CN107125023A - A kind of edible fungus culturing matrix and utilize its cultivating method for edible fungi - Google Patents
A kind of edible fungus culturing matrix and utilize its cultivating method for edible fungi Download PDFInfo
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- CN107125023A CN107125023A CN201710338287.2A CN201710338287A CN107125023A CN 107125023 A CN107125023 A CN 107125023A CN 201710338287 A CN201710338287 A CN 201710338287A CN 107125023 A CN107125023 A CN 107125023A
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of new edible fungus culturing matrix and utilize its cultivating method for edible fungi.The edible fungus culturing matrix, is made up of stalk particle and pulverized limestone, wherein, the stalk particle per 100kg adds 3 4kg pulverized limestone.The edible fungus culturing matrix can be prepared by the method comprised the steps：The stalk particle is uniformly mixed with pulverized limestone, packs, produces the edible fungus culturing matrix.The present invention significantly reduces the volume of stalk by the way that stalk is made into stalk particle, therefore, not only easily transport, pack, and can provide higher nutritive value, and the stubble number for cultivating edible mushroom is more.And its process can not only grind the wax on stalk top layer, a part of miscellaneous bacteria can be also killed.The present invention utilizes stalk particle, has invented a kind of easy with the method that edible fungus culturing is carried out after lime treatment stalk particle.Not only convenient transportation, saves labor, and material bag use time is longer.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to artificial cultivation matrix field, and in particular to a kind of edible fungus culturing matrix and utilize its edible mushroom
Cultural method.
Background technology
Edible mushroom is an organic class, nutrition, the pollution-free food of health care, is loved by people.In recent years, edible fungus culturing is made
For an investment small, cycle is short, instant effect good project, significant progress is achieved, it collects economic benefit, ecological benefits and society
Meeting benefit, in one, is the effective way that peasant quickly gets rich the need for meeting people's consumption growth and agricultural sustainable development.
The traditional edible fungus culturing of China uses the materials such as wood chip and cotton seed hull, but is caused with the excessive felling of timber
Forest tree resource is deficient, cotton seed hulls again because its is widely used, consumption big and price raises up, serious constrains Edible Fungi.Cause
This, in recent years, agricultural crop straw more and more turns into the raw material of edible fungus culturing.Agricultural crop straw contains abundant cellulose
It is the good material of culturing edible fungus with the organic matter such as lignin, and its is cheap and easy to get, it is inexhaustible, it is significantly rich
The rich source of Edible Fungi raw material.Meanwhile, remaining mushroom chaff is a kind of band mushroom fragrance rich in nutrition after production fresh mushroom
Animal feeding-stuff containing somatic protein, can also be used as high-quality organic fertilizer returning to the field.Therefore, stalk can make agriculture money as base-material culturing edible fungus
Source multistage increment, both can largely utilize crop material resource, reduce environmental pollution, can increase peasant income again, also with important
Environment protection significance.
However, at present, using straw cultivation edible mushroom, promoting not quite varied, main cause is the processing ratio of stalk
It is cumbersome.First, stalk wide variety, the big density of volume is small, and profile is fluffy, is not easy to transport in Edible Fungi and locates
Reason；Second, there is cured quality guarantee sheath on stalk surface, and the mycelia of edible mushroom is difficult to decompose, in addition, containing a large amount of miscellaneous bacterias in stalk, such as
Without killing or suppressing, Edible Fungi is easily polluted, therefore, stalk must be pre-processed.At present, stalk pretreatment
Conventional method, one is to use clinker, and two be fermentation, and three be to soak raw material with limewash.Stalk is carried out high-temperature sterilization by clinker, but
There must be high-temperature sterilization facility, investment is big, and big energy-consuming, cost is high, and treating capacity is small, is unfavorable for large-scale production；Though fermentation is not required to
Specialized facilities, but it is relatively time-consuming, in addition, attenuation degree is not easy to grasp, especially in northern China, due to low temperature, it is difficult to send out
Ferment is good；Raw material are soaked with limewash, mainly wax coat are destroyed using the alkalescence of lime, while cellulosic is softened, with profit food
With the decomposition of bacterium mycelia, alkalescence condition can also effectively suppress the breeding of a variety of miscellaneous bacterias.At present, the third method uses lime water logging
Raw material are steeped, comparatively speaking, more saving of work and time, but generally soak stalk more than 2 days, and need special immersion place
(such as building fermentation vat), workload is also larger.
The content of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of edible fungus culturing matrix.
Edible fungus culturing matrix provided by the present invention, is made up of stalk particle and pulverized limestone, wherein, the straw per 100kg
Stalk particle adds 3-4kg pulverized limestone.
The stalk particle is prepared by the method comprised the steps：
Stalk is air-dried to stalk after obtaining air-drying, stalk after described air-dry is crushed, water is added, mixes, will puddle
Stalk particle is made in good raw material, you can.
Wherein, the stalk is air-dried by the way that by stalk, exposure is realized for 3-5 days under burning sun.
The stalk is that, when producing per year, without going mouldy, and will be stored in pile bottom, surrounding rainwater and drench after dipped stalk rejects
Stalk.
Stalk is concretely crushed to 0.5-1.0 centimetres of specification by the crushing.
The water is added according to the 5-15% of stalk weight ratio.
The raw material puddled can be made by stalk particle using compression method extruding.
The edible fungus culturing matrix can be prepared by the method comprised the steps：By the stalk particle and stone
Ashes is uniformly mixed, pack, produces the edible fungus culturing matrix.
In the above method, the stalk particle per 100kg adds 3-4kg pulverized limestone.
Application of the above-mentioned edible fungus culturing matrix in edible fungus culturing falls within protection scope of the present invention.
The edible mushroom concretely stronger strain of alkali resistance.
The edible mushroom concretely suitable type strain of straw cultivation, such as flat mushroom.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of cultivating method for edible fungi.
The cultivating method for edible fungi uses above-mentioned edible fungus culturing matrix, is carried out according to conventional fungus growing technique
Cultivation, obtains edible fungus.
The present invention significantly improves densified straw, reduces the volume of stalk by the way that stalk is made into stalk particle, because
This, not only easily transport, pack, and higher nutritive value can be provided, the stubble number for cultivating edible mushroom is more.And its is processed
Journey can not only grind the wax on stalk top layer, can also kill a part of miscellaneous bacteria.The present invention utilizes stalk particle, has invented a kind of letter
Just with the method that edible fungus culturing is carried out after lime treatment stalk particle.Not only convenient transportation, saves labor, and material bag makes
It is longer with the time.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be described, but the invention is not limited in this.
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified；Institute in following embodiments
Reagent, material etc., unless otherwise specified, are commercially obtained.
By taking flat mushroom as an example, specific operational procedure：
1. home environment
Selection ecological environment is good, water quality is excellent, without poisonous and harmful pollution sources, the preferable place of environmental key-element overall target
It is used as production site, the pollution sources such as " three wastes " and microorganism, dust that should be away from industry and mining.Production district should be separated with living area,
And rickyard, the production of hybrid seeds, bacterium germination and the fruiting area of production district, manufacture exploit zone, warehouse area want rationalization partition.Per season, cultivation terminates
Afterwards, waste mushroom and roach should be cleared up in time, mushroom is carried out disinfection, and carry out the innoxious circulation profit of germ bran biological matter resource
With.
2. technical essential
2.1 cultivating facilities are selected
Cultivating facility should be selected physical features is flat, cool in summer and warm in winter, well-ventilated, the place for being easy to draining and production operation,
Insulation, cooling, moisturizing, shade and preventing and treating pest and disease damage should be beneficial to.Winter warm type vinyl house, simply cultivation canopy, forest land arch can be used
Canopy, trench shed, idle greenhouse, artificial soil cave, the civil air defense constructions and installations facility of idle house and aeration condition well etc..
2.2 planting time
Planting time produces flat mushroom using natural temperature around here preferably spring to early autumn, and small investment, income is high.Broadcast
Autumn sowing, winter sowing and spring sowing can be divided into by planting.The most suitable sowing time of autumn sowing in late August to 9 last ten-days period in ten days, typically through 35-40 days
Fruiting.The sowing time of winter sowing is sowed in late October to late November, wherein late October, can fruiting, the Spring Festival through two months
The phase is abounded with front and rear entrance；Late November sowing, needing 80-90 days can fruiting.The sowing time of spring sowing was at 2 months, although temperature compared with
Low, bacterium germination is slow, but few living contaminantses, and mid or late April can fruiting.It should not then be sowed after March.
2.3 mushroom sheds are built and sterilization
Cultivated area is advisable with 20 square metres in mushroom shed, it is desirable to which door and window sets reasonable, with insulation, moisturizing and ventilation and penetrating light
Performance.Ceiling and canopy wall have required certain thickness, the most handy lime plaster of canopy room inwall.To ensure that canopy room has good breathe freely
Property, ground is sprinkled with lime on its surface preferably with naturally native face, is so conducive to mushroom shed to clean and sterilize, and does not use concrete floor
Face.In order to make full use of the space in mushroom shed, in mushroom shed bedstead can be set to be cultivated.Bedstead surrounding is not serious to lean on canopy wall,
Leave aisle 50-60 centimetres wide between bedstead, levels bed surface is at a distance of 50 centimetres, 20 centimetres from the ground of lower floor, and bed surface is a width of
60 centimetres, so it is easy to the harvesting and management of flat mushroom.
Mushroom shed should shine canopy, close plastic shed before enabling, 7 days before enabling, and ground grading is spread one layer of pulverized limestone, then poured once saturating
Water；Enable first 4 days, with 1% 200 times of liquid of Eusol or Bordeaux mixture by all sprinkling one times of mushroom shed interior walls, after spray
Door and window, passage are closed, it is stifling 24 hours with 2-3 grams/cubic metre of sodium dichloro cyanurate smoke agent；Enable first 2 days, with 70%
Mushroom shed interior walls, ground, column are sprayed 1 by 800 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl and 4.3% 2000 times of liquid of high-fluorine chlorine cyanogen emamectin benzoate respectively
It is secondary；Open door and window ventilation within 1 day before enabling, exclude the smell of residual.Cultivation apparatus should be scrubbed clean in time, with limewash, height
The solution such as potassium manganate, Peracetic acid, bleaching powder clean cleaning disinfection.
2.4 variety selection
Process require that cultivar must be suitable careless strain, and alkali resistance is stronger, such as grass is flat No. 1, Shanghai is flat No. 3.
It can consider in terms of cultivation season, facility condition, the market demand, choose suitable high yield, disease-resistant flat mushroom kind.According to
What the Ministry of Agriculture promulgated《Edible fungus species management method》It is relevant to require, from by fruiting experiment, suitable for Gansu Province's weather and original
The good flat mushroom kind of high-quality, high yield, growth and strong stress resistance, the commodity of material feature or bacterial strain.Regular edible mushroom is arrived as far as possible to grind
Study carefully institute or R＆D institution's purchase parent species.Excellent mushroom cultivation kind, its hyphal development is sturdy, pure white, glossy, full bag uniform one
Cause, growth is vigorous, not loosely, flexible, without the variegated spot such as green, yellow, grey, red.There is the strain of variegated spot thorough
Remove or change novel species.
The composts such as 2.5 stalk particles prepare
Selection is stored in pile bottom, surrounding rainwater drenches dipped stalk to reject when producing per year, without the stalk that goes mouldy,
Under burning sun after exposure 3-5 days, stalk is crushed to 0.5-1.0 centimetres of specification with shredding machine, then added according to 5-15% ratio
Add water, mixed.The raw material puddled extrudes to form stalk particle using compression method.3%- is added in stalk particle
4% pulverized limestone, directly pack cultivation after being well mixed.
2.6 inoculation
It is general to select thick 0.015-0.025 centimetres, wide 24-28 centimetres polyethylene from high pressure process or low-pressure polyethylene film cylinder,
It is cut into long 30-45 centimetres of pocket.Polybag should be cleaned, firm, nontoxic, pollution-free, free from extraneous odour, meet GB4455-1994's
Related request.Charging is elastic consistent, and uniform compaction is broadcast using the layer broadcast mode of four layers of layered material of strain three or three layers of layered material of strain two
Kind, strain consumption accounts for the 15%-20% of compost.Strain block will be uniformly dispersed during inoculation, seal whole charge level.Bacterium bag during inoculation
Two ends inoculum concentration should account for appropriate multicast strain at 70% or so of strain total amount, strain layer periphery out pocket wall, and intermediate layer strain is used
Amount is preferably few, prevents high temperature burns from planting.Pack is finished makes a call to a passage with the tip wooden stick of about 1.5 centimetres of diameter in the middle of pocket, with
Beneficial to ventilation, notice that aperture can not be too big, the too small purpose that does not reach ventilation withered to prevent strain dehydration.Sack is tied, is moved into
Bacterium germination place.
2.7 bacterium germinations are managed
A) regulation temperature is inoculated with 7 days or so for the mycelial growth stage of development, should try one's best and avoid illumination, does not allow especially strong
Light direct beam.Mycelial growth preference temperature is 25 DEG C, if bacterium germination when spring (late Febuary) temperature is relatively low, overcast and rainy to be added
Heat heating, fine day will throw off straw screen or mat, allow temperature of shed to raise naturally, but it is noted that light can not be allowed to shine directly into bacterium bag.Summer
Ji Wendu hangs one layer of black sunshade net to block strong light compared with Gao Shike above mushroom shed, to ensure that temperature of shed is suitable, works as material temperature
, should be aeration-cooling in time when reaching 30 DEG C.
B) humidity in control humidity canopy influences very big to bacterium germination, to accomplish suitable control, generally, should be by air
Moisture stable is 60% or so.Spring temperature is relatively low, is relatively dried in canopy, should be to improve in canopy based on humidity.Summer or first autumn
Save bacterium germination, such as continuous long-time is overcast and rainy, to place quick lime in canopy, water suction wet down, and will when weather is fine and
When ventilation.
C a small amount of oxygen) is only needed to during rational ventilation mycelial growth, so a little ventilation can just meet needs,
Note specific ventilation time.When spring temperature is relatively low, ventilation time tries one's best arrangement at noon, and temperature it is higher when then at night
Ventilation is best.The Gansu morning and evening temperature difference is big, it is important to note that the temperature difference in mushroom shed.
D) choose miscellaneous bacteria and find living contaminants, discarding is chosen in time.If it was found that heterochromatic miscellaneous bacteria, can be cut out with sterilization knife, spread
Upper lime or with 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid disinfectants.
2.8 fruiting period managements
A) thermal stimulation does sth. in advance fruiting more preferably to ensure fruiting amount, moderately should increase the temperature difference to stimulate fruiting.The spy of flat mushroom
Point is that alternating temperature is solid, and fruiting body differentiation can be promoted by increasing the temperature difference, be conducive to fruiting.Morning and evening temperature is relatively low, to increase ventilation time
Number, reduces the temperature in canopy, temperature difference control at 6 DEG C -10 DEG C, can stimulate fruiting.Autumn and winter, daytime are it is noted that increase
Temperature of shed, while it is also noted that keeping temperature, night can strengthen aeration-cooling.If temperature of shed reaches more than 28 DEG C,
It can increase the temperature difference by increasing the methods such as ventilation number or spray cooling, stimulate fruiting.
B) usually to be sprayed water in water management canopy, relative air humidity is maintained at 85%-90% and is advisable.Occur after mushroom flower bud,
Also to be sprayed water.During water spray, it should be noted that be not directly sprayed onto on mushroom flower bud, but surrounding is sprayed onto, including ground.Mushroom flower bud breaks up
Go out after cap and stem, it should be noted that few spray, thin spray, diligent spray, and want spray form water, be easy to the growth of fructification.Harvest one or two
After stubble mushroom, the moisture in bacterium bag can be not enough, to keep the skin wet in time.
C) ventilation ventilation should be carried out on the basis of moisturizing.When temperature is relatively low based on moisturizing, and keep out
Mushroom place air is fresh.Low temperature season is at least divulged information 1 time daily, is no less than 30 minutes, is aerated after spraying water at noon every time
It is best；High temperature season, daily ventilation seven or eight times, every time about 20-30 minutes.In morning and evening ventilation preferably, air humidity is worked as
Make sure to keep in mind to divulge information when too high；Ventilation in 24 hours is then answered during summer temp highest, to avoid allowing wind to be directly blown onto during ventilation
On mushroom body, mushroom body edge can be because dehydration excessively and be outwards routed up.
D) illumination management Pleurotus ostreatus growth does not typically need light, and light can suppress the growth of mycelia, but enough scatterings
Light is but conducive to the formation of fructification, and the former base differentiation of induction fructification helps lend some impetus to early fruiting, many fruitings；It is dark unfavorable
In fruiting；Illumination deficiency can also lack fruiting, and the quantity of misshapen mushroom can increase.It is suitable with " seven seconds, three points of sun " in mushroom shed
Suitable illumination.
2.9 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
According to the policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", based on cultural control, physical control, biological control, chemistry
Principle supplemented by preventing and treating, is puted prevention first with specification cultivation management technology, and comprehensive measures for the prevention and control is taken to flat mushroom disease pest miscellaneous bacteria.Medicament
Using should meet GB 4285-1989, GB/T 8321 requirement.
A) conventional measure mushroom shed ventilating opening seals two layers of barrier net, and outer layer is the wire netting of protection against rodents, and internal layer is 0.28 millimeter opening
The insect prevention gauze in footpath, mushroom shed doorway hangs envelope window screening, it is to avoid cultivating bag and fructification are broken by the teeth, eat into and hinder and induce living contaminants.Go out
Mushroom shed is passed in and out during mushroom should accomplish to shut the door after you, and doorway sets sterilization insect prevention isolation strip.Using meeting sanitary standard for drinking water
Water source, improves Pleurotus ostreatus and the anti-miscellaneous disease-resistant anti-adversity ability of fructification.Used in mushroom shed and black light lamp, trapping lamp are installed, glued
Worm plate sets the measures such as sweet and sour decoction, trapping poison bait to carry out control of insect.Such as need to use agricultural chemicals, then prioritizing selection uses micro- life
Material resource, the preventing and treating of botanical pesticide preparation, such as Zhongshengmycin, polyoxin agricultural antibiotic.Keep bacterium germination place, go out mushroom shed and
The sanitation and hygiene of surrounding environment, reduce air humidity.Periodically sterilization is gone out for annual autumn and late spring, cultivation area and surrounding environment
Worm, reduces worm sources.The pharmacy disinfections such as sprayable Bordeaux mixture, thiophanate methyl, sodium dichloro cyanurate, with ethiprole or efficiently
The medicaments such as cyfloxylate, emamectin-benzoate spray desinsection.Defective material after cultivation terminates should be cleaned out in time
Cultivation area, carries out innoxious recycle.
B) lesion is administered in mushroom shed and occurred after disease, and disease mushroom, pathological material of disease should be cleaned out in time, stops water spray, and reduction mushroom shed is wet
Degree and temperature.Quarantine measures are taken lesion, and are disinfected.Sick mushroom, the hand or instrument of pathological material of disease were contacted, should be cleaned dry
Only, and with 75% alcohol or 0.25% bromogeramine solution cleaning disinfection.The bacterium material being bacterial contamination should away from mushroom landfill or
Carry out inactivation treatment.
C) common disease and pest is prevented and treated
Mycelia overgrows：I.e. mycelia top layer aerial hyphae is dense, influences fruiting.Form the reason for mycelia overgrows mainly air
High humidity, improper ventilation.Ventilation can be strengthened, humidity is reduced.
Big foot mushroom：That is fructification cap is minimum, and stem is slightly long.This is mainly anoxic, improper ventilation and caused.As long as strengthening
Ventilation, notices that light can be prevented and treated.
Flat mushroom is withered：Mushroom flower bud or sporophore growth are stagnated, and progressively atrophy, exsiccation are withered, rotten.The reason for generation, is mainly
Water deficient, divulges information excessive.Relative air humidity can be increased, dry charge level, be sure not to allow wind blow-through mushroom flower bud or son during ventilation
Entity.
Flat mushroom poisoning：After fructification spray, cap stops growing, edge formation one black surround, turnup.It is using harmful agriculture
Caused by medicine, to prohibit the use of.
Rust staining：I.e. flat mushroom cap, rust brown spot is produced on stem.The reason for generation, is mainly improper ventilation, humidity mistake
Greatly.Ventilation can be strengthened, humidity is reduced.
Brown spot (dry bubble disease)：Morbidity is caused by other living contaminantses or dead, symptom is that fructification surface is produced in vain
, there is brown spot in color villiform mycelia, cap atrophy, dry and cracked.Temperature can be reduced, strengthens ventilation, and 2% formaldehyde is sprayed in lesion
Liquid or 1：500 times of carbendazim.
Mould and trichoderma miscellaneous bacteria：Mould initial stage is white, becomes light green color later.Trichoderma is green at the beginning, after
Green is gradually deepened.High in humidity, improper ventilation, sour environment easily occurs.Gdna contamination can be dug up, carbendazim is then sprinkled with former
Powder or quick lime.Pollute, should all burn up or buried in material.
Neurospora miscellaneous bacteria.At a temperature of 25 DEG C -30 DEG C, a large amount of flocculence mycelia of sporogenesis produce a large amount of after 48 hours
The conidium of pink.1 can be used training compost processed：500 times of carbendazim or the net spice prevention of mould rust, if it happens, early
Destroy or buried.
Gypsum shape mould miscellaneous bacteria：Often occur on compost surface, produce the dense white hypha of powdery.The phosphorus of material can be increased
Fertile content, sprinkling 1：7 acetic acid solution.
Aspergillus flavus miscellaneous bacteria：Mycelia starts as white, later a large amount of generation yellow spores.High temperature (more than 27 DEG C), compost
In the case that moisture is partially dry, occur serious.Can be by reducing temperature, control temperature improves moisture to prevent below 25 DEG C, suitably
Control.
Bacterium maggot：The larva of bacterium fly, mosquito etc. is all white or yellow does not have the small maggot of pin, and main harm mycelium or son are real
Body.The mycelium of aging can be removed；Using adult phototaxis, if trapping lamp is trapped and killed, or spray higher effective and lower toxic pesticide, such as enemy hundred
1000 times of liquid injections of worm, can kill larva and worm's ovum.
Bacterium mite：Belong to some small worms of spider guiding principle, Acarina, individual very little, yellow-white, be when in heaps it is khaki, as
Dust or rice bran, reproductive capacity are very strong, and action is rapid, can eat mycelia and cap, cause mushroom flower bud to wither.With 4% 3 chlorbenside after generation
The 800 times of liquid sprinklings of mite alcohol emulsion.
Springtail：Adult has flexible afterbody, and spring such as flea stings infanticide entity.Sprayable 0.1% derris extract.
Also some insects such as mqb Yu, ant, cockroach, mole cricket etc., can spread a little quick limes on ground during preventing and treating.
2.10 harvesting in time
Flat mushroom mushroom lid is sufficiently spread out, and color by gradually becoming shallower as deeply, and recessed portion white hair starts to occur, cap edge
Start to scroll up, can be harvested when spore is not yet scattered.During harvesting, compost is pinned on the other hand, and mushroom handle is pinched on the other hand, is gently turned round
Under, it is also possible to knife patch charge level is cut off.To from generation to mushroom body, can once adopt down.
2.11 management of producing mushroom again
After every batch of harvesting, bed surface is arranged in time, undesirable root and dead mushroom, rotten mushroom and other impurity is picked up, and charge level is flattened
Compacting, stops water spray 2-3 days.The limewash of 1 time 1% is resprayed again, charge level is sufficiently humidified so as to (but there can not be ponding), is made part water
Penetrate into compost, be so conducive to improving yield.Recover water spray later, charge level is kept moistening, while according to cultural hypha
The technical requirements of phase are managed, about 7-10 days, and second batch mushroom can be grown again.To the flat mushroom fruiting later stage, nutrient disappears in compost
Consumption totally, fertilizer should be now imposed in time, Yield of Pleurotus Ostreatus, improving quality can be improved.Can be complete by the bacterium rod both sides charge level for going out mushroom
Clean out entirely；With the space between the sufficient soil filling bacterium rod of nutrient, soil layer will cover about 0.5-1.0 lis of bacterium rod surface
Rice；To increase the materials such as urea in sprinkling nutrient solution, and nutrient solution in time, can also spray syrup, to ensure flat mushroom normal growth,
Meet NY/T 496-2002 related request using fertilizer nutrient；Under conditions of fruiting is suitable, mushroom can be showed within about 7 days or so
Flower bud, at that time the technical requirements according still further to fruiting be managed.Cultivation can typically adopt 4-6 batches of mushrooms, every hundred kilograms of compost productions every time
60-100 kilograms of fresh mushroom.
2.12 packagings and processing
After fresh mushroom harvesting, the material root and impurity of residual are first removed, through after the assay was approved, carrying out classification packaging, being then sent for
Sale is processed.Flat mushroom is processed dry, can dry or dry, dry flat mushroom product answers golden yellow color, fragrant, with modeling
Pocket packaging storage, prevents that the moisture absorption goes bad.Also it can be preserved with marinating, the flat mushroom pickled can deposit 6 months to 1 year, local flavor
It is constant.Quick-freezing fresh-keeping storage can also be carried out.
2.13 site clearing
After fruiting terminates, mushroom shed wants thorough cleaning, and discarded compost, debris etc. are removed in time, is transported out of at the place of production, concentration
Reason, and carry out sanitation and hygiene and sterilization deinsectization work.After processing, mushroom shed aeration-drying to next time is used.
2.14 points for attention
Prohibit the use of severe toxicity, high poison and high residue chemical pesticide, heavy metal preparation, rat poison and production operation personnel are endangered
Big medicine of evil etc.；Country must not be used to prohibite the agricultural chemicals kind that must not provide in production and application and pollution-free food production and use
Class；In Oyster mushroom culture medium and it must not banket, add in earthing or in bacterium germination, fruiting phase sprinkling disabling chemical agent；It is limited
Ground uses low toxicity, less-persistent pesticide or biological pesticide；Agricultural chemicals and growth hormone material must not be used on mushroom carpophore.
Flat mushroom fruiting stage medication dosage, concentration should be less than the Normal dosage amounts for cultivating preceding or bacterium germination stage, be in without mushroom
Phase keeps away mushroom and uses medicament, to spray based on ground environment, does not contact mycelium and fructification, and controls times for spraying, finally
The safety interval of the medicament should be longer than by once spraying to adopting mushroom interval time.
Non- agricultural antibiotic formulations and alive microbial agrochemical must not be used.Rationally taken with chemical pesticide using biological agent
Match somebody with somebody, to reduce the consumption of chemical pesticide, prevent or delay disease pest to develop immunity to drugs.Local application is taken, prevents poisoning.
Harvesting personnel should be healthy, free from infection.Prevent exceeded addition sulphite, fluorescence in flat mushroom converted products
The harmful substances such as matter.
The cultivation matrix being mixed to prepare with stalk particle and pulverized limestone carries out the cultivation of flat mushroom, 6 batches of fruiting, the biology of flat mushroom
Conversion ratio improves 5.4%, amino acid, sugar, cellulose, ore deposit up to 240%-320%, the protein content of flat mushroom mature sporophore
1.2%-6.3% is respectively increased in content of material.In incubation, the fauna and quantity of miscellaneous bacteria are harmful in detection compost, as a result
Detection green mold bacterium and Aspergillus flavus in display, example, but negligible amounts.
Comparative example
The cultivation that stalk carries out flat mushroom as cultivation matrix with reference to the method in embodiment is soaked using limewash, 5 batches of fruiting is put down
The biological transformation ratio of mushroom is 180%-240%, and the quality of flat mushroom mature sporophore is poor compared with embodiment.Detected in comparative example
Green mold bacterium, Aspergillus flavus, black-koji mould, four kinds of Neurospora, not only species increase, quantity is also than embodiment increase
180.45%.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of edible fungus culturing matrix, is made up of stalk particle and pulverized limestone, wherein, the stalk particle addition 3- per 100kg
4kg pulverized limestone.
2. edible fungus culturing matrix according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The stalk particle passes through including following steps
Rapid method is prepared：
Stalk is air-dried to stalk after obtaining air-drying, stalk after described air-dry is crushed, water is added, mixes, by what is puddled
Stalk particle is made in raw material, you can.
3. edible fungus culturing matrix according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The stalk air-dry by by stalk strong
Exposure is realized for 3-5 days under day；
It is described to crush stalk being crushed to 0.5-1.0 centimetres of specification；
The water is added according to the 5-15% of stalk weight ratio；
The raw material puddled is made by stalk particle using compression method extruding.
4. the method for the edible fungus culturing matrix any one of claim 1-3 is prepared, including：By stalk particle and lime
Powder is uniformly mixed, pack, produces edible fungus culturing matrix.
5. application of the edible fungus culturing matrix in edible fungus culturing any one of claim 1-3.
6. application according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The edible mushroom is the stronger strain of alkali resistance.
7. application according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The edible mushroom is the suitable type strain of straw cultivation.
8. a kind of cultivating method for edible fungi, including：The edible fungus culturing matrix any one of claim 1-3 is used for base
Matter, is cultivated according to conventional fungus growing technique, obtains edible fungus.
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