CN113475295B - Method for improving water-logging tolerance of woody plants in reservoir hydro-fluctuation areas and riparian zones - Google Patents
Method for improving water-logging tolerance of woody plants in reservoir hydro-fluctuation areas and riparian zones Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the water logging tolerance of woody plants in a hydro-fluctuation area and a riparian zone of a reservoir. The invention can obviously enhance the water-logging resistance of woody plants in the full water-logging environment, and improve the plant height and growth quantity of seedlings, the number of added leaves, the leaf area, the fresh weight of adventitious roots, the fresh weight of primary roots, the fresh weight of underground biomass and the aboveground biomass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a method for improving the water logging tolerance of woody plants in a hydro-fluctuation area and a riparian zone of a reservoir.
Background
The periodic water flooding of the hydro-fluctuation areas and the riparian zones of the reservoirs leads part of vegetation which is not resistant to the water flooding environment to die gradually, reduces the landscape diversity and increases the water and soil loss, so that the artificial restoration and reconstruction of the vegetation ecological environment of the hydro-fluctuation areas and the riparian zones of the reservoirs are the main restoration measures. The current research is mainly evaluated by the water flooding tolerance of plants, and whether the water flooding restoration method is suitable for the artificial vegetation restoration of reservoir hydro-fluctuation areas and riparian zones. At present, the water flooding tolerance of vegetation is improved by applying the same vegetation without genotypes to carry out mixed planting, or the vegetation with the high water flooding tolerance is selected to carry out artificial restoration through testing the full water flooding environment of the vegetation for a long time.
CN105052457A discloses that bermuda grass is used for repairing a reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt, indoor and outdoor simulation detection of adaptability of the bermuda grass to the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt is carried out, and finally, the bermuda grass is cultivated on the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt and ecological repair of the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt is carried out, so that water and soil loss of the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt of the Baihua lake in Guizhou is reduced, and meanwhile, the environment is beautified; CN105123181A discloses a method for repairing a plateau reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt by using paspalum distichum, which has a protection effect on water and soil loss of the plateau reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt and has landscape value. However, the water-logging tolerance treatment performed by the two methods is only to detect the adaptability of the plants to the reservoir hydro-fluctuation zone, and does not relate to how to further improve and enhance the water-logging tolerance of the woody plants, so as to achieve the purpose of enhancing the overall water-logging tolerance of the woody plants planted in a mixed manner, and the water-logging tolerance of the woody plants is poorer than that of the herbaceous plants.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the water-logging tolerance of woody plants in the hydro-fluctuation areas and the riparian zones of reservoirs, so as to improve the water-logging tolerance of the woody plants under the water-logging stress and promote the vegetation of the hydro-fluctuation areas and the riparian zones of reservoirs to restore the growth and development of the woody plants.
According to the invention, through the hardening-off of the early stage flooding experiment, the mixed planting of the woody plants recovered by the vegetation in different reservoir hydro-fluctuation areas and river banks is adopted, the tolerance of the flooding of the seedlings can be improved through semi-flooding hardening-off under certain conditions, the seedlings can present better growth and development momentum, the overall flooding tolerance of the woody plants mixed with planting is further improved, and the growth and development of the woody plants recovered by the vegetation in the reservoir hydro-fluctuation areas and the river banks are promoted.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for improving the water-logging tolerance of woody plants in the hydro-fluctuation areas and the riparian zones of reservoirs includes semi-water-logging seedling hardening of woody plant seedlings in the hydro-fluctuation areas and the riparian zones of reservoirs, wherein the water-logging height is 37-40% of the height of the seedlings, watering periodically to maintain the water-logging height, and culturing for more than 40 days to obtain target plants.
Further, the height of the woody plant seedling is more than or equal to 41cm.
Further, more than two woody plant seedlings are mixed for planting, and different woody plants are planted in a plant separation mode.
Further, the matrix of the mixed planting is Hainan red loam: sand: the mass ratio of the coconut coir is 3-5: 1 to 3:0.5 to 1.5.
Further indicates that the planting density of mixed planting is 20-25 plants/m 2 。
Further, the woody plants in the hydro-fluctuation areas and the riparian zones of the reservoir are Chinese pulsatilla and Chinese rose apple.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the method, different woody plant seedlings are mixed and planted, a seedling hardening mode of half flooding is adopted in the early growth stage of the seedlings, and seedling hardening culture is carried out under the conditions of a certain flooding depth and flooding seedling hardening time, so that the seedlings have flooding tolerance of full flooding in the later growth stage, the overall flooding tolerance of the seedlings of the woody plants mixed and planted is improved, and the growth and development of the woody plants can be promoted; the mixed planting can also reduce the death of the original root system under the water-logging stress, improve the survival capability of the original root system, promote the woody plant to improve the plant height increase amount of the seedling, the increase number of leaves, the leaf area, the fresh weight of the adventitious root, the fresh weight of the original root, the fresh weight of underground biomass and the aboveground biomass to a certain extent under the environment of the full water-logging stress, and enhance the full water-logging resistance capability of the woody plant for recovering the vegetation in the water-level areas of the reservoir and the river bank.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of growth patterns of 6 treatment groups of different planting modes of Chinese pulsatilla and Chinese gooseberry according to an embodiment of the present invention before experiment;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the growth pattern of the experiment of 6 treatment groups of different planting modes of the Chinese pulsatilla and the Chinese gooseberry according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a bar graph illustrating the effect of flooding stress on the growth indicators of Chinese pulsatilla and Chinese walnut under different planting modes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a bar graph of the effect of flooding stress on the biomass of Chinese pulsatilla and Chinese gooseberry in different modes of planting according to embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Wumo, also known as Syzygium cumini, ebony, heijia nigra, myrtaceae, syzygium evergreen arbor. The plant belongs to the tropical long-day positive tree species in south Asia in China in the areas of Fujian, guangdong, guangxi, yunnan and the like, is favored by light, water and deep fertile soil, and has obvious growth in dry and wet seasons. Strong adaptability, low requirement on soil, developed root system, deep main root, strong wind resistance, fire resistance, strong germination capacity and fast growth. It is commonly found in secondary forests on flat ground, wastelands, riversides and river valley wetlands.
Cleistocalyx operculatus, also called Ficus bengalensis, is an evergreen tree of Cleistocalyx operculatus of Myrtaceae. The Chinese pulsatilla has strong flooding resistance, can survive under drought, humidity, semi-flooding and full-flooding conditions, has the capacity of soil stabilization and slope protection and water body purification, and has strong decontamination and purification effects.
The fructus Syzygii Aromaticae is evergreen tree of Syzygium of Myrtaceae, and is known as Syzygium jambos. Crown oblate spheroid, she Duisheng, leathery, acicular or oblong. The soil is fond of warm and humid climate, usually grows at low humidity of stream side or valley, is waterlogging resistant and drought and barren resistant, and grows well on fertile and humid acid soil or alluvial soil. The root system is developed, the growth is better, the wind resistance is strong, and the air purifying effect is obvious.
Wumo, shuuiweng and Shuiguai peach are screened to be woody plants suitable for recovering and reconstructing vegetation in reservoir hydro-fluctuation areas and river bank zones.
Example 1
A method for improving the water logging tolerance of woody plants in the water-level-fluctuating areas and the riparian zones of reservoirs includes selecting 120 Chinese pulsatilla and Chinese rose seedlings with the plant height of 41cm respectively, carrying out semi-water logging seedling hardening by mixed planting with the medium of Hainan laterite 4kg, sand 2kg and coconut husk 1kg, and planting with the density of 25 plants/m 2 And the flooding height is 37% of the height of the seedlings, the flooding height is set to be 15cm, watering is carried out regularly to maintain the flooding height, and the target Chinese pulsatilla and Chinese gooseberry seedlings are cultured for 40d and are used for planting in the hydro-fluctuation areas of the reservoir and the riparian zones.
Example 2
A method for improving the water-logging tolerance of woody plants in the water-level-fluctuating areas and the riparian zones of reservoirs includes selecting 120 seedlings of Chinese pulsatilla and Chinese rose fruit with plant height of 41cm, respectively, carrying out semi-water-logging seedling hardening by mixed planting with 5kg of Hainan laterite, 3kg of sand and 0.5kg of coconut husk in the planting density of 20 plants/m 2 And the flooding height is 40% of the height of the seedlings, the flooding height is set to be 16cm, watering is carried out regularly to maintain the flooding height, and the target Chinese pulsatilla and Chinese gooseberry seedlings are cultured for 40d and are used for planting in the hydro-fluctuation areas and the riparian zones of the reservoirs.
Example 3
A method for improving the water-logging tolerance of woody plants in the hydro-fluctuation areas and the riparian zones of reservoirs includes selecting 120 seedlings of Chinese pulsatilla and Chinese rose as seeds with plant heights of 45cm, performing semi-water-logging hardening seedling by mixed planting with mixed planting matrixes of 4kg of Hainan red soil, 3kg of sand and 1.5kg of coconut husk and planting density of 22 plants/m 2 And the flooding height is 40% of the height of the seedlings, the flooding height is set to be 18cm, watering is carried out regularly to maintain the flooding height, and the target Chinese pulsatilla and Chinese gooseberry seedlings are cultured for 40d and are used for planting in the hydro-fluctuation areas of the reservoir and the riparian zones.
Example 4
The method for improving the water logging tolerance of woody plants in the hydro-fluctuation areas and the riparian zones of the reservoir according to the embodiment 1 is characterized in that: the selected seedlings are black ink seedlings and Chinese pulsatilla seedlings with the plant height of 41cm, and the number of the seedlings is 120 respectively.
Example 5
The method for improving the water logging tolerance of woody plants in the hydro-fluctuation areas and the riparian zones of the reservoir according to the embodiment 1 is characterized in that: the seedlings selected are black ink seedlings and rose apple seedlings with the plant height of 41cm, and the number of the seedlings is 120 respectively.
1. Verifying the influence of the water-flooding tolerance of different woody plants in semi-water-flooding seedling hardening.
1. Verification experiment
(1) The experimental method comprises the following steps: setting three different mixed planting modes of the Chinese pulsatilla root, the Chinese rose apple and the Chinese rose apple, performing semi-water-flooding seedling hardening, culturing for 40 days, and selecting the seedlings with consistent growth vigor to perform a water-flooding stress experiment for 120 days.
Three different mixed planting modes of the Chinese pulsatilla root, the Chinese gooseberry and the Chinese gooseberry are respectively provided with a control group and a water logging stress group, wherein 6 treatment groups are provided, each treatment group is provided with 5 biological repeats, and each repeat is 4 groups; a water flooding stress group, wherein the water flooding height is set to be 10cm away from the surface of the soil by the liquid level, and the water flooding height is maintained by regular watering; the control group was watered periodically without any treatment; wherein, the control group of the Chinese pulsatilla root-Chinese pulsatilla root and the Chinese rose apple-Chinese rose apple is represented by CK, the control group of the Chinese pulsatilla root-Chinese rose apple is represented by CK-M, the water logging stress group of the Chinese pulsatilla root-Chinese pulsatilla root and the Chinese rose apple-Chinese rose apple is represented by W, and the water logging stress group of the Chinese pulsatilla root-Chinese rose apple is represented by W-M.
(2) Before the experiment and after the water logging stress, the plant height increase amount, the leaf increase number, the leaf area, the fresh weight of the primary root, the fresh weight of the adventitious root, the fresh weight of underground biomass and the aboveground biomass of the seedlings of the Chinese pulsatilla and the Chinese Syzygium chinense of each treatment group are respectively measured, the experimental results are shown in a figure 1, a figure 2, a figure 3 and a figure 4, and the following steps are carried out: different lower/upper case letters indicate that there is a significant difference in P <0.05 level for the seedlings of Chinese pulsatilla/water syzygium under the same treatment regime; ns indicates no significant difference between the two species under the same treatment; * Indicating a significant difference at the 0.05 level between the two species under the same treatment; * Indicates that there was a very significant difference at the 0.01 level for the same treatment of both species.
(3) The determination method comprises the following steps: the plant height increasing amount measuring method comprises the following steps: measuring the plant height of the seedling by using a tape measure (H0 represents the plant height before the experiment, hn represents the plant height after the water-logging stress), wherein the plant height growth amount H = Hn-H0;
leaf area determination method: measuring leaf area of all leaves of the whole seedling by using an LI-3000C leaf area meter (LI-3000C, li-COR, USA), and summing;
the method for measuring the fresh weight of the primary roots comprises the following steps: measuring the weight of the primary root of the seedling by using a balance;
the method for measuring the fresh weight of the adventitious roots comprises the following steps: measuring the weight of the adventitious root of the seedling by using a balance;
underground biomass fresh weight determination method: underground biomass fresh weight = primary root fresh weight + adventitious root fresh weight;
aboveground biomass measurement method: aboveground biomass fresh weight = stem fresh weight + leaf fresh weight, and the weight of the stem and leaf of the seedling was measured using a balance.
(4) Significance analysis software: excel 2010 and GraphPad Prism 8 are adopted for data statistics and charting, SPSS 23 software is used for single-factor analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) and Duncan method multiple comparison, and a level P <0.05 represents that the difference is obvious.
2. Results of the experiment
(1) Influence of growth morphology: as can be seen from the figures 1 and 2, the survival rates of the seedlings of the Chinese pulsatilla and the Chinese gooseberry are both 100% after 120 days of flooding stress;
for the Chinese pulsatilla seedlings, the leaves of the water Weng You seedlings in the Chinese pulsatilla root-water Chinese pulsatilla root (W) in the water-flooding stress group are yellow, and the Chinese pulsatilla seedlings in the Chinese pulsatilla root-water Chinese gooseberry (CK-M) in the control group grow best; compared with a control group of Chinese pulsatilla root-Chinese roselle (CK-M), the Chinese pulsatilla root-Chinese roselle (W-M) under the water logging stress has the advantages that although the growth vigor of Chinese pulsatilla root seedlings is reduced, the plant height increment is obviously higher than that of the Chinese pulsatilla root-Chinese roselle (CK) of the control group;
for the seedlings of the water rose apple, compared with a control group of the water rose apple and the water rose apple (CK), the growth vigor of the water rose apple is slowed down to some extent, the color of the leaves is darker, compared with the control group of the water rose apple and the water rose apple (CK), the growth vigor of the seedlings of the water rose apple has no significant difference, and the plant height of the seedlings of the water rose apple in the water rose apple and the water rose apple (W-M) of the water rose stress group is increased significantly; the growth vigor of the seedlings of the hybrid planting of the Chinese rose apple is superior to that of the seedlings of the same Chinese rose apple regardless of water flooding stress or contrast treatment;
experiments show that the hybrid planting can improve the growth vigor of the seedlings of the Chinese rose apple and enhance the resistance of the seedlings of the Chinese rose apple under the full-water-flooding stress.
(2) Influence of growth index: as can be seen from fig. 3, for the plant height increase amount of the seedlings of the water pulsatilla chinensis in the control group of the water pulsatilla chinensis-water syzygium samarangense (CK-M), the plant height increase amount is significantly higher than that of the seedlings of the water pulsatilla chinensis in the control group of the water pulsatilla chinensis-water syzygium samarangense (CK-M), and simultaneously, the plant height increase amount of the seedlings of the water pulsatilla chinensis in the water flooding stress group of the water pulsatilla chinensis-water syzygium samarangense (W) and the water flooding stress group of the water pulsatilla chinensis-water syzygium samarangense (W-M) is significantly higher than that of the control group of the water pulsatilla chinensis-water (CK);
for the plant height increasing amount of the seedlings of the rose apple, the plant height increasing amount of the seedlings of the rose apple in the control group of the rose apple-rose apple (CK) and the rose apple seedlings in the control group of the Chinese pulsatilla root-rose apple (CK-M) has no significant difference, meanwhile, the plant height increasing amount of the seedlings of the rose apple in the water flooding stress group of the rose apple-rose apple (W) is significantly reduced, and the plant height of the seedlings of the rose apple in the water flooding stress group of the Chinese pulsatilla root-rose apple (W-M) is significantly increased;
the added number of the leaves of the seedling of the Chinese pulsatilla is the highest in a control group of the Chinese pulsatilla-rose apple (CK-M), but the added number of the leaves of the seedling of the Chinese pulsatilla in each treatment group has no significant difference;
for the increased number of leaves of the seedlings of the rose apple, the increased number of leaves of the seedlings of the rose apple planted in a mixed mode is obviously higher than that of the seedlings of the rose apple planted in the same mode under the conditions of contrast and flooding stress, and compared with the control group of the rose apple-rose apple (CK-M), the increased number of leaves of the rose apple in the flooding stress group of the rose apple-rose apple (W-M) is obviously reduced by 27.16%; compared with the control group of the rose apple and the rose apple (CK), the increase of the rose apple leaves of the rose apple and the rose apple (W) of the water flooding stress group is obviously reduced by 23.08%; however, under flooding stress, the number of leaves of the Syzygium jambos in the mixed planting (W-M) was 3.1 times the number of leaves of the Syzygium jambos in the same planting (W).
For the leaf area of the water-plant seedlings, the leaf area of the water-plant seedlings can be obviously increased in a mixed planting mode, the leaf area of the water-plant seedlings in the water-plant-water rose apple (CK-M) of the control group is obviously larger than that of the water-plant seedlings in the water-plant-water rose apple (CK-M) of the control group, and under the water-plant stress, the leaf area of the water-plant seedlings in the water-plant-water rose apple (W-M) of the water-plant stress group is obviously reduced by 17.84% compared with that of the water-plant-water rose apple (CK-M) of the control group, and the leaf area of the water-plant seedlings in the water-plant stress group is obviously increased compared with that of the water-plant seedling (CK) of the control group;
for the leaf area of the seedlings of the rose apple, the leaf areas of the seedlings of the rose apple in the CK group and the seedlings of the rose apple in the CK-M group have no significant difference, and the leaf areas of the rose apple are significantly reduced by water flooding stress no matter the seedlings of the rose apple are planted in the same species or in a mixed manner, but the leaf areas of the seedlings of the rose apple in the water flooding stress group of the Chinese pulsatilla root-rose apple (W-M) are significantly higher than those of the rose apple-rose apple (W) in the water flooding stress group;
experiments show that the water logging stress of the hybrid planting seedlings of the rose apple can improve the plant height and the growth amount, the number of the leaves and the leaf area to a certain degree.
(3) Effect of biomass: as can be seen from fig. 4, for the fresh weight of the adventitious roots, the weight average of the adventitious roots of the seedlings of the Chinese pulsatilla root-Chinese water pulsatilla root and the Chinese gooseberry root-Chinese gooseberry is significantly lower than that of the Chinese pulsatilla root-Chinese gooseberry;
for fresh and heavy native roots, the native root systems of the seedlings of the Chinese pulsatilla in the water-flooding stress group Chinese pulsatilla-Chinese rosebay (W-M) are obviously higher than those of the Chinese pulsatilla in the water-flooding stress group Chinese pulsatilla-Chinese pulsatilla (W), which shows that the mixed planting can reduce the death of the native root systems of the Chinese pulsatilla under the water-flooding stress and improve the survival capability of the native root systems; in addition, under the same-species planting and mixed planting, the fresh weight of the original root system of the Chinese pulsatilla seedlings is remarkably higher than that of the Chinese Syzygium seedlings. Although part of the native root system dies to limit the growth of the plant, the generation of the adventitious root greatly improves the flooding resistance of the plant;
for fresh and heavy underground biomass, the underground biomass of the Chinese pulsatilla root-Chinese pulsatilla root (W) in the water-flooding stress group and the Chinese pulsatilla root-Chinese wild rose fruit (W-M) in the water-flooding stress group is obviously higher than that of the Chinese pulsatilla root-Chinese pulsatilla root (CK) in the control group and that of the Chinese pulsatilla root-Chinese flowering wild rose fruit (CK-M) in the control group, mainly because Chinese pulsatilla root seedlings grow a large number of adventitious roots under the water-flooding stress condition, the Chinese flowering wild rose fruit seedlings grow a small number of adventitious roots and part of the primary roots die, the underground biomass of the Chinese flowering wild rose fruit seedlings is obviously reduced after the water-flooding stress in the same planting mode, and the mixed planting mode obviously improves the growth and development of the adventitious roots of the Chinese flowering wild rose fruit seedlings and shows that the underground biomass of the Chinese flowering wild rose fruit seedlings in the water-Chinese pulsatilla root-Chinese wild rose fruit (W-M) in the water-flooding stress group is obviously higher than that of the Chinese flowering wild rose flower wild rose fruit-Chinese flowering wild rose fruit (W-Chinese flowering wild rose fruit) in the water-flooding stress group;
for aboveground biomass, under the water flooding stress, the aboveground biomass of the mixed planted seedlings of the rose apple is higher than that of the same planted seedlings of the rose apple;
experiments show that the mixed planting can obviously improve the fresh weight of the adventitious roots, the fresh weight of underground biomass and the aboveground biomass of the seedlings of the Syzygium cumini, and obviously improve the fresh weight of the adventitious roots, the fresh weight of primary roots and the fresh weight of underground biomass of the seedlings of the Cleistocalyx operculatus.
In summary, the invention provides a method for improving the flooding tolerance of woody plants in the hydro-fluctuation areas and the riparian zones of reservoirs, the woody plant seedlings are planted in a mixed mode and grow in a half flooding mode for more than 40d, the full flooding tolerance of the seedlings in the later period can be improved, the plant height and growth amount of the seedlings, the number of added leaves, the leaf area, the fresh weight of adventitious roots, the fresh weight of primary roots, the fresh weight of underground biomass and the biomass on the ground are improved to a certain extent, and the full flooding resistance of the woody plants is enhanced.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. The method for improving the water logging tolerance of woody plants in the hydro-fluctuation areas and the riparian zones of the reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps of: semi-water-flooding hardening seedlings of woody plant seedlings in a water-level area and a bank area of a reservoir, wherein the water-flooding height is 37-40% of the height of the seedlings, watering is performed regularly to maintain the water-flooding height, and the woody plant seedlings are cultured for more than 40 days to obtain target plants;
semi-water flooding hardening off is carried out on the woody plant seedlings by adopting a mixed planting mode; the mixed planting comprises the following steps: selecting and adopting two kinds of woody plants in a reservoir hydro-fluctuation area and a riparian zone to carry out mixed planting;
the woody plants in the hydro-fluctuation areas and the riparian zones of the reservoir are Chinese pulsatilla and Chinese rosewood.
2. The method for improving the water logging tolerance of woody plants in hydro-fluctuation areas and riparian zones of reservoirs according to claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the woody plant seedling is more than or equal to 41cm.
3. The method for improving the water flooding tolerance of woody plants in hydro-fluctuation areas and riparian zones of reservoirs according to claim 1, wherein: the mixed planting is planting different woody plants in a plant spacing mode.
4. The method for improving the water logging tolerance of woody plants in hydro-fluctuation areas and riparian zones of reservoirs according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mixed planting matrix is Hainan red loam, sand and coconut coir in a mass ratio of 3~5:1~3:0.5 to 1.5.
5. The method for improving the water flooding tolerance of woody plants in hydro-fluctuation areas and riparian zones of reservoirs according to claim 1, wherein: the planting density of the mixed planting is 20 to 25 plants/m 2 。
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