CN111470890A - Vegetable tail vegetable processing method - Google Patents
Vegetable tail vegetable processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111470890A CN111470890A CN202010264482.7A CN202010264482A CN111470890A CN 111470890 A CN111470890 A CN 111470890A CN 202010264482 A CN202010264482 A CN 202010264482A CN 111470890 A CN111470890 A CN 111470890A
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- earthworms
- fermentation
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000220259 Raphanus Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000006140 Raphanus sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 29
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000002659 Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010043324 Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010921 garden waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009747 swallowing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a treatment method of vegetable tails. According to the invention, the cow dung and the straws are utilized to form a composting product, so that the resource utilization of cow dung and straw wastes is promoted, the earthworms are raised, the growth and the propagation of the earthworms are promoted, more importantly, the vegetable tailed vegetables are also rapidly consumed, and the harmless treatment and the high-value utilization of the tailed vegetables are realized. The invention opens up a new way for the treatment of the waste vegetables.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for treating vegetable tails, belonging to the field of resource utilization of environmental wastes.
Background
Along with the rapid development of China, the economic capability is continuousThe improvement is that the country pays more and more attention to agricultural development, encourages agricultural professional cooperative society to develop and gives a lot of supporting policies, and drives the economic development of farmers through integration, scale and modern technology, so that many places begin to establish agricultural professional cooperative society to develop scale planting, and processing and selling are carried out, but a large amount of tailed vegetables are generated in the processes of scale vegetable production, harvesting, transportation, processing and the like, the waste of the tailed vegetables can account for 30-60% of the yield of the vegetables, and according to estimation, the generation amount of the waste of the tailed vegetables in China in 2013 is up to 2.69 × 107t, becoming the fourth crop waste country. The waste of the tailstocks has high water content, short preservation period, difficult transportation, easy decay and bad odor, and becomes a big problem of polluting agricultural production and rural ecological environment, but the waste of the tailstocks contains high nutrient components and has high potential utilization value, so the resource utilization of the waste of the tailstocks is a problem which is urgently needed to be solved at present.
The traditional method for treating the waste vegetables has the advantages that the waste vegetables are utilized in a fertilizer mode, certain fillers are added after squeezing and dewatering in a factory, and the organic fertilizer is produced by fermenting through microorganisms, so that the occupied area is large, the electricity and labor are consumed, and the product value is low; the method is characterized in that the forage is utilized, the tail vegetables are cut and added with fillers for ensiling, but the water content of the tail vegetables is large, the quantity of straws needing the fillers is large, the nutritional ingredients of the product are unbalanced, and the quantity of the tail vegetables sold as commodities is small; the biogas is utilized, and the biogas production rate is not high when the waste vegetables are applied because the waste vegetables contain more water. Finding an economical and practical method for recycling waste of the tailstocks is the key for solving the problems.
The earthworm is a omnivorous animal which takes putrefactive organic matters as food, has small individual volume, large food quantity and high propagation speed, biologically digests the putrefactive organic matters under the aerobic condition at normal temperature, assimilates and utilizes a small part of the organic matters through the physical friction and breakage of intestinal tracts and the decomposition and transformation effects of various secretases, most of the organic earthworm excrement is discharged by the earthworm to form granular organic earthworm excrement, has good physical properties and high nutritional ingredients, is called as the king of organic fertilizer, and is high-quality protein feed and healthy green feed additive. In actual environment, the living and gathering degree of the earthworms is low, the swallowing treatment effect on organic wastes is not obvious, the earthworms are directly used for eating the tailed dishes, the survival rate of the earthworms is low, the earthworms grow slowly, and the breeding efficiency is not high, so that the key of applying the technology for treating the tailed dishes by the earthworms is to create an environment for improving the living of the earthworms in order to improve the living capacity of the earthworms.
The successful breeding of earthworms by cow dung has been studied previously (CN107259115A), and the treatment of herb residue by earthworms (CN105646020A) and the treatment of garden waste by earthworms (CN106882989A) have been patented, but no research has been made on the treatment of vegetable and vegetable tails by earthworms at present, and no attempt has been made on the treatment of vegetable and tails by earthworms on a cow dung bed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for treating vegetable tails, and aims to solve the problems that vegetable tails are difficult to be absorbed and easy to cause farmland environmental pollution. The method can realize harmless treatment and high-value utilization of the waste vegetables, and achieve the purposes of virtuous circle of agricultural production and protection of farmland ecological environment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for processing vegetable tails comprises the following steps:
a) properly airing the cow dung, adding chopped straws accounting for 10-150% of the weight of the cow dung, adjusting the water content until water marks are held by hands and do not flow under the palm, uniformly mixing, stacking into a stack, performing aerobic fermentation, after the stack fermentation is finished, sprinkling water to adjust the humidity until the water marks are held by hands and do not flow under the palm, spreading out and laying into a cow dung bed, wherein the thickness of the cow dung bed can be 0.1-100cm according to the cow dung amount;
b) after the bed body is cooled to a proper temperature and the proper humidity is kept, earthworm inoculation is carried out; the humidity is the proper humidity required by the prior known earthworm breeding technology;
c) chopping vegetable tails, uniformly spreading the chopped vegetable tails on the surface of a cow dung bed, wherein the spreading thickness is 0.10-10.0cm, and then covering the vegetable tails with fermented cow dung, wherein the covering thickness is 2-5 cm.
Preferably, the method also comprises a step d) of opening the cow dung layer covered on the upper layer, observing the consumption condition of the vegetable tails, and repeating the step c) when the vegetable tails are eaten at 1/2-2/3, so as to realize continuous and rapid consumption of the radish tails.
Preferably, in the step a), the humidity of the moisture is adjusted to 40-80%.
Preferably, in the step a), the aerobic fermentation is performed by turning the pile once every 3 to 4 days, sufficient oxygen is supplemented to enter the fermentation pile, the color of the fermentation pile is changed into yellow brown, and no foul smell exists, and the completion of the fermentation is marked.
Preferably, in the step b), the temperature of the cow dung bed is reduced to 20-40 ℃, the humidity of the bed body is kept to be 40% -80%, the optimal life habit of the earthworms is met, and then inoculation is carried out.
Preferably, in the step b), the earthworm inoculation amount is 1Kg dry weight, and 40-70 earthworms are inoculated in the fermented cow dung pile.
Preferably, in the step c), the vegetable tails are cut off or cut into thin and flaky shapes, so that the vegetables are convenient for the earthworms to eat.
Preferably, in the step c), the vegetable tails are cut to a thickness of 0.01-0.5 cm.
Preferably, the vegetables are sour or sweet, such as tomato and/or white radish, preferably white radish.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention promotes the resource utilization of cow dung and straw waste, raises earthworms, promotes the growth and reproduction of earthworms, and more importantly, quickly consumes vegetable tailed vegetables, thereby realizing the harmless treatment and high-value utilization of the tailed vegetables.
(2) In the composting of the cow dung bed, cow dung and straws are only subjected to primary fermentation until the color of a compost becomes yellow brown and no foul smell exists, and the period of the fermentation process is obviously shortened compared with that of common compost. And subsequently, the cow dung and the straws are further thoroughly decomposed through the biological action of the earthworms, the structure is looser, a high-quality plant culture medium is formed, and nutrient substances of the barren soil can be improved.
(3) According to the invention, the earthworm is used for treating the vegetable tails without adding other chemical substances, so that secondary environmental pollution is avoided, and the earthworm vegetable treatment method is clean and environment-friendly.
(4) The invention realizes the comprehensive utilization of cow dung, straws and vegetable tails, the obtained earthworm products can be used as high-quality protein feed and green feed additives for the healthy cultivation of poultry, and the earthworm dung byproduct is 'the king of organic fertilizer' with excellent physical properties and high nutritional ingredients and is used as a plant culture medium and nutrients, thereby integrally forming a complete agricultural ecological chain; the invention reasonably utilizes agricultural wastes such as straws and vegetable tails and changes waste into valuable.
(5) The method is simple, easy to operate and easy to popularize.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will more clearly and intuitively understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described below.
Example 1
(1) Collecting fresh cow dung, airing, adding chopped straws accounting for 10-150% of the weight of the cow dung, supplementing water until water marks are held by hands on palms but do not flow downwards, piling up the cow dung into a pile body, fermenting, turning over the pile body every 3 days, and changing the color of the pile body into yellow brown without malodor after 15 days to obtain the fermented cow dung;
(2) preparing a uncovered 40cm high foam box, wherein a small hole is formed at the bottom for draining water, and gauze is laid on the top to prevent earthworms from climbing away;
(3) adding 1000g of fermented cow dung into a foam box, and spreading and paving the cow dung to form a bed layer with the thickness of 20 cm;
(4) inoculating 50 adult earthworms into the foam box;
(5) cutting 250g of white radish tail vegetables into two parts in the transverse or longitudinal direction, placing the two parts on cow dung, and then spreading cow dung with the thickness of 2cm for covering;
(6) spreading the cow dung for covering lightly every 2 days, observing the treatment effect of the earthworms on the white radish tail vegetables, and finding that the earthworms completely eat the cut white radish tail vegetables in about 15 days and are in a state of glossy surface and strong activity.
The invention relates to a method for treating radish tail vegetables by earthworms, which directly cuts off the radish tail vegetables without the requirement of thin and flaky cutting, and has the following results: the earthworms can eat up the white radish tailstocks, and the earthworms keep in a healthy state, which takes about 15 days and is long.
Example 2
This example is different from example 1 in that in step (5), radish tails were cut into 0.10cm thick slices, laid on cow dung, and then covered with 2cm thick cow dung.
The cattle manure for covering is slightly spread out every day to observe the treatment effect of the earthworms on the white radish tail vegetables, and the earthworms are found to completely eat the chopped white radish tail vegetables 2 days later and are in a state of glossy surface and strong activity.
The method for treating the white radish pickle by using the earthworms has the following results when the pickle is cut into thin and flaky shapes: the earthworms can quickly consume the white radish tail vegetables, the required time is shortened from 15 days for cutting off the white radish tail vegetables to 2 days, and the earthworms are kept in a healthy state.
The embodiments described above are presented to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications to the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for processing the vegetable tails is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) properly airing the cow dung, adding chopped straws accounting for 10-150% of the weight of the cow dung, adjusting the water content until water marks are held by hands and do not flow together and drip, uniformly mixing, stacking into a stack, performing aerobic fermentation, after the stack fermentation is completed, sprinkling water to adjust the humidity until the water marks are held by hands and do not flow together and drip, spreading out and laying into a cow dung bed;
b) after the bed body is cooled to a proper temperature and the proper humidity is kept, earthworm inoculation is carried out; the humidity is the proper humidity required by the prior known earthworm breeding technology;
c) chopping vegetable tails, uniformly spreading the chopped vegetable tails on the surface of a cow dung bed, wherein the spreading thickness is 0.10-10.0cm, and then covering the vegetable tails with fermented cow dung, wherein the covering thickness of the cow dung is 2-5 cm.
2. The processing method according to claim 1, further comprising a step d) of digging off the cow dung layer covered on the upper layer, observing the consumption condition of the vegetable tails, and repeating the step c) when the vegetable tails are eaten at 1/2-2/3, thereby realizing continuous and rapid consumption of the radish tails.
3. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that in step a), the moisture is adjusted to a humidity of 40% to 80%.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein in step a), the aerobic fermentation is performed by turning the fermentation pile once every 3 to 4 days, sufficient oxygen is supplemented into the fermentation pile, and the color of the fermentation pile is changed into yellow brown without foul smell, which indicates that the fermentation is completed.
5. The treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step b), the cow dung bed is cooled to 20-40 ℃, the humidity of the bed body is kept to be 40-80%, the optimum life habit of the earthworms is met, and then inoculation is carried out.
6. The treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step b), 40-70 earthworms are inoculated on the fermented cow dung pile with an earthworm inoculation amount of 1Kg dry weight.
7. The processing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step c), the vegetable tails are cut into pieces or mainly cut into thin and flaky pieces.
8. The process of claim 1, wherein in step c), the vegetable tails are cut to a thickness of 0.01-0.5 cm.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the vegetable is a sour or sweet vegetable.
10. The treatment according to claim 9, characterized in that said vegetables are tomatoes and/or white radishes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010264482.7A CN111470890A (en) | 2020-04-07 | 2020-04-07 | Vegetable tail vegetable processing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010264482.7A CN111470890A (en) | 2020-04-07 | 2020-04-07 | Vegetable tail vegetable processing method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111470890A true CN111470890A (en) | 2020-07-31 |
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| CN202010264482.7A Pending CN111470890A (en) | 2020-04-07 | 2020-04-07 | Vegetable tail vegetable processing method |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103340182A (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2013-10-09 | 南开大学 | Method of earthworm cultivation through cow dung straw compost |
| CN104082008A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-10-08 | 刘元生 | Method for organic vegetable cultivation in greenhouse |
| CN108207812A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-06-29 | 奥为（天津）环保科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of vermiculture base-material |
| CN113185342A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-30 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Method and device for producing efficient organic liquid fertilizer by using waste vegetables |
-
2020
- 2020-04-07 CN CN202010264482.7A patent/CN111470890A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103340182A (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2013-10-09 | 南开大学 | Method of earthworm cultivation through cow dung straw compost |
| CN104082008A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-10-08 | 刘元生 | Method for organic vegetable cultivation in greenhouse |
| CN108207812A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-06-29 | 奥为（天津）环保科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of vermiculture base-material |
| CN113185342A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-30 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Method and device for producing efficient organic liquid fertilizer by using waste vegetables |
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| Title |
|---|
| 熊家军 等: "《黄鳝健康养殖新技术》", 29 February 2008, 广东科技出版社 * |
| 王海候 等: "蚯蚓生物消解尾菜废弃物工艺参数优化", 《农业资源与环境学报》 * |
| 郎跃深 等: "《蚯蚓养殖关键技术与应用》", 31 May 2015, 科学技术文献出版社 * |
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