CN111270528A - 一种能量吸收胶囊 - Google Patents

一种能量吸收胶囊 Download PDF

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CN111270528A
CN111270528A CN202010067681.9A CN202010067681A CN111270528A CN 111270528 A CN111270528 A CN 111270528A CN 202010067681 A CN202010067681 A CN 202010067681A CN 111270528 A CN111270528 A CN 111270528A
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吴倩
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Xian Polytechnic University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种能量吸收胶囊，属于材料合成领域。一种能量吸收胶囊，为通过复相乳液法组装而成的核‑壳体；核体为剪切增稠流体。剪切增稠流体为：硬质纳米粒子悬浮于聚乙二醇中形成的非牛顿流体悬浮液。本发明的能量吸收胶囊，核体是具有剪切增稠效应的非牛顿流体，壳体是聚合物，在与基底材料进行复合的过程中，由于壳体的物理保护作用，不会出现化学交联法带来的剪切增稠效应减弱的结果，同时也解决了直接将非牛顿流体浸渍在基底材料表面所带来的渗液、粘手等问题。

Description

一种能量吸收胶囊
技术领域
本发明属于材料合成领域，尤其是一种能量吸收胶囊。
背景技术
剪切增稠流体是指剪切速率增大到一定值时，体系黏度随剪切速率迅速增加 的非牛顿流体。利用流体的剪切增稠特性，研究人员提出了使用剪切增稠流体制 备软体防护复合材料的构想。剪切增稠流体渗入织物中，通常状态下是以液态形 式存在，保持了织物本身的柔顺性；而织物一旦受到冲击，受冲击部位的剪切增 稠流体在剪切应力作用下粘度迅速增加，变成坚硬的固体，使织物难以被刺穿， 有效的提高了防护性能，因此利用剪切增稠流体与织物制备的防护复合材料成为 国内外的研究热点。
目前，剪切增稠流体主要有两类，一类是以硼酸改性端羟基聚硅氧烷(PBDMS) 为代表的剪切增稠凝胶，商品代表为Dow Corning-3179，这是一种具有剪切增稠 效应的胶泥态硅系高分子材料，其主要成分是a,w-二羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷、硼酸、 白炭黑等，基本合成工艺是向a,w-二羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷中加入硼酸和白炭黑， 在真空环境、温度为140-180摄氏度的捏合机中脱水混合1-3小时，配成基料， 再将基料溶于二甲基硅油得到剪切增稠凝胶。另一类剪切增稠流体是由硬质粒子 悬浮于聚乙二醇(PEG)溶液中形成的非牛顿流体。常用的硬质粒子有二氧化硅及 其他氧化物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、碳化硅及其纳米碳酸钙等。所用溶剂聚乙二醇 无毒且其性能在很宽的温度范围内能够保持稳定。在外力的冲击下则会变成一种 十分坚硬的材料。
将剪切增稠流体与基底材料复合的方法主要有两种，一种是化学交联法，如 将第一类硼酸改性的端羟基聚硅氧烷通过化学反应基团，如双键、羟基等与基底 材料进行化学反应交联，虽然通过化学交联法得到的复合材料不会出现剪切增稠 流体在使用过程中渗液、粘手等问题，但由于化学键的作用限制了剪切增稠流体 的流动性，使其冲击变硬的效果变得不明显，保护效果对比单独的剪切增稠流体 有明显降低。如美国专利US0324927A1公开了一种新型聚氨酯吸能材料的制备 方法，该发明在聚氨酯合成的传统工艺基础上加入了一种基于有机硅材料的非牛 顿材料，使得聚氨酯/有机硅复合材料在受到外界高速冲击时，材料可发生明显的 相转变，黏度出现急剧的上升，从而可以吸收大量的外界能量。另一种是物理浸 渍法，即将第二类硬质纳米粒子悬浮液同需要复合的基底材料进行浸渍或者涂覆， 如中国专利CN101140151A“液态性材料的防弹防刺服”、中国专利 CN104862975B“剪切增稠凝胶及制备方法和有剪切增稠效应的防破片织物”，美 国专利US7498276B2“ADVANCED BODY ARMOR UTILIZING SHEAR THICKENING FLUIDS”均提出采用剪切增稠流体浸渍纤维织物的方法来改善防 护材料的柔韧性。通过此种物理方法得到的复合材料虽然保证了冲击变硬的效果， 但是会在长期使用过程中出现渗液、粘手等问题，影响其实际使用范围。综上所 述，现有技术中存在以下两个问题：通过化学交联法得到的剪切增稠凝胶复合材 料的剪切增稠或冲击变硬效果不明显；通过物理交联法得到的剪切增稠悬浮液复合材料在使用过程中会出现渗液、粘手等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中剪切增稠流体与基底材料复合后剪切增 稠和渗液现象不能兼顾的缺点，提供一种能量吸收胶囊。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现：
一种能量吸收胶囊，为通过复相乳液法组装而成的核-壳体；
核体为剪切增稠流体。
进一步的，剪切增稠流体为硬质纳米粒子悬浮于分散介质中形成的非牛顿流 体悬浮液。
进一步的，剪切增稠流体为：以重量份数计，硬质纳米粒子为50-70份；分 散介质为35-70份。
进一步的，硬质纳米粒子为二氧化硅、硅、碳酸钙或PVC。
进一步的，分散介质为乙二醇、聚乙二醇、水和甘油的混合液、乙醇和甘油 的混合液、异丙醇或仲丁醇。
进一步的，壳体为聚氨酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯醇或硅胶。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明的能量吸收胶囊，核体是具有剪切增稠效应的非牛顿流体，壳体是聚 合物，在与基底材料进行复合的过程中，由于壳体的物理保护作用，不会出现化 学交联法带来的剪切增稠效应减弱的结果，同时也解决了直接将非牛顿流体浸渍 在基底材料表面所带来的渗液、粘手等问题。
进一步的，硬质粒子悬浮于分散介质中形成的非牛顿流体，这类非牛顿流体 不同于硼酸改性的端羟基聚硅氧烷，具有较好的分散性，有利于能量吸收胶囊的 制备。
进一步的，硬质纳米粒子和分散介质的质量份数也影响着悬浮液的非牛顿流 体性能和制备加工难度；硬质纳米粒子为50-70份，所述分散介质为35-70份； 若硬质纳米粒子过低，会使制备的悬浮液不具备明显的剪切增稠效应；若硬质纳 米粒子过高，由于纳米粒子的比表面积大，因此会出现悬浮液黏度急剧增大，影 响后期能量吸收胶囊的制备。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，对本发明实施例中的技术 方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施 例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有 做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
实施例1的能量吸收胶囊由核体和壳体构成；
以重量份数计，将50份二氧化硅纳米球分散在50份分子量为200的聚乙二 醇中，形成非牛顿流体悬浮液，即剪切增稠流体；
将上述非牛顿流体悬浮液和聚氨酯通过复相乳液法进行组装，即制成聚氨酯 为壳体、剪切增稠流体为核体的能量吸收胶囊。
实施例2
以重量份数计，将60份二氧化硅纳米球分散在40份分子量为200的聚乙二 醇中，形成非牛顿流体悬浮液，即剪切增稠流体；
将上述非牛顿流体悬浮液和聚氨酯通过复相乳液法进行组装，即制成聚氨酯 为壳体、剪切增稠流体为核体的能量吸收胶囊。
实施例3
以重量份数计，将70份二氧化硅纳米球分散在30份分子量为200的聚乙二 醇中，形成非牛顿流体悬浮液，即剪切增稠流体；
将上述非牛顿流体悬浮液和聚氨酯通过复相乳液法进行组装，即制成聚氨酯 为壳体、剪切增稠流体为核体的能量吸收胶囊。
实施例4
以重量份数计，将70份二氧化硅纳米球分散在20份分子量为200的聚乙二 醇、5份分子量为400的聚乙二醇和5份乙醇的混合液中，形成非牛顿流体悬浮 液，即剪切增稠流体；
将上述非牛顿流体悬浮液和聚氨酯通过复相乳液法进行组装，即制成聚氨酯 为壳体、剪切增稠流体为核体的能量吸收胶囊。
实施例5
以重量份数计，将50份碳酸钙纳米球分散20份水和50份甘油在混合液中， 形成非牛顿流体悬浮液，即剪切增稠流体；
将上述非牛顿流体悬浮液和聚乙烯醇通过复相乳液法进行组装，即制成聚氨 酯为壳体、剪切增稠流体为核体的能量吸收胶囊。
实施例6
以重量份数计，将50份硅纳米球分散在20份乙醇和50份甘油在混合液中， 形成非牛顿流体悬浮液，即剪切增稠流体；
将上述非牛顿流体悬浮液和硅胶通过复相乳液法进行组装，即制成聚氨酯为 壳体、剪切增稠流体为核体的能量吸收胶囊。
实施例7
以重量份数计，将50份PVC纳米球分散在70份异丙醇中，形成非牛顿流 体悬浮液，即剪切增稠流体；
将上述非牛顿流体悬浮液和硅胶通过复相乳液法进行组装，即制成聚氨酯为 壳体、剪切增稠流体为核体的能量吸收胶囊。
以上内容仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡 是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发 明权利要求书的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种能量吸收胶囊，其特征在于，为通过复相乳液法组装而成的核-壳体；
所述核体为剪切增稠流体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的能量吸收胶囊，其特征在于，所述剪切增稠流体为硬质纳米粒子悬浮于分散介质中形成的非牛顿流体悬浮液。
3.根据权利要求2所述的能量吸收胶囊，其特征在于，所述剪切增稠流体为：以重量份数计，硬质纳米粒子为50-70份；所述分散介质为35-70份。
4.根据权利要求2所述的能量吸收胶囊，其特征在于，所述硬质纳米粒子为二氧化硅、硅、碳酸钙或PVC。
5.根据权利要求2所述的能量吸收胶囊，其特征在于，分散介质为乙二醇、聚乙二醇、水和甘油的混合液、乙醇和甘油的混合液、异丙醇或仲丁醇。
6.根据权利要求2所述的能量吸收胶囊，其特征在于，壳体为聚氨酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯醇或硅胶。
CN202010067681.9A 2020-01-20 2020-01-20 一种能量吸收胶囊 Pending CN111270528A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20200612