving and recovering by using proper well water, and mixing the synechococcus and the scytonema javanicum according to a biomass ratio of 10:1, mixing uniformly according to the total biomass of 5g DW/m2The amount of the fertilizer is sprayed and inoculated on the soil surface, the micro-spray irrigation facility waters according to the amount of 50mm per day, the watering time is 20min per hour, the watering time is stopped from 9:00 to 17 points, and the watering time is increased to 30min in the period of 12:00-13: 00.
(7) And (5) evaluating the repairing effect.
The evaluation of the bottom layer reconstruction and repair effect mainly uses biological soilSoil crust biomass was evaluated. Biomass was extracted by ethanol extraction and expressed as chlorophyll a per unit area. After 30 days of inoculation, the soil crust biomass of the repair target area reaches 22 mug Chl a/cm2Indicating that the underlying reconstruction was successful.
Example 2 Rapid ecological restoration of gravel side slope of certain mine in extreme arid region of inner Mongolia
The algal species obtained by separation and screening in example 1 were used, and the same bottom layer reconstruction was performed for optimum combination. A detailed description thereof is omitted herein.
(3) Culture of algae species in algae culture solution
Further, the same algal culture solution as in example 1 was used to culture algal species. The specific conditions for the culture were as follows:
and 4, adopting a 4-stage progressive amplification mode to carry out batch culture on the pioneer algae. The 4-stage culture scale was 0.02m3、1m3、5m3、25m3(ii) a The cultivation is carried out in a glass greenhouse, the cultivation is carried out at room temperature, the temperature is adjusted to be about 15 ℃ through ventilation equipment, light mainly comprises natural light, and full-spectrum LED lamps are adopted for proper light supplement in rainy days.
(4) Harvesting of algae species
Culturing Synechococcus for 14 days, culturing P.javanicus for 20 days to obtain large amount of algae, precipitating, collecting, freeze drying, and making into dried algae powder for inoculation.
(5) Land preparation
Cleaning larger rocks and slag on the earth surface of the area to be repaired, and filling and leveling the concave land; covering soil on the surface of the gravel, wherein the thickness of the soil covering layer is 1-2 mm; building a retaining wall above the side slope, and meanwhile, arranging a drainage ditch to converge and guide the flow direction of storm runoff, preventing the platform runoff from converging into the side slope, avoiding the phenomena of cutting and flushing ditch, and creating good basic conditions for ecological system bottom layer reconstruction and biological soil crust formation; laying pipelines and arranging micro-spray irrigation facilities with the radius of 10m and the distance of 20 m.
(6) Engineered inoculation
Transporting the prepared dried algae powder to the engineering site, and using appropriate well waterDissolving and recovering, namely mixing synechococcus and scytonema javanicum in a biomass ratio of 0.2: 1, mixing uniformly according to the total biomass of 5g DW/m2The amount of the fertilizer is sprayed and inoculated on the soil surface, the micro-spray irrigation facility waters in an amount of 90mm per day for 50min per hour from 9:00 to 17 points every day, and the watering time is increased to 60min in a period of 12:00-13: 00.
(7) Assessment of repair Effect
Evaluation of the effect of bottom layer reconstruction remediation was evaluated primarily in terms of biological soil crust biomass. Biomass was extracted by ethanol extraction and expressed as chlorophyll a per unit area. After 30 days of inoculation, the soil crust biomass of the repair target area reaches 12 mu g Chl a/cm2Indicating that the underlying reconstruction was successful.
Example 3: rapid ecological restoration of exposed side slope of certain mining area in Tibet
(1) Algae species separation and screening
Screening 5 strains of Schistosoma gracilis (Phormidium tenue FACHB-1050), Microcoleus vaginatus FACHB-1854, Paralichthys javanicus (Scytonema javanicus FACHB-887), Nostoccomynensis FACHB-87 and Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorella vulgaris Vargaris FACHB-31) which meet the engineering requirements by selecting the strains in a algal species bank of the typical depositte of the institute of aquatic organisms of Chinese academy.
(2) Bottom layer reconstruction
Through optimized combination, Schizochytrium gracile and Microcoleus micrococcus are selected as main colony-building seeds, and Pseudocladosporium javanicum, Nostoc and Chlorella are selected as auxiliary colony-building seeds to construct a basic bottom layer ecological system.
(3) Algal culture solution and culture of algal species
The BG-11 culture solution is mainly adopted, 12mM sodium acetate is added, and the formula of the BG11 culture solution is as follows: sodium nitrate, 1500 mg/L; citric acid, 6 mg/L; dipotassium phosphate trihydrate, 40 mg/L; 6mg/L of ferric ammonium citrate; sodium carbonate, 20 mg/L; microelement A5, 1 mL/L; magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 75 mg/L; 1mg/L of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate; calcium chloride dihydrate, 36 mg/L.
And (3) step-by-step enlarged culture: the pioneer algae species are cultured in batches by adopting a 3-stage progressive amplification mode, and the culture scales of all stages are divided intoRespectively 0.02m3、1m3、5m3(ii) a The cultivation is carried out in a glass greenhouse, the cultivation is carried out at room temperature, the temperature is adjusted to be 25 ℃ through ventilation equipment, light mainly comprises natural light, and full-spectrum LED lamps are adopted for proper light supplement in rainy days.
(4) Harvesting of algae species
After culturing for 7 days, a large amount of algae seeds are obtained respectively, and are prepared into algae mud by precipitation and collection to be used for inoculation.
(5) Land preparation
Cleaning larger rocks and slag on the earth surface of the area to be repaired, and filling and leveling the concave land; building a water retaining wall above the side slope, and meanwhile, arranging a drainage ditch to collect and guide the flow direction of the storm runoff, preventing the platform runoff from collecting into the side slope, avoiding the phenomena of ditch cutting and ditch flushing, and creating good basic conditions for ecological system bottom layer reconstruction and biological soil crust formation; laying pipelines and arranging micro-spray irrigation facilities with the radius of 12m and the distance of 20 m.
(6) Engineered inoculation
Transporting the prepared algae mud to an engineering site, dissolving and recovering with appropriate well water, mixing main colony-building species (namely, the fibrous mat and the algae microcongystis in equal proportion) and auxiliary colony-building species (namely, the pseudo-cladoniums javanicus, the nostoc and the chlorella in equal proportion) in a ratio of 8: 1, according to the total biomass of 10g DW/m2The amount of the fertilizer is sprayed and inoculated on the soil surface, the micro-spray irrigation facility waters according to the amount of 100mm per day, the watering time is 45min per hour, the watering time is increased to 40min from 8:30 in the morning to 17 o' clock in the evening during the period of 12:00-13: 00.
(7) Assessment of repair Effect
And (3) evaluating the bottom layer reconstruction and repair effect by using the biological soil crust biomass, wherein the biomass is extracted by using an ethanol extraction method and is expressed by unit area chlorophyll a. 30 days after inoculation, the skinning biomass reached 18. mu.g Chl a/cm2Indicating that the underlying reconstruction was successful.
Example 4: rapid ecological restoration of gravel side slope of certain mine in inner Mongolia extreme arid region
(1) Algae species separation and screening
Selecting fresh water algae seed bank of Chinese academy of sciences, and screening 5 strains of Schizophyllum gracile (Slenderphordium FACHB-1050), Microcoleus vaginatus (Microcoleus vaginatus FACHB-1854), Pseudoramus javanicus (Scytonema javanicus FACHB-887), Nostoc commune FACHB-87 and Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorella vulgaris FACHB-31) which meet engineering requirements.
(2) Bottom layer reconstruction
Through optimized combination, Schizochytrium gracile and Microcoleus micrococcus are selected as main colony-building seeds, and Pseudocladosporium javanicum, Nostoc and Chlorella are selected as auxiliary colony-building seeds to construct a basic bottom layer ecological system.
(3) Algal culture solution and culture of algal species
The BG-11 culture solution is mainly adopted, 3mM sodium acetate is added, and the formula of the BG11 culture solution is as follows: sodium nitrate, 1500 mg/L; citric acid, 6 mg/L; dipotassium phosphate trihydrate, 40 mg/L; 6mg/L of ferric ammonium citrate; sodium carbonate, 20 mg/L; microelement A5, 1 mL/L; magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 75 mg/L; 1mg/L of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate; calcium chloride dihydrate, 36 mg/L.
And (3) step-by-step enlarged culture: the pioneer algae species are cultured in batches by adopting a 3-stage progressive amplification mode, and the culture scales of all stages are respectively 0.02m3、1m3、5m3(ii) a The cultivation is carried out in a glass greenhouse, the cultivation is carried out at room temperature, the temperature is adjusted to be 20 ℃ through ventilation equipment, light mainly comprises natural light, and full-spectrum LED lamps are adopted for proper light supplement in rainy days.
(4) Harvesting and culturing the algae for 13 days to obtain a large amount of algae, precipitating and collecting to prepare algae mud, and preparing for inoculation.
(5) Land preparation
Cleaning rock and slag with larger surface of the repair target area, and filling and leveling up the concave land; covering soil on the surface of the gravel, wherein the thickness of the soil covering layer is 1-2 mm; building a water retaining wall above the side slope, and meanwhile, arranging a drainage ditch to collect and guide the flow direction of the storm runoff, preventing the platform runoff from collecting into the side slope, avoiding the phenomena of ditch cutting and ditch flushing, and creating good basic conditions for ecological system bottom layer reconstruction and biological soil crust formation; laying pipelines and arranging micro-spray irrigation facilities with the radius of 20m and the spacing of 38 m.
(6) Engineered inoculation
Transporting the prepared algae mud to an engineering place, dissolving and recovering with proper well water, mixing main colony-building species (namely, the chairman and the algae micrococcinum in equal proportion) and auxiliary colony-building species (namely, the scytonema javanicum, the nostoc and the chlorella in equal proportion) in a proportion of 1: 1 (biomass ratio) is mixed uniformly according to a total biomass of 20g DW/m2The amount of the fertilizer is sprayed and inoculated on the soil surface, micro-spray irrigation facilities are used for watering 60mm per day, the watering time is 40min per hour, the watering time is started at 8:30 in the morning and ended at 18 o' clock in the evening, and the watering time is increased to 50min during 12:00-13: 00.
(7) Assessment of repair Effect
And (3) evaluating the bottom layer reconstruction and repair effect by using the biological soil crust biomass, wherein the biomass is extracted by using an ethanol extraction method and is expressed by unit area chlorophyll a.
30 days after inoculation, the skinning biomass reached 15. mu.g Chl a/cm2Indicating that the underlying reconstruction was successful.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for quickly repairing a mine in a fragile habitat area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, acquiring a composite algae community suitable for the soil in the area to be repaired;
and step S2, manually colonizing the composite algae community in the soil of the area to be repaired to reconstruct a bottom ecological system, so as to realize repair.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 includes:
step S21, the soil in the area to be repaired is arranged to remove rocks and slag with the size exceeding the preset size and level the earth surface;
step S22, arranging micro-spray irrigation facilities in the sorted area to be repaired;
step S23, inoculating the composite algae colony in the sorted to-be-repaired area;
and step S24, carrying out micro-spray irrigation through the micro-spray irrigation facility to realize the reconstruction of the bottom layer of the ecosystem.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step S1, the composite algal colony is obtained by:
step S11, determining pioneer algae species suitable for the soil of the area to be repaired, wherein the pioneer algae species comprise main species and auxiliary species, the main species is an algae species with polysaccharide secretion capability, and the auxiliary species is an algae species with nitrogen fixation capability;
step S12, performing batch culture on the main population establishing species and the auxiliary population establishing species in the pioneer algae species respectively in a one-time amplification culture or step-by-step amplification culture mode;
and step S13, harvesting after batch culture, and mixing the harvested main population and the harvested auxiliary population to obtain the composite algal colony.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step S11, the Pioneer algae is selected from indigenous algae obtained by in situ separation of the soil in the area to be remediated.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the primary population species comprises one or more of Synechococcus, Schistosoma tenuipilum, and Microcoledium, and the secondary population species comprises one or more of Pseudocladosporium javanicum, Nostoc, and Chlorella.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step S12, the culture medium used for the batch culture of the Pioneer algae is BG11 medium, wherein an additional carbon source with a concentration ranging from 1 to 15mM is added to the BG11 medium, wherein the additional carbon source is sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate or a mixture thereof, and wherein the batch culture of the Pioneer algae is carried out at a culture temperature of 15 to 25 ℃ for a culture time within 30 days.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein in step S13, the main colonizing species and the algal mud or algal powder of the auxiliary colonizing species are mixed at a weight ratio of 0.2-10:1 to obtain the composite algal colony, wherein the algal mud is prepared by precipitation and collection after mass cultivation, or the algal mud is further lyophilized to obtain algal powder.
8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the micro-spray irrigation facility comprises a plurality of micro-spray irrigation devices, each of which has a spray radius of 1-20m and a spacing of 1-38m between each of the micro-spray irrigation devices.
9. The method of claim 2, wherein the total biomass of the inoculated composite algal colony in step S23 is 5-20gDW/m2。
10. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step S24, the total amount of micro-spray irrigation water per day is less than 100mm, and irrigation is performed from 8:00 to 18:00 per day.
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