CN111184135A - Suaeda salsa pellet feed and application thereof in sheep breeding - Google Patents
Suaeda salsa pellet feed and application thereof in sheep breeding Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses suaeda salsa granulated feed and application thereof in sheep breeding, wherein corn straws, suaeda salsa I leaves and stems and bran are fermented by using a mixed microbial inoculum and a cellulase preparation, the silage replaces partial forage corn straws and fine fodder, and then the silage is compounded with 40 parts of alfalfa, 24 parts of corn flour, 18 parts of suaeda salsa I seeds, 16 parts of bean cakes, 2 parts of bone meal and 1 part of salt to prepare the suaeda salsa granulated feed; the suaeda salsa granulated feed takes the salt content of halophytes and the salt content of livestock as the basis, the proportion of the granulated feed is optimized, mineral elements contained in the granulated feed can effectively meet the requirement of livestock growth, and the protein and oil substance components of the granulated feed improve the quality of the feed, so that the granulated feed has good palatability and high feed intake rate; the weight of the sheep is increased, the meat purity is improved, the meat quality of the sheep is improved, and the method has wide and practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of feeds, in particular to a suaeda glauca bunge pellet feed and the technical field of application thereof in sheep breeding.
Background
Xinjiang is a typical inland arid region, the soil salinization degree is generally high, the problem of hindering the agricultural development of the region is solved, and the suaeda salsa is the plant with the most ideal effect of improving the saline-alkali soil among a plurality of halophytes. Suaeda salsa (Linn.) Pall), a true halophyte of the genus Suaeda of the family Chenopodiaceae, absorbs large amounts of soluble salts during growth and accumulates these salts in the body. Researches show that after the suaeda salsa is fed to sheep, the mutton smell can be improved, the mutton quality can be improved and the like, but due to the reasons that the suaeda salsa has higher salt content, fresh weight contains about 4% of salt, the palatability is poor, direct feeding is performed, the feed intake of livestock is low and the like, the later-period use rate of the suaeda salsa is low, a large amount of resources are wasted, and the attention of researchers is paid to how to consider the feeding value of the suaeda salsa so as to obtain the ecological and economic double benefits.
Suaeda salsa I in Xinjiang has strong growth vigor, fast growth and high seed setting rate in high saline-alkali soil, has the advantages of drought resistance, cold resistance, saline-alkali resistance, soil barrenness resistance and the like, and is a good crop for saline-alkali soil treatment. Meanwhile, the plant of Suaeda salsa I in Xinjiang has abundant crude protein, crude fat, betaine and various mineral substances, has high nutritive value, has amino acid composition similar to common cereal and bean protein, and can be used as high-quality livestock forage. Therefore, the Suaeda salsa I in Xinjiang has wide market prospect and development potential in the aspects of feed product development and ecological environment control. However, the fresh weight and the salt content of the first suaeda salsa in Xinjiang are high, the palatability is poor, so that how to play the feeding value of the first suaeda salsa in Xinjiang is important, and the exploration of the addition range and the optimal addition amount of the first suaeda salsa in the sheep ration is particularly important.
In order to increase the amount of high-fiber feed digested by ruminants and herbivorous animals and even enable monogastric animals to better utilize the high-fiber feed, processing methods such as ensiling, cellulase treatment, ammoniation, kneading, micro-storage and the like are developed, and the palatability is obviously improved compared with the high-fiber feed such as corn straws and the like. The semi-dry silage, namely low-moisture silage, is one kind of silage, the moisture content of the raw material of the semi-dry silage is low, so that microorganisms are in a physiological dry state, growth and reproduction are inhibited, the fermentation of the microorganisms in the feed is weak, and nutrients are not decomposed, thereby achieving the purpose of preserving the nutrients.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide suaeda salsa granulated feed and application thereof in sheep breeding, aiming at the technical current situation that the palatability of halophyte feed is improved by adding ensiled composite granulated feed of sinkiang suaeda salsa one leaf and stem and sinkiang suaeda salsa one seed in sheep ration in the prior art. The invention prepares the Suaeda salsa granulated feed by fermenting the leaf and stem of Suaeda salsa I, the corn straw and the bran of Xinjiang by using a mixed microbial inoculum and a cellulase preparation, replacing partial forage corn straw and concentrate with the silage, and compounding with Suaeda salsa I, alfalfa, corn flour, bean cakes, bone meal and salt of Xinjiang; the suaeda salsa granulated feed takes the salt content of halophyte and the salt demand of livestock as the basis, and the proportion of the granulated feed is optimized, mineral elements contained in the suaeda salsa granulated feed can effectively meet the growth demand of the livestock, and the protein and oil substance components of the suaeda salsa granulated feed improve the quality of the feed, so that the feed has good palatability and high feed intake rate; the weight of the sheep is increased, the meat purity is improved, the meat quality of the sheep is improved, and the method has wide and practical value.
The invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
the invention specifically provides suaeda salsa granulated feed which comprises, by weight, 119 parts of silage 113, 35-45 parts of alfalfa, 22-26 parts of corn flour, 16-20 parts of first seeds of suaeda salsa in Xinjiang, 14-18 parts of bean cakes, 1-3 parts of bone meal and 1-2 parts of salt.
The silage comprises, by weight, corn straws, suaeda salsa I leaves and stalks, bran (14-16) and silage (3-5).
Preferably, the suaeda salsa granulated feed comprises 116 parts of silage, 40 parts of alfalfa, 24 parts of corn flour, 18 parts of first seeds of suaeda salsa in Xinjiang, 16 parts of bean cakes, 2 parts of bone meal and 1 part of salt in parts by weight.
Preferably, the silage comprises corn straws, suaeda salsa first-grade leaves and stems, and bran 15:15:4 in parts by weight.
Meanwhile, the invention provides a preparation method of the suaeda salsa granulated feed, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) crushing aired alfalfa into 1-2mm, squeezing aired Suaeda salsa I seeds to break shells, and respectively crushing fresh corn straws and fresh Suaeda salsa I leaf stalks into 4-6mm long parts for later use;
(2) mixing the first Suaeda salsa leaf and stem, the corn straw and the bran crushed in the step (1) to obtain a fermentation raw material, adding 6-10% of cellulase preparation into the fermentation raw material according to the weight percentage, carrying out enzymolysis at the temperature of 46-52 ℃ for 6-10 hours, adding 6-10% of microbial preparation, mixing, sealing and fermenting, wherein the fermentation temperature is 26-32 ℃, and the fermentation time is 18-22 days to prepare a low-moisture silage;
(3) drying the silage prepared in the step (2) at a low temperature to enable the water content to reach 8-10%;
(4) the silage, alfalfa, Suaeda salsa I seed, corn flour, bean cake, bone meal and salt which are dried and prepared in the steps are fully stirred and mixed, and are conveyed to pellet feed extrusion equipment for extrusion and granulation to form 2-3cm cylindrical feed pellets.
The Suaeda salsa I selected in the invention is a good variety bred by preferably selecting a good single plant of Suaeda salsa from the combination of soil fertilizer and agricultural water-saving research institute of Sinkiang agricultural academy and the ecological and geographical research institute of Sinkiang academy of China academy of sciences, passes the review and certification of the good variety approval committee of the Uygur autonomous region of Sinkiang in 2018 and is suitable for being planted in soil with generally high soil salinization degree.
In the invention, the leaves and stems of Suaeda salsa I in Xinjiang and the seeds of Suaeda salsa I in Xinjiang are grown to the maturing stage and collected.
In the invention, the enzyme activity of the cellulase preparation is 100-120 ten thousand U/g.
In the invention, the composite microbial preparation is prepared from bacillus coagulans (Bacillus coagulans) according to the volume ratio: bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis): lactobacillus plantarum (lactobacillus plantarum): mixing Streptococcus thermophilus (Streptococcus thermophilus) 2:1:2:1, preparing to obtain composite microbial preparation, and detecting viable count to 1 × 109cfu/ml。
Preferably, according to the invention, the first suaeda salsa leaf and stem, the corn straw and the bran of Xinjiang are mixed to obtain the fermentation raw material, according to the weight percentage, 8% of cellulase preparation is firstly added into the fermentation raw material, the enzymolysis temperature is 48-50 ℃, the enzymolysis is carried out for 8 hours, then 8% of microbial preparation is added, the mixture is sealed and fermented, the fermentation temperature is 28-30 ℃, the fermentation time is 20 days, and the low-moisture silage is prepared.
In the invention, the silage is dried at low temperature, and the drying temperature is 40-45 ℃.
Further, the invention provides application of the suaeda salsa pellet feed in sheep breeding.
The method comprises the steps of carrying out silage fermentation on the first-grade suaeda salsa leaf and stem, corn straw and bran of Xinjiang through a composite microbial preparation prepared by compatibility of four bacteria, namely bacillus coagulans, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and streptococcus thermophilus, preparing the low-moisture silage, carrying out composite compatibility use on various different strains through the specificity and complexity of microbial strains, considering the safety and high efficiency of the composite strains, particularly applying the composite strains to the preparation of the low-moisture silage, and needing a large amount of basic test verification. The mineral elements contained in the feed can effectively meet the growth requirements of livestock, the protein and oil substance components of the feed improve the quality of the feed, and the feed has good palatability and high feed intake rate; in the process of feeding sheep, the feed is beneficial to the weight increase of the sheep, the net meat rate is improved, and the mutton improves the meat quality, and has wide and practical value.
In the invention, four kinds of bacteria selected from Bacillus coagulans (Bacillus coagulans), Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) and streptococcus thermophilus (Streptococcus thermophilus) are common publicly known strains, and can be purchased through public channels by ordinary technicians in the field, and culture conditions and culture media of the four kinds of bacteria can be obtained by common reports in the field.
By implementing the specific inventive content of the present invention, the following specific beneficial effects can be achieved:
(1) the suaeda salsa granulated feed prepared by the invention takes the salt content of halophyte and the salt content required by livestock as the basis, and optimizes the proportion of the granulated feed, the mineral elements contained in the suaeda salsa granulated feed can effectively meet the growth requirement of the livestock, and the protein and oil substance components of the suaeda salsa granulated feed improve the quality of the feed, so that the feed has good palatability and high feed intake rate; the weight of the sheep is increased, the meat purity is improved, the meat quality of the sheep is improved, and the method has wide and practical value.
(2) The invention discloses a suaeda salsa granulated feed, which comprises 116 parts of silage, 40 parts of alfalfa, 24 parts of corn flour, 18 parts of first seeds of suaeda salsa in Xinjiang, 16 parts of bean cakes, 2 parts of bone meal and 1 part of salt in a formula in a sheep feeding test, wherein the silage is corn straws: suaeda salsa I leaf and stem in Xinjiang: performing enzymolysis on bran 15:15:4 with 8% cellulase preparation at 48-50 deg.C for 8 hr, then 8 percent of microbial preparation is added, the mixture is sealed and fermented, the fermentation temperature is 28 to 30 ℃, the fermentation time is 20 days, the silage with low water content is obtained, the prepared suaeda salsa granulated feed is obviously higher than other groups, compared with the conventional feed feeding group, the height is increased by 4.1%, the body length is increased by 6.5%, the body weight is increased by 23.3%, and the net meat rate is increased by 4.8%, which indicates that the feeding and fattening effects of the formula are best.
(3) According to the invention, in the process of preparing the silage, the composite microbial preparation and the cellulase preparation which are compatible with the bacillus coagulans, the bacillus subtilis, the lactobacillus plantarum and the streptococcus thermophilus are used for silage fermentation of the first-grade suaeda salsa leaf stem, the corn straw and the bran of Xinjiang, so that the low-moisture silage is prepared, and different strains and the enzyme preparation can be compositely compatible for use by utilizing the specificity and complexity of the microbial strains and the high efficiency and specificity of the enzyme preparation, so that the safety and the high efficiency of the strains and the enzyme preparation are considered, a higher relative feeding value is obtained, and the forage grass digestion and utilization of sheep are facilitated.
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Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
All raw and auxiliary materials selected for use in the present invention, as well as methods for culturing the selected bacterial species, are well known and used in the art, and all percentages referred to herein are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
The first embodiment is as follows: suaeda salsa granulated feed
The invention specifically provides suaeda salsa granulated feed which comprises, by weight, 119 parts of silage 113, 35-45 parts of alfalfa, 22-26 parts of corn flour, 16-20 parts of first seeds of suaeda salsa in Xinjiang, 14-18 parts of bean cakes, 1-3 parts of bone meal and 1-2 parts of salt.
The silage comprises, by weight, corn straws, suaeda salsa I leaves and stalks, bran (14-16) and silage (3-5).
Example two: preparation method of suaeda salsa pellet feed
The invention provides a preparation method of the suaeda salsa granulated feed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing aired alfalfa into 1-2mm, squeezing aired suaeda salsa seeds to break shells, and respectively crushing fresh corn straws and fresh suaeda salsa I leaves and stems into 4-6mm long for later use;
(2) mixing the first Suaeda salsa leaf and stem, the corn straw and the bran crushed in the step (1) to obtain a fermentation raw material, adding 6-10% of cellulase preparation into the fermentation raw material according to the weight percentage, carrying out enzymolysis at 45-52 ℃ for 5-10 hours, adding 6-10% of microbial preparation, mixing, sealing and fermenting, wherein the fermentation temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the fermentation time is 18-22 days to prepare a low-moisture silage;
(3) drying the silage prepared in the step (2) at a low temperature to enable the water content to reach 8-10%;
(4) the silage, alfalfa, Suaeda salsa I seed, corn flour, bean cake, bone meal and salt which are dried and prepared in the steps are fully stirred and mixed, and are conveyed to pellet feed extrusion equipment for extrusion and granulation to form 2-3cm cylindrical feed pellets.
In the invention, the Suaeda salsa I in Xinjiang is planted in soil with generally high soil salinization degree, and the leaf and stem of the Suaeda salsa I in Xinjiang and the seeds of the Suaeda salsa I in Xinjiang grow to the maturing stage for harvesting.
In the invention, the enzyme activity of the cellulase preparation is 100-120 ten thousand U/g.
In the invention, the composite microbial preparation is prepared from bacillus coagulans (Bacillus coagulans) according to the volume ratio: bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis): lactobacillus plantarum (lactobacillus plantarum): mixing Streptococcus thermophilus (Streptococcus thermophilus) 2:1:2:1, preparing to obtain composite microbial preparation, and detecting viable count to 1 × 109cfu/ml。
In the invention, the silage is dried at low temperature, and the drying temperature is 40-45 ℃.
Example three: suaeda salsa granulated feed
Suaeda salsa granulated feed comprises 119kg of silage, 35kg of alfalfa, 22kg of corn flour, 20kg of first seeds of Suaeda salsa, 18kg of bean cakes, 2kg of bone meal and 1kg of salt; the silage fermentation raw material is corn straw, namely suaeda salsa first leaf and stem, namely bran, 16:15:3, after mixing, 10% of cellulase preparation is firstly used, the enzymolysis temperature is 50-52 ℃, the enzymolysis is carried out for 6 hours, then 6% of microbial preparation is added, after mixing, sealing fermentation is carried out, the fermentation temperature is 26-28 ℃, the fermentation time is 22 days, and the low-moisture silage is prepared.
Example four: suaeda salsa granulated feed
Suaeda salsa granulated feed comprises 113kg of silage, 35kg of alfalfa, 22kg of corn flour, 16kg of first seeds of Suaeda salsa, 14kg of bean cakes, 1kg of bone meal and 2kg of salt; the silage fermentation raw material is corn straw, namely first suaeda salsa leaf and stem, namely bran, 14:14:3, after mixing, firstly using 6% cellulase preparation, performing enzymolysis at 46-48 ℃ for 6 hours, then adding 6% microbial preparation, mixing, sealing and fermenting, wherein the fermentation temperature is 26-28 ℃, and the fermentation time is 18 days, thus obtaining the low-moisture silage.
Example five: suaeda salsa granulated feed
Suaeda salsa granulated feed comprises 116kg of silage, 40kg of alfalfa, 24kg of corn flour, 18kg of first seeds of Suaeda salsa, 16kg of bean cakes, 2kg of bone meal and 1kg of salt; the silage fermentation raw material is corn straw, namely first suaeda salsa leaf and stem, namely bran, 15:15:4, after mixing, firstly using 8% of cellulase preparation, performing enzymolysis at 48-50 ℃ for 8 hours, then adding 8% of microbial preparation, mixing, sealing and fermenting, wherein the fermentation temperature is 28-30 ℃, and the fermentation time is 20 days, thus obtaining the low-moisture silage.
Example six: suaeda salsa granulated feed
Suaeda salsa granulated feed comprises 119kg of silage, 45kg of alfalfa, 26kg of corn flour, 20kg of first seeds of Suaeda salsa, 18kg of bean cakes, 3kg of bone meal and 2kg of salt; the silage fermentation raw material is corn straw, namely suaeda salsa first leaf and stem, namely bran 16:16:5, after mixing, 10% of cellulase preparation is firstly used, the enzymolysis temperature is 50-52 ℃, the enzymolysis is carried out for 10 hours, then 10% of microbial preparation is added, after mixing, sealing fermentation is carried out, the fermentation temperature is 30-32 ℃, the fermentation time is 22 days, and the low-moisture silage is prepared.
Example seven: suaeda salsa granulated feed
Suaeda salsa granulated feed comprises 113kg of silage, 45kg of alfalfa, 26kg of corn flour, 16kg of first seeds of Suaeda salsa in Xinjiang, 14kg of bean cakes, 1kg of bone meal and 2kg of salt; the silage fermentation raw material is corn straw, namely first suaeda salsa leaf and stem, namely bran, 14:16:5, after mixing, firstly using 6% cellulase preparation, performing enzymolysis at 46-48 ℃ for 10 hours, then adding 10% microbial preparation, mixing, sealing and fermenting, wherein the fermentation temperature is 30-32 ℃, and the fermentation time is 18 days, thus obtaining the low-moisture silage.
Example eight: nutrition components of Suaeda salsa I in different growth periods
Table 1: content of nutrient content (%)/of Suaeda salsa I in different growth periods
The content of the nutrient components of the first Suaeda salsa of Xinjiang in different growth periods is shown in Table 1, and the content of nitrogen-free extract, neutral detergent fiber, acidic detergent fiber, crude fat and dry matter in the first Suaeda salsa of Xinjiang in the fructification period is higher than those in the other two growth periods, so that the first Suaeda salsa of Xinjiang is picked in the fructification period and is used as the component of the granular feed of the Suaeda salsa.
Example nine: suaeda salsa granulated feed preparation condition optimization test
(1) Silage raw material proportioning optimization
Mechanically crushing corn straws, suaeda salsa first leaf and stem stalks and bran in Xinjiang, mixing according to different proportions, adding 8% of cellulase preparation after mixing, performing enzymolysis at 48-50 ℃ for 8 hours, adding 8% of microbial preparation after mixing, performing sealed fermentation at 28-30 ℃ for 20 days, preparing a low-moisture silage, and determining the nutritional ingredients of the silage.
The detection method comprises the following steps: dry matter content (DM) was dried to constant weight, Crude Protein (CP) was measured by kjeldahl method, Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acidic Detergent Fiber (ADF) were measured by Van Soest method, soluble carbohydrate (WSC) was measured by anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetry, and Relative Feed Value (RFV) [ (88.9-0.779ADF) × 120/NDF ]/1.29.
Table 2: raw material proportioning combination table for different silage
| Corn stalk, leaf and stem of Suaeda salsa I in Xinjiang, bran | |
| Group A | 16:14:3 |
| Group B | 14:14:3 |
| Group C | 15:15:4 |
| Group D | 16:16:5 |
| Group E | 14:16:3 |
| Group F | 16:14:4 |
| Group G | 15:16:4 |
| Group H | 16:15:5 |
Table 3: nutrient content and relative feeding value of different silage raw materials after silage
The mixing of different corn stalks, suaeda salsa first leaf and stem and bran raw materials in Xinjiang has a significant effect on the crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acidic detergent fiber and relative feed value of silage, as shown in Table 3. The crude protein content of group C and D is higher, and is obviously higher than that of other test groups, wherein the content of C is 38.31%, and the content of D is 38.52%; the NDF and ADF content of group D was significantly higher than each of the other treatments, 20.61% and 14.53%, respectively; the NDF content and the ADF content of the group C are respectively lower than those of other treatment groups and are respectively 18.92 percent and 12.66 percent, and the relative feeding value obtained by calculation is the highest, which indicates that when the corn straw, namely Suaeda salsa I leaf and stem, namely bran, of Xinjiang is 15:15:4, the silage after ensiling fermentation has the highest feeding value.
(2) Silage fermentation condition optimization
The test respectively explores the influence of the addition amount of the cellulase preparation, the enzymolysis time, the addition amount of the microbial preparation and the fermentation time on the relative feeding value of the low-moisture silage. A four-factor three-level orthogonal test is carried out on the basis of the previous test, and the factors and the levels of the orthogonal test are shown in a table 4.
The test process comprises the following steps: respectively and mechanically crushing corn straws, namely suaeda salsa I leaves and stems, namely bran 15:15:4, mixing, adding a certain amount of cellulase preparation for enzymolysis at the temperature of 48-50 ℃, adding a certain amount of microbial preparation for mixing, sealing and fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 28-30 ℃ to obtain the low-moisture silage.
Table 4: orthogonal test factor and horizon
The relative feed value impact of orthogonal optimization of different silage fermentation conditions on low moisture silage is shown in table 5 for test results and analysis.
Table 5: results and analysis of orthogonal assays
As can be seen from Table 5, the microbial preparation addition and the enzymolysis time have the greatest effect on the relative feed value of the low-moisture silage within the range of the experimental design. The best optimization condition obtained by combining the table 4 and the table 5 is A2B2C2D2Namely, the relative feeding value of the low-moisture silage is the highest when the addition amount of the cellulase preparation is 8%, the enzymolysis time is 8h, the addition amount of the microbial preparation is 8%, and the fermentation time is 20 d.
The preparation method for obtaining the low-moisture silage through the optimization of the test comprises the following steps: mixing corn straws, namely suaeda salsa first-grade leaves and stems, namely bran, 15:15:4 in proportion, adding 8% of cellulase preparation for enzymolysis at the temperature of 48-50 ℃ for 8h, adding 8% of microbial preparation for mixing, sealing and fermenting at the temperature of 28-30 ℃ for 20d, and thus obtaining the low-moisture silage.
(3) Preparation condition optimization of suaeda salsa granulated feed
Mixing silage, alfalfa, corn flour, Suaeda salsa I seeds, bean cakes, bone meal and salt according to different combinations, conveying the mixture to pellet feed extrusion equipment, and carrying out extrusion granulation to form 2-3cm cylindrical feed pellets, wherein the combination of the raw materials of the Suaeda salsa pellet feed is shown in table 6; the feeding method comprises the following steps: feeding 10 cutter-sheep in each group, 5 male and female sheep in each group from 60 days old, feeding 1.6kg of each cutter-sheep in the first 15 days, feeding 1.8kg of each cutter-sheep in the middle 15 days, feeding 2kg of each cutter-sheep in the last 15 days, and detecting the height, body length, weight, net weight and net meat rate of the cutter-sheep; the net meat ratio (%) — net meat weight/body weight × 100%.
Table 6: different suaeda salsa pellet feed raw material combinations
Table 7: influence of different feed raw material combinations on height, body length and meat purity of cutter-sheep
| Height (cm) | Body length (cm) | Body weight (kg) | Net weight (kg) | Meat percentage (%) | |
| T1 | 57.2 | 63.2 | 11.9 | 7.5 | 63.03 |
| T2 | 57.9 | 64.7 | 13.5 | 7.2 | 53.33 |
| T3 | 56.7 | 65.1 | 14.1 | 8.2 | 58.16 |
| T4 | 58.7 | 64.2 | 13.7 | 7.6 | 55.47 |
| T5 | 59.1 | 65.8 | 14.6 | 8.9 | 60.96 |
| T6 | 56.3 | 62.7 | 14.2 | 8.1 | 57.04 |
| T7 | 56.9 | 63.6 | 13.2 | 7.6 | 57.58 |
| T8 | 58.4 | 64.5 | 12.8 | 7.2 | 56.25 |
| T9 | 57.9 | 64.9 | 13.5 | 7.9 | 58.52 |
The height, body length and meat purity of the cutter-sheep are obviously affected by different feed raw material combinations, and the results in table 7 show that the height, body length and meat purity of the T5 test group are respectively 59.1cm, 64.2cm and 60.96 percent which are obviously higher than those of other test groups; therefore, when the suaeda salsa granulated feed is combined by 116kg of silage, 40kg of alfalfa, 24kg of corn flour, 18kg of first suaeda salsa seeds in Xinjiang, 16kg of bean cakes, 2kg of bone meal and 1kg of salt, the feed has a promoting effect on the growth and development of the cutter-sheep.
The optimal preparation conditions of the suaeda salsa granulated feed provided by the invention are as follows by utilizing single-factor and orthogonal experiments: the silage fermentation is to ferment straw: suaeda salsa I leaf and stem in Xinjiang: after the bran 15:15:4 is mixed, 8% of cellulase preparation is firstly used, the enzymolysis temperature is 48-50 ℃, the enzymolysis is carried out for 8 hours, then 8% of microbial preparation is added, the mixture is sealed and fermented, the fermentation temperature is 28-30 ℃, the fermentation time is 20 days, the silage with low moisture is prepared, 116 parts of silage, 40 parts of alfalfa, 24 parts of corn flour, 18 parts of Suaeda salsa I seeds, 16 parts of bean cakes, 2 parts of bone meal and 1 part of salt are mixed and granulated to prepare the Suaeda salsa granulated feed, the composite microbial preparation and the cellulase preparation are used together to ferment the silage with low moisture prepared from the Suaeda salsa I leaf and stem, the corn straw and the bran, and other auxiliary materials are compounded to obtain the Suaeda salsa granulated feed, mineral elements can effectively meet the growth requirements of livestock, and the protein and oil substance components of the feed improve the quality of the feed, the feed has good palatability and high feed intake rate, is beneficial to the weight increase of sheep in sheep feeding, improves the net meat rate and the meat quality of mutton, and has wide and practical value.
Example ten: application of suaeda salsa pellet feed in sheep feeding
This experiment designed 6 test groups, T1: suaeda salsa granulated feed prepared by the method of example five, T2: the prior art patents are adopted: CN108849715A- "A method for feeding mutton sheep by saline-alkali soil plant mixed silage", T3: the mixed feed for the cattle and sheep is purchased in the market, and as a common feed representative, the mixed feed for the cattle and sheep has the characteristics of T4: 15% of unfermented Suaeda salsa I is added into the common feed to be used as the feed for feeding, and the weight ratio of T5: adding 15% of unfermented common suaeda salsa into common feed to be used as feed for feeding, wherein the weight ratio of T6: the preparation method is adopted, but the silage is prepared by fermenting common suaeda salsa leaf straws. The feeding method comprises the following steps: feeding 10 goat broilers and 5 male and female sheep in each group from 60 days of age of the goat broilers, feeding 1.6kg of the goat broilers in the first 15 days, feeding 1.8kg of the goat broilers in the middle 15 days, and feeding 2kg of the goat broilers in the last 15 days, and detecting the height, body length, weight, net weight and net meat rate of the goat broilers.
Table 8: influence of growth of different fodder-fed Swiss sheep
| Height (cm) | Body length (cm) | Body weight (kg) | Net weight (kg) | Meat percentage (%) | |
| T1 | 59.1 | 65.8 | 14.6 | 8.9 | 60.96 |
| T2 | 57.9 | 63.1 | 12.7 | 7.5 | 59.05 |
| T3 | 56.7 | 61.5 | 11.2 | 6.5 | 58.03 |
| T4 | 57.1 | 62.3 | 12.1 | 7.2 | 59.50 |
| T5 | 56.5 | 61.8 | 11.3 | 6.6 | 58.41 |
| T6 | 57.4 | 62.8 | 12.8 | 7.7 | 60.16 |
Through different feeds for feeding the goat, the results of the tests on the influence of the height, the body length, the weight and the meat purity of the goat are shown in table 8, and the results of the tests show that the T1 group has significant differences in height, body length, weight and meat purity compared with the other five groups, and is obviously higher than those of the other groups, and compared with the T3 conventional feed feeding group, the goat has the advantages that the height is increased by 4.1%, the body length is increased by 6.5%, the weight is increased by 23.3% and the meat purity is increased by 4.8%. Compared with the T1 group, the T6 group and the T1 group are different only in that common suaeda salsa is used in the T6 group, the first Xinjiang suaeda salsa is used as a feed raw material in the T1 group, the first Xinjiang suaeda salsa plant is rich in crude protein, crude fat, betaine and various mineral substances and high in nutritional value, and experimental data show that the height, the body length, the weight and the meat purity of the Langerhan sheep in the T1 group are obviously higher than those of the T6 group, which shows that the particulate feed prepared by using the first Xinjiang suaeda salsa is more beneficial to the weight increase of the sheep and the meat purity is improved.
The suaeda salsa granulated feed prepared by the application takes the salt content of halophyte and the salt content required by livestock as the basis, and optimizes the proportion of the granulated feed, the mineral elements contained in the suaeda salsa granulated feed can effectively meet the growth requirement of the livestock, the protein and oil substance components of the suaeda salsa granulated feed improve the quality of the feed, and the suaeda salsa granulated feed has good palatability and high feed intake rate; the weight of the sheep is increased, the meat purity is improved, the meat quality of the sheep is improved, and the method has wide and practical value.
The above examples are merely illustrative for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications can be made while remaining within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The suaeda salsa granulated feed comprises, by weight, 119 parts of silage 113-containing materials, 35-45 parts of alfalfa, 22-26 parts of corn flour, 16-20 parts of first seeds of suaeda salsa in Xinjiang, 14-18 parts of bean cakes, 1-3 parts of bone meal and 1-2 parts of salt.
2. The suaeda salsa granulated feed as claimed in claim 1, which comprises 116 parts of silage, 40 parts of alfalfa, 24 parts of corn flour, 18 parts of first suaeda salsa seeds, 16 parts of bean cakes, 2 parts of bone meal and 1 part of salt by weight.
3. The suaeda salsa pellet feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the silage comprises corn straw, leaf and stem of suaeda salsa I, bran = (14-16): (14-16): and (3-5) in parts by weight.
4. The suaeda salsa granulated feed as claimed in claim 3, wherein the silage comprises corn straw, first leaf and stem of suaeda salsa of Xinjiang, and bran =15:15:4 in parts by weight.
5. A preparation method of suaeda salsa pellet feed is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:
(1) crushing aired alfalfa into 1-2mm, squeezing aired Suaeda salsa I seeds to break shells, and respectively crushing fresh corn straws and fresh Suaeda salsa I leaf stalks into 4-6mm long parts for later use;
(2) mixing the first Suaeda salsa leaf and stem, the corn straw and the bran crushed in the step (1) to obtain a fermentation raw material, adding 6-10% of cellulase preparation into the fermentation raw material according to the weight percentage, carrying out enzymolysis at the temperature of 46-52 ℃ for 6-10 hours, adding 6-10% of microbial preparation, mixing, sealing and fermenting, wherein the fermentation temperature is 26-32 ℃, and the fermentation time is 18-22 days to prepare a low-moisture silage;
(3) drying the silage prepared in the step (2) at a low temperature to enable the water content to reach 8-10%;
(4) the silage, alfalfa, Suaeda salsa I seed, corn flour, bean cake, bone meal and salt which are dried and prepared in the steps are fully stirred and mixed, and are conveyed to pellet feed extrusion equipment for extrusion and granulation to form 2-3cm cylindrical feed pellets.
6. The method for preparing the suaeda salsa pellet feed as claimed in claim 5, wherein the stems of the leaves of suaeda salsa I and the seeds of suaeda salsa I in Xinjiang are grown to the fructification stage and harvested.
7. The method for preparing the suaeda salsa granulated feed as claimed in claim 5, wherein the compound microbial preparation is selected from Bacillus coagulans (Bacillus coagulans) (Bacillus coagulans): bacillus subtilis (A), (B) and (C)Bacillus subtilis): lactobacillus plantarum (A)Lactobacillus plantarum): streptococcus thermophilus (Streptococcus thermophilus) And (5) mixing the components in a ratio of not less than 2:1:2:1 to prepare the composite microbial preparation.
8. The method for preparing the suaeda salsa granulated feed as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first leaf and stem of suaeda salsa, corn stalk and bran are mixed to obtain the fermentation raw material, and according to the weight percentage, 8% of cellulase preparation is added into the fermentation raw material, the enzymolysis temperature is 48-50 ℃, the enzymolysis is 8 hours, then 8% of microbial preparation is added, the mixture is sealed and fermented, the fermentation temperature is 28-30 ℃, the fermentation time is 20 days, and the low-moisture silage is prepared.
9. The method for preparing the suaeda salsa granulated feed as claimed in claim 5, wherein the silage is dried at a low temperature, and the drying temperature is 40-45 ℃.
10. Use of a suaeda salsa pellet feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 5 in sheep farming.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114908017A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-16 | 四川农业大学 | Lactobacillus plantarum and application thereof in silage |
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| CN108651729A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-10-16 | 克拉玛依绿成农业开发有限责任公司 | Application of the Suaeda salsa in livestock-raising |
| CN108849715A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-11-23 | 山东胜伟旅游发展有限公司 | A method of mutton sheep is fed using salt-soda soil plant mixed silage feed |
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| CN108849715A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-11-23 | 山东胜伟旅游发展有限公司 | A method of mutton sheep is fed using salt-soda soil plant mixed silage feed |
| CN108651729A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-10-16 | 克拉玛依绿成农业开发有限责任公司 | Application of the Suaeda salsa in livestock-raising |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114908017A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-16 | 四川农业大学 | Lactobacillus plantarum and application thereof in silage |
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