CN1654596A - Method for improving desert and semi-desert soil by soil algae - Google Patents
Method for improving desert and semi-desert soil by soil algae Download PDFInfo
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- CN1654596A CN1654596A CN 200510018149 CN200510018149A CN1654596A CN 1654596 A CN1654596 A CN 1654596A CN 200510018149 CN200510018149 CN 200510018149 CN 200510018149 A CN200510018149 A CN 200510018149A CN 1654596 A CN1654596 A CN 1654596A
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Abstract
The process of improving desert soil and semi-desert soil with soil algae includes the steps of: 1. separating algae from soil crust and performing solid plate culture for purifying; 2. inoculating algae seed to liquid and ventilating to culture, selecting algae seed with practical value, centrifugally collecting and drying for storage; 3. re-compounding dried algae with water to restore activity for spread culture; 4. exercising via simulating field environment to make algae suit to varying environment; 5. inoculating the algae to desert soil and semi-desert soil, covering with mulching and spraying nutritious liquid for culture; and 6. field management. By means of the growth, propagation and cell secretion of algae in soil surface, the present invention raises the organic matter content in soil and water content in soil, promotes soil structure stability and improves the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil effectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the soil improvement field, more specifically relate to the modification method of a kind of soil algae desert half-desert soil.
Background technology
Desertification is a global environment problem, and its expansion trend serious threat is to the Sustainable development of human society.At present, the land area that is subjected to desertification influence on the earth has 3,800 ten thousand km
2, account for 1/4 of land area.In the last few years, the whole world had 6,000,000 hm every year approximately
2Soil generation Desertification and the trend of continuous expansion is arranged, and China is one of comparatively serious country of desertification harm; According to national desertification watch for the second time, China's ccd area has reached 267.4 ten thousand km
2, and with every year with 1.04 ten thousand km
2Speed expanded.The desertification that is on the rise has not only caused serious threat to west area economy, social development and people's living environment, and becomes the objective of the struggle and comprehensive significant obstacle of improving national ecologic regime of constructing well-off society; The abominable ecological environmental condition that desertification brings is brought for the economy of China and social development and has been had a strong impact on.
At the land deterioration problem that goes from bad to worse, people began to utilize new science and technology to seek the modification method of desert half-desert soil in the last few years, and wherein biotechnology is the more technology of using in present soil improvement and the desertification control.It mainly is to prevent that by setting up the artificial vegetation, protect and the recovery natural vegetation, finally reaching soil from desertifying, and administers and develop the purpose in desertification soil.Should admit in conjunction with the biological comprehensive regulation it is the fundamental way of soil desertification control, but this field only is confined to the introduction and acclimatization of high drought-enduring plant at present, aspects such as optimized choice and reasonable disposition protection forest, the starting point mainly concentrates in the control sandstorm, ignored improvement to soil, and for desertification control, improving the soil is only crucial problem.Have only the structure and the physicochemical character that have improved desert half-desert soil effectively, changed the biological microenvironment of soil, can contain that soil desertifies, finally prevent the generation of sandstorm, simultaneously Gai Liang the soil power of can also resuming production.Because the vulnerability of desert ecosystem, successful story is still rare aspect the soil improvement of desert half-desert at present, main modification method comprises physics, chemistry and biological method, concentrates on aspects such as effective utilization of the introduction and acclimatization of development, drought-enduring plant of soil improvement agent and improvement of genes, desert moisture and management at present; But these technological methods all exist in various degree difficulty and weakness in actual applications.
Soil algae is to be the algae cluster in habitat with soil, be unique organic substance producer in the soil microorganisms with photoautotrophy ability, in their vital process, by the physiological activity of himself and to the effect of other biological, raising for soil formation and soil fertility, produce direct and indirect influence, the soil algae is forerunner of soil organisms and the biological catalyst in the soil, it participates in the generation of soil, grow to reach and form relevant many Biochemical processes with effective fertility, formation and slaking to soil all play an important role, and have the practical application potentiality in soil improvement.Utilizing algae to improve the soil is feasible in theory, and the present invention then provides one to have approach operability, effective.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be to provide the modification method of a kind of soil algae to desert half-desert soil, in the hope of in the environment of desert ecosystem drought and water shortage, utilization few moisture of trying one's best is cultivated the soil microorganisms skinning, reach and improve the soil agreegate size and increase the coacervate number, increase soil moisture content, enrich organic content, finally improve soil physical and chemical property, improve soil productivity.This method is simple, and is easy to operate, can effectively improve desert half-desert soil and control sandstorm.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has taked following technical measures:
1, the separation of algae kind, purifying: gather the geographic microorganism skinning of desert half-desert, every gram soil uses the sterilized water of 20mL to soak 12-24 hour, stirs in the immersion process and obtains soil supension (soil particle is suspended in the suspension liquid that forms in the water) 12-24 time; Soil supension is by 10
-1To 10
-8Dilution, aseptic dropper is drawn the aqueous solution and is inoculated on the solid plate that contains No. 10 substratum of Zhu Shi, and each plate drips soil supension 0.04-0.06mL and cultivates, and the algae that can obtain about 15 kinds after 21-28 days falls, and mainly is blue-green algae, green alga and diatom; Choose different fronds with inoculating needle, microscopically is observed and is identified; And in No. 10 nutrient solutions of aseptic Zhu Shi, clean 3-4 time, be inoculated into and carry out single culture in the agar plate culture dish; The algae kind of single culture repeats the plate streaking inoculation culture for 8-10 time and can obtain single algae that purifying cultivates and fall;
2, the cultivation of algae kind, screening and preservation: will be inoculated in the liquid nutrient medium by the algae kind that purification procedures obtains, at illumination 30-60 μ mol m
-2s
-1With aerated culture under the temperature 20-28 ℃ condition; Algae not of the same race is used different nutrient solutions, and blue-green algae such as little sheath algae, the algae that quivers, seat algae, anabena, beads algae etc. are used BG11 and HGZ nutrient solution, and green alga such as Chlorococcum, Protococcus viridis, chlorella etc. are used BBM or Zhu Shi nutrient solution.By experiment the chamber cultivate and its growth velocity of physiological test comparison, different algae kind to the resistance of environment, study the exocytosis thing of different algae kinds simultaneously, and the test of the algae inoculation culture by indoor and outdoors desert half-desert soil surface, select that growth velocity is fast, high-output stress-resistance, the many algae kinds of the outer material secretion of born of the same parents; Have good resistance trait, growth velocity after fast about algal species cultivation 18-28 days with what screen, centrifugal collection algae mud, the after drying that dries in the shade is preserved.
3, the rehydration of algae kind and enlarged culturing are at 30-60 μ mol m
-2s
-1With 20-28 ℃ under the algae kind of kept dry is carried out rehydration, recover its physiologically active, and use airlift bioreactor to carry out the enlarged culturing of algae kind, in 28-32 days, can obtain the needed biomass of field inoculation;
4, environmental compatibility is taken exercise, and in the lab simulation field environment, makes the algae of a large amount of cultivations progressively adapt to the envrionment conditions of change, and the temperature control part branch of off-response device makes the variation of algae kind adaptive temperature; Simulate open-air intensity variations, progressively increase light intensity since morning, reach largest light intensity to noon, light intensity slowly descends subsequently, is reduced to 0 μ mol m to evening
-2s
-1
5, field inoculation, cultivation, the algae that indoor cultivation is obtained is inoculated in the desert half-desert soil, adopts membrane covering, timing to spray methods such as BG11, HGZ or BBM nutrient solution and carries out the field cultivation; May further comprise the steps: a, corral inoculation place prevent people and animals' interference; B, every square metre of sprinkling 1-3L water make surface, inoculation place keep moistening, inoculate selected algae kind to desert half-desert soil; C, will inoculate the place membrane covering, every morning, 8:00-9:00 opened mulch film, afternoon the 3:30-4:30 press mold.Use atomizer to spray the 1-3L nutrient solution for every square metre about d, every morning 9:00-10:00, guarantee that face of land certain humidity is beneficial to algae grows; E, primary stage of inoculation need primary stage of inoculation to guarantee that temperature is not less than 18 ℃ and illumination and is not less than 25 μ mol m
-2s
-1, be beneficial to algae kind adhering to and grow at upper soll layer.
6, management work mainly is that the zone of inoculation algae is monitored and nursed, and will prevent the effect of people and animals' damage of external force in addition.
The present invention has the following advantages and effect: equipment is simple, and is easy to operate, and security is good, do not have the harm to environment; With low cost, water requirement is less than afforestation greatly and plants grass; The physicochemical character that improves desert half-desert soil effectively by continuous growth and breeding and algae excretory organic substance in the vital movement process of soil algae on the face of land, improve soil organic matter content, increase the water content of soil, promote the stability of Soil structure; This in addition improvement effect to soil has chronicity, stability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is 120 days skinning soil of inoculation beads algae and the grating situation of the control soil coacervate particle of not inoculating algae under three kinds of waterpower are handled.
Embodiment
Embodiment:
Soil algae is to the concrete steps of desert half-desert soil improvement method:
The separation of A, algae kind, purifying: gather the geographic microorganism skinning of Inner Mongol Siziwang Banner half-desert, every gram soil uses the sterilized water of 20mL to soak 12-24 hour, stirs 12-24 time in the immersion process; Soil supension is by 10
-1To 10
-8Dilution, aseptic dropper is drawn the aqueous solution and is inoculated on the solid plate, and each plate drips soil supension 0.04mL and cultivates, and obtains multiple algae about 21 days and falls, and mainly contains the algae that quivers, little sheath algae, beads algae, single divergent algae, Chlorococcum, chlorella, Protococcus viridis; With above isolating algae kind, choose with aseptic inoculation pin or dissecting needle, in aseptic culture fluid, clean 3-4 time, be inoculated in the agar plate culture dish and cultivate; Single algae that this step repetitive operation can be obtained the purifying cultivation for 8-10 time falls;
The cultivation of B, algae kind, screening and preservation: obtained the pure growth of little sheath algae, beads algae, single divergent algae and four algae kinds of chlorella by above purification procedures, they have been inoculated into respectively in the liquid nutrient medium, at illumination 40 μ mol m
-2s
-1With aerated culture under 20 ℃ of conditions of temperature; Chamber culture experiment (40 μ mol m under same culture conditions by experiment
-2s
-1With 20 ℃) its growth velocity of comparison; Envrionment conditions by change is set (similar desert half-desert area spring temperature light diurnation situation), and even adverse environmental factor (45 ℃ of high temperature, low temperature-20 ℃, high light 2000 μ mol m
-2s
-1With osmotic stress) more different algae kinds are to the resistance of environment, study the exocytosis thing of different algae kinds simultaneously, and the test of the algae inoculation culture by indoor and outdoors desert half-desert soil surface, select that growth velocity is fast, high-output stress-resistance, the many algae kinds of the outer material secretion of born of the same parents; By finding that relatively beads algae and little sheath algae have good resistance trait, growth velocity is fast, their are cultivated 20 days after, centrifugal collections algae mud, room temperature is dried in the shade for 20 ℃ and is then preserved under drying conditions.
The rehydration of C, algae kind and enlarged culturing are at 40 μ mol m
-2s
-1Carry out rehydration with beads algae and the little sheath algae algae kind to kept dry under 20 ℃ of conditions, recover its physiologically active, and use airlift photobioreactor to carry out the enlarged culturing of algae, can obtain a large amount of biomasss at short notice;
D, environmental compatibility take exercise, and at open-air temperature of lab simulation and illumination condition, make the algae of a large amount of cultivations progressively adapt to the variation round the clock of open-air temperature light;
E, field inoculation, cultivation, the algae that indoor cultivation is obtained is inoculated in the desert half-desert soil, adopts membrane covering, regularly sprays method such as nutrient solution and carry out field cultivation; May further comprise the steps: a, corral inoculation place prevent people and animals' interference; B, every square metre of sprinkling 1-3L water make surface, inoculation place keep moistening, inoculate selected algae kind to desert half-desert soil; C, will inoculate the place membrane covering, every morning, 9:00 opened mulch film, afternoon the 4:00 press mold.Use atomizer to spray the 1-3L nutrient solution for every square metre about d, every morning 10:00, guarantee that face of land certain humidity is beneficial to algae grows; E, primary stage of inoculation need guarantee to be not less than 18 ℃ and 25 μ mol m
-2s
-1, be beneficial to algae kind adhering to and grow at upper soll layer.
F, management work: arrange the special messenger that the zone of inoculation algae is monitored and nursed, guarantee regularly to spray nutrient solution, primary stage of inoculation guarantees to be not less than 18 ℃ and 25 μ mol m
-2s
-1, to prevent damage of external force effects such as people and animals in addition.
Result: by 120 days cultivation, formed one deck microorganism skinning at the half-desert soil surface, by test determination quick moistening, slowly have the inoculation of beads algae to form the soil of skinning under moistening and three kinds of conditions of Mechanical Crushing and do not inoculate size grading and weight-mean diameter index (a kind of index of weighing Soil structure stability of the control soil of algae, Le Bissonnais (1996) and Attou et al. (1998)), the results are shown in Figure 1 and table 1, therefrom as can be seen, soil algae has a Stability Analysis of Structures that helps soil.
Weight-mean diameter index under three kinds of processing of table 1
| Pedotheque | Weight-mean diameter index M ean weight diameter (MWD, mm) | |||
| Moistening fast | Slowly moistening | Physical disturbance | Mean value | |
| Contrast | ????0.631 | ????0.427 | ????0.281 | ????0.446 |
| Skinning | ????1.005 | ????0.885 | ????0.951 | ????0.948 |
Claims (2)
1, a kind of soil algae is to the modification method of desert half-desert algae soil, and it comprises the following steps:
The separation of A, algae kind, purifying: at first be to gather the geographic microorganism skinning of desert half-desert, every gram soil uses the sterilized water of 20mL to soak 12-24 hour, stirs in the immersion process and obtains soil supension 12-24 time, and soil supension is by 10
-1To 10
-8Dilution, aseptic dropper is drawn the aqueous solution and is inoculated on the solid plate, and each plate drips soil supension 0.04-0.06mL and cultivates, and obtains algae after 21-28 days and falls; Next is to clean 3-4 time in aseptic culture fluid, is inoculated into and carries out single culture in the agar plate culture dish, and the algae kind of single culture, single algae of 8-10 repetition plate streaking inoculation culture acquisition purifying cultivation falls;
The cultivation of B, algae kind, screening and preservation: at first be that the algae kind that will obtain by purification procedures is inoculated in the liquid nutrient medium, at illumination 30-60 μ mol m
-2s
-1With aerated culture under the temperature 20-28 ℃ condition; Next be by experiment the chamber cultivate and its growth velocity of physiological test comparison, different algae kind to the resistance of environment, study the exocytosis thing of different algae kinds simultaneously, and the test of the algae inoculation culture by indoor and outdoors desert half-desert soil surface, select that growth velocity is fast, high-output stress-resistance, the many algae kinds of the outer material secretion of born of the same parents; The 3rd be will screening resistance trait, growth velocity after fast algal species cultivation 18-28 days, centrifugal collections algae mud, the after drying that dries in the shade preservation;
The rehydration of C, algae kind and enlarged culturing are at 30-60 μ mol m
-2s
-1With 18-28 ℃ under the algae kind of kept dry is carried out rehydration, recover its physiologically active, and use airlift bioreactor to carry out the enlarged culturing of algae kind, in 28-32 days, obtain the needed biomass of field inoculation;
D, environmental compatibility take exercise, and in the lab simulation field environment, make the algae of cultivation progressively adapt to the envrionment conditions of change, and the temperature control part branch of off-response device makes the variation of algae kind adaptive temperature; Simulate open-air intensity variations, progressively increase light intensity since morning, reach light intensity to noon, light intensity descends subsequently, is reduced to 0 μ mol m to evening
-2s
-1
E, field inoculation, cultivation, the algae that indoor cultivation is obtained is inoculated in the desert half-desert soil, and BG11, HGZ are sprayed in employing membrane covering, timing or the BBM nutrient solution carries out the field cultivation;
F, management work arrange the special messenger that the zone of inoculation algae is monitored and nursed, and guarantee regularly to spray nutrient solution, and primary stage of inoculation guarantees to be not less than 18 ℃ and 25 μ mol m
-2s
-1, to prevent the effect of people and animals' damage of external force in addition.
2. a kind of soil algae according to claim 1 is to the modification method of desert half-desert soil, and the field inoculation culturing step of its feature is as follows:
A, corral inoculation place prevent people and animals' interference;
B, every square metre of sprinkling 1-3L water make surface, inoculation place keep moistening, inoculate selected algae kind to desert half-desert soil;
C, will inoculate the place membrane covering, every morning, 8:00-9:00 opened mulch film, afternoon the 3:30-4:30 press mold;
D, every morning 9:00-10:00 use every square metre of BG11, HGZ or BBM nutrient solution that sprays 1-3L of atomizer;
E, primary stage of inoculation are not less than 18 ℃ and 25 μ mol m
-2s
-1, be beneficial to algae kind adhering to and grow at upper soll layer.
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|
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| CN100370005C CN100370005C (en) | 2008-02-20 |
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