CN1113676A - Producing technology for lentinus edodes with surface pattern - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the production process of lentinus edodes with surface pattern. Its production process consists of such procedures of inoculation on fungus material of wood segment, culturing fungus to make mushroom grow out, management of growing mushroom and collection of mushroom. The collected fresh mushroom is passed through the processes of light dewatering and drying so as to obtain its dried mushroom. Said invention is a production process changing the traditional process using natural condition to produce lentinus edodes to manually-controlled process to produce figured mushroom (i.e. top-grade lentinus edodes, its surface has pattern), and has the advantages of good quality, high output, long number of years for mushroom growing out and mushroom growing out in batches.

Description

Producing technology for lentinus edodes with surface pattern

The present invention relates to the edible mushroom field, particularly a kind of production technology with surface detail mushroom.

The surface has the mushroom of decorative pattern, be referred to as " flower mushroom " (as follows), come out and adopt " pure culture inoculation cultivation " afterwards,, become the domestic and international market easy-to-sell goods so far so that it is big, meat is thick, attractive in appearance, nutritious, mouthfeel is good, characteristics such as top grade in the mushroom in nineteen sixties.

This method be the pure mycelium inoculation of mushroom that will be manually separates to the culture matrix that is fit to, cultivated species is made in pure culture, inoculates in the artificial punching cave of broad-leaved tree Duan Mu, then through the long mushroom of bacteria, mushroom-picking process, drying forming.Because this method lacks the scientific management during the fruiting front and back, and not in seeds, the age of tree, chop at a tree the time, select the section carpentery workshop bacterium material of suitable length, do not carry out the science inoculation at aspects such as bacterial classification, time, methods, adopt a system (promptly carry out bacteria and adopt mushroom), many kinds bacterial strain, the long mushroom method of natural environment bacteria and ninety percent to adopt mushroom technology when ripe in same place, so following problem is arranged: the one, flower mushroom (first-class mushroom) has only about 10%, and all the other are the plate mushroom, and mushroom matter is poor; The 2nd, the mushroom wood life-span is short, and only be 3-5 service life, and the 3rd, yield poorly, the bright mushroom of one cubic metre of mushroom wood common property is only about 120 kg, and the 4th, because fragmentary fruiting has not only increased and has adopted mushroom labour intensity and time, the more important thing is to be unfavorable for that mycelia absorbs nutrition in the mushroom wood, cause mushroom matter poor.

The objective of the invention is at the problems referred to above, a kind of production technology with surface detail mushroom is provided, this technology can make flower mushroom output bring up to more than 70%.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: be included in inoculation on the log of fungus-growing materials, bacteria, long mushroom and mushroom-picking process, drying again and the finished product mushroom.For quality and the flower mushroom output that improves mushroom, should between long mushroom of bacteria and mushroom-picking process, increase from time, illumination, temp. and humidity aspect and strengthen the management of producing mushroom operation, specifically: from fruiting on the time, should be controlled at winter, spring fruiting in batch, autumn a small amount of fruiting, summer is fruiting not.From illumination, should avoid the sunlight direct projection summer, and spring and autumn is six fens cool places, four fens sunlight, and winter is seven fens sunlight, three fens cool places then.From the temp. and humidity aspect, before the fruiting, adopt the water spray measure when using plastic sheeting for farm use, spring and autumn during winter, make day and night temperature widen 5-10 ℃, stimulate fruiting, behind the fruiting, should keep the temperature unanimity, relative moisture 70%-75% and circulation of air are noted preventing to drench with rain simultaneously and dew enters the mushroom surface and prolongs more than vegetative period to 20 day.

In order to realize the object of the invention, can also be from above-mentioned scheme: select cork robur for use with 10-20 age of tree, chop at a tree behind the fallen leaves, this moment, tree contained the abundant nutrition composition that suitable mushroom is drawn, the section yoke that is truncated into 80 centimeter length rises makes the bacterium material, this kind bacterium material both had been convenient to cultivation management, made whole section fruiting even again.Selecting the fruit body formation temperature for use is 5-18 ℃ low form Xianggu mushroom strain, in the artificial hole that is inoculated into log of fungus-growing materials annual 11-12 month, to reduce microbial contamination.Enter from section in order to stop assorted bacterium, the hole spread geometry on the bacterium material is: two ends are quincunx, and trunk is " product " font and distributes.Can adopt place's bacteria, adjourn two systems of another place's fruiting, help mycelia like this and survive and reduce living contaminants; Kind separate management (i.e. so-called " one one kind ") to improve bacterial classification purity, is convenient to fruiting in batch; The long mushroom environment of manual adjustment bacteria is nourished and grown and reproductive growth with the control mushroom mycelium.Note plucking the medium well mushroom that does not also form bronze gong limit shape, in order to the shape rounding that keeps dried mushroom, attractive in appearance.

The present invention has done the above-mentioned improvement that is different from prior art owing to the scientific management operation that has increased the fruiting front and back with to all the other operations, so following advantage is arranged:

One, flower mushroom output height accounts for more than 70% of gross yield, thereby has improved the cultivation and production benefit greatly.Per kilogram flower mushroom selling price is approximately than more than the high 60-200 of the plate mushroom unit.

Its two, mushroom matter is good, the mushroom nutrient accumulation of low temperature season growth is abundant, the thick handle of meat is short, flower mushroom heavily surpasses 60% of plate mushroom, and mouthfeel is good.

Its three, artificial control growing can prolong fruiting time limit 6-8, increases the fruiting time simultaneously, has improved the unit gross yield.Every cubic metre of dried mushroom of mushroom wood volume increase is more than 8 kilograms, thereby increment is above 800 yuan.

Its four, mushroom tide is concentrated, fruiting in batch causes and adopts that mushroom labour intensity alleviates greatly and plucking time reduces, and helps suitability for industrialized production.

In a word, produce mushroom, help improving quality, output and the market competitiveness of mushroom and the economic benefit of cultivation and production according to the present invention.

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.

A kind of production technology provided by the present invention with surface detail mushroom, it is the production technology of flower mushroom, form by inoculation on log of fungus-growing materials, the long mushroom of bacteria, management of producing mushroom and mushroom-picking process, adopt the bright mushroom that gets off and make dried mushroom through " illumination dewatered drying method " again.The production technology of whole flower mushroom is controlled fully artificially, is a kind of to traditional long-term revolution by the planting technique of production mushroom under the natural conditions.Specific embodiment is as follows:

One, preparation log of fungus-growing materials:

The cork robur of selecting 10-20 to give birth to, (i.e. fallen leaves back) chops at a tree " to advance nine " preceding about 20 days in the Chinese lunar calendar.Cut the Duan Mu that the 7-10 days lopping fractures in back become 80 centimeter length, erect the wooden water content of the section for the treatment of and do about 70% and inoculate.

Two, the mushroom field is selected:

The mushroom field of cultivation flower mushroom requires: physical features is smooth, back of the body Northern Dynasties south, and thing ventilates, and the illumination abundance has the water source, and no termite should be arranged and be steeped waterlogging-resistantly, and the surrounding environment health is good.

Three, inoculation:

1, selects to adapt to the fruit body formation temperature and make cultivated species at 5-18 ℃ low form section banksia rose mushroom bacterial strain.

2, between inoculation temperature was selected 5-15 ℃, the no rainy day carried out.

3, inoculation method: continuous productive process is added a cover on implementation limit punching, edge joint kind, limit.For example, four-player operation: promptly a people is charged and attacked the hole with electric drill or belt on the bacterium material, and the hole spread geometry of being beaten is, close bacterium material two ends are quincunx, and metastomium is " product " font, and the dark 1.5cm in every cave goes into wooden 1cm, and the cave is apart from 10cm, line-spacing 8cm.It is most probably full that bacterial classification is filled out in two people inoculation, every cave; One people is covered the bark lid, and degree of tightness is moderate is advisable, and lid is than the big approximately 1-2cm in aperture.

4, pile up: adopt " placing formula vertically " to stack bacteria in postvaccinal mushroom wood, enclose with agricultural crop straw or cogongrass all around, pin limit clearance, and do not use diaphragm seal.

Four, the long mushroom stage management of bacteria:

With postvaccinal bacterium tube (being log of fungus-growing materials) immediately the branch kind in rain shade, stack the examination bacteria, in one meter of the high limit of heap, keep about 20 ℃ of temperature, humidity 70-75% notes ventilation, every 7-10 the sky, following left and right turning once, and take the circumstances into consideration water spray, regulate bacterium tube moisture.Through about 14 months bacteria, mycelia was covered with whole bacterium tube, the mutual knot of mycelia, this moment, there was the many places protuberance on bacterium tube surface, shows that hyphal development is vigorous if knocking the bacterium tube can send voiced sound, the maturation of nourishing and growing can be removed the bacterium tube fruiting to the off-the-shelf mushroom canopy.

Five, management of producing mushroom:

Should strengthen managing before and after the fruiting from time, illumination, temp. and humidity aspect, control mushroom mycelium reproductive growth, temperature remains on 8-16 ℃.

1, the time: be controlled at winter, spring fruiting in batch, autumn a small amount of fruiting, summer is fruiting not.

2, illumination: avoid the sunlight direct projection summer, spring and autumn is six fens cool places, four fens solar radiation, and winter is seven fens solar radiation, three fens cool places then.

3, temperature, humidity:

(1) before the fruiting, use plastic sheeting for farm use winter, spring and autumn adopts water spray measure (mushroom wood humidity about 85% this moment), widens day and night temperature 5-10 ℃, stimulates fruiting, about one week fruiting.

(2) behind the fruiting, should keep the temperature unanimity, relative moisture 70-75% and circulation of air, attention prevents to drench with rain and dew enters the mushroom surface and prolongation reaches more than 20 days vegetative period.

For example: when mushroom flower bud length is big to 1-2cm, increase illumination, half cloudy half light, when 2-4cm was big, illumination six positive four the moon kept the well-ventilated, and relative moisture is reduced to 70-75%.

When the mushroom flower bud grows up to mushroom shape, answer anti-rain, night dew, illumination seven positive three the moon, humidity is about 70%, and temperature is controlled at 10-15 ℃.

Through 20-30 days long mushroom process, about 75% mushroom surface obviously formed chrysanthemum line or moire, and this mushroom is flower mushroom.

Six, adopt mushroom:

When mushroom length arrives medium well, should in time adopt mushroom, will adopt the bright mushroom that gets off again and enter drying operation immediately.

Seven, drying:

Mushroom is plucked on the limit, and limit " illumination dewatered drying " divides grade packaged dried mushroom warehouse-in, and low temperature storage is for sale.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of production technology with surface detail mushroom is included on the log of fungus-growing materials inoculation, the long mushroom of bacteria and mushroom-picking process, drying again and the finished product mushroom, it is characterized in that between long mushroom of bacteria and mushroom-picking process, to aspect time, illumination, temp. and humidity, strengthen management of producing mushroom, specifically be

A, time:

Be controlled at winter, spring fruiting in batch, autumn a small amount of fruiting, summer is fruiting not,

B, illumination:

Avoid the sunlight direct projection summer, spring and autumn is six fens cool places, four fens sunlight, and winter is seven fens sunlight, three fens cool places then,

C, temperature, humidity:

Before the fruiting, adopt the water spray measure when using plastic sheeting for farm use, spring and autumn during winter, make 5～10 ℃ of day and night temperatures, stimulate fruiting,

Behind the fruiting, should keep temperature unanimity, relative moisture 70～75% and circulation of air, note preventing to drench with rain and dew enters the mushroom surface and prolongs more than vegetative period to 20 day.

2, the production technology of mushroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that described log of fungus-growing materials, is the cork robur of selecting the 10-20 age of tree for use, chops at a tree behind the fallen leaves, is truncated into 80 centimeters long Duan Mu.

3, the production technology of mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that inoculating in the operation, be with low form section banksia rose mushroom bacterial strain in the artificial hole that is inoculated into log of fungus-growing materials annual 11-12 month, bacterium material two ends pitch-row becomes quincunx arrangement, torso portion then becomes " product " font to arrange.

4, the production technology of mushroom according to claim 3 is characterized in that described Xianggu mushroom strain, and its fruit body formation temperature is 5-18 ℃.

5, the production technology of mushroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that being to adopt two systems in the long mushroom operation of described bacteria, the technology of kind separate management and manual adjustment bacteria environment, and the control mushroom mycelium is nourished and grown and reproductive growth.

6, the production technology of mushroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the described mushroom-picking process, is to adopt mushroom in the medium well phase.