CN111280296A - Processing method for feed utilization of cotton straws and application of processing method - Google Patents
Processing method for feed utilization of cotton straws and application of processing method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Birds (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method for feed utilization of cotton straws and application thereof. Removing dust and soil impurities from cotton straws by a vibrating screen, and soaking in water; crushing cotton straws to obtain crushed cotton straws; mixing the crushed cotton straws with common feed according to a weight ratio; adding the crushed cotton straw into microbial fermentation bacteria, uniformly stirring, and performing anaerobic fermentation in a fermentation tank; and drying the fermented mixture, and then putting the dried mixture into a granulator for granulation to obtain the granular fermented feed. According to the invention, the waste cotton straws are used as a main raw material, rumen microorganisms can fully contact with cotton straw fibers, and the activity of rumen microorganisms is promoted, so that the synthetic amount of rumen microbial protein and volatile fatty acid is increased, the nutritional value and digestibility of the cotton straws are improved, the cotton straws are changed into high-quality feed for animals such as cattle, sheep and the like, and the weight gain of the animals such as cattle, sheep and the like is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural and sideline products and feed processing, in particular to a processing method for feed utilization of cotton straws and application thereof.
Background
China is a big agricultural country but has deficient forage, in order to adapt to the change of diet of people, China is developing animal husbandry vigorously, the forage problem is severe, and the state proposes policies such as 'no-grazing', 'rotation grazing', 'captive breeding' and the like in order to improve ecological environment and reproduce beautiful mountains, thereby further increasing the demand for forage. The shortage of forage grass is more prominent, the development of grain-saving animal husbandry becomes the key of animal husbandry development, and various crop straw feeds are developed rapidly. The cotton stalk is the most abundant renewable biological resource in Xinjiang, and becomes waste and an environmental pollution source due to the improvement of rural economic development and farmer life.
The cotton straw contains higher lignin and free gossypol, which are main factors influencing the utilization of the cotton straw feed. The cotton straws are high in lignin content, so that the cotton straws are poor in palatability and low in digestibility when being directly fed to cattle and sheep, and free gossypol in the cotton straws exceeds a safety limit, so that adverse factors such as growth retardation of livestock, reduction of physique, abortion and stillbirth of pregnant females and the like are caused. At present, in production, cotton straws are treated by referring to treatment methods of crop straws, such as crushing, alkalization, ammoniation, micro-storage, granulation, steam explosion and the like, but the problem of large-scale processing of the cotton straws as feed cannot be solved, namely the problems of cotton straw digestion rate improvement and gossypol degradation are not solved at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides a processing method for feed utilization of cotton straws and application thereof, which can improve the utilization rate.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and achieve the technical effect, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a processing method for feed utilization of cotton straws and application thereof comprise the following steps:
removing dust and soil impurities from cotton straws by using a vibrating screen, and soaking in water;
crushing cotton straws to obtain crushed cotton straws;
mixing the crushed cotton straws with a common feed according to a weight ratio of 4-6: 1;
step four, adding the crushed cotton straws into microbial fermentation bacteria, uniformly stirring, and performing anaerobic fermentation in a fermentation tank;
and step five, drying the fermented mixture, and then putting the dried mixture into a granulator for granulation to obtain the granular fermented feed.
Preferably, in the processing method and the application thereof for feed utilization of cotton straws, the length of the crushed cotton straws in the second step is set to be 10-40 mm, and the temperature during crushing is set to be 40-80 ℃.
Preferably, in the processing method for feed utilization of cotton straws and the application thereof, the temperature of the fermentation tank is set to be 20-30 ℃, and the fermentation time is set to be 40-120 hours.
Preferably, in the processing method for feed utilization of cotton straw and the application thereof, the adding method of the microbial fermentation tubes in the fourth step is as follows: adding 1.5kg of water into every 100g of microbial inoculum, adding 200kg of water, diluting, fermenting, and uniformly spraying on pulverized cotton stalk after the flora is activated and propagated to reach peak after 9-12 hr.
Preferably, in the processing method for feed utilization of cotton straws and the application thereof, the common feed in the third step comprises vegetable materials, physical materials and trace element materials.
Preferably, in the processing method and the application thereof for the utilization of the cotton straw feed, a filter screen with the aperture of 10-25 mm is arranged at a discharge port of the granulator in the fifth step, and crushed materials filtered by the filter screen are put into the granulator again for granulation to obtain the granular fermented feed.
Preferably, in the processing method for feed utilization of cotton straws and the application thereof, the cotton straw feed particles prepared in the fifth step can be applied to feeding and breeding of ruminants.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can effectively utilize the waste cotton straw, increase the feed variety of the ruminant and reduce the animal feeding cost and the feed production cost; wheat bran mixing is added, and the nutritional ingredients are improved; meanwhile, the feed is well formed and easy to transport and store.
The waste cotton straws are used as the main raw material, so that farmers change waste into valuable; the particles manufactured by the method are beneficial to transportation and storage, realize utilization in different places, and protect the environment while enabling farmers to create income; after fermentation, the cellulose and lignin in the cotton straw are partially degraded, and the composite structure of the cellulose and lignin is broken. Therefore, rumen microorganisms can fully contact with cotton straw fibers, and the activity of rumen microorganisms is promoted, so that the synthetic amount of rumen microbial protein and volatile fatty acid is increased, the nutritional value and digestibility of cotton straws are improved, the cotton straws are changed into high-quality feed for animals such as cattle and sheep, and the weight gain of the animals such as cattle and sheep is promoted.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the flow structure of the cotton straw forage processing method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the composition and feeding amount of the experimental sheep feed.
FIG. 3 shows the comparison of the total and daily gains of experimental sheep in each group.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment is a processing method for forage utilization of cotton straw and an application thereof, including the following steps:
removing dust and soil impurities from cotton straws by using a vibrating screen, and soaking in water;
crushing cotton straws to obtain crushed cotton straws, wherein the crushed length of the cotton straws is set to be 10-40 mm, and the temperature during crushing is set to be 40-80 ℃;
mixing the crushed cotton straws with a common feed according to a weight ratio of 4-6: 1, wherein the common feed comprises plant materials, physical materials and trace element materials;
step four, adding the crushed cotton straws into microbial fermentation bacteria, wherein the adding method of the microbial fermentation bacteria comprises the following steps: adding 1.5kg of water into every 100g of microbial inoculum, adding 200kg of water, diluting, fermenting, after 9-12 hours, uniformly spraying on pulverized cotton straw when the flora is activated and propagated to reach the peak, stirring uniformly, performing anaerobic fermentation in a fermentation tank, setting the temperature of the fermentation tank at 20-30 ℃, and setting the fermentation time at 40-120 hours;
and step five, drying the fermented mixture, then putting the dried mixture into a granulator for granulation to obtain granular fermented feed, wherein a discharge port of the granulator for granulation is provided with a filter screen with the aperture of 10-25 mm, and the crushed material filtered by the filter screen is put into the granulator for granulation again to obtain the granular fermented feed, wherein the prepared cotton straw feed granules can be applied to feeding and breeding of ruminants, the ruminants are fed in groups and fed with free water for twice at 09:00 and 19:30 every day, and 15% of the residual material amount is kept every day.
The fermented cotton straw feed is used for cattle and sheep experiments, and 50 pluronic hybrid sheep are selected as test sheep as test materials, wherein the male sheep and the female sheep are half of male sheep and half of female sheep. The experimental design is divided into 4 groups of 1 group and a fattening public group of 1 group and 2 groups according to different addition proportions of coarse fodder in the daily ration of the experimental sheep. The fattening 1 group is divided into a granular feed group (5) and a mixed material group (5) for feeding comparison test; the fattening group 2 is divided into a granule group (5) and a mixture group (5) for feeding comparison tests. 2. The breeding ewes are divided into a nonpregnant ewe group and a pregnant ewe group. The nonpregnant ewe group is divided into a granular feed group (5) and a mixed material group (5) for feeding comparison test; the components of the pregnant ewe were fed to a pellet group (5) and a puggy family group (5) for comparative tests. 3. The male lambs spike grain group (5) was cultivated. 4. The mother lamb pellet group (5) was bred. The test pre-feeding period is 10 d; a positive test period of 50 d; the test period is 60 days. Test sheep were fed in groups of free feeding and free drinking in a breeding house in the same environment twice a day at 09:00 and 19:30, with 15% of the remainder being maintained each day.
Results and analyses according to fig. 2, 3; the feeding effect can be seen from the table 2 that 1, the particle feed group and the mixture group are compared, the total weight gain of the particle feed group is higher (1.48+0.20) kg than that of the mixture group, and the daily gain is higher (30+6) g; compared with the mixed material group, the total weight gain of the particle material group is 1.77+0.40 kg higher than that of the mixed material group, and the daily weight gain of the particle material group is 35+15 g higher than that of the mixed material group. The total weight gain of the fattening 1 granular material group and the fattening 2 granular material group compared with the total weight gain of the granular material group 1 is higher than that of the granular material group 2 by (1.46+0.10) kg, and the total weight gain of the fattening 2 granular material group compared with the granular material group 2 is higher by (30+14) g; comparing the fattening 1 granule group with the fattening 2 mixture group, the total weight gain of the granule 1 group is higher (3.23+0.30) kg than that of the mixed 2 group; the daily gain is high (65+1) g. Compared with the fattening 2 granule group, the fattening 1 mixture group has little difference; compared with the mixed material group of the fattening 1 and the mixed material group of the fattening 2, the total weight gain of the mixed material group of the fattening 1 is higher (1.75+0.10) kg than that of the mixed material group of the fattening 2, and the H weight gain is higher (35+5) g. 2. Compared with a mixed material group, the particle material group of the nonpregnant ewe group has the advantages that the total weight gain of the particle material group is higher than that of the mixed material group by (6.83+0.20) kg, the daily weight gain of the particle material group is higher than that of the mixed material group by (137+34), the particle material group of the pregnant ewe group is compared with that of the mixed material group, the pregnant ewe group has lamb lactation due to lambs, the weight of the pregnant ewe is reduced, but the total weight gain of the particle material group is higher than that of the mixed material group by (2.3+0.20) kg, the H weight gain is higher by (46+9) g, the particle material group is large in a breast room during feeding, the lactation period is long, the milk amount is. 3. The grain feed group weight gain of male and female lambs is realized by that 50d of male and female lambs fed by farmers traditionally in actual production has average total weight gain of about 7.5kg and daily weight gain of about 150g, that of male lambs fed by farmers traditionally (8.65+1.10) kg and daily weight gain of (173+33) g, that of female lambs fed by farmers (7.75+1.30) kg and daily weight gain of (155+31) g is obviously improved compared with that of male and female lambs fed by farmers traditionally; the test sheep of the granule group are not selected to eat, the feed intake rate is high, the nutritional requirements of the test sheep can be met, the absorption and conversion of nutritional ingredients are promoted, and the daily gain is fast. The test of the mixture group shows that the sheep has low food preference and feed intake, slow absorption and conversion and slow daily gain.
The waste cotton straws are used as the main raw material, so that farmers change waste into valuable; the particles manufactured by the method are beneficial to transportation and storage, realize utilization in different places, and protect the environment while enabling farmers to create income; after fermentation, the cellulose and lignin in the cotton straw are partially degraded, and the composite structure of the cellulose and lignin is broken. Therefore, rumen microorganisms can fully contact with cotton straw fibers, and the activity of rumen microorganisms is promoted, so that the synthetic amount of rumen microbial protein and volatile fatty acid is increased, the nutritional value and digestibility of cotton straws are improved, the cotton straws are changed into high-quality feed for animals such as cattle and sheep, and the weight gain of the animals such as cattle and sheep is promoted.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A processing method for feed utilization of cotton straws and application thereof are characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
removing dust and soil impurities from cotton straws by using a vibrating screen, and soaking in water;
crushing cotton straws to obtain crushed cotton straws;
mixing the crushed cotton straws with a common feed according to a weight ratio of 4-6: 1;
step four, adding the crushed cotton straws into microbial fermentation bacteria, uniformly stirring, and performing anaerobic fermentation in a fermentation tank;
and step five, drying the fermented mixture, and then putting the dried mixture into a granulator for granulation to obtain the granular fermented feed.
2. The processing method and the application of the cotton straw forage utilization according to claim 1, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: and in the second step, the length of the crushed cotton straws is set to be 10-40 mm, and the temperature during crushing is set to be 40-80 ℃.
3. The processing method and the application of the cotton straw forage utilization according to claim 1, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step, the temperature of the fermentation tank is set to be 20-30 ℃, and the fermentation time is set to be 40-120 hours.
4. The processing method and the application of the cotton straw forage utilization according to claim 1, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: the adding method of the microbial zymophyte in the step four comprises the following steps: adding 1.5kg of water into every 100g of microbial inoculum, adding 200kg of water, diluting, fermenting, and uniformly spraying on pulverized cotton stalk after the flora is activated and propagated to reach peak after 9-12 hr.
5. The processing method and the application of the cotton straw forage utilization according to claim 1, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: the common feed in the third step comprises vegetable material, physical material and trace element material.
6. The processing method and the application of the cotton straw forage utilization according to claim 1, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: and a discharge port of the granulator for granulation in the fifth step is provided with a filter screen with the aperture of 10-25 mm, and the crushed materials filtered by the filter screen are put into the granulator again for granulation to obtain the granular fermented feed.
7. The processing method and the application of the cotton straw forage utilization according to claim 1, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: the cotton straw feed particles prepared in the fifth step can be applied to feeding and breeding of ruminants, wherein the ruminants can freely feed and drink water in groups, the feeding is carried out twice every day at 09:00 and 19:30 minutes, and 15% of residue is kept every day.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105795127A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-07-27 | 仲伟仓 | Cotton straw feed for ruminant animals and processing method of feed |
| CN109832431A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2019-06-04 | 广西北流市红日紫瓷业有限公司 | A method of use cotton stalk to make fermented feed for raw material |
| CN109832438A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2019-06-04 | 广西北流市红日紫瓷业有限公司 | A method of use peanut straw to make fermented feed for raw material |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105795127A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-07-27 | 仲伟仓 | Cotton straw feed for ruminant animals and processing method of feed |
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Application publication date: 20200616 |