CN117296673A - Ecological restoration matrix and application method thereof - Google Patents
Ecological restoration matrix and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117296673A CN117296673A CN202311527649.4A CN202311527649A CN117296673A CN 117296673 A CN117296673 A CN 117296673A CN 202311527649 A CN202311527649 A CN 202311527649A CN 117296673 A CN117296673 A CN 117296673A
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000209082 Lolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003583 soil stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an ecological restoration matrix, which comprises 3 layers from bottom to top, namely an A reinforcing restoration layer, a B nutrition layer and a C crust layer; the A layer composition comprises cement, quartz stone, waste glass particles, medium sand, waste glass powder, perlite powder, sewage sludge biochar, a water reducing agent and water; the B layer composition comprises cement, waste glass particle perlite particle mixture, sewage sludge biochar, soil and water; the layer C contains algae moss mixture and guar gum. The ecological restoration matrix provided by the invention is used for mines and highway slopes, can quickly restore ecological environment, improve soil, is suitable for various vegetation, reduces water and soil loss, is environment-friendly and effectively avoids environmental pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ecological matrix, in particular to an ecological restoration matrix suitable for mines and highway slopes.
Background
The problems of highway slope destruction and collapse are major threats, some highway foundations are formed by the fact that vegetation cannot be planted on rocks, and heavy rain flushing causes water and soil loss and heavy metal pollution, and the ecological restoration of the highway slopes can be affected by the problems.
The existing ecological restoration matrix is basically prepared by paving soil on bare rock to plant vegetation, has long period and high requirement on the vegetation, and simultaneously has no attention on heavy metal pollution, water and soil loss and environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-described deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological restoration matrix and methods of use thereof. The ecological restoration matrix provided by the invention can be used for ecological restoration of mines and highway slopes.
Specifically, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an ecological restoration matrix is characterized in that 3 layers are respectively an A reinforcing restoration layer, a B nutrition layer and a C crust layer from inside to outside. The A layer comprises cement, quartz stone, waste glass particles, middle sand, waste glass powder, perlite powder, sewage sludge biochar, a water reducer and water, wherein the weight ratio of the cement to the quartz stone to the middle sand to the water reducer is 2:6:3:0.01, the weight ratio of the waste glass particles to the quartz stone is 1:4-19, the weight ratio of the perlite powder to the waste glass powder to the middle sand is 1:3:16-36, the weight ratio of the cement to the sewage sludge biochar is 100:1-10, and the water-cement ratio is 0.3-0.5. The B layer comprises cement, a waste glass particle perlite particle mixture, sewage sludge biochar, soil and water, wherein the weight ratio of the cement to the waste glass particle perlite particle mixture to the soil to the water is 1 (1.5-2) 10:1, the weight ratio of the waste glass particles to the perlite particles in the waste glass particle perlite particle mixture is 2:1, and the weight ratio of the sewage sludge biochar to the soil is 1 (3-10). The layer C contains algae moss mixture and guar gum, the dry weight ratio of algae to moss in the algae moss mixture is 1:2, the coverage rate of the algae moss mixture in each square meter area is 0.05-0.1m < 2 >, and the dry weight of the guar gum in each square meter area is 1-5g.
Wherein, the diameter of the waste glass particles is 3-10mm, the diameter of the waste glass powder is less than 0.5mm, the diameter of the perlite particles is 0.5-5mm, the diameter of the perlite powder is less than 0.5mm, and the particle size of the sewage sludge biochar is 1-10mm.
Preferably, the algae moss mixture is an algae fragment and moss fragment mixture, wherein the algae fragment is 15-20mm and the moss fragment is 15-20mm.
Preferably, the algal moss mixture is taken from the area to be ecologically restored.
Preferably, the preparation method of the sewage sludge biochar comprises the following steps: (1) Collecting sewage sludge, air-drying, and drying in an oven at 110 ℃ for 24 hours; (2) crushing and grinding the waste glass particles, and passing through a 0.2mm screen; (3) Mixing the dried sewage sludge and the sieved waste glass particles according to the mass ratio of 5:2, carrying out in a pyrolysis reactor under a nitrogen environment, heating at a speed of 5 ℃/min until the temperature reaches 500 ℃, carrying out the whole pyrolysis process for 2 hours, and then sieving with a 2mm sieve.
Preferably, the soil is from sanded soil, abandoned farmland.
Preferably, the method is suitable for ecological restoration of mines and highway slopes.
Preferably, the method of using the ecological restoration matrix comprises the steps of:
(1) Preparing anchors and wire meshes;
(2) And (3) preparing a layer A: fully mixing sewage sludge biochar with water, and then adding cement, quartz stone, waste glass particles, medium sand, waste glass powder, perlite powder and a water reducer into the mixture, and fully and uniformly stirring the mixture;
(3) Checking the whole condition on the slope, removing the barrier, spraying the slope with water, and spraying the layer A with the thickness of 3-6cm.
(4) After hardening of layer a, layer B was prepared: fully mixing sewage sludge biochar with water, then adding cement, waste glass particle perlite particle mixture and soil into the mixture, fully and uniformly stirring the mixture, and spraying the mixture with the thickness of 3-6 cm;
(5) And C, preparing a layer: the guar gum is prepared into 1g/L homogenate by water, the guar gum is sprayed, and then the algae moss mixture is uniformly sown.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention adopts waste glass particles, waste glass powder, sewage sludge biochar and waste soil as matrix ingredients, and has the advantages of obvious effect on the secondary utilization of wastes, no environmental pollution, contribution to sustainable development and environmental protection. The layer A is concrete modified by sewage sludge biochar, and is used as a reinforcing layer to connect bare rock and a nutrition layer, so that on one hand, complex terrains of mines or highway slopes are improved, such as a 'pedal dead zone' is filled, the content of large-particle substances is increased, so that the friction force is increased, the ground grabbing performance of the nutrition layer is improved, on the other hand, the insulation and reserve effects are achieved, the nutrition layer and bare rock are isolated, bare rock harmful substances such as heavy metals are buried, the pH value of the nutrition layer is improved, the nutrition layer is assisted to store moisture and organic substances, certain air circulation is provided through base material proportion, and the like, and the later vegetation is facilitated. The layer B is used as a nutrition layer, adopts sewage sludge biochar to provide organic substances for waste soil, adopts a waste glass particle perlite particle mixture to provide certain water absorption performance, and provides a powerful material foundation for vegetation growth. The layer C is a crust layer, the mixed organisms of algae and moss are artificially accelerated to form crust, a richer nutrition foundation is provided for later-stage vegetation, and the mixed organisms are also a stabilizer of soil to prevent soil loss. The ecological restoration matrix provided by the invention can quickly restore the ecological environment, improve the soil, is suitable for various vegetation and beautifies cities.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, which are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as further limiting the invention.
Example 1
An ecological restoration matrix, the base material ratio is shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 base stock formulation of ecological restoration matrix
A method of using an ecological restoration substrate comprising the steps of:
(1) Collecting sewage sludge, air-drying, and drying in an oven at 110 ℃ for 24 hours; (2) crushing and grinding the waste glass particles, and passing through a 0.2mm screen; (3) Mixing the dried sewage sludge and the sieved waste glass particles according to the mass ratio of 5:2, carrying out in a pyrolysis reactor under a nitrogen environment, heating at a speed of 5 ℃/min until the temperature reaches 500 ℃, carrying out the whole pyrolysis process for 2 hours, and then sieving the mixture with a 2mm sieve to obtain the sewage sludge biochar.
(2) And (5) arranging anchors and wires.
(3) And (3) preparing a layer A: fully mixing sewage sludge biochar with water, and then adding cement, quartz stone, waste glass particles, medium sand, waste glass powder, perlite powder and a water reducer into the mixture, and fully and uniformly stirring the mixture;
(4) Checking the whole condition on the slope, removing the barrier, spraying the slope with water, and spraying the layer A with the thickness of 5cm.
(5) After hardening of layer a, layer B was prepared: fully mixing sewage sludge biochar with water, then adding cement, waste glass particle perlite particle mixture and abandoned land soil into the mixture, fully and uniformly stirring the mixture, and spraying the mixture with the thickness of 6cm;
(6) And C, preparing a layer: the guar gum is prepared into 1g/L homogenate by water, the guar gum is sprayed, algae and moss which naturally grow are collected from mines and made into fragments, wherein the algae fragments are 15mm, the moss fragments are 15mm, and after mixing, the algae moss mixture is uniformly sown.
Example 2
An ecological restoration matrix, the base material ratio is shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2 base stock formulation of ecological restoration matrix
A method of using an ecological restoration substrate comprising the steps of:
(1) Collecting sewage sludge, air-drying, and drying in an oven at 110 ℃ for 24 hours; (2) crushing and grinding the waste glass particles, and passing through a 0.2mm screen; (3) Mixing the dried sewage sludge and the sieved waste glass particles according to the mass ratio of 5:2, carrying out in a pyrolysis reactor under a nitrogen environment, heating at a speed of 5 ℃/min until the temperature reaches 500 ℃, carrying out the whole pyrolysis process for 2 hours, and then sieving the mixture with a 2mm sieve to obtain the sewage sludge biochar.
(2) And (5) arranging anchors and wires.
(3) And (3) preparing a layer A: fully mixing sewage sludge biochar with water, and then adding cement, quartz stone, waste glass particles, medium sand, waste glass powder, perlite powder and a water reducer into the mixture, and fully and uniformly stirring the mixture;
(4) Checking the whole condition on the slope, removing the barrier, spraying the slope with water, and spraying the layer A with the thickness of 5cm.
(5) After hardening of layer a, layer B was prepared: fully mixing sewage sludge biochar with water, then adding cement, waste glass particle perlite particle mixture and waste farmland soil into the mixture, fully and uniformly stirring the mixture, and spraying the mixture to a thickness of 6cm;
(6) And C, preparing a layer: the guar gum is prepared into 1g/L homogenate by water, the guar gum is sprayed, algae and moss which naturally grow are collected from mines and made into fragments, wherein the algae fragments are 50mm, the moss fragments are 50mm, and after mixing, the algae moss mixture is uniformly sown.
Example 3
An ecological restoration matrix, the base material ratio is shown in the following table 3.
TABLE 3 base stock formulation of ecological restoration matrix
A method of using an ecological restoration substrate comprising the steps of:
(1) Collecting sewage sludge, air-drying, and drying in an oven at 110 ℃ for 24 hours; (2) crushing and grinding the waste glass particles, and passing through a 0.2mm screen; (3) Mixing the dried sewage sludge and the sieved waste glass particles according to the mass ratio of 5:2, carrying out in a pyrolysis reactor under a nitrogen environment, heating at a speed of 5 ℃/min until the temperature reaches 500 ℃, carrying out the whole pyrolysis process for 2 hours, and then sieving the mixture with a 2mm sieve to obtain the sewage sludge biochar.
(2) And (5) arranging anchors and wires.
(3) And (3) preparing a layer A: fully mixing sewage sludge biochar with water, and then adding cement, quartz stone, waste glass particles, medium sand, waste glass powder, perlite powder and a water reducer into the mixture, and fully and uniformly stirring the mixture;
(4) Checking the whole condition on the slope, removing the barrier, spraying the slope with water, and spraying the layer A with the thickness of 5cm.
(5) After hardening of layer a, layer B was prepared: fully mixing sewage sludge biochar with water, then adding cement, waste glass particle perlite particle mixture and abandoned land soil into the mixture, fully and uniformly stirring the mixture, and spraying the mixture with the thickness of 6cm;
(6) And C, preparing a layer: the guar gum is prepared into 1g/L homogenate by water, the guar gum is sprayed, algae and moss which naturally grow are collected from mines and made into fragments, wherein the algae fragments are 15mm, the moss fragments are 15mm, and after mixing, the algae moss mixture is uniformly sown.
Control group 1
An ecological restoration matrix, the base material ratio is shown in the following table 4.
TABLE 4 base stock formulation of ecological restoration matrix
A method of using an ecological restoration substrate comprising the steps of:
(1) And (5) arranging anchors and wires.
(2) And (3) preparing a layer A: cement, quartz stone, middle sand, water and a water reducing agent are fully and uniformly stirred;
(3) Checking the whole condition on the slope, removing the barrier, spraying the slope with water, and spraying the layer A with the thickness of 5cm.
(4) After hardening of layer a, layer B was prepared: cement, soil of abandoned farmland and water are fully and uniformly stirred and sprayed, and the thickness is 6cm.
Control group 5
The ecological restoration matrix and the base material ratio are shown in the following table 5.
TABLE 5 base stock formulation of ecological restoration matrix
A method of using an ecological restoration substrate comprising the steps of:
(1) Collecting sewage sludge, air-drying, and drying in an oven at 110 ℃ for 24 hours; (2) crushing and grinding the waste glass particles, and passing through a 0.2mm screen; (3) Mixing the dried sewage sludge and the sieved waste glass particles according to the mass ratio of 5:2, carrying out in a pyrolysis reactor under a nitrogen environment, heating at a speed of 5 ℃/min until the temperature reaches 500 ℃, carrying out the whole pyrolysis process for 2 hours, and then sieving the mixture with a 2mm sieve to obtain the sewage sludge biochar.
(2) And (5) arranging anchors and wires.
(3) And (3) preparing a layer A: cement, quartz stone, middle sand, water and a water reducing agent are fully and uniformly stirred;
(4) Checking the whole condition on the slope, removing the barrier, spraying the slope with water, and spraying the layer A with the thickness of 5cm.
(5) After hardening of layer a, layer B was prepared: fully mixing sewage sludge biochar with water, then adding cement, perlite particles and waste farmland soil into the mixture, fully and uniformly stirring the mixture, and spraying the mixture to a thickness of 6cm;
(6) And C, preparing a layer: collecting algae naturally growing in the outside, preparing into fragments, wherein the algae fragments are 15mm, the moss fragments are 15mm, mixing, and then uniformly sowing the algae moss mixture.
Test example 1
The base materials of group A in examples 1-3 and the control group A were used to prepare layer A, and the layer A was poured into a grinding tool, and the compressive strength was measured according to the compressive strength test in GB/T50081-2019 method for testing physical mechanical properties of concrete. The leachate was prepared by referring to the method steps in HJ 557-2010 "horizontal oscillation method for solid waste leaching toxicity leaching method", and the content of Cd, cr, cu, pb, zn in the sample was measured according to GB/T14848-2017 "groundwater quality Standard", and specific experimental data are shown in Table 6 below.
Table 6 performance test
| Intensity (Mpa) | Cd(mg/kg) | Cr(mg/kg) | Cu(mg/kg) | Pb(mg/kg) | Zn(mg/kg) | |
| Example 1 | 20.28 | 0.95 | 131.56 | 16.43 | 12.56 | 50.11 |
| Example 2 | 18.33 | 1.03 | 134.55 | 17.23 | 12.91 | 52.65 |
| Example 3 | 16.32 | 0.99 | 138.46 | 18.55 | 12.58 | 51.48 |
| Control group 1 | 15.98 | 0.88 | 125.37 | 15.1 | 11.58 | 48.95 |
The examples all contain waste glass substances and sewage sludge biochar as dopants, and the compressive strength is larger than that of the control group, but the compressive strength is slightly higher and lower along with different ratios, and as can be seen from examples 1 and 2, the ratio of the waste glass substances is too high, and the compressive strength is reduced. It can be seen from examples 2 and 3 that the content of the sewage sludge biochar also affects the compressive strength.
The sewage sludge is used as waste and has too high heavy metal content, the heavy metal content of the sewage sludge biochar prepared by glass particle catalysis and high-temperature pyrolysis is reduced, but along with the increase of the temperature, the organic substances of the sewage sludge biochar are also obviously reduced, so that the invention adopts 500 ℃ as the optimal pyrolysis temperature, and not only can the heavy metal content of the sewage sludge biochar be reduced, but also the organic substance content is ensured. The waste glass substance also contains a certain amount of heavy metal, but the planting requirement can be met by controlling the content. As can be seen from Table 6, the heavy metal content in each example was slightly greater than that in the control group, but the difference was not great, and the effect on plants was very small, mainly due to the control of the content of each component and the presence of certain heavy metal passivation effect on the sewage sludge biochar.
Test example 2
The base materials of examples 1 to 3 and the base materials of the control groups 1 to 2 were used to prepare the A+B layer, the A+B layer was introduced into a grinding tool, the grinding tool was weighed after drying, 50 times of water was added according to the mass ratio, the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 4 hours, the sample was filtered through a 100-mesh screen until the sample mass was constant, the sample was weighed, and the water absorption was calculated according to the following formula, and the results were shown in Table 7 below.
Water absorption= (weight of sample after water absorption-weight of sample before water absorption)/weight of sample before water absorption
TABLE 7 Water absorbency test
| Water absorption (%) | |
| Example 1 | 66.8 |
| Example 2 | 67.2 |
| Example 3 | 63.1 |
| Control group 1 | 59.5 |
| Control group 2 | 60.9 |
It can be seen from Table 7 that the waste glass particles, waste glass powder, perlite powder in the A layer have an accelerating effect on water absorption as can be seen from examples 1 and 2. It can be seen from examples 2 and 3 that the waste glass particle perlite particle mixture has a significant effect on water absorption, and that excessive amounts reduce soil water absorption.
Test example 3
The mine is divided into 5 areas, and each area ensures similar landforms. The schemes of examples 1-3 and control groups 1-2 were used to restore ecology in each area, 10 points were randomly sampled for each area after 6 months, and the soil organic carbon content, aggregate stability and average value were measured. Ryegrass was randomly sown, 10 points were randomly sampled after 30d, and root length and plant height were measured, and the results are shown in table 8.
Wherein the organic carbon content of the organic carbon soil is detected by adopting a potassium dichromate external heating method.
The agglomerate stability is achieved by wet screening: 50g aggregates of soil samples were carefully immersed in 500mL of water for 10 minutes and then screened with screens of different sizes, the MWD (mean weight diameter) being a parameter derived from the sum of the mass fractions of soil left on each screen after screening.
TABLE 8 vegetation cases
The examples and the control group show that guar gum is used as a plant-derived tackifier, which improves the stability of soil aggregate and effectively accelerates biological skinning, but the content is not too high, otherwise, the plant growth is affected. The embodiment and the control group 2 can show that the artificial biological crust formed in the invention is a mixed type of algae and moss, the local dominant type is more favorable for forming the artificial crust, and the two types cooperate with each other to effectively improve the soil hardness, prevent dust and water, effectively cope with natural disasters and be an efficient soil stabilizer. In the research, the sewage sludge biochar can provide organic substances for soil, and the biological crust is also the same, so that the algae and moss mixture provides more abundant nutritional ingredients. From example 2 it can be seen that the small-fragment algae moss mixture is more favorable for even distribution of biological crust and organic matter.
Claims (7)
1. An ecological restoration matrix is characterized in that 3 layers are respectively an A reinforcing restoration layer, a B nutrition layer and a C crust layer from inside to outside;
the A layer comprises cement, quartz stone, waste glass particles, middle sand, waste glass powder, perlite powder, sewage sludge biochar, a water reducing agent and water, wherein the weight ratio of the cement to the quartz stone to the middle sand to the water reducing agent is 2:6:3:0.01, the weight ratio of the waste glass particles to the quartz stone is 1 (4-19), the weight ratio of the perlite powder to the waste glass powder to the middle sand is 1:3 (16-36), the weight ratio of the cement to the sewage sludge biochar is 100 (1-10), and the water-cement ratio is 0.3-0.5;
the B layer comprises cement, a waste glass particle perlite particle mixture, sewage sludge biochar, soil and water, wherein the weight ratio of the cement to the waste glass particle perlite particle mixture to the soil to the water is 1 (1.5-2) 10:1, the weight ratio of the waste glass particles to the perlite particles in the waste glass particle perlite particle mixture is 2:1, and the weight ratio of the sewage sludge biochar to the soil is 1 (3-10);
the layer C contains an algae moss mixture and guar gum, the dry weight ratio of algae to moss in the algae moss mixture is 1:2, and the coverage rate of the algae moss mixture in each square meter area is 0.05-0.1m 2 The dry weight of guar gum in each square meter area is 1-5g;
the diameter of the waste glass particles is 3-10mm, the diameter of the waste glass powder is less than 0.5mm, the diameter of the perlite particles is 0.5-5mm, the diameter of the perlite powder is less than 0.5mm, and the particle size of the sewage sludge biochar is 1-10mm.
2. The ecological restoration substrate according to claim 1, wherein the algae moss mixture is an algae fragment and moss fragment mixture, wherein the algae fragment is 15-20mm and the moss fragment is 15-20mm.
3. The ecological restoration substrate as recited in claim 1, wherein the algal moss mixture is taken from a region to be ecologically restored.
4. The ecological restoration substrate as recited in claim 1, wherein the sewage sludge biochar is prepared by a method comprising: (1) Collecting sewage sludge, air-drying, and drying in an oven at 110 ℃ for 24 hours; (2) crushing and grinding the waste glass particles, and passing through a 0.2mm screen; (3) Mixing the dried sewage sludge and the sieved waste glass particles according to the mass ratio of 5:2, carrying out in a pyrolysis reactor under a nitrogen environment, heating at a speed of 5 ℃/min until the temperature reaches 500 ℃, carrying out the whole pyrolysis process for 2 hours, and then sieving with a 2mm sieve.
5. The ecological restoration substrate according to claim 1, wherein the soil is derived from sanded soil, abandoned farmland.
6. The ecological restoration substrate as set forth in claim 1, being suitable for ecological restoration of mines and highway slopes.
7. The method of using an ecological restoration substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparing anchors and wire meshes;
(2) And (3) preparing a layer A: fully mixing sewage sludge biochar with water, and then adding cement, quartz stone, waste glass particles, medium sand, waste glass powder, perlite powder and a water reducer into the mixture, and fully and uniformly stirring the mixture;
(3) Checking the whole condition on the slope, removing the barrier, spraying the slope with water, and spraying the layer A with the thickness of 3-6cm.
(4) After hardening of layer a, layer B was prepared: fully mixing sewage sludge biochar with water, then adding cement, waste glass particle perlite particle mixture and soil into the mixture, fully and uniformly stirring the mixture, and spraying the mixture with the thickness of 3-6 cm;
(5) And C, preparing a layer: the guar gum is prepared into 1g/L homogenate by water, the guar gum is sprayed, and then the algae moss mixture is uniformly sown.
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