CN204634293U - One grow wheat subsoiling rotary tillage layer by layer manuring divides band seed broadcaster - Google Patents
One grow wheat subsoiling rotary tillage layer by layer manuring divides band seed broadcaster Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型提供一种小麦深松旋耕分层施肥分带撒播机,涉及小麦播种机械技术领域。旋耕装置前方设有深松分层深施肥装置,旋耕装置后方设有等深撒肥装置,等深撒肥装置的后方设有等深撒种装置,等深撒种装置的后方设有镇压装置。深松分层深施肥装置所施的肥料分层施在旋耕层以下,等深撒肥装置所施的肥料施在旋耕层内的中下部,等深撒种装置撒播的种子位于旋耕层内的上部;在各旋耕带内分层施肥和撒种。本实用新型一次进地可完成深松、深层深施缓释肥、等深撒施基肥、等深撒播种子、覆土、镇压等作业;能够有效提高肥料利用率,促进小麦苗期和后期生长,降低残留肥料对土壤和地下水的污染,促进小麦增产增收,减少后期追肥作业,节能,效率高。
The utility model provides a wheat deep loosening rotary tillage layered fertilization and belt spreader, which relates to the technical field of wheat sowing machinery. The front of the rotary tillage device is equipped with a subsoiling and layered deep fertilization device, and the rear of the rotary tillage device is equipped with a constant depth fertilizer spreading device. suppression device. The fertilizer applied by the subsoiling and layered deep fertilization device is applied layer by layer below the rotary tillage layer, the fertilizer applied by the equal depth fertilizer spreading device is applied in the middle and lower part of the rotary tillage layer, and the seeds sown by the equal depth seed spreading device are located The upper part within the layer; layered fertilization and seeding in each rotary belt. The utility model can complete operations such as deep loosening, slow-release fertilizer application in deep layers, basal fertilizer application in equal depth, seed spreading in equal depth, soil covering, and suppression in one operation; it can effectively improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, and promote the growth of wheat seedlings and later stages. Reduce the pollution of soil and groundwater by residual fertilizers, increase wheat production and income, reduce post-topdressing operations, save energy, and have high efficiency.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及小麦播种机械技术领域。 The invention relates to the technical field of wheat sowing machinery.
背景技术 Background technique
现有的基肥施用方法多为将肥料撒于地表,旋耕搅拌,肥料深度不一致;小麦播种机多为条播,播种带窄,出苗集中,苗与苗之间争取养分,而两陇之间的土壤营养和水分不能被充分利用;由于肥料深度不一致,种子条播,只有种子下的极少的肥料被作物吸收,种子上面和两行之间的肥料全部浪费且滞留在土壤中,造成土壤和地下水污染,破坏生态环境。 Most of the existing base fertilizer application methods are to spread the fertilizer on the surface and stir it with rotary tillage, and the fertilizer depth is inconsistent; most of the wheat seeders are drill sowing, with narrow sowing belts, concentrated emergence of seedlings, competition for nutrients between seedlings, and the gap between two ridges. Soil nutrients and water cannot be fully utilized; due to the inconsistent depth of fertilizers, seeds are sown in drills, only a little fertilizer under the seeds is absorbed by the crops, and the fertilizers above the seeds and between the two rows are all wasted and stagnant in the soil, causing soil and groundwater damage. Pollution, destruction of the ecological environment.
现有小麦播种前都需要旋耕整地,动土多,土壤跑墒严重,易造成水分流失,有悖于现在水资源短缺的实际需要。 Existing wheat needs rotary tillage before planting, which requires a lot of soil movement and serious soil moisture loss, which is easy to cause water loss, which is contrary to the actual needs of the current water shortage.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明解决的技术问题是提供一种小麦深松旋耕分层施肥分带撒播机,拖拉机一次进地可以完成深松、深层分层施缓释肥、等深撒施基肥、等深撒播种子、覆土、镇压等全部作业;深层分层施缓释肥和等深撒施底肥所施用的肥料全部位于等深撒播的种子的底下,能够有效提高肥料利用率,等深撒施底肥促进小麦苗期生长,降低残留肥料对土壤和地下水的污染;深松形成土壤小水库,缓释肥分层深施在小水库中,能为小麦后期生长提供充足的水分和营养,促进小麦后期生长,促进小麦增产增收,可以减少后期追肥作业,提高作业效率。 The technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a wheat subsoiling rotary tillage layered fertilization belt spreader, the tractor can complete subsoiling, deep layered slow-release fertilizer application, equal deep layered fertilizer application, and equal depth seed sowing All operations such as covering soil, pressing, etc.; all the fertilizers applied by deep layered slow-release fertilizer and equal depth spreading base fertilizer are all located under the seeds sown at equal depth, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, and equal depth spreading base fertilizer can promote the improvement of wheat seedlings. Long-term growth, reducing the pollution of soil and groundwater by residual fertilizers; deep loosening forms small soil reservoirs, and slow-release fertilizers are applied deep in small reservoirs in layers, which can provide sufficient water and nutrients for the later growth of wheat, promote the later growth of wheat, and promote The increase in wheat production and income can reduce the later topdressing operations and improve operating efficiency.
本发明的主要技术方案是:一种小麦深松旋耕分层施肥分带撒播机 ,其特征在于:包括悬挂架或升降架、机架、肥箱、种箱、深松分层深施肥装置、旋耕装置、等深撒肥装置、等深撒种装置、镇压装置,以及动力传动机构构成; The main technical solution of the present invention is: a wheat subsoiling rotary tillage layered fertilization belt spreader, characterized in that it includes a suspension frame or a lifting frame, a frame, a fertilizer box, a seed box, and a subsoiling layered deep fertilization device , rotary tillage device, equal depth fertilizer spreading device, equal depth seed spreading device, suppression device, and power transmission mechanism;
所述的悬挂架与机架相连,机架的下方设有旋耕装置,旋耕装置前方设有深松分层深施肥装置,旋耕装置后方设有等深撒肥装置,旋耕装置的旋耕刀轴上安装有旋耕刀,等深撒肥装置的后方设有等深撒种装置,等深撒种装置的后方设有镇压装置,镇压装置通过传动机构带动肥箱的排肥轴和种箱的排种轴转动,进行排肥、排种; The suspension frame is connected with the frame, and a rotary tillage device is provided under the frame, a subsoiling layered deep fertilization device is provided in front of the rotary tiller device, and an equal-depth fertilization device is provided at the rear of the rotary tiller device. A rotary tiller is installed on the shaft of the rotary tiller, and a constant depth sowing device is installed behind the equal depth fertilizer spreading device, and a suppression device is installed behind the equal depth seed spreading device, and the suppression device drives the fertilizer discharge shaft of the fertilizer box through the transmission mechanism Rotate with the seeding shaft of the seed box to discharge fertilizer and seed;
所述的旋耕刀轴上的旋耕刀分为二组或二组以上,每组旋耕刀能形成一个旋耕带,相邻的旋耕刀组之间间隔一段距离,每组旋耕刀组的安装位置与前面的一个深松分层深施肥装置、后面的一个或二个等深撒肥装置的出肥口和一个或二个等深撒种装置的出种口前后对应;深松分层深施肥装置位于旋耕带的中间位置。 The rotary tiller on the rotary tiller shaft is divided into two groups or more than two groups, each group of rotary tiller can form a rotary tiller belt, and there is a distance between adjacent groups of rotary tiller, each group of rotary tiller The installation position of the knife set corresponds to the front and rear of a subsoiling layered deep fertilization device, the fertilizer outlet of one or two equal depth fertilizer spreading devices and the seed outlet of one or two equal depth seed spreading devices; The loose layered deep fertilization device is located in the middle of the rotary tillage belt.
所述的深松分层深施肥装置所施的肥料分层施在旋耕层以下,等深撒肥装置所施的肥料施在旋耕层内的中下部,等深撒种装置撒播的种子位于旋耕层内的上部;在各旋耕带内分层施肥和撒种。 The fertilizer applied by the deep loose layered deep fertilization device is applied layer by layer below the rotary tillage layer, the fertilizer applied by the equal depth fertilizer spreading device is applied to the middle and lower part of the rotary tillage layer, and the seeds sown by the equal depth seed spreading device Located in the upper part of the rotary tillage layer; apply fertilizer and sow seeds layer by layer in each rotary tillage zone.
进一步改进,所述的一种小麦深松旋耕分层施肥分带撒播机 ,其特征在于:还包括一个切草刀盘,切草刀盘设在机架的前横梁下方变速箱的前面。 Further improvement, the described wheat subsoiling rotary tillage layered fertilization belt spreader is characterized in that it also includes a grass cutting disc, which is arranged in front of the gearbox under the front beam of the frame.
优选的,所述的悬挂架与拖拉机悬挂连接;拖拉机后输出轴与旋耕装置的变速箱上端的输入轴连接,带动旋耕刀轴旋耕作业;变速箱固定在机架上,所述的变速箱的最下面的输出轴的两端固定有两个旋耕刀轴,每个旋耕刀轴上安装有二组或二组以上的旋耕刀。 Preferably, the suspension frame is suspended and connected with the tractor; the rear output shaft of the tractor is connected with the input shaft at the upper end of the gearbox of the rotary tiller to drive the rotary tiller shaft for rotary tillage; the gearbox is fixed on the frame, and the Two ends of the lowermost output shaft of the gearbox are fixed with two rotary tiller shafts, and two or more groups of rotary tiller shafts are installed on each rotary tiller shaft.
优选的,所述的深松分层深施肥装置,包括深松铲,深松铲后面设有分层施肥管,分层施肥管上设有一个、二个、三个或多个上下排布的出肥口,将肥料分层施于旋耕层的下面的深松铲开成的深沟的中下部;分层施肥管最上部的出肥口不高于其后面的旋耕装置的旋耕底部。 Preferably, the subsoiling layered deep fertilization device includes a subsoiling shovel, a layered fertilization pipe is arranged behind the subsoiling shovel, and one, two, three or more layers are arranged on the layered fertilization pipe Apply fertilizer layer by layer to the middle and lower part of the deep groove formed by the subsoiling shovel below the rotary tillage layer; the fertilizer outlet at the top of the layered fertilization pipe is not higher than the rotary tillage device behind it. Till the bottom.
优选的,所述的等深撒肥装置,包括输肥管、撒肥盖板、撒肥底板、肥料分散器和肥料分散柱;输肥管固定在机架的后梁上,撒肥底板和撒肥盖板均为向前倾斜的三角形板,撒肥底板和撒肥盖板固定在输肥管的下端,与输肥管连通,肥料分散器固定在撒肥底板和撒肥盖板之间的肥料入口处;若干肥料分散柱固定在撒肥底板和撒肥盖板之间、位于肥料分散器的下方出肥口上方;撒肥盖板的底边和撒肥底板的底边处设有出肥口,出肥口水平一致,保证肥料均匀撒在旋耕层中下部的同一深度。 Preferably, the equal-depth fertilizer spreading device includes a fertilizer delivery pipe, a fertilizer spreading cover, a fertilizer spreading bottom plate, a fertilizer disperser and a fertilizer dispersion column; the fertilizer delivery pipe is fixed on the rear beam of the frame, the fertilizer spreading bottom plate and the spreading fertilizer The fertilizer cover plates are all triangular plates inclined forward. The fertilizer spreader base plate and the fertilizer spreader cover plate are fixed at the lower end of the fertilizer delivery pipe and communicate with the fertilizer delivery pipe. The fertilizer disperser is fixed between the fertilizer spreader base plate and the fertilizer spreader cover plate. At the entrance of the fertilizer; several fertilizer dispersing columns are fixed between the fertilizer spreading bottom plate and the fertilizer spreading cover, and are located above the fertilizer outlet below the fertilizer disperser; the bottom edge of the fertilizer spreading cover and the bottom edge of the fertilizer spreading bottom are provided The level of the fertilizer outlet and the fertilizer outlet is consistent, ensuring that the fertilizer is evenly spread at the same depth in the middle and lower part of the rotary tillage layer.
进一步改进,所述的撒肥盖板的底边处设有三角形挡板,出肥口设在该三角形挡板处的撒肥底板的底边上。 As a further improvement, a triangular baffle is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer spreading cover, and the fertilizer outlet is provided on the bottom of the fertilizer spreading bottom at the triangular baffle.
优选的,所述的等深撒种装置,包括输种管、撒种盖板、撒种底板、种子分散器和种子分散柱组成;输种管固定在机架的后梁上,撒种底板和撒种盖板均为向后倾斜的三角形板,撒种底板和撒种盖板固定在输种管的下端,与输种管连通,种子分散器固定在撒种底板和撒种盖板之间的种子入口处;若干种子分散柱固定在撒种底板和撒种盖板之间、位于种子分散器的下方出种口上方;撒种盖板及撒种底板的底边部设有排种口,排种口水平一致,保证种子均匀撒在旋耕层上部同一深度。 Preferably, the equal-depth sowing device comprises a seed delivery pipe, a seed sowing cover plate, a seed sowing bottom plate, a seed disperser and a seed dispersion column; the seed delivery pipe is fixed on the back beam of the frame, and the seed sowing bottom plate and The sowing cover plates are all triangular plates inclined backwards, the sowing base plate and the sowing cover plate are fixed at the lower end of the seed delivery pipe, and communicate with the seed delivery tube, and the seed disperser is fixed between the sowing base plate and the sowing cover plate At the seed entrance; several seed dispersion columns are fixed between the sowing bottom plate and the sowing cover plate, above the seed outlet below the seed disperser; the bottom edge of the sowing cover plate and the sowing bottom plate is provided with a seed discharge port , The level of the seed outlet is consistent, ensuring that the seeds are evenly sprinkled on the same depth in the upper part of the rotary tillage layer.
优选的,所述的等深撒肥装置、等深撒种装置都设有深度调节机构,保证种子、肥料的距离合乎农艺要求。 Preferably, the equal-depth fertilizing device and the equal-depth seed spreading device are equipped with depth adjustment mechanisms to ensure that the distance between seeds and fertilizers meets the agronomic requirements.
优选的,所述的肥料箱分为缓释肥箱和基肥箱,保证缓释肥和基肥分开施用;所述的深松分层深施肥装置所施的肥料为缓释肥,肥料分层施在旋耕层以下;等深撒肥装置所施的肥料为常规基肥,肥料施在旋耕层内的中下部、地面以下5~15厘米的范围;等深撒种装置撒播的种子位于旋耕层内的上部,地面以下3~5厘米;每组旋耕刀的旋耕带得宽度为30-50厘米,旋耕带之间的间隔15-25厘米,种下等深撒肥、等深撒种的宽度均为30-50厘米。 Preferably, the fertilizer box is divided into a slow-release fertilizer box and a base fertilizer box to ensure that the slow-release fertilizer and the base fertilizer are applied separately; the fertilizer applied by the deep loose layered deep fertilization device is a slow-release fertilizer, and the fertilizer is applied in layers Below the rotary tillage layer; the fertilizer applied by the equal-depth fertilizer spreading device is conventional base fertilizer, and the fertilizer is applied to the middle and lower part of the rotary tillage layer, 5 to 15 cm below the ground; the seeds sown by the equal-depth seeding device are located in the rotary tillage The upper part of the layer is 3 to 5 cm below the ground; the width of the rotary tillage zone of each group of rotary tiller blades is 30-50 cm, and the interval between the rotary tillage zones is 15-25 cm. The width of sowing seeds is 30-50 cm.
本发明的有益效果是:与现有技术相比,很好地解决了现有技术存在的问题,拖拉机一次进地可以完成深松、深层分层施缓释肥、带状旋耕或全幅旋耕、等深撒施基肥、等深撒播种子、覆土、镇压等全部作业;深松、带状旋耕和等深撒播种子实现保护性耕作,减少水分蒸发;小麦苗带内等深撒播增加最小株距,增加单株平均营养面积。深层分层施缓释肥和等深撒施底肥所施用的肥料全部位于等深撒播的种子的底下,能够有效提高肥料利用率,降低残留肥料对土壤和地下水的污染;深松形成土壤小水库,缓释肥分层深施在小水库中,能为小麦后期生长提供充足的水分和营养,促进小麦增产增收,而且可以减少后期追肥作业;能提高肥料利用率,节能,提高作业效率。 The beneficial effects of the present invention are: compared with the prior art, the existing problems of the prior art are well solved, and the tractor can complete subsoiling, slow-release fertilizer application in deep layers, strip rotary tillage or full-width rotary tillage in one operation. Plowing, equal depth spreading of basal fertilizer, equal depth spreading of seeds, covering soil, compaction and other operations; subsoiling, strip rotary tillage and equal depth spreading of seeds realize protective tillage and reduce water evaporation; equal depth spreading within the wheat seedling belt increases the least Plant spacing increases the average vegetative area per plant. Deep layered slow-release fertilizer and equal-depth spread of base fertilizer apply all the fertilizers under the seeds spread at equal depth, which can effectively improve fertilizer utilization rate and reduce the pollution of soil and groundwater by residual fertilizer; deep loosening forms a small soil reservoir , The slow-release fertilizer is applied deep in layers in small reservoirs, which can provide sufficient water and nutrients for the later growth of wheat, promote wheat production and income, and can reduce post-topdressing operations; it can improve fertilizer utilization, save energy, and improve operating efficiency.
克服了小麦条播和撒播的缺点,汇集条播和撒播的优点,大大提高肥料利用率和水分利用率,提高小麦单产;利于小麦吸收养分、通风透光、苗株茁壮、促进分蘖、增加产量;同时减少肥料投入和地下水开采,改善了土壤环境、提高了蓄水保墒能力,可充分接纳天然降水,建立土壤水库,协调土壤中的水、肥、气、热状况,改善土壤蓄水保墒能力和培土育肥作用。不播种子的土地不旋耕动土,实现保护性耕作;保护性耕作,减少水分蒸发。旋耕带旋起的土壤部分抛洒在未耕带的秸秆上,加速秸秆腐熟,且未耕带形成畦埂,冬季雨雪聚集在旋耕带内,为旋耕带内撒播的种子提供水分,提高了水分利用率。深松、带状旋耕和等深撒播种子实现种下等深撒肥和分层深施肥提高肥料利用率、分别促进小麦苗期和后期生长;一机完成多项作业,提高作业效率和实现各项作业的效果。有利于改善作物生长环境和保护农业生态环境。 It overcomes the shortcomings of wheat drill and sowing, combines the advantages of drill and broadcast, greatly improves the fertilizer utilization rate and water use efficiency, and increases the yield of wheat; it is conducive to wheat absorption of nutrients, ventilation and light transmission, strong seedlings, promotion of tillering, and increased production; at the same time Reduce fertilizer input and groundwater extraction, improve soil environment, increase water storage and moisture retention capacity, fully absorb natural precipitation, build soil reservoirs, coordinate water, fertilizer, gas, and heat conditions in the soil, improve soil water storage and moisture retention capacity and cultivate soil fattening effect. The land that does not sow seeds does not need to be rotary tilled to achieve conservation tillage; conservation tillage reduces water evaporation. The part of the soil swirled by the rotary tillage belt is sprinkled on the straw in the uncultivated zone to accelerate the maturity of the straw, and the uncultivated zone forms a ridge, and the rain and snow gather in the rotary tillage zone in winter to provide moisture for the seeds sown in the rotary tillage zone. Improved water use efficiency. Subsoiling, strip rotary tillage and equal-depth sowing of seeds realize equal-deep fertilization under planting and layered deep fertilization to improve fertilizer utilization rate and promote the growth of wheat seedlings and later stages respectively; one machine completes multiple operations to improve operating efficiency and realize The effect of each job. It is conducive to improving the crop growth environment and protecting the agricultural ecological environment.
以下结合一实施例及附图作进一步详述,但不作为对本发明的限定。 The following will be further described in detail in combination with an embodiment and accompanying drawings, but it is not intended to limit the present invention.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明一个实施例的结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是图1中的等深撒肥撒种结构部分的等轴测立体示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic isometric perspective view of the structure part of the equal depth spreading fertilizer and seed in Fig. 1 .
图3是图1中的等深撒肥撒种结构部分的局部放大结构示意图。 Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the equal-depth fertilizer and seed spreading structure in Fig. 1 .
图4是图1中的局部左视图。 Fig. 4 is a partial left view of Fig. 1 .
图5是图3的俯视图。 FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. 3 .
图6是图1的40厘米宽带旋耕结构的右视图。 Fig. 6 is a right view of the 40 cm wide-band rotary tillage structure in Fig. 1 .
图7是图6的苗带的种子肥料垂直分布示意图。 Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the vertical distribution of seed fertilizer in the seedling belt of Fig. 6 .
图8是图1的15厘米宽带旋耕结构的右视图。 Fig. 8 is a right view of the 15 cm wide-band rotary tillage structure in Fig. 1 .
图9是图1的15厘米等宽带等行距结构的右视图。 Fig. 9 is a right view of the 15 cm wide and equal row spacing structure in Fig. 1 .
图10是图1的全幅旋耕撒播施肥结构的右视图。 Fig. 10 is a right view of the full-width rotary tillage spreading and fertilizing structure in Fig. 1 .
图中:1—悬挂架或升降架,2—深松分层深施肥装置,3—旋耕装置,4—肥箱,5—种箱,6—机架,7—等深撒肥装置,8—等深撒种装置,9—镇压机构,10—传动装置,21—深松铲,22—分层施肥管,31—变速箱,32—切草刀盘,33—旋耕刀轴,34—旋耕刀,71—输肥管,72—撒肥盖板,73—撒肥底板,74—肥料分散器,75—肥料分散柱,81—输种管,82—撒种盖板,83—撒种底板,84—种子分散器,85—种子分散柱,a1—种子层,a2—基肥层,a3—缓释肥多层分布,a4—深松沟,a5—旋耕带,a6—未耕带,a7—未耕层旋耕土覆盖。 In the figure: 1—suspension frame or lifting frame, 2—subsoiling layered deep fertilization device, 3—rotary tillage device, 4—fertilizer box, 5—seed box, 6—frame, 7—equal depth fertilization device, 8—equal depth sowing device, 9—suppression mechanism, 10—transmission device, 21—subsoiling shovel, 22—layered fertilization pipe, 31—gearbox, 32—grass cutting disc, 33—rotary tiller shaft, 34—Rotary tiller, 71—Fertilizer delivery pipe, 72—Fertilizer spreader cover, 73—Fertilizer spreader bottom plate, 74—Fertilizer disperser, 75—Fertilizer dispersion column, 81—Seed delivery pipe, 82—Seed spreader cover, 83—seeding bottom plate, 84—seed disperser, 85—seed dispersion column, a1—seed layer, a2—basal fertilizer layer, a3—multi-layer distribution of slow-release fertilizer, a4—deep pine ditch, a5—rotary tillage belt, a6 —Uncultivated zone, a7—uncultivated layer covered by rotary tillage soil.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
参见图1--图8,该小麦深松旋耕分层施肥分带撒播机 ,包括与拖拉机挂接的悬挂架(或升降架)1、机架6、肥箱4、种箱5、深松分层深施肥装置2、旋耕装置3、等深撒肥装置7、等深撒种装置8、镇压装置9,以及动力传动机构10构成;所述的悬挂架1与机架6相连,机架6的下方设有旋耕装置3,旋耕装置3前方设有深松分层深施肥装置2,旋耕装置3后方设有等深撒肥装置7,旋耕装置3的旋耕刀轴33上安装有旋耕刀,等深撒肥装置7的后方设有等深撒种装置8,等深撒种装置8的后方设有镇压装置9,镇压装置9通过传动机构10带动肥箱4的排肥轴和种箱5的排种轴转动,进行排肥、排种;所述的旋耕刀轴33上的旋耕刀分为二组或二组以上,例如,每组旋耕刀有12把;所述的旋耕刀呈螺旋排布,或为其他形式排列;每组旋耕刀能形成一个旋耕带,相邻的旋耕刀组之间间隔一段距离,每组旋耕刀组的安装位置与前面的一个深松分层深施肥装置2、后面的一个或二个等深撒肥装置7的出肥口和一个或二个等深撒种装置8的出种口前后对应;深松分层深施肥装置2位于旋耕带的中间位置。所述的深松分层深施肥装置2所施的肥料分层施在旋耕层以下,等深撒肥装置7所施的肥料施在旋耕层内的中下部,等深撒种装置8撒播的种子位于旋耕层内的上部;在各旋耕带内分层施肥和撒种。所述的一种小麦旋耕深层及等深施肥撒播机 ,还包括切草刀盘32,切草刀盘32设在旋耕装置3的前面,切草刀盘32为平面转动圆盘,无动力,圆盘入土1厘米,自转动。所述的悬挂架1与拖拉机悬挂连接;拖拉机后输出轴与旋耕装置3的变速箱31连接,带动旋耕刀轴旋耕作业;变速箱31固定在机架5上,所述的变速箱31的最下面的输出轴的两端固定有两个旋耕刀轴33,每个旋耕刀轴33上安装有二组或二组以上的旋耕刀34。所述的深松分层深施肥装置2,包括深松铲21及深松铲21后面的分层施肥管22,分层施肥管22上设有一个、二个、三个或多个上下排布的出肥口,将肥料分层施于旋耕层的下面的深松铲21开成的深沟的中下部;分层施肥管最上部的出肥口不高于其后面的旋耕装置3的旋耕底部。所述的等深撒肥装置7,包括输肥管71、撒肥盖板72、撒肥底板73、肥料分散器74和肥料分散柱75;输肥管71固定在机架6的后梁上,撒肥底板73和撒肥盖板72均为向前倾斜的三角形板,撒肥底板73和撒肥盖板72固定在输肥管71的下端,与输肥管71连通,肥料分散器74固定在撒肥底板73和撒肥盖板72之间的肥料入口处;若干肥料分散柱75固定在撒肥底板73上、位于肥料分散器74的下方;撒肥盖板72的底边和撒肥底板73的底边处设有出肥口,出肥口水平一致,保证肥料均匀撒在旋耕层中下部的同一深度。所述的撒肥盖板72的底边处设有三角形挡板,条状出肥口设在该三角形挡板处的撒肥底板73的底边上。所述的等深撒种装置8,包括输种管81、撒种盖板82、撒种底板83、种子分散器84和种子分散柱8组成;输种管81固定在机架6的后梁上,撒种底板83和撒种盖板82均为向后倾斜的三角形板,撒种底板83和撒种盖板82固定在输种管81的下端,与输种管81连通,种子分散器84固定在撒种底板83和撒种盖板82之间的种子入口处;若干种子分散柱85固定在撒种底板83和撒种盖板82之间、位于种子分散器84的下方出种口上方;撒种盖板82及撒种底板83的底边部设有排种口,排种口水平一致,保证种子均匀撒在旋耕层上部同一深度。所述的等深撒肥装置7、等深撒种装置8都设有深度调节机构,保证种子、肥料的距离合乎农艺要求。所述的肥料箱分为缓释肥箱和基肥箱,保证缓释肥和基肥分开施用;所述的深松分层深施肥装置2所施的肥料为缓释肥,肥料分层施在旋耕层以下;等深撒肥装置7所施的肥料为常规基肥,肥料施在旋耕层内的中下部、地面以下8~13厘米的范围;等深撒种装置8撒播的种子位于旋耕层内的上部;每组旋耕刀的旋耕带得宽度为30-50厘米,旋耕带之间的间隔15-25厘米,种下等深撒肥、等深撒种的宽度均为30-50厘米。 Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 8, the wheat subsoiling rotary tillage layered fertilization belt spreader includes a suspension frame (or lifting frame) 1, a frame 6, a fertilizer box 4, a seed box 5, and a deep Loose layered deep fertilization device 2, rotary tillage device 3, equal depth fertilizer spreading device 7, equal depth seed spreading device 8, suppression device 9, and power transmission mechanism 10; the suspension frame 1 is connected with the frame 6, The bottom of the frame 6 is provided with a rotary tiller 3, the front of the rotary tiller 3 is provided with a subsoiling layered deep fertilization device 2, and the rear of the rotary tiller 3 is provided with an equal depth fertilizer spreader 7, and the rotary tiller of the rotary tiller 3 A rotary tiller is installed on the shaft 33, and an equal-depth seeding device 8 is arranged behind the equal-depth fertilizer spreading device 7, and a suppressing device 9 is arranged behind the equal-depth seeding device 8, and the suppressing device 9 drives the fertilizer box through a transmission mechanism 10 The fertilizer discharge shaft of 4 and the seed discharge shaft of seed box 5 rotate to carry out fertilizer discharge and seed discharge; the rotary tiller knives on the described rotary tiller shaft 33 are divided into two groups or more than two groups, for example, each group of rotary tiller There are 12 knives; the rotary knives are spirally arranged, or arranged in other forms; each group of rotary knives can form a rotary belt, and there is a distance between adjacent groups of rotary knives. The installation position of the tiller group is the same as the fertilizer outlet of one or two equal-depth fertilizer spreading devices 7 and the seed outlet of one or two equal-depth seed spreading devices 8 of a deep loose layered deep fertilization device 2 in the front The front and rear correspond; the subsoiling layered deep fertilization device 2 is located in the middle of the rotary tillage belt. The fertilizer applied by the deep loose layered deep fertilization device 2 is applied below the rotary tillage layer, and the fertilizer applied by the equal depth fertilizer spreader 7 is applied to the middle and lower part of the rotary tillage layer, and the equal depth seed spreader 8 The seeds sown are located in the upper part of the rotary tillage layer; fertilization and sowing are layered in each rotary tillage zone. The said a kind of wheat rotary tillage deep layer and equal depth fertilization spreader also includes a grass cutter disc 32, and the grass cutter disc 32 is arranged in front of the rotary tillage device 3, and the grass cutter disc 32 is a plane rotating disc, without Power, the disc is buried 1 cm into the soil, and rotates by itself. The suspension frame 1 is suspended and connected with the tractor; the rear output shaft of the tractor is connected with the gearbox 31 of the rotary tiller 3 to drive the rotary tiller shaft for rotary farming; the gearbox 31 is fixed on the frame 5, and the gearbox Two ends of the lowermost output shaft of 31 are fixed with two rotary tiller shafts 33, and each rotary tiller shaft 33 is equipped with two or more rotary tiller shafts 34. The described subsoiling and layered deep fertilization device 2 includes a subsoiling shovel 21 and a layered fertilization pipe 22 behind the subsoiling shovel 21, and the layered fertilization pipe 22 is provided with one, two, three or more upper and lower row The fertilizer outlet of the cloth is applied layer by layer to the middle and lower part of the deep ditch formed by the subsoiling shovel 21 below the rotary tillage layer; the fertilizer outlet at the top of the layered fertilization pipe is not higher than the rotary tiller behind it 3. The bottom of the rotary tillage. The equal-depth fertilizer spreader 7 includes a fertilizer delivery pipe 71, a fertilizer spreader cover plate 72, a fertilizer spreader base plate 73, a fertilizer disperser 74 and a fertilizer dispersion column 75; the fertilizer delivery pipe 71 is fixed on the back beam of the frame 6, The fertilizer spreader base plate 73 and the fertilizer spreader cover plate 72 are triangular plates inclined forward, the fertilizer spreader base plate 73 and the fertilizer spreader cover plate 72 are fixed on the lower end of the fertilizer delivery pipe 71, communicate with the fertilizer delivery pipe 71, and the fertilizer disperser 74 is fixed At the fertilizer inlet between the spreading base plate 73 and the spreading cover plate 72; some fertilizer dispersion columns 75 are fixed on the spreading base plate 73, below the fertilizer disperser 74; The bottom edge of base plate 73 is provided with fertilizer outlet, and the fertilizer outlet level is consistent, guarantees that fertilizer is spread evenly on the same depth in the lower part of the rotary tillage layer. A triangular baffle is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer spreading cover 72, and a strip-shaped fertilizer outlet is arranged on the bottom of the fertilizer spreading bottom 73 at the triangular baffle. The equal-depth sowing device 8 includes a seed delivery pipe 81, a seed sowing cover plate 82, a seed sowing bottom plate 83, a seed disperser 84 and a seed dispersion column 8; the seed delivery pipe 81 is fixed on the rear beam of the frame 6 , the sowing bottom plate 83 and the sowing cover plate 82 are all triangular plates inclined backward, the sowing bottom plate 83 and the sowing cover plate 82 are fixed on the lower end of the seed delivery pipe 81, communicate with the seed delivery pipe 81, and the seed disperser 84 Fixed at the seed inlet between the sowing bottom plate 83 and the sowing cover plate 82; several seed dispersion columns 85 are fixed between the sowing bottom plate 83 and the sowing cover plate 82, above the seed outlet below the seed disperser 84 ; The bottom edge of the sowing cover plate 82 and the sowing bottom plate 83 is provided with a seed discharge port, and the seed discharge port is consistent in level, ensuring that the seeds are evenly sprinkled on the same depth at the top of the rotary tillage layer. The equal-depth fertilizing device 7 and the equal-depth seed spreading device 8 are all provided with depth adjustment mechanisms to ensure that the distance between seeds and fertilizers meets the agronomic requirements. Described fertilizer box is divided into slow-release fertilizer box and basal fertilizer box, guarantees that slow-release fertilizer and basal fertilizer are applied separately; Below the plowing layer; the fertilizer applied by the equal depth fertilizer spreading device 7 is a conventional base fertilizer, and the fertilizer is applied to the middle and lower part of the rotary tillage layer, and the range of 8 to 13 cm below the ground; The upper part in the layer; the width of the rotary tillage zone of each group of rotary tiller blades is 30-50 centimeters, and the interval between the rotary tillage zones is 15-25 centimeters, and the width of equal deep fertilizer spreading and equal deep seed sowing is 30 cm. -50 cm.
实施例的更具体结构为,分层施肥管22的上面通过施肥软管与肥箱4缓释肥的排肥器连接。等深撒肥装置7撒施的肥料均匀撒在旋耕层中下部的同一深度,且深度可以调节。等深撒种装置8其特征在于撒播的种子均匀撒在旋耕层上部同一深度,且深度可以调节。分层施肥管22和等深撒肥装置7撒的肥料都位于等深撒种装置8撒播的种子下方,等深撒播种子的种子和等深撒施的肥料距离可调。悬挂架1与拖拉机通过销轴连接;悬挂架1与机架6安装在一起;机架6的下方安装有带状旋耕装置3,旋耕装置3的刀轴33的轴线与拖拉机的前进方向垂直,动力由拖拉机后输出轴通过万向节传递至带状旋耕装置3的齿轮箱31,齿轮箱31的下方与旋耕刀轴33相连,旋耕刀轴33上安装有旋耕刀34;种箱5和肥箱4通过侧板安装在机架6上;机架6的前横梁下方,(带状)旋耕装置3的前方安装有深松分层施肥装置2;机架6的后梁下方,(带状)旋耕装置3的后方安装有等深撒肥装置7和等深撒种装置8;等深撒种装置8的后方设有镇压装置9,镇压装置9通过连接臂与机架6的侧壁连接在一起;镇压装置9的一端安装有的链轮,此链轮与种箱5、肥箱4的侧面链轮通过链条连接组成传动装置10。肥箱4、种箱5分别通过输送管与深松分层深施肥装置2、肥料等深撒施装置7和种子等深撒播装置8相连。旋耕机旋起的土壤少部分先落于等深撒肥装置7的下面;基肥流出输肥管71,经过肥料分散器74分开,落在撒肥底板73上继续下滑,下滑的肥料遇到多层分布的肥料分散柱75经过多次撞击均匀散布在撒肥底板73上,散布的肥料继续下滑流出等深撒肥装置7撒于已经落地的土壤上;部分旋起的土壤落下覆盖在撒施的肥料上,种子流出输种管81,经过种子分散器84分开,落在撒种底板83上继续下滑,下滑的种子撞击多层分布的肥料分散柱85后均匀散布在撒种底板83上,散布的种子继续下滑流出等深撒种装置8撒于覆盖肥料的土壤上,旋起的其余土壤全部落下覆盖种子。(带状)旋耕装置3可将撒种带的土壤旋耕,不撒种的土壤不翻动,且旋耕起土壤可以覆盖在未翻动地面上,有利于秸秆腐烂熟化。种子撒播装置8和肥料等深撒施装置7上下位置可根据种肥距离要求以及土壤种类、土壤含水率的不同进行播种深度和种肥距离调整,既保证肥料充分利用,又不浪费、不烧种。肥箱4和种箱5上设有调节装置,可根据种子、肥料以及土壤实际需要进行播种量和施肥量调整。深松分层深施缓释肥装置2安装在每个旋耕带的前面中部,深松分层深施缓释肥装置可将缓释肥施于深松铲中下部,为小麦后期提供养分。带状镇压装置位于带状撒播装置的后部,旋耕撒种部分镇压,可使籽粒与土壤充分接触,并保证播种深度,不旋耕部分不镇压。调节带状旋耕装置3上的旋耕刀的排布、及对应的等深撒肥装置7、等深撒种装置7和镇压装置9上的镇压辊可以实现多种播种模式;旋耕装置3上安装上全部旋耕刀片34,更换等深撒肥装置7、等深撒种装置8及镇压装置9可实现全幅等深撒肥、等深撒种;上述各种种植模式均可搭配深松分层深施肥装置2联合作业。 The more specific structure of the embodiment is that the top of the layered fertilization pipe 22 is connected with the fertilizer discharger of the slow-release fertilizer of the fertilizer tank 4 through a fertilization hose. The fertilizer applied by the constant depth fertilizer spreading device 7 is evenly spread on the same depth in the middle and lower part of the rotary tillage layer, and the depth can be adjusted. The equal-depth sowing device 8 is characterized in that the sowed seeds are evenly spread at the same depth on the upper part of the rotary tillage layer, and the depth can be adjusted. The fertilizers spread by the layered fertilization pipe 22 and the equal-depth fertilizing device 7 are all located below the seeds sown by the equal-depth sowing device 8, and the distance between the seeds of the equal-depth sowing seeds and the fertilizer of the equal-depth spreading is adjustable. The suspension frame 1 is connected with the tractor through pin shafts; the suspension frame 1 and the frame 6 are installed together; the belt-shaped rotary tiller 3 is installed below the frame 6, and the axis of the cutter shaft 33 of the rotary tiller 3 is in line with the forward direction of the tractor. Vertical, the power is transmitted from the rear output shaft of the tractor to the gear box 31 of the belt-shaped rotary tiller 3 through a universal joint. The seed box 5 and the fertilizer box 4 are installed on the frame 6 through the side plates; below the front crossbeam of the frame 6, a subsoiling layered fertilization device 2 is installed in front of the (belt-shaped) rotary tiller 3; Below the back beam, the rear of the (belt-shaped) rotary tillage device 3 is equipped with a constant depth fertilizer spreading device 7 and a constant depth seed spreading device 8; The side wall of frame 6 is connected together; The sprocket wheel that one end of suppressing device 9 is installed, this sprocket wheel and the side sprocket wheel of seed box 5, fertilizer box 4 are connected to form transmission device 10 by chain. The fertilizer box 4 and the seed box 5 are respectively connected to each other with the subsoiling layered deep fertilization device 2, the deep spreading device 7 such as fertilizer and the deep spreading device 8 such as the seed through a conveying pipe. A small part of the soil swirled by the rotary tiller falls on the bottom of the equal-depth fertilizing device 7 first; the base fertilizer flows out of the fertilizer delivery pipe 71, is separated by the fertilizer disperser 74, and falls on the fertilizer spreading bottom plate 73 to continue to slide. The fertilizer dispersion column 75 of multi-layer distribution is evenly distributed on the fertilizer spreading base plate 73 through multiple impacts, and the dispersed fertilizer continues to slide down and flow out of the equal-depth fertilizer spreading device 7 and sprinkles on the soil that has fallen to the ground; On the applied fertilizer, the seeds flow out of the seed delivery pipe 81, are separated by the seed disperser 84, fall on the sowing bottom plate 83 and continue to slide, and the falling seeds hit the multi-layered fertilizer dispersion column 85 and are evenly spread on the sowing bottom plate 83 , the seeds that spread continue to slide down and flow out, and the equal deep sowing device 8 is sprinkled on the soil covering the fertilizer, and the rest of the soil that spins up all falls to cover the seeds. The (belt-shaped) rotary tillage device 3 can rotate the soil in the sowing belt, and the soil that is not sown will not be stirred, and the soil can be covered on the unturned ground by rotary tillage, which is beneficial to the rot and ripening of the straw. The upper and lower positions of the seed spreading device 8 and the deep spreading device 7 such as fertilizers can be adjusted according to the distance requirements of the seeding fertilizer, the soil type and the soil moisture content, so as to ensure the full utilization of the fertilizer without wasting or burning kind. The fertilizer box 4 and the seed box 5 are provided with regulating devices, which can adjust the amount of sowing and fertilization according to the actual needs of seeds, fertilizers and soil. The slow-release fertilizer device 2 is installed in the front middle of each rotary tillage belt, and the slow-release fertilizer device can apply the slow-release fertilizer to the middle and lower parts of the deep loosening shovel to provide nutrients for wheat in the later stage . The belt-shaped suppressing device is located at the rear of the belt-shaped spreading device, and the rotary tillage and sowing part is suppressed, which can make the seeds fully contact with the soil and ensure the sowing depth, and the non-rotary tillage part is not suppressed. Adjusting the arrangement of the rotary tiller knives on the belt-shaped rotary tiller 3, and the corresponding equal-depth fertilizing device 7, equal-depth seed spreader 7, and pressing rollers on the pressing device 9 can realize multiple seeding modes; the rotary tiller Install all rotary tillage blades 34 on 3, and replace the equal-depth fertilizing device 7, equal-depth seed spreading device 8 and suppression device 9 to realize full-width equal-depth spreading of fertilizers and equal-depth seeding; the above-mentioned various planting modes can be matched with deep Loose layer deep fertilization device 2 combined operation.
工作时,悬挂架1与拖拉机后悬挂连接,拖拉机后输出轴通过万向节带动带状旋耕装置3的变速箱31输入轴转动,变速箱31将动力传递给旋耕刀轴33旋转,进行带状旋耕作业;同时,随着拖拉机的前进,深松分层深施肥装置2入土深松,等深撒肥装置7和等深撒种装置8相继入土,镇压装置9的镇压辊着地开始转动,镇压装置9通过传动装置10带动肥箱4排肥和种箱5排种;缓释肥通过排肥管进入深松分层深施肥装置2,该装置底部垂直开有多个出肥口,将缓释肥分层深施于深松铲中下部,最上部出肥口不高于带状旋耕刀的旋耕底部,保证旋耕刀不搅拌肥料;底肥通过输肥管进入等深撒肥装置7,在旋耕装置3旋起的土落下来以前,肥料经过分撒机构撒于带状旋耕装置的中下部(深度可调),旋耕旋起的土部分落下覆盖肥料;种子通过种子管进入等深撒种装置8,在旋耕装置旋起的土部分落下来以后,种子经过分撒机构撒于带状旋耕装置的中上部(深度可调),旋耕旋起的后落下的部分土覆盖种子;镇压装置9镇压;同时,旋耕装置旋起的土壤部分抛在秸秆覆盖的未耕地上,将裸露的秸秆覆盖,加快秸秆腐熟,为下茬玉米提供营养。机具结构简单,调整方便,使用可靠,是一种新型的高效小麦撒播机具。经试用,效果很好。 During work, the suspension frame 1 is connected with the rear suspension of the tractor, and the rear output shaft of the tractor drives the input shaft of the gearbox 31 of the belt-shaped rotary cultivating device 3 through a universal joint to rotate, and the gearbox 31 transmits power to the rotary cultivator shaft 33 to rotate, and the Strip rotary tillage operation; at the same time, with the advancement of the tractor, the deep loosening layered deep fertilization device 2 goes into the soil for deep loosening, the equal depth fertilizer spreading device 7 and the equal depth seed spreading device 8 enter the soil one after another, and the pressing roller of the pressing device 9 starts to touch the ground Rotating, the suppression device 9 drives the fertilizer box 4 to discharge fertilizer and the seed box 5 to discharge seeds through the transmission device 10; the slow-release fertilizer enters the deep loose layered deep fertilization device 2 through the fertilizer discharge pipe, and the bottom of the device is vertically opened with multiple fertilizer outlets , apply the slow-release fertilizer layer by layer to the middle and lower part of the subsoiling shovel, and the fertilizer outlet at the top part is not higher than the bottom of the rotary tiller of the belt-shaped rotary tiller to ensure that the rotary tiller does not stir the fertilizer; the base fertilizer enters the equal depth through the fertilizer delivery pipe Fertilizer spreading device 7, before the soil swirled by the rotary tiller 3 falls down, the fertilizer is spread on the middle and lower part of the belt-shaped rotary tiller (the depth is adjustable) through the spreading mechanism, and the part of the swirled soil by the rotary tiller falls to cover the fertilizer; Seeds enter the equal-depth seeding device 8 through the seed tube. After the soil part rotated by the rotary tiller falls down, the seeds are scattered on the middle and upper part of the belt-shaped rotary tiller through the spreading mechanism (the depth is adjustable), and the rotary tiller is lifted up. The part of the soil that falls behind covers the seeds; the suppression device 9 suppresses it; at the same time, the soil part rotated by the rotary tiller is thrown on the straw-covered uncultivated land, and the exposed straw is covered to speed up the maturity of the straw and provide nutrition for the next stubble corn. The implement is simple in structure, easy to adjust and reliable in use. It is a new type of high-efficiency wheat spreading implement. After trial, the effect is very good.
提高肥料利用率机理: The mechanism of improving fertilizer utilization rate:
a种下等深撒肥和分层深施肥都是将肥料施在小麦种子下方,小麦发芽后根系下扎,肥料基本能够全部被小麦根系吸收; a. Sub-seed equal depth fertilization and layered deep fertilization are to apply fertilizer under the wheat seeds. After the wheat germinates, the root system will pierce down, and the fertilizer can basically be completely absorbed by the wheat root system;
b种子以上土壤中基本没有小麦根系,节省下现有施肥方法的种子以上土壤中能够肥料和条播之间的肥料,可节省肥料30%以上; There is basically no wheat root system in the soil above the b seed, saving the fertilizer between the fertilizer and the drill in the soil above the seed of the existing fertilization method, which can save more than 30% of the fertilizer;
c深松改变了土壤容重,改善了土壤的团粒结构,有利于土壤胶体负离子的形成,从而减少氧气挥发,提高了肥料利用率,有显著的土壤生态修复作用。 c Subsoiling changes the soil bulk density, improves the aggregate structure of the soil, and is conducive to the formation of soil colloidal negative ions, thereby reducing oxygen volatilization, improving the utilization rate of fertilizers, and has a significant role in soil ecological restoration.
提高水分利用率机理: Mechanism of improving water use efficiency:
a深松蓄水可有效改善土壤理化性能,充分接纳天然降水,建立土壤水库,协调土壤中水、肥、气、热状况,改善土壤蓄水保墒能力和培土育肥作用; a. Deep loose water storage can effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties, fully absorb natural precipitation, establish soil reservoirs, coordinate soil water, fertilizer, air, and heat conditions, and improve soil water storage and moisture conservation capabilities and soil cultivation and fattening;
b带状旋耕实现没种带不动土,减少没种区域的土壤水分蒸发; b. Strip rotary tillage realizes the immovable soil without planting, reducing the evaporation of soil moisture in the area without planting;
c带状旋耕的旋耕带等深撒播种子,重镇压减少跑墒;小麦出苗后不就叶片可全部遮盖住旋耕区域,可有效减少旋耕带区域的土壤水分蒸发。 c The rotary tillage zone of c-band rotary tillage sows seeds at the same depth, and represses to reduce moisture loss; after the emergence of wheat, the leaves can completely cover the rotary tillage area, which can effectively reduce the evaporation of soil moisture in the rotary tillage zone .
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CN104521355A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-22 | 中国农业大学 | Deep scarification, rotary tillage and layered fertilization zoning seed broadcaster for wheat |
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CN104521355A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-22 | 中国农业大学 | Deep scarification, rotary tillage and layered fertilization zoning seed broadcaster for wheat |
CN105557102A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-05-11 | 山东农业大学 | Broad-seedling-width precision sowing machine with functions of double rotary tillage and proportional layering fertilization |
CN105519273A (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2016-04-27 | 中国农业大学 | Layered fertilizer application, deep scarification and sowing machine |
CN106342428A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-01-25 | 潍坊盛瑞零部件有限公司 | Deep fertilization subsoiler |
CN107439074A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-12-08 | 灵璧九瑞农发科技有限公司 | A kind of novel rotary seeding device |
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