CN111418293A - Crop seed and fertilizer space ectopic co-sowing machine with comprehensive saline-alkali soil improvement function and application method thereof - Google Patents
Crop seed and fertilizer space ectopic co-sowing machine with comprehensive saline-alkali soil improvement function and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111418293A CN111418293A CN202010433613.XA CN202010433613A CN111418293A CN 111418293 A CN111418293 A CN 111418293A CN 202010433613 A CN202010433613 A CN 202010433613A CN 111418293 A CN111418293 A CN 111418293A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
- A01C5/064—Devices for making drills or furrows with rotating tools
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/06—Seeders combined with fertilising apparatus
Abstract
The invention discloses a crop seed and fertilizer space ectopic co-sowing machine with a comprehensive saline-alkali soil improvement function, which comprises a frame connected with a traction device, a rotary tillage device, a seed and fertilizer co-sowing device and a land leveling and soil preparation device, wherein the rotary tillage device, the seed and fertilizer co-sowing device and the land leveling and soil preparation device are arranged on the frame in sequence; the seed and fertilizer co-sowing device comprises a seed and fertilizer box and a seed and fertilizer gearbox arranged on one side of the seed and fertilizer box, wherein the seed and fertilizer box comprises a seed box, an organic fertilizer box and a controlled-release blending fertilizer box, the lower ends of the seed box, the organic fertilizer box and the controlled-release blending fertilizer box are respectively provided with a hopper, and each hopper is respectively connected with a furrow opener through a discharge pipe; the discharge pipe comprises an organic fertilizer discharge pipe, a controlled-release mixed fertilizer discharge pipe and a seed discharge pipe which are installed in a staggered mode, so that the organic fertilizer, the controlled-release mixed fertilizer and the seeds applied to the soil are not on the same horizontal plane or the same vertical plane. The invention can realize the spatial dislocation of the organic fertilizer, the controlled-release blended fertilizer and the seeds, and can play a great role in the improvement of the saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical equipment, in particular to a crop seed and fertilizer space ectopic co-seeder with a comprehensive saline-alkali soil improvement function and an application method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the problems of soil salinization and secondary salinization are widely existed in the world, and particularly, the problems are more serious in arid and semiarid regions. Salt and alkali stress caused by soil salinization has become a resource restriction factor for sustainable development of world irrigation agriculture. Therefore, the improvement of saline-alkali soil becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
The existing saline-alkali soil improvement mode is generally to carry out biological improvement or additionally apply organic fertilizer. Improving the salt tolerance of plants is one of the biological improvement measures, and the application of plant immunity inducer is the main means for improving the salt tolerance of plants in recent years. The plant immunity inducer is combined with seed coating, cladding and pelleting, so that seed germination and conditioned crop growth can be stimulated, the salt tolerance of crops can be improved, and the biological improvement purpose of saline-alkali soil can be effectively achieved. In addition, when the organic fertilizer is additionally applied, the utilization rate of the organic fertilizer is low due to common spreading, the effect is relatively poor, and the organic fertilizer is easily mixed with the controlled-release blended fertilizer to weaken the respective effect, so that the organic fertilizer needs to be deeply applied and forms an ectopic structure with the controlled-release blended fertilizer in space.
The current fertilization mode is mainly manual operation, the labor intensity of the manual operation in the fertilization process is high, the area for one-time fertilization is small, the fertilization efficiency is low, and the deep fertilization treatment of the organic fertilizer is completed by mechanical equipment, so that the machine for synchronously sowing the crop seeds and the fertilizer in different places with the comprehensive improvement function of the saline-alkali soil is urgently needed. Although the prior fertilizing machine for the salinized soil is available, the deep ploughing of 350-400 mm on the soil can not be carried out, the application requirement of the organic fertilizer in the soil can not be met, and the purpose of spatial ectopy of the organic fertilizer, other fertilizers and seeds can not be achieved; moreover, the existing machinery can not perform better quantitative control when simultaneously sowing seeds and fertilizers, easily causes the phenomena of excessive seeds, missed sowing and excessive fertilizer application, causes the non-standard crop planting and environmental pollution, and can not play a good role in improving the saline-alkali soil; in addition, the traditional seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine is easy to damage the coated seeds, the encrusted seeds and the pelleted seeds.
CN105144954A discloses a saline and alkaline land is with fertilizer injection unit, and the device is equipped with rotatable fertilization bucket on the bracket to at the surface one side connecting position adjusting device of fertilization bucket, adjust the inclination of fertilization bucket and enlarge the region of fertilizeing through rotating the fertilization bucket, improve the speed of fertilizeing. However, the device has single function, only improves the operation efficiency, can not realize biological improvement, does not directly act on the saline-alkali soil, can not meet the requirement of deep ploughing, and has weak saline-alkali soil improvement effect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a crop seed and fertilizer space ectopic co-seeder with the comprehensive saline-alkali soil improvement function. The crop seed and fertilizer spatial ectopic co-seeder is suitable for seeding crops such as wheat, corn and the like on various terrains, can simultaneously realize seeding and fertilizing while realizing rotary tillage and soil loosening, can integrate multiple functions such as rotary tillage, ditching, seeding, fertilizing, pressing, earthing, flat land and the like, can realize spatial ectopic of an organic fertilizer, a controlled-release mixed fertilizer and seeds, and can adjust micro distance according to actual conditions. The machine successfully reduces the crop planting link, avoids the defect that the matched power enters the ground for multiple times, reduces the possibility of soil hardening, maintains the soil moisture to the maximum extent, and creates favorable conditions for the germination and soil breaking of crops in the later period.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a crop seed and fertilizer space ectopic co-sowing machine with a comprehensive saline-alkali soil improvement function, which comprises a frame connected with a traction device, a rotary tillage device, a seed and fertilizer co-sowing device and a land leveling and soil preparation device, wherein the rotary tillage device, the seed and fertilizer co-sowing device and the land leveling and soil preparation device are arranged on the frame in sequence; the seed and fertilizer co-sowing device comprises a seed and fertilizer box and a seed and fertilizer gearbox arranged on one side of the seed and fertilizer box, wherein the seed and fertilizer box comprises a seed box, an organic fertilizer box and a controlled-release blending fertilizer box, the lower ends of the seed box, the organic fertilizer box and the controlled-release blending fertilizer box are respectively provided with a hopper, and each hopper is respectively connected with a furrow opener through a discharge pipe; the discharge pipe comprises an organic fertilizer discharge pipe, a controlled-release mixed fertilizer discharge pipe and a seed discharge pipe which are installed in a staggered mode, so that the organic fertilizer, the controlled-release mixed fertilizer and the seeds applied to the soil are not on the same horizontal plane or the same vertical plane.
Preferably, the rotary tillage device comprises a rotary tillage gearbox, a rotary tillage main shaft and a rotary tillage blade arranged on the rotary tillage main shaft; the input end of the rotary tillage gearbox is connected with a power output shaft of the traction device, and the output end of the rotary tillage gearbox is connected with the rotary tillage main shaft through a transmission mechanism.
Preferably, the transmission mechanism is a chain wheel and chain type transmission. The traction device is a tractor with power larger than 30Kw, power input is provided for the whole machine through the traction device, and a power output shaft of the traction device is connected with the input end of the rotary tillage gearbox through a universal joint. The traction device provides power input for the rotary tillage device, and an output shaft of the rotary tillage gearbox drives a rotary tillage blade main shaft and a rotary tillage blade to rotate through chain transmission of a chain wheel to carry out rotary tillage and soil loosening.
Preferably, the rotary tillage cutter is made of 65Mn spring steel, the density is small, the yield strength is high, the width A of the cutter handle is 55mm, the diameter D of the cutter shaft hole is 20mm, the edge distance F of the cutter shaft hole is 40mm, and the rotation radius R is 200 mm; the height h of the tangent plane is 80 mm; the cutting edge thickness is 15 mm. The size of the rotary blade can meet the deep fertilization requirement of the organic fertilizer, and the rotary blade and the controlled-release mixed fertilizer can conveniently form a space ectopic structure.
Preferably, the rotary tillage blades comprise multiple groups, the multiple groups of rotary tillage blades are arranged along the rotary tillage main shaft, and the number of blades of each group of rotary tillage blades is 8-10.
Preferably, the hopper of the seed box is connected with the disc furrow opener through a seed discharging pipe, the hopper of the organic fertilizer box is connected with the organic fertilizer plough surface furrow opener through an organic fertilizer discharging pipe, and the hopper of the controlled-release mixing fertilizer box is connected with the controlled-release mixing fertilizer plough surface furrow opener through a controlled-release mixing fertilizer discharging pipe. The rotary tillage device and the organic fertilizer plough surface furrow opener are matched for use, so that the tillage depth can reach 350-400 mm, and the application requirement of the organic fertilizer in soil is met.
Preferably, the included angle of the organic fertilizer plough face furrow opener during the soil entering process is 30 degrees, and the included angle of the controlled-release mixed fertilizer plough face furrow opener during the soil entering process is 15 degrees. On the premise of ensuring the strength of the furrow opener, the ditching depth of the organic fertilizer and the soil penetration depth of the controlled-release blended fertilizer can be achieved, and the soil penetration resistance and better soil penetration performance of the furrow opener can be reduced.
Preferably, the two disks of the disk furrow opener are installed at an angle, so that weed congestion is avoided, and the seed miss-seeding rate is effectively reduced.
Preferably, an output shaft of the seed manure gearbox is connected with a blanking auxiliary shaft, and a blanking auxiliary gear is mounted on the blanking auxiliary shaft. The seed and fertilizer gearbox acts to drive the auxiliary blanking shaft to rotate, so that the auxiliary blanking gear is driven to assist seeds or fertilizer to smoothly fall into the discharge pipe. The unloading auxiliary gear is flexible rubber material, has effectively solved the seed and has been crowded rotten and the problem of card kind, has reduced the breakage rate of seed.
Preferably, the number of the auxiliary blanking shafts is three, each auxiliary blanking shaft is provided with an auxiliary blanking gear, and the three auxiliary blanking gears are correspondingly arranged at the lower ends of the three hoppers one by one. The three blanking auxiliary shafts realize synchronous rotation through transmission gear transmission. The seeds, the organic fertilizer and the controlled-release mixed fertilizer respectively fall into the grooves formed by the disc furrow opener, the organic fertilizer plough surface furrow opener and the controlled-release mixed fertilizer plough surface furrow opener through respective discharge pipes, and then the seeds and the fertilizer are covered with soil by the soil return flow.
Preferably, the flat ground land preparation device comprises a soil crushing rotating roller, a land preparation rotating roller and a flat floor which are sequentially arranged from front to back; the soil preparation roller is connected with the input end of the seed and fertilizer gearbox through a rotating shaft; universal joints are respectively arranged at two ends of the rotating shaft, and the two universal joints are respectively connected with the rotating shaft of the soil preparation rotating roller and the input end of the seed manure gearbox. The rotary roller for soil preparation rotates to drive the seed fertilizer gearbox to move, so that seed fertilizer discharging is realized.
Preferably, the pipe diameter of the organic fertilizer discharging pipe is 50mm, the pipe diameter of the controlled release bulk blending fertilizer discharging pipe is 45mm, and the pipe diameter of the seed discharging pipe is 40 mm. Can effectively avoid the blockage problems of organic fertilizer, controlled release mixed fertilizer and seeds.
Preferably, a plurality of crushing boards are installed on the hack rotating roller, the plurality of crushing boards are uniformly installed on the hack rotating roller, and each crushing board is arranged at an angle with the long shaft of the hack rotating roller. This facilitates the screening of soil and weeds.
Preferably, the seed box, the organic fertilizer box and the controlled-release blended fertilizer box are all made of mirror stainless steel, so that the service life is prolonged.
Preferably, a pedal is arranged on the rack at the rear end of the seed and fertilizer box, so that the seed or fertilizer can be conveniently poured by manually standing on the pedal, the operation is convenient, the fatigue is reduced, and the operation efficiency is improved.
Preferably, four through holes are uniformly distributed in the land preparation roller along the long axis direction of the land preparation roller, so that the self weight is reduced while the land preparation is met.
Preferably, the lower end of the flat floor is of a tooth-shaped structure, and the flat-land effect is achieved through the tooth-shaped structure at the lower end of the flat floor, so that later-stage irrigation and film covering operation are facilitated.
The second aspect of the invention provides an application method of the seed and fertilizer space ectopic co-seeder, which comprises the following steps:
(1) before actual operation, seeds, controlled-release blended fertilizers and organic fertilizers are respectively put into a seed box, a controlled-release blended fertilizer box and an organic fertilizer box, wherein the seeds are combined with the plant immunity resistance inducer through coating, cladding and pelleting;
(2) the traction device provides power to drive the rotary tillage device to carry out rotary tillage and loosen the soil, the seeds, the organic fertilizer and the controlled-release mixed fertilizer respectively enter the grooves formed by the furrow opener through the discharge pipes, then the soil return flow is used for covering the seeds, the organic fertilizer and the controlled-release mixed fertilizer, and then the land leveling device is used for realizing soil crushing, soil covering compaction and land leveling to complete the work of seeding and fertilizing.
Preferably, the sowing depth of the seeds is 10-15 cm, the application depth of the organic fertilizer is 35-40 cm, the application depth of the controlled-release blended fertilizer is 15-20 cm, and the parallel distance between the controlled-release blended fertilizer and the seeds is 5-10 cm.
Preferably, the plant immunity inducer is any one or combination of brassinolide, melatonin, betaine and fulvic acid.
Preferably, the controlled-release blended fertilizer comprises, but is not limited to, controlled-release urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and the organic fertilizer is one or more of fermented crop straws, chicken manure, fruit residues and leftovers.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention can realize the seeding and fertilizing of crops such as wheat and corn at the same time of realizing rotary tillage and loosening the soil, and the invention integrates the design concepts of rotary tillage, ditching, seeding, fertilizing, pressing, earthing, flat land and the like into a whole, reduces the planting production link, avoids the defect that a matched machine enters the ground for many times, reduces the possibility of soil hardening, keeps the soil moisture to the maximum extent, and creates favorable conditions for the germination and soil breaking of later-period crops; rotary cultivator attachment and furrow opener cooperation use, and the depth of ploughing can reach 350 ~ 400mm, satisfies the fertilizer and uses the degree of depth, can realize fertilizer, controlled release mixing fertilizer and seed three space dystopy to carry out source control to the salinity, prevent crop seedling stage salinity damage, maintain crop cell osmotic pressure balance, improve soil physics structure, increase soil organic matter content, and then promote agricultural sustainable development, can play great effect in the saline and alkaline land improvement.
(2) By applying organic fertilizers such as fermented crop straws and chicken manure, the physical structure of soil can be improved, rainfall and irrigation are accelerated to wash basic ions downwards, and the organic matter content of the soil is increased; by applying the plant immunity inducer, the saline-alkali resistance of crops can be enhanced, the osmotic pressure balance of cells can be maintained, and the biological improvement of saline-alkali soil can be realized.
(3) The invention adopts low-power as a traction device, reduces resource consumption and pollutant gas emission, and conforms to a resource-saving, environment-friendly working mode; secondly, a seed fertilizer gearbox is designed, so that the seeding speed is high and is 2-3 times faster than that of the traditional seeding machine; the quantitative control can be carried out on the seeds and the fertilizer according to the actual requirements, and the situation that the traditional machinery only can increase the blanking amount by increasing the moving speed of the traction device is avoided; because the standardization degree of the row spacing, the plant spacing and the depth is high, the high standard requirements of full seedlings, neat seedlings and uniform seedlings are more easily met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a left side view structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a front view of the rotary blade of the present invention; in the figure, A is the width of the cutter handle, F is the edge distance of the cutter shaft hole, D is the diameter of the cutter shaft hole, R is the rotating radius, h is the height of the tangent plane.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing spatial dislocation of a controlled release mixed fertilizer box, an organic fertilizer discharging pipe and a controlled release mixed fertilizer discharging pipe according to the present invention.
Shown in the figure:
1. the device comprises a frame, 2, a rotary tillage gearbox, 3, a rotary tillage spindle, 4, a rotary tillage cutter, 5, a seed fertilizer gearbox, 6, a seed box, 7, an organic fertilizer box, 8, a controlled-release mixed fertilizer box, 9, an organic fertilizer discharging pipe, 10, a controlled-release mixed fertilizer discharging pipe, 11, a seed discharging pipe, 12, a disc opener, 13, an organic fertilizer plough face opener, 14, a controlled-release mixed fertilizer plough face opener, 15, a pedal, 16, a soil crushing rotary roller, 17, a soil preparation rotary roller, 18, a flat floor, 19, a rotating shaft, 20, an operating rod, 21 and an adjusting bolt.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
As described in the background section, deep application is required when the organic fertilizer is applied, and an ectopic structure is formed in space with the controlled-release mixed fertilizer. The current fertilization mode is mainly manual operation, the labor intensity of the manual operation in the fertilization process is high, the one-time fertilization area is small, the fertilization efficiency is low, and the deep fertilization treatment of the organic fertilizer is completed by mechanical equipment. Most of the existing fertilizing machines can not realize 350-400 mm deep ploughing of soil, can not realize the application requirement of organic fertilizer in the soil, and further can not achieve the purpose of spatial ectopy of the organic fertilizer, other fertilizers and seeds; in addition, the existing machine can not perform better quantitative control when simultaneously sowing seeds and fertilizers, easily causes the phenomena of excessive seeds, missed sowing and excessive fertilizer application, causes the non-standard crop planting and environmental pollution, and can not play a good role in improving the saline-alkali soil.
Based on the technical scheme, the space and the ectopic co-sowing machine for the crop seeds and the fertilizer with the comprehensive saline-alkali soil improvement function is designed, the machine is suitable for sowing the crops such as wheat and corn on various terrains, a seed box hopper and a fertilizer box hopper are separated, and the machine is made of mirror surface stainless steel, durable and attractive.
The invention discloses a crop seed and fertilizer space ectopic co-sowing machine with saline-alkali soil comprehensive improvement function, which has the following main technical improvement points in structure:
the rotary tillage device and the furrow opener device are matched for use, the tillage depth can reach 350-400 mm, the application depth of the organic fertilizer is met, the spatial heterotropic structure of the organic fertilizer, the controlled-release mixed fertilizer and seeds is realized, and the micro distance can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
Secondly, design seed manure gearbox, can carry out quantitative control to seed and fertilizer according to actual demand, broken away from traditional machinery and can only rely on the moving speed that increases draw gear to increase the unloading volume.
And thirdly, the pipe diameters of the organic fertilizer pipe, the controlled-release mixed fertilizer pipe and the seed pipe are respectively designed to be 50mm, 45mm and 40mm, so that different application depths of the organic fertilizer, the controlled-release mixed fertilizer and the seeds are realized.
And fourthly, the sowing gear is designed to be made of flexible rubber, so that the problems of seed crushing and seed clamping are solved, and the breakage rate of the seeds is reduced.
And fifthly, the bottom end of the seed material pipe adopts two disc type furrow openers and is installed at a certain angle, the traditional furrow opener is abandoned in the design, the weed congestion is avoided, the seed miss-seeding rate is effectively reduced, and the high standard requirement of crop planting is met.
In conclusion, the crop seed and fertilizer space ex-situ co-sowing machine with the comprehensive saline-alkali soil improvement function can integrate multiple functions of rotary tillage, ditching, sowing, fertilizing, pressing, earthing, flat land and the like, and can realize space ex-situ of organic fertilizer, controlled-release mixed fertilizer and seeds, thereby performing source control on salinity, preventing salinity damage of crops in the seedling stage, maintaining osmotic pressure balance of crop cells, improving the physical structure of soil and increasing the content of organic matters in the soil.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the crop seed and fertilizer space ectopic co-sowing machine with the comprehensive saline-alkali soil improvement function comprises a frame 1, a rotary tillage device, a seed and fertilizer co-sowing device and a land leveling device, which are arranged on the frame 1 in sequence.
The rotary tillage device comprises a rotary tillage gearbox 2, a rotary tillage main shaft 3 and a rotary tillage blade 4 arranged on the rotary tillage main shaft 3. The input end of the rotary tillage gearbox 2 is connected with the power output shaft of the traction device, the output end of the rotary tillage gearbox 2 is connected with the rotary tillage main shaft 3 through a transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism is specifically in chain wheel and chain transmission. In this embodiment, the traction device is a tractor with a power greater than 30Kw, and provides power input for the whole machine through the traction device, and a power output shaft of the traction device is connected with an input end of the rotary tillage gearbox 2 through a universal joint. The traction device provides power input for the rotary tillage device, and the output shaft of the rotary tillage gearbox 2 drives the main shaft of the rotary tillage blade 4 and the rotary tillage blade 4 to rotate through chain transmission of the chain wheel to carry out rotary tillage and soil loosening.
The rotary tillage cutter 4 is made of 65Mn spring steel, is small in density and large in yield strength, and as shown in fig. 4, the width A of the cutter handle is 55mm, the diameter D of the cutter shaft hole is 20mm, the edge distance F of the cutter shaft hole is 40mm, and the rotation radius R is 200 mm; the height h of the tangent plane is 80 mm; the cutting edge thickness is 15 mm. The rotary tillage blades 4 comprise multiple groups, the multiple groups of rotary tillage blades 4 are arranged along the rotary tillage main shaft 3, and the number of blades of each group of rotary tillage blades 4 is 8-10.
The seed and fertilizer co-sowing device comprises a seed and fertilizer box and a seed and fertilizer gearbox 5 arranged on one side of the seed and fertilizer box, wherein the seed and fertilizer box comprises a seed box 6, an organic fertilizer box 7 and a controlled-release mixing fertilizer box 8, the lower ends of the seed box 6, the organic fertilizer box 7 and the controlled-release mixing fertilizer box 8 are respectively provided with a hopper, and each hopper is respectively connected with a furrow opener through a discharge pipe; the discharging pipe comprises an organic fertilizer discharging pipe 9, a controlled-release blending fertilizer discharging pipe 10 and a seed discharging pipe 11 which are installed in a staggered mode, so that the organic fertilizer, the controlled-release blending fertilizer and seeds applied to the soil are not on the same horizontal plane or the same vertical plane, and form spatial dislocation with the controlled-release blending fertilizer on the basis of meeting the deep fertilization requirement of the organic fertilizer. The sowing depth of the seeds is 10-15 cm, the application depth of the organic fertilizer is 35-40 cm, the application depth of the controlled-release blended fertilizer is 15-20 cm, and the parallel distance between the controlled-release blended fertilizer and the seeds is 5-10 cm.
The hopper of the seed box 6 is connected with a disc furrow opener 12 through a seed discharge pipe 11, the hopper of the organic fertilizer box 7 is connected with an organic fertilizer plough surface furrow opener 13 through an organic fertilizer discharge pipe 9, and the hopper of the controlled release mixing fertilizer box 8 is connected with a controlled release mixing fertilizer plough surface furrow opener 14 through a controlled release mixing fertilizer discharge pipe 10. The hopper is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, so that seeds and fertilizers can smoothly fall into the discharge pipe.
The two disks of the disk furrow opener 12 are installed at an angle, so that weed congestion is avoided, the miss-seeding rate of seeds is effectively reduced, and the high-standard requirement of crop planting is met. The included angle of the organic fertilizer plough face furrow opener 13 during the digging process is 30 degrees, the included angle of the controlled release mixed fertilizer plough face furrow opener 14 during the digging process is 15 degrees, under the premise of ensuring the strength of the furrow opener, the ditching depth of the organic fertilizer and the digging depth of the controlled release mixed fertilizer can be achieved, and the digging resistance of the furrow opener and the better soil digging performance can be reduced.
An output shaft of the seed fertilizer gearbox 5 is connected with a blanking auxiliary shaft, and a blanking auxiliary gear is installed on the blanking auxiliary shaft. The seed and fertilizer gearbox 5 acts to drive the auxiliary blanking shaft to rotate, so that the auxiliary blanking gear is driven to assist seeds or fertilizer to smoothly fall into the discharge pipe. The unloading auxiliary gear is flexible rubber material, can effectively reduce the breakage rate of seed.
In this embodiment, the unloading auxiliary shaft is three, all installs unloading auxiliary gear on every unloading auxiliary shaft, and three unloading auxiliary gear one-to-one installs at three hopper lower extreme, and three unloading auxiliary shaft passes through the transmission gear transmission and realizes synchronous rotation. The seeds, the organic fertilizer and the controlled-release mixed fertilizer respectively fall into the grooves formed by the disc furrow opener 12, the organic fertilizer plough surface furrow opener 13 and the controlled-release mixed fertilizer plough surface furrow opener 14 through respective discharge pipes, and then the seeds and the fertilizer are covered with soil by the soil return flow.
The seed box 6, the organic fertilizer box 7 and the controlled-release mixed fertilizer box 8 are all made of mirror stainless steel, so that the service life is prolonged. In view of the problems of different application depths of the organic fertilizer, the controlled-release blended fertilizer and the seeds and avoiding blockage, the pipe diameter of the organic fertilizer discharging pipe 9 is 50mm, the pipe diameter of the controlled-release blended fertilizer discharging pipe 10 is 45mm, and the pipe diameter of the seed discharging pipe 11 is 40 mm.
Install footboard 15 on the frame 1 of seed manure case rear end, the manual work of being convenient for stands and pours seed or fertilizer on footboard 15, and convenient operation alleviates fatigue, improves the operating efficiency.
The flat ground land preparation device comprises a soil crushing rotary roller 16, a land preparation rotary roller 17 and a flat floor 18 which are sequentially arranged in front and back. Install a plurality of crushing boards on hack changes roller 16, a plurality of crushing boards are evenly installed on hack changes roller 16, and every crushing board all changes roller 16 major axis with the hack and is the angle setting, can be convenient for hack and ruderal screening like this.
Four through holes are uniformly distributed on the soil preparation roller 17 along the long axis direction of the soil preparation roller, so that the soil preparation is realized, and the self weight is reduced. The soil preparation roller 17 is connected with the input end of the seed and fertilizer gearbox 5 through a rotating shaft 19, universal joints are respectively installed at two ends of the rotating shaft 19, and the two universal joints are respectively connected with the rotating shaft of the soil preparation roller 17 and the input end of the seed and fertilizer gearbox 5. The soil preparation roller 17 rotates to drive the seed fertilizer gearbox 5 to move, and seed fertilizer discharging is achieved.
The control rod 20 is installed on the seed and fertilizer gearbox 5, the control rod 20 is connected with a middle shaft in the seed and fertilizer gearbox 5 through adjusting the control rod 20, gears with different tooth numbers are installed on the middle shaft, gears with different tooth numbers are also installed on an output shaft of the seed and fertilizer gearbox, the output shaft of the seed and fertilizer gearbox is connected with the blanking auxiliary shaft, the middle shaft is meshed with the gears with different tooth numbers on the output shaft of the seed and fertilizer gearbox through adjusting the control rod, the rotating speed of the blanking auxiliary shaft can be changed through changing a transmission ratio, and then the purpose of changing the rotating speeds of the blanking auxiliary shaft and the blanking auxiliary gear is achieved. The quantitative control device can conveniently adjust different speeds of the feeding auxiliary shaft and the feeding auxiliary gear, further realize the quantitative control of seeds, controlled-release blended fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and has simple operation and high humanized degree.
The adjusting bolts 21 are installed on the frame 1, the heights of the soil preparation rotating roller 17 and the soil crushing rotating roller 16 can be adjusted according to the actual operation height through the adjusting bolts 21, and the applicability is high. The lower end of the flat floor 18 is of a tooth-shaped structure, and the tooth-shaped structure at the lower end of the flat floor 18 is used for achieving the ground leveling effect, so that later-stage pouring and film covering operations are facilitated.
The application method of the crop seed manure space ectopic co-seeder with the comprehensive saline-alkali soil improvement function comprises the following steps:
1) before actual operation, seeds, controlled-release mixed fertilizers and organic fertilizers are respectively placed in a seed box 6, a controlled-release mixed fertilizer box 8 and an organic fertilizer box 7 before actual operation, wherein the seeds are combined with plant immunity inducer through coating, encrusting and pelleting, and the plant immunity inducer is any one or combination of more of brassinolide, melatonin, betaine and fulvic acid; the controlled-release blended fertilizer comprises but is not limited to controlled-release urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and the organic fertilizer is one or more of fermented crop straws, chicken manure, fruit residues and leftovers;
2) the traction device provides power to drive the rotary tillage device to carry out rotary tillage and loosen soil, the soil preparation rotary roller 17 rotates to drive the seed fertilizer gearbox 5 to work through the rotating shaft 19, the seed fertilizer gearbox 5 drives the blanking auxiliary shaft to rotate, so that seeds, organic fertilizers and controlled-release mixed fertilizers respectively fall in grooves formed by the disc furrow opener 12, the organic fertilizer plough surface furrow opener 13 and the controlled-release mixed fertilizer plough surface furrow opener 14 through the seed discharge pipe 11, the organic fertilizer discharge pipe 9 and the controlled-release mixed fertilizer discharge pipe 10, soil covering of the seeds and the fertilizers is carried out through soil return flow, then soil crushing is carried out on large soil blocks through the soil crushing rotary roller 16, soil covering and compacting are carried out again through the soil preparation rotary roller 17, and finally land leveling is carried out through the land leveling plate 18 to complete sowing and fertilizing work.
Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the undescribed technical features of the present invention can be implemented by or using the prior art, and will not be described herein again; the above embodiments and drawings are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and shall also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Have crop kind fertile space dystopy with machine of improving function is synthesized to saline-alkali soil concurrently, including frame (1) that is connected with draw gear, its characterized in that: the rotary cultivator is arranged on the frame (1) and sequentially comprises a rotary cultivator device, a seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing device and a land leveling and soil preparation device;
the seed and fertilizer co-sowing device comprises a seed and fertilizer box and a seed and fertilizer gearbox (5) arranged on one side of the seed and fertilizer box, wherein the seed and fertilizer box comprises a seed box (6), an organic fertilizer box (7) and a controlled-release mixing fertilizer box (8), the lower ends of the seed box (6), the organic fertilizer box (7) and the controlled-release mixing fertilizer box (8) are respectively provided with a hopper, and each hopper is respectively connected with a furrow opener through a discharge pipe; the tapping pipe comprises: the organic fertilizer discharging pipe (9), the controlled-release mixed fertilizer discharging pipe (10) and the seed discharging pipe (11) are installed in a staggered mode, so that the organic fertilizer, the controlled-release mixed fertilizer and the seeds applied to the soil are not on the same horizontal plane or the same vertical plane.
2. The crop seed manure space ectopic co-seeder with saline-alkali soil comprehensive improvement function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the rotary tillage device comprises a rotary tillage gearbox (2), a rotary tillage main shaft (3) and a rotary tillage cutter (4) arranged on the rotary tillage main shaft (3); the input end of the rotary tillage gearbox (2) is connected with the power output shaft of the traction device, and the output end of the rotary tillage gearbox (2) is connected with the rotary tillage main shaft (3) through a transmission mechanism.
3. The crop seed manure space ectopic co-seeder with saline-alkali soil comprehensive improvement function as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the rotary tillage cutter (4) is made of 65Mn spring steel, the density is small, the yield strength is high, the width A of the cutter handle is 55mm, the diameter D of the cutter shaft hole is 20mm, the edge distance F of the cutter shaft hole is 40mm, and the rotation radius R is 200 mm; the height h of the tangent plane is 80 mm; the cutting edge thickness is 15 mm.
4. The crop seed manure space ectopic co-seeder with saline-alkali soil comprehensive improvement function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the hopper of the seed box (6) is connected with a disc furrow opener (12) through a seed discharging pipe (11), the hopper of the organic fertilizer box (7) is connected with an organic fertilizer plough surface furrow opener (13) through an organic fertilizer discharging pipe (9), and the hopper of the controlled release mixing fertilizer box (8) is connected with a controlled release mixing fertilizer plough surface furrow opener (14) through a controlled release mixing fertilizer discharging pipe (10).
5. The crop seed manure space ectopic co-seeder with saline-alkali soil comprehensive improvement function as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the included angle of the organic fertilizer plough face furrow opener (13) during the soil entering process is 30 degrees, and the included angle of the controlled release mixed fertilizer plough face furrow opener (14) during the soil entering process is 15 degrees.
6. The crop seed manure space ectopic co-seeder with saline-alkali soil comprehensive improvement function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: an output shaft of the seed and fertilizer transmission box (5) is connected with a blanking auxiliary shaft, and a blanking auxiliary gear is installed on the blanking auxiliary shaft.
Preferably, the blanking auxiliary gear is made of flexible rubber.
7. The crop seed manure space ectopic co-seeder with saline-alkali soil comprehensive improvement function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the flat ground land preparation device comprises a soil crushing rotary roller (16), a land preparation rotary roller (17) and a flat floor (18) which are sequentially arranged in front and back; the soil preparation roller (17) is connected with the input end of the seed and fertilizer transmission case (5) through a rotating shaft (19); universal joints are respectively arranged at two ends of the rotating shaft (19), and the two universal joints are respectively connected with the rotating shaft (19) of the soil preparation rotating roller (17) and the input end of the seed and fertilizer transmission case (5).
8. The crop seed manure space ectopic co-seeder with saline-alkali soil comprehensive improvement function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the pipe diameter of the organic fertilizer discharging pipe (9) is 50mm, the pipe diameter of the controlled release mixed fertilizer discharging pipe is 45mm, and the pipe diameter of the seed discharging pipe (11) is 40 mm.
9. The application method of the seed and fertilizer space ectopic simulcasting machine of any one of claims 1-8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) before actual operation, seeds, controlled-release mixed fertilizer and organic fertilizer are respectively placed in a seed box (6), a controlled-release mixed fertilizer box (8) and an organic fertilizer box (7), wherein the seeds are combined with the plant immunity inducer through coating, encrusting and pelleting;
2) the traction device provides power to drive the rotary tillage device to carry out rotary tillage and loosen the soil, the seeds, the organic fertilizer and the controlled-release mixed fertilizer respectively enter the grooves formed by the furrow opener through the discharge pipes, then the soil return flow is used for covering the seeds, the organic fertilizer and the controlled-release mixed fertilizer, and then the land leveling device is used for realizing soil crushing, soil covering compaction and land leveling to complete the work of seeding and fertilizing.
10. The method of application according to claim 9, characterized in that: the sowing depth of the seeds is 10-15 cm, the application depth of the organic fertilizer is 35-40 cm, the application depth of the controlled-release blended fertilizer is 15-20 cm, and the parallel distance between the controlled-release blended fertilizer and the seeds is 5-10 cm.
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| CN202010433613.XA CN111418293A (en) | 2020-05-21 | 2020-05-21 | Crop seed and fertilizer space ectopic co-sowing machine with comprehensive saline-alkali soil improvement function and application method thereof |
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| CN111418293A true CN111418293A (en) | 2020-07-17 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115991996A (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-04-21 | 北京市农林科学院 | Soil conditioner for secondary salinization facility and application thereof |
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| CN2107761U (en) * | 1991-12-18 | 1992-06-24 | 公主岭市播种机厂 | 2bm-3 model seeder requiring no tillage |
| AU2003204931A1 (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2005-02-24 | Castpoints Pty Ltd | Improved planter point |
| CN107041178A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-08-15 | 王拴柱 | A kind of tillage fertilizer used in orchard |
| CN107295836A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-10-27 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of fertile seeding apparatus of layered deep placement and method |
| CN212727938U (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2021-03-19 | 山东农业大学 | Crop seed and fertilizer space different-position co-sowing machine with saline-alkali soil comprehensive improvement function |
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| CN2107761U (en) * | 1991-12-18 | 1992-06-24 | 公主岭市播种机厂 | 2bm-3 model seeder requiring no tillage |
| AU2003204931A1 (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2005-02-24 | Castpoints Pty Ltd | Improved planter point |
| CN107041178A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-08-15 | 王拴柱 | A kind of tillage fertilizer used in orchard |
| CN107295836A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-10-27 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of fertile seeding apparatus of layered deep placement and method |
| CN212727938U (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2021-03-19 | 山东农业大学 | Crop seed and fertilizer space different-position co-sowing machine with saline-alkali soil comprehensive improvement function |
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| CN115991996A (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-04-21 | 北京市农林科学院 | Soil conditioner for secondary salinization facility and application thereof |
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