CN111386966A - Preparation method of edible fungus culture medium containing compressed straw - Google Patents
Preparation method of edible fungus culture medium containing compressed straw Download PDFInfo
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- CN111386966A CN111386966A CN202010220908.9A CN202010220908A CN111386966A CN 111386966 A CN111386966 A CN 111386966A CN 202010220908 A CN202010220908 A CN 202010220908A CN 111386966 A CN111386966 A CN 111386966A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and relates to a preparation method of an edible fungus cultivation medium containing compressed straws, which comprises the following steps of crushing the straws, and compressing the crushed straws into 1300-2000 Kg/m38-35% of water by weight; mixing the blocky solid and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 1-2, adding lime accounting for 0.3-1.0% of the weight of the blocky solid, absorbing water, dispersing, adding other edible fungus cultivation auxiliary materials, mixing, and stirring to obtain the edible fungus cultivation medium. The edible fungus culture medium has higher density, increases the edible fungus yield of the culture medium per unit volume, improves the production efficiency and reduces the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an edible fungus cultivation medium containing compressed straws.
Background
The cultivation of edible fungi needs to consume a large amount of raw materials, such as hardwood chips, pine wood chips, poplar wood chips, cottonseed hulls and the like, but the production cost is increased due to shortage and price rise of the raw materials of the edible fungi in recent years. In addition, consumption of a large amount of wood resources seriously damages forests and environments, and development of cheap and high-quality edible fungus production substrates is urgently needed.
The three provinces in northeast are the main production areas of grain production, crops such as corn, soybean, rice, sorghum and the like are produced in abundance, a large amount of crop straws, corncobs and other byproducts are produced every year, most straws are burnt, resources are wasted, and the environment is damaged. Corn stalks, soybean stalks, sorghum stalks, rice straws, corncobs and the like contain rich nutrient substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose, sugars, protein and the like, are high-quality raw materials for cultivating edible fungi, and fully develop crop stalks and corncob resources, thereby being beneficial to reducing the production cost. At present, crop straws and corncobs are widely used for producing edible fungi, but the crop straws and the corncobs can be used only after being crushed, fermented, prewetted and the like by a crusher, and the fungus bags are easy to puncture due to harder straws when being bagged, so that the pollution rate of the fungus bags is increased. Meanwhile, the crushed crop straws have fluffy texture, and the cultivation bags with the same specification are relatively small in loading amount, so that the yield is low.
Therefore, the straw is crushed and then compressed into an effective means. CN106699379A discloses a mushroom culture medium prepared by compressed straws and a preparation method thereof. CN102529141B discloses a straw mushroom substrate compression molding machine, which can reduce the volume of straw compost to one fifth of the original volume. But none of the above approaches are clear.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an edible fungus culture medium containing compressed straws, which improves the density of the culture medium, increases the edible fungus yield of the culture medium per unit volume, improves the production efficiency and reduces the production cost.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme that,
a preparation method of an edible fungus culture medium containing compressed straws comprises the following steps,
s1, crushing the straw, and compressing into a density of 1300-2000 Kg/m38-35% of water by weight;
s2, mixing the blocky solid obtained in the step S1 with water according to the weight ratio of 1: 1-2, adding lime accounting for 0.3-1.0% of the weight of the blocky solid, absorbing water, dispersing, adding other edible fungus cultivation auxiliary materials, mixing, and stirring to obtain the edible fungus cultivation medium.
Preferably, the stalks are selected from at least one of corn stalks, soybean stalks, sorghum stalks, rice straws, rice hulls and corn cobs.
Preferably, the grain size of the crushed straw in the step S1 is not more than 5 mm. In a more preferable scheme, the particle of the crushed straw is not more than 3 mm.
Preferably, the density of the crushed straws before compression in the step S1 is 50-250 Kg/m3。
Preferably, the compression in step S1 is selected from hot pressing, extrusion, or hydraulic pressure.
Preferably, the density in step S1 is 1500-1800 Kg/m3。
Preferably, the shape of the block-shaped solid in step S1 is a circle, a cylinder, a square, a rectangle, a triangle, or an irregular shape.
Preferably, the other edible fungus cultivation auxiliary materials in the step S2 are selected from at least one of wheat bran, corn flour, wood chips, bean flour, glucose, calcium superphosphate, calcium carbonate, cottonseed hull, bone meal, charcoal ash and red yeast rice.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the blocky solid to other edible fungus cultivation auxiliary materials in the step S2 is 1: 1-5: 1. In a more preferable scheme, the weight ratio of the blocky solid to other edible fungus cultivation auxiliary materials is 2: 1-4: 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) after the straw raw materials are compressed, the density is increased, the loading amount of each bag or each bottle is increased, and the yield of the edible fungi in each bag or each bottle is also increased by more than 30%.
(2) The hard and rough raw materials are crushed and compressed, the volume of the raw materials is reduced, the raw materials are convenient to store, when the raw materials are added with water for dispersing, the straws are soft, the fungus bags cannot be punctured, and the pollution rate of the fungus bags in the production process is reduced.
(3) The edible fungus culture medium can be used for culturing various edible fungi, including various wood-rotting edible fungi and straw-rotting edible fungi such as flammulina velutipes, pleurotus eryngii, white beech mushroom, hypsizygus marmoreus, auricularia polytricha, hericium erinaceus, tremella, pleurotus nebrodensis, oyster mushroom, pleurotus cornucopiae, pleurotus geesteranus, agaricus bisporus and straw mushroom, and various medicinal fungi such as lucid ganoderma and phellinus.
(4) In the prior art, the compression density of the straws is lower than 1000Kg/m3The compression density of the straw can reach 1300-2000 Kg/m3And the raw materials with the same mass occupy smaller space.
(5) Provides several edible fungus culture mediums which can be widely obtained and have low price.
(6) The agricultural wastes are reasonably utilized, and the damage of straw burning to the environment is reduced.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided by way of specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein.
In the present invention, the terms "upper", "inner", "outer", "bottom", "one", "middle", and the like, which are used in the description, are used for the sake of clarity only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and changes or adjustments of the relative relationship thereof are not to be construed as a scope of the present invention in which the present invention can be implemented, but are described in advance.
Example 1
Pulverizing corn stalk into particles with particle size less than 5mm and density of 90Kg/m3Compression density 1300Kg/m39 percent of water by weight, and 10cm long rectangular block-shaped solid; mixing 100 parts by weight of blocky solid with 100 parts by weight of water, adding 0.3 part by weight of lime, after water absorption and dispersion, adding an auxiliary material consisting of 50 parts by weight of wheat bran, 18 parts by weight of soybean flour and 2 parts by weight of glucose, mixing and stirring to obtain the edible fungus culture medium 1.
Example 2
Mixing corn stalk and soybean stalk at a weight ratio of 1:1, pulverizing to particles with particle size of less than 3mm and density of 75Kg/m3Compressed into a density of 1500Kg/m311 percent of water by weight, and 10cm long square block-shaped solid; mixing 100 parts by weight of blocky solid with 100 parts by weight of water, adding 0.5 part by weight of lime, after water absorption and dispersion, adding an auxiliary material consisting of 30 parts by weight of wheat bran, 10 parts by weight of soybean flour and 1 part by weight of calcium superphosphate, mixing and stirring to obtain the edible fungus culture medium 2.
Example 3
Mixing corn straw, soybean straw and sorghum straw in a weight ratio of 1:1:2, and crushing to particles with a particle size of less than 3mm and a density of 80Kg/m3Compressed to a density of 1800Kg/m315 percent of water by weight, namely a cylindrical massive solid with the height of 15cm and the bottom diameter of 5 cm; mixing 100 parts by weight of blocky solid with 100 parts by weight of water, adding 0.7 part by weight of lime, after water absorption and dispersion, adding an auxiliary material consisting of 20 parts by weight of wheat bran, 2 parts by weight of crushed wood chips, 3 parts by weight of bone meal and 1 part by weight of charcoal ash, mixing and stirring to obtain the edible fungus culture medium 3.
Example 4
Mixing corn stalk and soybean stalk at a weight ratio of 1:2, pulverizing to particles of less than 4mm, and density of 85Kg/m3Compressed into a density of 2000Kg/m3A square block solid with the length of 10cm and the weight percentage of water of 12 percent; mixing 100 parts by weight of blocky solid with 100 parts by weight of water, adding 0.9 part by weight of lime, after water absorption and dispersion, adding an auxiliary material consisting of 10 parts by weight of wheat bran, 8 parts by weight of soybean flour, 1 part by weight of calcium carbonate and 1 part by weight of red yeast rice, mixing and stirring to obtain the edible fungus culture substrate 4.
Comparative example 1
Mixing corn stalk and soybean stalk at a weight ratio of 1:1, pulverizing to particles of less than 3mm, and density of 75Kg/m3Compressed into a density of 500Kg/m311 percent of water by weight, and 10cm long square block-shaped solid; mixing 100 parts by weight of blocky solid with 100 parts by weight of water, adding 0.5 part by weight of lime, after water absorption and dispersion, adding an auxiliary material consisting of 30 parts by weight of wheat bran, 10 parts by weight of soybean flour and 1 part by weight of calcium superphosphate, mixing and stirring to obtain the edible fungus culture medium 5.
Comparative example 2
Mixing corn stalk and soybean stalk at a weight ratio of 1:1, pulverizing to particles of less than 3mm, and density of 75Kg/m3Compressed into a density of 800Kg/m311 percent of water by weight, and 10cm long square block-shaped solid; mixing 100 parts by weight of block solid and 100 parts by weight of water, adding 0.5 part by weight of lime, after water absorption and dispersion, adding an auxiliary material consisting of 30 parts by weight of wheat bran, 10 parts by weight of soybean flour and 1 part by weight of calcium superphosphate, mixing, and stirring to obtain the edible fungus culture medium 6.
Comparative example 3
Mixing corn stalk and soybean stalk at a weight ratio of 1:1, pulverizing to particles of less than 3mm, and density of 75Kg/m3Compressed into a density of 1200Kg/m311 percent of water by weight, and 10cm long square block-shaped solid; mixing 100 parts by weight of block solid and 100 parts by weight of water, adding 0.5 part by weight of lime, after water absorption and dispersion, adding an auxiliary material consisting of 30 parts by weight of wheat bran, 10 parts by weight of soybean flour and 1 part by weight of calcium superphosphate, mixing, and stirring to obtain the edible fungus culture medium 7.
Edible fungus culture test
Adding water into the edible fungus culture mediums 1-7 in the embodiment respectively to adjust the water content to 65%, bagging high-temperature resistant polyethylene fungi (1.4 +/-0.05 kg per bag), autoclaving, inoculating strains (the strains are pleurotus eryngii, white beech mushroom, seafood mushroom, black fungus and oyster mushroom respectively), culturing to maturity, and calculating the yield of the edible fungi. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Pleurotus eryngii | White beech mushroom | Hypsizygus marmoreus | Black fungus (dried) | Oyster mushroom | |
| Example 1 | 252 g/bag | 419 g/bag | 401 g/bag | 52 g/bag | 668 g/bag |
| Example 2 | 258 g/bag | 405 g/bag | 411 g/bag | 59 g/bag | 655 g/bag |
| Example 3 | 327 g/bag | 482 g/bag | 475 g/bag | 68 g/bag | 726 g/bag |
| Example 4 | 340 g/bag | 494 g/bag | 491 g/bag | 65 g/bag | 750 g/bag |
| Comparative example 1 | 182 g/bag | 291 g/bag | 305 g/bag | 37 g/bag | 415 g/bag |
| Comparative example 2 | 195 g/bag | 315 g/bag | 330 g/bag | 40 g/bag | 452 g/bag |
| Comparative example 3 | 204 g/bag | 333 g/bag | 349 g/bag | 42 g/bag | 477 g/bag |
As can be seen from Table 1, the straw of the present invention, after being compressed at high density, is used for cultivating edible fungi, and has a higher yield than conventional compression.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of an edible fungus culture medium containing compressed straws is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1, crushing the straw, and compressing into a density of 1300-2000 Kg/m38-35% of water by weight;
s2, mixing the blocky solid obtained in the step S1 with water according to the weight ratio of 1: 1-2, adding lime accounting for 0.3-1.0% of the weight of the blocky solid, absorbing water, dispersing, adding other edible fungus cultivation auxiliary materials, mixing, and stirring to obtain the edible fungus cultivation medium.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the stalks are selected from at least one of corn stover, soybean stover, sorghum stover, rice straw, rice hulls, and corn cobs.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the size of the pulverized straw at step S1 is not more than 5 mm.
4. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the straw in step S1 has a density of 50-250 Kg/m after being crushed and before being compressed3。
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compression in step S1 is selected from hot pressing, extrusion, or hydraulic pressure.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the density in step S1 is 1500-1800 Kg/m3。
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bulk solid in the step S1 has a shape of a circle, a cylinder, a square, a rectangle, a triangle, or an irregular shape.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the other edible fungus cultivation auxiliary materials in step S2 are selected from at least one of wheat bran, corn flour, wood chips, bean flour, glucose, calcium superphosphate, calcium carbonate, cottonseed hull, bone meal, charcoal ash and red yeast rice.
9. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the massive solid to other edible fungus cultivation auxiliary materials in the step S2 is 1: 1-5: 1.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113951052A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-01-21 | 华东理工大学 | Method for preparing mushroom cultivation raw material by rapidly increasing stacking density of corn straws |
| CN114375767A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-22 | 吉林大学 | Culture medium for culturing phellinus igniarius, and method and application for culturing phellinus igniarius |
| CN115895911A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-04 | 食健客(白山)冻干制品科技有限公司 | Culture medium composition for domesticating wild phellinus igniarius and separation domestication culture method of wild phellinus igniarius |
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Application publication date: 20200710 |