CN111466174A - Seedling raising method for improving germination rate of grape seeds - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for improving germination rate of grape seeds Download PDFInfo
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- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 25
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of grape planting, and discloses a seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of grape seeds, which comprises the following steps: enzymolysis, dormancy, germination acceleration, sowing and management; the seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of the grape seeds, provided by the invention, is simple and convenient to operate, can be used for carrying out batch treatment on the seeds, avoiding using wet sand for stratification treatment, obviously shortening the dormancy time of the grape seeds, saving the space and time, reducing the seedling raising cost of the grape seeds, shortening the germination time of the sowed seeds to 4-5 days, and obviously improving the seedling raising efficiency of the grape seeds, wherein the germination rate reaches 68%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of grape planting, in particular to a seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of grape seeds.
Background
The grape is one of favorite fruits, contains rich glucose, flavonoid components, mineral elements and vitamins, and can maintain beauty, keep young, resist aging, soften blood vessels and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; the grapes are delicious in flavor and are deeply favored by people, so that the grapes are widely planted in China, the grapes are mainly subjected to vegetative propagation in the seedling raising process, the main propagation methods are cutting propagation, layering propagation and grafting propagation, the excellent characters of a female parent can be maintained to a greater extent in the vegetative propagation process, the growth period after planting is short, flowering and fruiting can be carried out quickly, and the vegetative propagation is a main propagation method in the grape planting process; however, if the flavor and taste of the grapes are changed, the requirements of people on the taste cannot be met, and the yield is low, the grapes are sowed and grown, and then the obtained seedlings are screened to obtain grape plants with better characters; however, the traditional method for seedling culture by using grape seeds at present is to store the collected grape seeds in a cool and ventilated place, the seeds are laminated by using wet sand 2 months before sowing, the temperature of the wet sand is kept at about 5 ℃, the water content is 10-20%, then sowing is carried out in 3-4 months in spring, the grape seeds can germinate after being mixed with the seeds generally for 15-20 days, and the germination rate is only about 35%, so that the seedling culture efficiency of the grape seeds is obviously reduced, the grape plants with excellent properties are more difficult to screen, and the germination rate of the sowed grape seeds is improved.
The prior patent document CN107371458A discloses a sand storage method for improving the germination rate of grape seeds, and particularly discloses that the grape seeds are soaked in a chitosan solution and then sand stored, and discloses that the grape seeds are placed in a river sand layer for standing and storage for 90-100 days in the sand storage process and then placed in a rice bran layer for standing for 2-4 days, the germination rate of the grape seeds can be improved, but the effect is not obvious, and the treatment method of the grape seeds is further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of grape seeds.
A seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of grape seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) enzymolysis: placing the collected grape seeds in an enzymolysis liquid, preserving heat at 30-35 ℃, stirring for 2-3 hours, decomposing pectin components remained on the surfaces of the seeds, facilitating the permeation of external treatment liquid and nutrient solution, accelerating the treatment process of the seeds, taking out, washing with clear water, and freeze-drying until the water content is 22-26% to obtain enzymolysis seeds;
(2) dormancy: placing the enzymolysis seeds in an incubator, uniformly spraying a sodium selenite solution, adjusting the temperature to 7-9 ℃, keeping the humidity to 60-65%, standing for 8-10 days, uniformly spraying the sodium selenite solution on the surface, adjusting the temperature and the humidity of the incubator, enabling the sodium selenite to be uniformly contacted with the seeds and slowly permeate into the seeds, reducing the respiratory capacity of the seeds and reducing the energy consumed by the seeds under the condition of lower temperature and humidity, simultaneously improving the antioxidant capacity of the seeds by the sodium selenite, maintaining the energy of the seeds enough to maintain the vitality of embryos under the condition of lower respiration, facilitating the rapid germination after sowing, shortening the germination period of the seeds, and obtaining dormant seeds;
(3) accelerating germination: still placing the dormant seeds in a constant temperature box, adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature box to be 19-21 ℃, spraying a germination accelerating liquid to keep the humidity of the constant temperature box to be 72-76%, carrying out dark treatment for 3-5 days, spraying the germination accelerating liquid in the germination accelerating process, improving the temperature and the humidity of the constant temperature box, facilitating the absorption of the seeds on the germination accelerating liquid, accelerating the growth of embryonic roots and embryos of the seeds, promoting the germination of the seeds, and obtaining the germination accelerating seeds;
(4) sowing: uniformly mixing germination accelerating seeds and activated carbon, sowing the seeds in soil, covering the surface of the soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm, thoroughly watering the seeds, covering a mulching film, wherein the seeds contain EM (effective microorganisms) and can be fermented to generate rich organic matter components to accelerate the growth of radicles and germs of grape seeds, and the added activated carbon can adsorb a large amount of water and nutrient components, can be released after the soil is dried, keeps the seeds in a relatively stable environment, avoids the influence of overhigh or overlow water on grape seedlings, improves the survival rate of the grape seedlings, and covers the film after sowing to play the effects of water retention and fertilizer retention, thereby obtaining the sown seeds;
(5) management: after the seeds germinate, the mulching film is punctured, the grape bud seedlings extend out of the mulching film, the seedlings are exposed out of the mulching film, meanwhile, the residual mulching film still has the effects of water and fertilizer retention, the growth of the seedlings is accelerated, the seedling raising efficiency of the grape seeds is improved, and conventional management is carried out in the later stage to obtain the grape seedlings.
The enzymolysis liquid in the step (1) contains 0.04-0.06% of pectinase.
The mass percentage concentration of the sodium selenite solution in the step (2) is 1.1-1.3%, and the spraying amount is 17-19% of the weight of the enzymolysis seeds.
The germination accelerating liquid in the step (3) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-24 parts of zinc sulfate, 16-18 parts of ferric sulfate, 11-13 parts of manganese sulfate, 5-7 parts of citric acid, 0.7-0.9 part of lysozyme and 1400-1600 parts of water.
The particle size of the activated carbon in the step (4) is 2-5 mm.
The sowing water in the step (4) is prepared by adding EM (effective microorganisms) into water and stirring the mixture until the mixture is completely uniform, so that the mass percentage concentration of the EM is 2-3%.
The invention has the advantages that: the seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of the grape seeds, provided by the invention, is simple and convenient to operate, can be used for carrying out batch treatment on the seeds, avoids using wet sand for stratification treatment, obviously shortens the dormancy time of the grape seeds, saves space and time, reduces the seedling raising cost of the grape seeds, shortens the germination time of the sowed seeds to 4-5 days, achieves the germination rate of 68%, and obviously improves the seedling raising efficiency of the grape seeds; firstly, the collected grape seeds are placed in enzymolysis liquid for enzymolysis, and the residual pectin components on the surfaces of the seeds are decomposed, so that the infiltration of external treatment liquid and nutrient solution is facilitated, and the treatment process of the seeds is accelerated; the seeds after enzymolysis are placed in a thermostat, sodium selenite solution is uniformly sprayed on the surfaces of the seeds, the temperature and the humidity of the thermostat are adjusted, so that the sodium selenite is uniformly contacted with the seeds and slowly permeates into the seeds, the respiratory capacity of the seeds is reduced under the condition of lower temperature and humidity, the energy consumed by the seeds is reduced, meanwhile, the oxidation resistance of the seeds can be improved by the sodium selenite, the seeds can be kept to have enough energy to maintain the vitality of embryos under the condition of lower respiration, the quick germination after sowing is facilitated, and the germination period of the seeds is shortened; then adjusting the temperature and humidity of the incubator, carrying out germination accelerating treatment on the dormant seeds, spraying a germination accelerating liquid in the germination accelerating process, improving the temperature and humidity of the incubator, facilitating the seeds to absorb the germination accelerating liquid, accelerating the growth of embryonic roots and embryos of the seeds and promoting the germination of the seeds, wherein the germination accelerating liquid contains various inorganic and organic components; the seeds and the activated carbon are mixed and then sown, sowing water is fully irrigated after sowing, EM bacteria are contained in the sowing water, the fermentation can generate rich organic matter components, the growth of radicles and germs of grape seeds is accelerated, the added activated carbon can adsorb a large amount of water and nutrient components, the water can be released after the soil is dried, the seeds are kept in a relatively stable environment, the influence on grape seedlings caused by overhigh or overlow water is avoided, the survival rate of the grape seedlings is improved, and the film mulching is carried out after sowing, so that the effects of water retention and fertilizer retention are achieved; after germination, the mulching film is punctured into a small hole, seedlings expose out of the mulching film, and meanwhile, the residual mulching film still has the effects of water and fertilizer retention, so that the growth of the seedlings is accelerated, and the seedling raising efficiency of grape seeds is improved.
Drawings
In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of a seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of grape seeds.
Detailed Description
The invention is illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of grape seeds comprises the following steps:
placing the collected grape seeds in an enzymolysis solution, keeping the pectinase content of the enzymolysis solution at 0.04%, stirring for 2h at 30 ℃ to decompose residual pectin components on the surfaces of the seeds, facilitating the permeation of external treatment liquid and nutrient solution, accelerating the treatment process of the seeds, taking out, washing with clear water, and freeze-drying to reach the water content of 22% to obtain enzymolysis seeds; placing the enzymolysis seeds in an incubator, uniformly spraying sodium selenite solution, wherein the mass percentage concentration of the sodium selenite solution is 1.1%, the spraying amount is 17% of the weight of the enzymolysis seeds, adjusting the temperature to 7 ℃, keeping the humidity to 60%, standing for 8d, adjusting the temperature and the humidity of the incubator after uniformly spraying the sodium selenite solution on the surface, enabling the sodium selenite to be uniformly contacted with the seeds and slowly permeate into the seeds, reducing the respiratory capacity of the seeds and reducing the energy consumed by the seeds under the condition of lower temperature and humidity, simultaneously improving the oxidation resistance of the seeds by the sodium selenite, keeping enough energy of the seeds to maintain the activity of germs under the condition of lower respiration, facilitating the rapid germination after sowing, shortening the germination period of the seeds, and obtaining dormant seeds; and then, still placing the dormant seeds in a constant temperature box, adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature box to be 19 ℃, spraying a germination accelerating liquid to keep the humidity of the constant temperature box to be 72%, wherein the germination accelerating liquid is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: zinc sulfate 22, ferric sulfate 16, manganese sulfate 11, citric acid 5, lysozyme 0.7 and water 1400, performing dark treatment for 3d, spraying a germination accelerating solution in the germination accelerating process, increasing the temperature and humidity of a thermostat, facilitating the absorption of seeds to the germination accelerating solution, wherein the germination accelerating solution contains various inorganic and organic components, accelerating the growth of embryonic roots and embryos of the seeds, and promoting the germination of the seeds to obtain the germination accelerating seeds; uniformly mixing the germination accelerating seeds and the activated carbon, wherein the particle size of the activated carbon is 2-5 mm, after the seeds are sowed in soil, the surface of the seeds is covered with 2-3 cm of soil, sowing water is thoroughly poured, the sowing water is put into the water, EM bacteria are added into the water and stirred to be completely uniform, the mass percentage concentration of the EM bacteria is 2%, mulching films are covered, the sowing water contains the EM bacteria, the fermentation can generate rich organic matter components, the growth of radicles and embryos of grape seeds is accelerated, the added activated carbon can adsorb a large amount of water and nutrient components, the water and the nutrient components can be released after the soil is dried, the seeds are kept to grow in a relatively stable environment, the influence on grape seedlings caused by overhigh or overlow water is avoided, the survival rate of the seedlings is improved, and the film covering is carried out after the sowing, so that the effects of water retention and; and after the seeds germinate, the mulching film is punctured, the grape bud seedlings extend out of the mulching film, the seedlings are exposed out of the mulching film, meanwhile, the residual mulching film still has the effects of water and fertilizer retention, the growth of the seedlings is accelerated, the seedling raising efficiency of the grape seeds is improved, and conventional management is carried out in the later stage to obtain the grape seedlings.
Example 2
A seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of grape seeds comprises the following steps:
placing the collected grape seeds into an enzymolysis solution, keeping the pectinase content of the enzymolysis solution at 0.05%, stirring for 2.5h at 33 ℃, decomposing residual pectin components on the surfaces of the seeds, facilitating the permeation of external treatment liquid and nutrient solution, accelerating the treatment process of the seeds, taking out, washing with clear water, and freeze-drying until the water content is 24% to obtain enzymolysis seeds; placing the enzymolysis seeds in an incubator, uniformly spraying a sodium selenite solution, wherein the mass percentage concentration of the sodium selenite solution is 1.2%, the spraying amount is 18% of the weight of the enzymolysis seeds, adjusting the temperature to 8 ℃, keeping the humidity to 63%, standing for 9d, adjusting the temperature and the humidity of the incubator after uniformly spraying the sodium selenite solution on the surface, so that the sodium selenite is uniformly contacted with the seeds and slowly permeates into the seeds, reducing the respiratory capacity of the seeds and reducing the energy consumed by the seeds under the condition of lower temperature and humidity, simultaneously improving the oxidation resistance of the seeds by the sodium selenite, keeping enough energy of the seeds to maintain the activity of germs under the condition of lower respiration, facilitating the rapid germination after sowing, shortening the germination period of the seeds, and obtaining dormant seeds; and then, still placing the dormant seeds in a constant temperature box, adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature box to be 20 ℃, spraying a germination accelerating liquid to keep the humidity of the constant temperature box to be 74%, wherein the germination accelerating liquid is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: zinc sulfate 23, ferric sulfate 17, manganese sulfate 12, citric acid 6, lysozyme 0.8 and water 1500, carrying out dark treatment for 4d, spraying a germination accelerating solution in the germination accelerating process, improving the temperature and humidity of a thermostat, facilitating the absorption of seeds to the germination accelerating solution, wherein the germination accelerating solution contains various inorganic and organic components, accelerating the growth of embryonic roots and embryos of the seeds, and promoting the germination of the seeds to obtain the germination accelerating seeds; uniformly mixing the germination accelerating seeds and activated carbon, wherein the particle size of the activated carbon is 2-5 mm, after the seeds are sowed in soil, the thickness of the covered soil on the surface is 2-3 cm, sowing water is thoroughly poured, the sowing water is put into the preparation method, EM bacteria are added into the water and stirred to be completely uniform, the mass percentage concentration of the EM bacteria is 2.5%, a mulching film is covered, the sowing water contains the EM bacteria, the fermentation can generate rich organic matter components, the growth of radicles and embryos of grape seeds is accelerated, the added activated carbon can adsorb a large amount of water and nutrient components, the water and the nutrient components can be released after the soil is dried, the seeds are kept in a relatively stable environment, the influence on grape seedlings caused by overhigh or overlow water is avoided, the survival rate of the seedlings is improved, film covering is carried out after sowing, the effects of water retention and fertilizer retention are achieved, and; and after the seeds germinate, the mulching film is punctured, the grape bud seedlings extend out of the mulching film, the seedlings are exposed out of the mulching film, meanwhile, the residual mulching film still has the effects of water and fertilizer retention, the growth of the seedlings is accelerated, the seedling raising efficiency of the grape seeds is improved, and conventional management is carried out in the later stage to obtain the grape seedlings.
Example 3
A seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of grape seeds comprises the following steps:
placing the collected grape seeds in an enzymolysis solution, keeping the pectinase content of the enzymolysis solution at 0.06%, stirring for 3h at 35 ℃ to decompose residual pectin components on the surfaces of the seeds, facilitating the permeation of external treatment liquid and nutrient solution, accelerating the treatment process of the seeds, taking out, washing with clear water, and freeze-drying until the water content is 26% to obtain enzymolysis seeds; placing the enzymolysis seeds in an incubator, uniformly spraying a sodium selenite solution, wherein the mass percentage concentration of the sodium selenite solution is 1.3%, the spraying amount is 19% of the weight of the enzymolysis seeds, adjusting the temperature to 9 ℃, keeping the humidity to 65%, standing for 10d, adjusting the temperature and the humidity of the incubator after uniformly spraying the sodium selenite solution on the surface, enabling the sodium selenite to uniformly contact with the seeds and slowly permeate into the seeds, reducing the respiratory capacity of the seeds and reducing the energy consumed by the seeds under the condition of lower temperature and humidity, simultaneously improving the oxidation resistance of the seeds by the sodium selenite, keeping enough energy of the seeds to maintain the activity of germs under the condition of lower respiration, facilitating the rapid germination after sowing, shortening the germination period of the seeds, and obtaining dormant seeds; and then, still placing the dormant seeds in a constant temperature box, adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature box to be 21 ℃, spraying a germination accelerating liquid to keep the humidity of the constant temperature box to be 76%, wherein the germination accelerating liquid is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: zinc sulfate 24, ferric sulfate 18, manganese sulfate 13, citric acid 7, lysozyme 0.9 and water 1600, carrying out dark treatment for 5d, spraying a germination accelerating solution in the germination accelerating process, improving the temperature and humidity of a thermostat, facilitating the absorption of seeds to the germination accelerating solution, wherein the germination accelerating solution contains various inorganic and organic components, accelerating the growth of embryonic roots and embryos of the seeds, and promoting the germination of the seeds to obtain the germination accelerating seeds; uniformly mixing the germination accelerating seeds and the activated carbon, wherein the particle size of the activated carbon is 2-5 mm, after the seeds are sowed in soil, the surface of the seeds is covered with 2-3 cm of soil, sowing water is thoroughly poured, the sowing water is put into the water, EM bacteria are added into the water and stirred to be completely uniform, the mass percentage concentration of the EM bacteria is 3%, mulching films are covered, the sowing water contains the EM bacteria, the fermentation can generate rich organic matter components, the growth of radicles and embryos of grape seeds is accelerated, the added activated carbon can adsorb a large amount of water and nutrient components, the water and the nutrient components can be released after the soil is dried, the seeds are kept to grow in a relatively stable environment, the influence on grape seedlings caused by overhigh or overlow water is avoided, the survival rate of the seedlings is improved, and the film covering is carried out after the sowing, so that the effects of water retention and; and after the seeds germinate, the mulching film is punctured, the grape bud seedlings extend out of the mulching film, the seedlings are exposed out of the mulching film, meanwhile, the residual mulching film still has the effects of water and fertilizer retention, the growth of the seedlings is accelerated, the seedling raising efficiency of the grape seeds is improved, and conventional management is carried out in the later stage to obtain the grape seedlings.
Control group
The prior patent document CN107371458A discloses a sand storage method for improving germination rate of grape seeds.
The germination effect of grape seeds is as follows:
grape seeds of the example and the control group are randomly selected, 100 seeds are selected in each group, sand-stored grape seeds obtained by planting after germination acceleration in the example and treatment of the control group are sowed in a field, the substrate is purchased from a golden seedling substrate factory in Shouguang, sowing is carried out according to the method of the application to calculate the germination rate and the germination time, each test is repeated for 3 times, the results are averaged, and the germination effect of the grape seeds is shown in table 1.
Table 1: germinating effect of grape seeds
The results in table 1 show that the seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of grape seeds in the embodiment has short germination time and high germination rate, which indicates that the seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of grape seeds provided by the invention has good seedling raising effect.
Claims (6)
1. A seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of grape seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) enzymolysis: placing the collected grape seeds in an enzymolysis liquid, preserving heat at 30-35 ℃, stirring for 2-3 hours, taking out, washing with clear water, and freeze-drying until the water content is 22-26% to obtain enzymolysis seeds;
(2) dormancy: placing the enzymolysis seeds in an incubator, uniformly spraying a sodium selenite solution, adjusting the temperature to 7-9 ℃, keeping the humidity to 60-65%, and standing for 8-10 days to obtain dormant seeds;
(3) accelerating germination: still placing the dormant seeds in a constant temperature box, adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature box to be 19-21 ℃, spraying a germination accelerating liquid to keep the humidity of the constant temperature box to be 72-76%, and carrying out dark treatment for 3-5 days to obtain germination accelerating seeds;
(4) sowing: uniformly mixing the germination accelerating seeds with activated carbon, sowing the seeds in soil, covering the surface of the seeds with soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm, thoroughly watering the seeds, and covering with a mulching film to obtain sowed seeds;
(5) management: and after the seeds germinate, tearing the mulching film to enable the grape sprouts to stretch out of the mulching film, and performing conventional management in the later stage to obtain the grape seedlings.
2. A seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of grape seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the enzymolysis liquid in the step (1) contains 0.04-0.06% of pectinase.
3. A seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of grape seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sodium selenite solution in the step (2) has a mass percentage concentration of 1.1-1.3%, and the spraying amount is 17-19% of the weight of the enzymolysis seeds.
4. A seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of grape seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the germination accelerating liquid in the step (3) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-24 parts of zinc sulfate, 16-18 parts of ferric sulfate, 11-13 parts of manganese sulfate, 5-7 parts of citric acid, 0.7-0.9 part of lysozyme and 1400-1600 parts of water.
5. A seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of grape seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the activated carbon in the step (4) has a particle size of 2-5 mm.
6. A seedling raising method for improving the germination rate of grape seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeding water in the step (4) is prepared by adding EM (effective microorganisms) into water, and stirring until the EM is completely and uniformly stirred, so that the mass percentage concentration of the EM is 2-3%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112868462A (en) * | 2020-12-27 | 2021-06-01 | 张家港果匠新农人农业技术发展有限公司 | Improved grape planting method and process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112868462A (en) * | 2020-12-27 | 2021-06-01 | 张家港果匠新农人农业技术发展有限公司 | Improved grape planting method and process |
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Application publication date: 20200731 |