CN111296195A - One-year three-crop fruiting cultivation method of red-meat pitaya - Google Patents
One-year three-crop fruiting cultivation method of red-meat pitaya Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for cultivating red-pulp dragon fruits with three crops in one year, which is characterized in that the method for cultivating and managing the dragon fruits combines the climatic characteristics of a production area and the growth and development rhythm and rule of crops, implements an intervention and regulation comprehensive measure means for the annual growth of the dragon fruits by using various cultivation measures such as light supplement to promote early fruiting of the dragon fruits, bud removal and peak staggering, light supplement to promote late fruiting of autumn, fruit winter suppression, uniform attack to spring tips and the like, and changes the rhythm that the natural fruits in an orchard are scattered and the fruiting is dispersed for a plurality of batches in one year but the stubble rhythm is not obvious; only 3 stubbles are left all the year around, each stubble has 1-3 batches of fruits, the orchard management can be more efficient and convenient, and meanwhile, the yield and the quality of the dragon fruits can be effectively improved.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a one-year three-crop fruiting cultivation method of red-pulp dragon fruits.
[ background of the invention ]
Pitaya is a new south subtropical fruit tree, the planting area in China is continuously enlarged in recent years, wherein red-pulp pitaya occupies most of the cultivation area, but if red-pulp pitaya naturally produces fruits, the red-pulp pitaya has multiple batches, low yield and inconsistent phenological periods, and the flower and fruit periods of the front batch and the back batch are connected and overlapped in a cross mode, so that the flower and fruit management difficulty, the workload and the fruit picking labor cost are increased; the natural result rate of the Guangxi producing area per year can reach 13-15 batches; the stubble times are not obvious and unclear, the fruiting period is from 6 months to 12 months, and basically, flowers and fruits of each batch are reserved. The average single-batch yield is low every 10-30 of the whole result period. Typically, since the first batch of flowers (usually small batches) appeared from the first ten days of month 5, and then the batches appeared every 10-20 days, the uncertainty of the number of buds or the batch size was relatively large. The rate of the bearing branches of the assembled flowers on the trees can reach 25-50% usually in the last ten days of 6 months. The fruit is ripe and listed in the peak period of 7-8 months all the year round, at the moment, high temperature and rain are caused, the temperature difference between day and night is small, the problems of poor fruit quality commodity, high proportion of small fruits, serious pest and disease damage, low selling price of fruits at the same level, high tree nutrition consumption, serious influence on tree vigor and the like often occur, and the orchard yield is often low before 6 months and after 12 months when the fresh fruit price is high, so that the planting benefit is relatively low, and the influence on the overall yield benefit of planting is maximum.
Therefore, in order to improve the planting efficiency and management efficiency of the pitaya, fully utilize the climate advantages of the producing area, avoid adverse influence factors, avoid the time period with lower price and the natural peak time for marketing, and exert the growth and development potential of crops, the improvement of the planting method of the pitaya is necessary, the pitaya can be uniformly and intensively managed, and the fruits with higher quality and high yield can be obtained.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of the above, there is a need for a method for cultivating red-fleshed pitaya with three-crop-one-year fruiting, which can perform grading and multi-crop-division management on the pitaya, fully utilize the climate advantages of the production area, avoid adverse influence factors, avoid the time period with lower price and the natural peak time for marketing, exert the growth and development potential of crops, and improve the economic benefit of the pitaya to the maximum extent.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of dividing annual planting management of the red-pulp dragon fruits into new season management and three crops of fruit management, wherein the new season is 1-4 months in the last ten days of month, the three crops of fruit management period is after the new season, and the maturation time of the first crop of fruit of the three crops is 6-7 months in the middle ten days of month; the secondary fruit ripening time of the second crop is in the middle of 9 months, and the secondary fruit ripening time of the third crop is in the middle of 12 months to 1 month in the next year;
the method for cultivating the dragon fruits by three cropping fruits in one year comprises the following steps:
the new period management method comprises the following steps: and (4) harvesting the fruits in the previous annual cycle before 1 in the middle ten days, and after trimming in winter, promoting the young shoots to sprout in 1-4 months, so that the total quantity of the young shoots reaches 33% of the total quantity of all the branches.
The three-crop fruit management period method comprises the following steps: a first, second and third crop flower and fruit management method;
the first batch of secondary flower and fruit management method comprises the following steps:
step F1: light supplement induction flower formation: performing artificial light supplement when the young sprout amount reaches 33% and the young sprout length is more than 10cm before and after 20 days in 3 months every year, and stopping light supplement until the total flowering branch forming rate of the first batch of flower buds is more than 33% in the last ten days of 4 months;
step F2: and (3) selecting and reserving buds of the first batch: after the flowers are induced by the light supplement in the first step, controlling the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate of the first batch of secondary fruits to be 30-50%; the buds on the branches of the previous year are reserved preferentially, and the partial buds with insufficient quantity can be reserved enough on the branches of the next year;
step F3: and (3) smearing late spring buds and summer buds: cutting off all young shoots which are extracted and sent after 5 months and 1 day;
step F4: removing buds which appear during the period from 1 day of 6 months to 10 days of 7 months;
step F5: harvesting the first crop of secondary fruits 10 days before 7 months;
the second crop secondary flower and fruit management method comprises the following steps:
step S1: the flower buds appearing from 11 days in 7 months to 10 days in 8 months are classified as second-crop secondary fruit flower buds, and the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate of the second-crop secondary fruits are controlled to be 25-35%; the buds on the branches of the last year are reserved preferentially, and the insufficient part can be properly reserved on the branches of the previous year;
step S2: removing buds which appear during the period from 8 months 11 days to 9 months 19 days;
step S3: harvesting second-crop secondary fruits 30 days before 9 months;
the method for managing the second-crop flowers and fruits comprises the following steps:
step K1: performing light supplement induction to grow flowers in 20 days after 9 months to 10 months;
step K2: the flower buds appearing in 20 to 10 th ten days of 9 months are classified as the third-time fruit flower buds, the flower buds on the current-year branches are preferentially reserved, and the insufficient part of the flower buds can be adequately reserved on the previous-year and last-year branches; controlling the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate of the third batch of secondary fruits to be 40-60%;
step K3: removing buds which appear after 11 months and 1 day;
step K4: the third crop of secondary fruits is harvested 14 days before 1 month in the next year.
Further, the total flowering branch rate is the ratio of the total number of flowering branches to the total number of branches; and the total resultant branch rate is the ratio of the total quantity of resultant branches to the total quantity of branches.
Further, said step F1And step K1The light supplement induction flowering method has the illumination intensity of more than 200lx and the light supplement time of 18: 30-23: 00.
Further, the main wavelength λ p of the light supplement lamp ranges from 457nm to 700 nm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the dragon fruit planting method disclosed by the invention combines the climatic characteristics of a production area and the growth rhythm and law of crops, implements an interference regulation comprehensive measure means on the annual growth of the dragon fruits by various cultivation measures such as light supplement for promoting early fruiting of spring, bud removal and peak staggering, light supplement for promoting late fruiting of autumn, fruit suppression of winter shoots, unified attack of spring shoots and the like, changes the rhythm that the natural fruits of an orchard are subjected to 'more than one year' but not obvious in stubble-level rhythm, only 3 stubbles are left in the whole year, and each stubble has 1-3 batches of fruits (1 peak value batch, and 1-2 auxiliary batches are added in the 1 peak value batch). "three-crop fruiting cultivation in one year" includes new shoot period (1-4 months), fruiting period is 5 months-1 month in the next year; the method is characterized in that the phenological season and the stubble season are clear and reasonable, the budding, flowering and maturation of a single stubble are uniform, the average yield is higher, the total annual yield is slightly higher than that of the natural growth, flowering and fruiting, 10-30 days of tree vigor recovery interval periods exist between every two stubbles, the maturation harvesting periods between every two adjacent stubbles are about 2 months different, and the orchard can be managed more efficiently and conveniently. Meanwhile, the yield and the quality of the pitaya subjected to centralized management are more in accordance with the growth rhythm and the growth rule of the pitaya, and the yield and the weight of a single fruit are effectively improved.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the growth of dragon fruit in the upper 6 th month of the control group according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the growth of dragon fruit in late 6 months according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the growth of dragon fruit in the upper 9 th month of the control group according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the growth of dragon fruit in late 9 months according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the growth of dragon fruit in late 12 months in the control group of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the growth of dragon fruit in late 12 months according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
the method for cultivating red-pulp dragon fruits by fruiting three crops in one year in the embodiment is characterized in that management is divided into three crops by manual intervention according to the characteristics of multiple batches and irregular growth of the dragon fruits, taking the Guangxi producing area as an example:
picking time of the first crop is in the middle 7 th of month; the second harvesting time is in the middle of 9 months, and the third harvesting time is in the middle of 12 months;
the main method comprises the following steps:
firstly, tree vigor recovery and vegetative growth stage: namely the stage from the end of harvesting of the fruits in the last production year to the bud emergence of the fruits in the first production year. (Guangxi main producing area is generally 1-4 months)
1. Winter shoots (before 1 month) with fruit suppression: light supplement induction is carried out, so that a large batch of fruits are hung on the plants of the dragon fruits in 12 months, the step can ensure that the plants cannot shoot winter shoots or rarely shoot winter shoots before harvesting, the tree bodies are basically mature old branches, and the tolerance to cold and freeze damage is strong. The light supplement induction method comprises the following steps: a light supplementing and flower forcing lamp special for dragon fruits is used for supplementing light to a lamp lighting at 18: 00-23: 00, and the light supplementing method comprises the following steps: projecting a pitaya catalytic lamp on the middle-lower section of a pitaya branch, wherein the illumination intensity of the catalytic lamp is 460lx, and the main wavelength lambdap range of a light supplement lamp is 700nm (the embodiment only discloses an optimal implementation mode, and experiments prove that the main wavelength lambdap range of the light supplement lamp is 457nm to 700nm, so that the pitaya can be effectively promoted to bud and bloom early);
2. spring shoot for unified attack and release (1-4 months)
1-2 months is a low-temperature period in winter, the tree body is dormant and the tree vigor is slowly recovered, and 2-15 days are finished by pruning and tapping water and fertilizer; uniformly tip and bud arrangement after the air is rewarming in 3 months; the young sprout is taken as the period of sprouting and elongation for 3-4 months.
Wherein, the dragon fruit is uniformly pruned in 15 days in 2 months, and the pruning method comprises the following steps: pruning all old, weak, sick and disabled shadow branches and all winter shoots and early spring shoots which are extracted 2 months and 15 days before.
The method for tapping the water and fertilizer comprises the following steps: preparing a water fertilizer: the mass ratio of N to P to K in the water fertilizer is 3 to 1 to 2, the fertilizer is applied once every 5 days,
the method for tip releasing and bud reserving comprises the following steps: when spring shoots are larger than 10cm in 3 months and 15 days, bud thinning and shoot fixing are carried out, and 3000 young shoots/667 m are reserved at proper density and consistency positions every year in the high yield period2。
The total new and old branches in 4 months are promoted to reach 33% of the total branches so as to maintain the alternating balance of the new and old branches.
And 4, 1 day after 4 months, before the spring shoots stretch and droop, an age separation line is pulled between the shoots of the next year and the young shoots of the current year, so that the branches extracted in different years are clearly separated, and the planned fruit retention measures in the flowering and fruiting stage are conveniently implemented.
II, a flowering fruiting stage: namely, the stage from the bud emergence of the first batch of fruits to the end of the harvest of the last batch of fruits in each year is divided into a first-batch flower and fruit management method, a second-batch flower and fruit management method and a third-batch flower and fruit management method; the ripening time of the first batch of secondary fruits is 6 to 7 ten days in the middle of the month; the secondary fruit ripening time of the second crop is in the middle of 9 months, and the secondary fruit ripening time of the third crop is in the middle of 12 months to 1 month in the next year;
1. the key steps of the first batch of secondary fruit management are as follows:
step F1: light supplement induction flower formation: after 20 days before and after 3 months every year, when the young sprout amount reaches 33 percent and the length of the young sprout is more than 10cm, carrying out artificial light supplement until the first bud in the last ten days of 4 monthsStopping light supplement when the total flowering branch forming rate is more than 33%; the light supplement induction method comprises the following steps: a light supplementing and flower forcing lamp special for dragon fruits is used for supplementing light to a lamp lighting at 18: 00-23: 00, and the light supplementing method comprises the following steps: projecting a pitaya catalytic lamp on the middle-lower segment of a pitaya branch, wherein the illumination intensity of the catalytic lamp is 2400lx, and the main wavelength lambdap range of a light supplement lamp is 610nm (the embodiment only discloses an optimal implementation mode, and experiments prove that the main wavelength lambdap range of the light supplement lamp is 457nm to 700nm, so that the pitaya can be effectively promoted to bud and bloom early);
step F2: and (3) selecting and reserving buds of the first batch: after the flowers are induced by the light supplement in the first step, the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate of the first batch of secondary fruits are controlled to be 40% (only one best implementation mode is disclosed in the embodiment, and the applicant researches show that the range of 30-50% of the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate of the first batch of secondary fruits can achieve the effect of the application, if the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate are less than 30%, the number of the results of the next two batches can be influenced, the yield is not high, and if the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate are higher than 50%, the rhythm of the results of the next two batches can be influenced, so that the later-stage management is disordered, the batch-dividing management cannot be well carried out, and the yield of the pitaya in the whole year can also be influenced); the buds on the branches of the previous year are reserved preferentially, and the partial buds with insufficient quantity can be reserved enough on the branches of the next year;
step F3: and (3) smearing late spring buds and summer buds: cutting off all young shoots which are extracted and sent after 5 months and 1 day;
step F4: removing buds which appear during the period from 1 day of 6 months to 10 days of 7 months;
step F5: harvesting the first crop of secondary fruits 10 days before 7 months;
2. the key steps of secondary fruit management of the second crop are as follows:
step S1: the buds appearing from 11 days to 10 days in 7 months are classified as second-crop buds, and the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate of the second crop buds are controlled to be 30% (the embodiment only discloses an optimal implementation mode, and the applicant researches show that the range of 25-35% of the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate of the first crop fruits can achieve the effect of the application, for example, the range of 25-35% of the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate of the first crop fruits can achieve the effect of the applicationIf the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate of the fruit assembly are less than 25%, the number of the next crop is influenced, so that the yield is not high, and if the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate are higher than 35%, the fruit development period of the pitaya is short, the load is too large, the small fruit rate is high, and the yield is reduced because the pitaya is a summer fruit at the moment); the buds on the branches of the last year are reserved preferentially, and the insufficient part can be properly reserved on the branches of the previous year;
step S2: removing buds which appear during the period from 8 months 11 days to 9 months 19 days;
step S3: harvesting second-crop secondary fruits 30 days before 9 months;
the method for managing the second-crop flowers and fruits comprises the following steps:
step K1: performing light supplement induction to grow flowers in 20 days after 9 months to 10 months; the light supplement induction method comprises the following steps: a light supplementing and flower forcing lamp special for dragon fruits is used for supplementing light to a lamp lighting at 18: 00-23: 00, and the light supplementing method comprises the following steps: projecting a pitaya catalytic lamp on the middle-lower segment of a pitaya branch, wherein the illumination intensity of the catalytic lamp is 1500lx, and the main wavelength lambdap range of a light supplement lamp is 457nm (the embodiment only discloses an optimal implementation mode, and experiments prove that the main wavelength lambdap range of the light supplement lamp is 457nm to 700nm, so that the pitaya can be effectively promoted to bud and bloom early);
step K2: the flower buds appearing in 20 to 10 th ten days of 9 months are classified as the third-time fruit flower buds, the flower buds on the current-year branches are preferentially reserved, and the insufficient part of the flower buds can be adequately reserved on the previous-year and last-year branches; the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate of the third batch of secondary fruits are controlled to be 50% (the embodiment only discloses an optimal embodiment, and the applicant researches show that the range of 40-60% of the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate of the first batch of secondary fruits can achieve the effect of the invention, if the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate are less than 40%, the yield of the pitaya is influenced, and if the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate are higher than 60%, the load of the pitaya is overlarge, the ratio of small fruits is high, the yield is reduced, but in autumn and winter, the load capacity of the pitaya branches is higher than the first batch and the second batch, and more fruiting branches can be remained);
step K3: removing buds which appear after 11 months and 1 day;
step K4: the third crop of secondary fruits is harvested 14 days before 1 month in the next year.
Note: the last year in this example is T-1 year of the control year (T), the previous year is T-2 year of the control year (T), and the next year is T +1 year of the control year (T);
the total flowering branch rate in this embodiment is the ratio of the total number of flowering branches to the total number of branches; the total fruiting branch rate is the ratio of the total quantity of fruiting branches to the total quantity of branches; in this embodiment, it is ensured that the total yield is equivalent to the total result rate in each step, and care should be taken to preserve flowers and fruits during the management process: if the flowers and fruits are too many, the flowers and fruits are removed, and if the rainfall probability is high in the evening on the full-bloom day, the flowers and the fruits should be bagged (cupped) after 4 pm, so that the flowers are kept and the pollination is promoted.
Control group:
the dragon fruit is planted by adopting a conventional method, namely, management measures of dividing the dragon fruit into multiple batches are not carried out, and other management modes of fertilization and pesticide application are consistent, namely, the dragon fruit is enabled to grow flowers and fruits by multiple batches according to a natural rule.
Experiment 1: planting observation experiment:
in 2018, the variety of the red meat dragon fruit of Guihonglong No. 1 is used as an object in Nanning city, the scheme of the embodiment of the invention is applied for cultivation and production, the 'natural flowering fruit' (the contrast group) is used as a contrast, 2 fruit modes are compared for time record analysis, and the specific time nodes for obtaining the flowering fruit are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 TABLE FOR RECORDING THE PERSONAL FLOWER RESULT OF THE CASTOR HONGLONG NO. 1 HONGROU HONGLONG FRUIT
The results show that the orchard in the embodiment only has 3 stubbles in the whole year, each stubble has 1-3 batches of fruits, the fruiting period is 5 months-1 month in the next year, the yield of a single stubble is higher, the total yield of the whole year is slightly higher than that of a natural growth result, the mature harvesting period of each stubble differs by about 2 months, but the time of the first batch to market is about 30 days earlier than that of the natural result, the second batch to market is mature before the mid-autumn festival, and the time of the third batch to market is 15-45 days later than that of the last batch of the natural result. The total management of three-crop fruits in the orchard is more labor-saving and efficient by implementing the technology.
In contrast, in the control group, 15 batches of fruits are blossomed all the year round, the stubble is not obvious and unclear, the fruiting period is from 6 months to 12 months, and basically flowers and fruits of each batch are reserved. And in the whole fruiting period, fruit batches are picked every 10-30 days, and the average single-batch yield is low. Typically, since the first batch of flowers (usually small batches) appeared from the first ten days of month 5, and then the batches appeared every 10-20 days, the uncertainty of the number of buds or the batch size was relatively large. The fruit ripening and marketing peak period all year round is mostly concentrated in the month period with high temperature and raininess, small temperature difference between day and night and low price, the problems of poor fruit quality commodity, high proportion of small fruits, serious pest and disease damage, low selling price of fruits at the same level, large nutrient consumption of trees, serious influence on tree vigor and the like often occur, and the orchard yield is often low before 6 months and after 12 months when the fresh fruit price is high, so that the planting benefit is relatively low.
As shown in fig. 1-6, fig. 1 and fig. 2 are graphs illustrating growth conditions of dragon fruits in a control group dragon fruit growing area (fig. 1) and an example dragon fruit growing area (fig. 2) at the same period (in the last 6 th month), as can be seen from the graphs, the large blossoming of the dragon fruits occurs in fig. 1, while the flowers of the dragon fruits in fig. 2 wither and have large fruitfuls, which illustrates that the application of the first-batch fruit control and management method of the present application can effectively promote the large-batch fruitings of the dragon fruits in advance in the first-batch time, and improve the management efficiency of the dragon fruits; fig. 3 and 4 are graphs showing growth conditions of the dragon fruits in the control group (fig. 3) and the example dragon fruit growing area (fig. 4) at the same period (last 9 months), as can be seen from the graphs, fig. 3 shows a small amount of dragon fruit fruits, and fig. 4 shows that the dragon fruits have large batches of results, which illustrates that the second batch of fruit control and management method of the present application can effectively promote large batches of results of the dragon fruits in the second batch of time, and effectively intervene in the technical problem of poor quality of the multiple batches of results of the dragon fruits; fig. 5 and 6 are graphs showing the growth conditions of the dragon fruits in the control group (fig. 5) and the example dragon fruit growing area (fig. 6) at the same period (12 th day), as can be seen from the graphs, fig. 5 shows that no dragon fruit exists, and the dragon fruits in fig. 6 are subjected to bagging, which illustrates that the application of the third-crop secondary fruit control and management method can effectively promote the mass production of the dragon fruits in the third-crop secondary time;
therefore, the dragon fruit is divided into 3 batches, and through controlling the growth of the dragon fruit, the technical problems that the quality of the dragon fruit is poor and the management is poor in multiple batches of the dragon fruit are effectively intervened in intervening the dragon fruit, the result time of the dragon fruit is effectively unified, the unified management of the dragon fruit is convenient, and the management efficiency and the quality of the dragon fruit are improved.
The present application also performed annual statistics on yield and average single fruit weight for the examples and controls, with statistical data as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 yield and average individual fruit weight of dragon fruit
As can be seen from table 2, the management method for the division of the stubble effectively improves the annual yield and the single fruit weight of the pitaya, improves the yield and the quality of the pitaya, is a planting method more suitable for the growth and development period of the pitaya compared with the prior art, and is worthy of popularization and application.
Experiment 2: the influence of illumination on the bud formation of the pitaya is researched:
the first crop of fruits in 3 months before and after the middle and late ten days (spring equinox) in production, the day temperature is stabilized above 20 ℃, and the number of young shoots is more than 3000/667 m2And when the average length is more than 10cm, starting to carry out artificial light supplement (or adopting other flower forcing methods). The light filling adopts the special light filling of dragon fruit to urge the flower lamp, and the light source of different wavelength peak height ratios and light intensity carries out the effect that the induced out-of-season flower was gone into to the dragon fruit of light filling processing and sees table 3:
TABLE 3 light source with different wavelength peak height ratio and light intensity for supplementing light to dragon fruit to induce out-of-season flower formation
Note: the illuminance is at a distance of 100cm, and the indoor temperature of the sunlight climate is '30 ℃ in the day/25 ℃ at night'. The difference is significant (P < 0.05) in different lower case letters after the same column of data; the flowering branch rate in the table is the ratio of the number of flowering branches to the total number of pitaya branches, and the flowering rate is the ratio of the number of flowering pitaya plants to the total number of pitaya plants.
As can be seen from Table 2, the number of buds, the flowering branch rate and the formation rate of A-C are all higher than those of CK group, which indicates that the light-induced flower can promote the dragon fruits to bud in advance, wherein, A > C > B of the flowering branch rate and the formation rate indicates that the light intensity is stronger, the longer the wavelength is, the more the number of buds of the dragon fruits is, the higher the flowering branch rate and the formation rate are. The blooming result will be different under the coordination of different light intensity and wavelength.
In the research of the applicant on the bud formation of the pitaya with different illumination intensities, the applicant finds that as the flowering branches of the pitaya are required to be at least more than 20%, the pitaya is illuminated at a distance of 100cm, and when the illumination intensity is less than 200nm, a large amount of buds of the pitaya branches cannot be formed, and the aim of flower forcing is not achieved (the flowering branch formation rate is less than 20%).
In conclusion, by using the planting method provided by the application, the dragon fruits are divided into 3 batches, and the growth vigor of the dragon fruits is controlled, so that the technical problems that the quality of the dragon fruits in multiple batches is poor and the management is not good are effectively solved, the fruiting time of the dragon fruits is effectively unified, the unified management of the dragon fruits is facilitated, and the management efficiency and the quality of the fruits are improved.
The above examples are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The method for cultivating the red-pulp dragon fruits with three fruiting crops in one year is characterized in that the method divides the annual planting management of the dragon fruits into a new season management and a three fruiting management, wherein the new season is 1 to 4 months in the last ten days of the month, the three fruiting management period is after the new season, and the maturation time of the first fruiting crop of the three fruiting crops is 6 to 7 days in the middle of the month; the secondary fruit ripening time of the second crop is in the middle of 9 months, and the secondary fruit ripening time of the third crop is in the middle of 12 months to 1 month in the next year;
the method for cultivating the dragon fruits by three cropping fruits in one year comprises the following steps:
the new period management method comprises the following steps: and (4) harvesting the fruits in the previous annual cycle before 1 in the middle ten days, and after trimming in winter, promoting the young shoots to sprout in 1-4 months, so that the total quantity of the young shoots reaches 33% of the total quantity of all the branches.
The three-crop fruit management period method comprises the following steps: a first, second and third crop flower and fruit management method;
the first batch of secondary flower and fruit management method comprises the following steps:
step F1: light supplement induction flower formation: performing artificial light supplement when the young sprout amount reaches 33% and the young sprout length is more than 10cm before and after 20 days in 3 months every year, and stopping light supplement until the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate of the first batch of fruits in the last ten days of 4 months are both more than 33%;
step F2: and (3) selecting and reserving buds of the first batch: after the flowers are induced by the light supplement in the first step, controlling the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate of the first batch of secondary fruits within the range of 30-50%; the buds on the branches of the previous year are reserved preferentially, and the partial buds with insufficient quantity can be reserved enough on the branches of the next year;
step F3: and (3) smearing late spring buds and summer buds: cutting off all young shoots which are extracted and sent after 5 months and 1 day;
step F4: removing buds which appear during the period from 1 day of 6 months to 10 days of 7 months;
step F5: harvesting the first crop of secondary fruits 10 days before 7 months;
the second crop secondary flower and fruit management method comprises the following steps:
step S1: the flower buds appearing from 11 days in 7 months to 10 days in 8 months are classified as second-crop secondary fruit flower buds, and the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate of the second-crop secondary fruits are controlled to be 25-35%; the buds on the branches of the last year are reserved preferentially, and the insufficient part can be properly reserved on the branches of the previous year;
step S2: removing buds which appear during the period from 8 months 11 days to 9 months 19 days;
step S3: harvesting second-crop secondary fruits 30 days before 9 months;
the method for managing the second-crop flowers and fruits comprises the following steps:
step K1: performing light supplement induction to grow flowers in 20 days after 9 months to 10 months;
step K2: the flower buds appearing in 20 to 10 th ten days of 9 months are classified as the third-time fruit flower buds, the flower buds on the current-year branches are preferentially reserved, and the insufficient part of the flower buds can be adequately reserved on the previous-year and last-year branches; controlling the total flowering branch rate and the total fruiting branch rate of the third batch of secondary fruits to be 40-60%;
step K3: removing buds which appear after 11 months and 1 day;
step K4: the third crop of secondary fruits is harvested 14 days before 1 month in the next year.
2. The method for cultivating red-flesh dragon fruit with three-crop-one-year-old fruit bearing according to claim 1, wherein the total flowering rate is the ratio of the total number of flowering branches to the total number of branches; and the total resultant branch rate is the ratio of the total quantity of resultant branches to the total quantity of branches.
3. The method for cultivating red-pulp dragon fruit with three fruit crops in one year according to claim 1, wherein the step F is carried out1And step K1The light supplement induction flowering method has the illumination intensity of more than 200lx and the light supplement time of 18: 30-23: 00.
4. The method for cultivating red-pulp dragon fruit trees twice a year according to claim 3, wherein the dominant wavelength λ p of the light supplement lamp is 457-700 nm.
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