CN1111295A - 能够自动输送流体的纤维 - Google Patents
能够自动输送流体的纤维 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1111295A CN1111295A CN94116341A CN94116341A CN1111295A CN 1111295 A CN1111295 A CN 1111295A CN 94116341 A CN94116341 A CN 94116341A CN 94116341 A CN94116341 A CN 94116341A CN 1111295 A CN1111295 A CN 1111295A
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- fiber
- fluid
- present
- section
- automatic transport
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Abstract
本发明公开的是能够自动输送其表面上的某些
流体,如像水这样的含水流体的纤维。为了将流体输
送到可被更充分利用的制品的吸收区域,可将纤维,
尤其是纤维束放入吸收性制品如尿布中。
Description
本发明是关于能够自动输送表面水份的纤维及用这种纤维制成的有用物品。
目前可用的吸附性制品如尿布、卫生巾、失禁用三角裤等一般都能有效地吸收像尿和血这样的含水流体,通常在使用过程中,这类制品上接触液体区域都会被液体饱和,而远离接触区的其它部位仍保持干燥,其结果是,这类制品所具有的整个吸收容量中,有相当一部分未被利用,因此,为了更充分地利用制品的全部吸收能力,人们非常希望发明一种将含水流体从吸收性制品上的接触区输送到其它区域的手段。我们已经发现,利用某些能够输送其表面含水流体的纤维,可以达到这一目的。
现有技术中对液体在单根纤维上的移动变化现象的研究很有限[如,参见A.M.Schwartz & F.W.Minor,J.Coll.Sci.14.572(1959)]。
影响液体在纤维结构中流动的因素有几种织物中孔结构的几何形状(毛细作用),固体的表面性质(表面自由能,接触角度),固体表面的几何形状(表面粗糙度、凹陷情况等等),固体表面经受的化学/物理处理(苛性水解,等离子体处理,接枝,增水性/亲水性处理,)以及流体的化学性质都可影响流体在纤维结构中的迁移作用。
我们已经发现了具有独特组合形式的纤维,这些特性使得纤维可以自动输送其表面上的含水流体如水,而迄今为止,能够自动输送含水流体如水的纤维尚无人知。
本发明涉及能够自动输送其表面水份的合成纤维。
本发明的纤维满足下列方程:(1-Xcosθa)<0,其中θa是在一平面膜上测出的水的向前推进的接触角,该平面膜由与纤维相同的材料制成,若处理的话,则经过同样表面的处理:X是纤维横截面的形状因子,满足下列方程:
X= (Pw)/(4r+(π-2)D)
其中Pw是纤维被润湿的周长。r是限定纤维横截面的外接园半径,D是横穿纤维横截面的短轴长度。
其中γLA是水在空气中的表面张力,用达因/厘米表示,ρ是纤维密度,用克/立方厘米表示,d p f是单根纤维的系数。
优选X值大于1.2,更优选值为约1.2-5,最好约1.5-3。
图1A示出含水流体的液滴在形成椭球体后(t=0)在不能自动输送的传统纤维上的变化情况。θ角表示出液滴在纤维上的典型的接触度。标号“LFA”的箭头指示出液体-纤维-空气界面的位置。
图1B示出含水流体的液滴在时间等于t1(t1>0)时,在不能自动输送的传统纤维上的变化情况,θ角与图1A中相同,标号“LFA”的箭头指示液体-纤维-空气界面的位置。
图1C示出含水流体的液滴在时间等于t2(t2>t1)时,在其表面不能自动输送的传统纤维上的变化情况。θ角与图1A中相同,标号“LFA”的箭头指示液体-纤维-空气界面的位置。
图2A示出在时间等于0时,含水流体液滴刚刚接触可自动输送的纤维时的变化情况,标号“LFA”的箭头指示出液体-纤维-空气界面的位置。
图2B示出在时间等于t1(t1>0)时,含水流体液滴在可自动输送的纤维上的变化情况。标号“LFA”的箭头指示液体-纤维-空气界面的位置。
图2C示出在时间等于t2(t2>t1)时,含水流体液滴在可自动输送的纤维上的变化情况。标号“LFA”的箭头指示液体-纤维-空气界面的位置。
图3是用于制造可自动输送的纤维的一个喷丝头孔口的示意图。
图4是用于制造可自动输送的纤维的一个喷丝头孔口的示意图。
图5是用于制造可自动输送的纤维的一个喷丝头孔口的示意图。
图6是用于制造可自动输送的纤维的一个喷丝头孔口的示意图。
图6B是用于制造可自动输送的纤维的一个喷丝头孔口的示意图。
图7是一个喷丝头孔口的示意图,该喷丝头有两个如图3所示孔口的重复单元,彼此头尾相接。
图8是一个喷丝头孔口的示意图,该喷丝头有四个如图3所示孔口的重复单元。彼此头尾相接。
图9是聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)纤维横截面的显微照片,该纤维是利用带有图3所示孔口的喷丝头得到的(例1介绍了喷丝头孔口的具体尺寸)。
图10是聚丙烯纤维横截面的显微照片,该纤维是利用带有图3所示孔口的喷丝头得到的(例2介绍了喷丝头孔口的具体尺寸)。
图11是尼龙66纤维横截面的显微照片,该纤维是利用带有图3所示孔口的喷丝头得到的(例2介绍了喷丝头孔口的具体尺寸)。
图12是聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)纤维横截面的示意图,该纤维是利用带有图4所示孔口的喷丝头得到的(例8介绍了喷丝头孔口的具体尺寸)。
图13是聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)纤维横截面的显微照片,该纤维是利用带有图5所示孔口的喷丝头得到的(例9介绍了喷丝头孔口的具体尺寸)。
图14是聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)纤维横截面的显微照片,该纤维是利用带有图7所示孔口的喷丝头得到的(例10介绍了喷丝头孔口的具体尺寸)。
图15是聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)纤维横截面的显微照片,该纤维是利用带有图8所示孔口的喷丝头得到的,(例11介绍了喷丝头孔口的具体尺寸)。
图16是利用带有图3(例1)所示孔口的喷丝头得到的纤维的横截面的示意图,举例说明了确定形状因子X的一种典型方法。
图17是聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)纤维横截面的显微照片,该纤维是利用带有图6所示孔口的喷丝头得到的,(例12介绍了喷丝头孔口的具体尺寸)。
图17B是利用带有图6B所示孔口的喷丝头得到的聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)纤维横截面示意图,(例13介绍了喷丝头孔口的具体尺寸)。
图18A是尿布的俯视图。
图18B是沿尿布长轴1B截面剖视图。
图19是沿尿布纵面剖视图。在尿布上表面与吸收芯体之间放入用本发明纤维制成的纤维束。
图20是沿尿布纵向剖视图。在尿布的吸收芯体与底层之间放入用本发明纤维制成的纤维束。
图21是沿尿布纵向剖视图,在尿布的吸收芯体内,放入用本发明纤维制成的纤维束。
图22是沿尿布纵向剖视图,在尿布的吸收芯体内是用本发明纤维制成的人造短纤维。
图23A是尿布的俯视图,切开面上的线条表示用本发明的纤维制成的纤维束。基本上在尿布的整个长度范围内,这些纤维基本上都是平行和连续的。
图23B是尿布的俯视图。切开面上的线条表示用本发明的纤维制成的纤维束。这些纤维基本上是平行的,且长度长于尿布长度的一半。
图24是尿布的俯视图,切开面上的线条表示尿布接触区上被压紧的纤维束(用本发明纤维制成)。纤维束的端部向外张开。
图25是尿布的俯视图,切开面上的线条表示用本发明纤维制成的纤维束。纤维束的长轴与尿布的长轴之间形成30°的角。
图26是沿尿布纵向剖视图。在吸收芯体的上、下方放入用本发明纤维制成的纤维束。
图27是墨水载持容量(g)时用本发明纤维制成的墨水筒(曲线标号“4SW”)和用现有技术的圆截面纤维制成的墨水筒(曲线标号“圆的”)的卷筒密度(g/cc)的曲线图。
图28是余留墨水的百分数对本发明纤维制成的墨水筒(曲线标号“4SW”)和用现有技术的园截面纤维制成的墨水筒(曲线标号“园的”)的长筒密度(g/cc)的曲线图。
图29是可用墨水(g)对用本发明纤维制成的墨水筒(曲线指标号“4SW”)和用现有技术的圆截面纤维制成的墨水筒(曲线标号“园的”)的卷筒的密度(g/cc)的曲线图。
图30是可用墨水(g)与纤维重量(g)之比对用本发明纤维制成的墨水筒(曲线标号“4SW”)和用现有技术的园截B纤维制成的墨水筒(曲线标号“园的”)的卷筒密度(g/cc)的曲线图。
图31A是纤维横截面上符合要求的凹槽的示意图。
图31B是纤维横截面上符合要求的凹槽的示意图。
图31A是纤维横截面上符合要求的凹槽的示意图。凹槽完全被流体注满。
图32A是纤维横截面上可能搭接的凹槽的示意图。
图32B是纤维横截面上可能搭接的凹槽的示意图。
图32C是被流体搭接的一种凹槽的示意图。
影响液体移动行为的基本的三个重要变量是(a)液体的表面张力,(b)固体的可润湿性或固体与液体的接触角度,以及(c)固体表面的几何形状,一般被液体润湿的固体表面的可润湿性可通过液体表面(气-液界面)与固体表面(气-固表面)形成的接触角表征,通常停留在固体表面的液滴与固体表面形成接触解θ,如图1A所示,如果该接触角小于90°,可认为该固体被液体润湿,但如果接触角大于90°,如水在特氟隆(Teflon)表面上时的情形,则该固体不被液体润湿,因此,为了提高润湿度,希望接触角最小,而接触角必须小于90°,这一点是确定无疑的,不过,接触角度亦取决于表面不匀性(化学的和物理的,如粗糙性),污染情况,固体表面的化学/物理处理,以及液体表面的性质和其污染情况,固体的表面自由能不影响润湿行为。固体表面的能量越低,表面张力大的液体越难润湿该固体,如特氟隆的表面能量低,所以不能被水润湿,(特氟隆-水体系的接触角为112°)。但可用蛋白质单分子膜处理特氟隆表面,这种处理可明显提高润湿度,因此,可以利用适宜的润滑剂/表面涂层改变纤维的表面能促使液体移动。聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET),尼龙66,和聚丙烯与水的接触角分别为80°、71°、和108°。因此,尼龙66比PET容易润湿,而对聚丙烯而言,接触角>90°,所以不能被水润湿。
影响液体移动的第二个重要的基本特性是液体的表面张力。
影响液体移动的第三个重要的基本特性是固体表面的几何形状。虽然凹槽一般能促进流体移动,这一点是已知的,但我们已经发现了纤维上深、窄凹槽的特殊的几何形状和组合形式以及对这类纤维的处理方式,这些可使含水流体在任一种纤维表面自动移动。由此,我们发现了具有组合特性的纤维,其中单根纤维可自动地输送其表面上的水份。
深窄凹槽的特殊几何形状十分重要,例如,如图31A、31B、31C,所示,优选凹槽是在任一槽深处的宽度应等于或小于槽面处的宽度,而不满足上述标准的凹槽则是非优选的(如图32A、32B、和32C,所示凹槽)。如果得不到优选的凹槽,流体就可能“跨过”凹槽,从而减少了有效润湿周长(pw)。因此,最好使pw基本上等于几何周长。
“可自动输送的”以及由此衍生的其它术语是指一般的流体,特别是流体,典型的如水的液滴与单根纤维接触时,液滴沿该纤维扩散的行为,这种现象与液滴形成在液体与固体纤维相切处,只有唯一接触角的固定的椭园球体的常规行为不同。显然,椭园形液滴在很短时间内形成,但其后保持不变。图1A-1C和2A-2C,清楚指出这两种现象之间的基本差别。空气、液体。固体界面位置随时间移动是关键因素。假如液体刚与纤维接触后,这一界面就移动了,则该纤维是可自动输送的;假如界面静止不动,则该纤维是不可自动输送的,较粗长丝(>20旦尼尔/长丝(d p f)或>22.22dtex)的自动输送现象很容易为肉眼所见,如果长丝小于22.22dtex(20dpt),则必须用显微镜观察纤维、染色流体更容易观察,不过自动输送现象与颜色无关,也可能流体在纤维周边部份比在其它部位流动得快,这种情况下,空气、液体、固体界面实际上沿纤维长度延伸,因此,这类纤维也是可自动输送的,因为空气、液体、固体界面在移动,而不是静止不动的。
可自动输送性基本上是一种表面现象,即流体的移动是在纤维表面上进行,但很可能且有时也很希望出现自动输送现象时,伴随着流体被纤维所吸收。这种现象能否为肉眼所见,取决于吸收相对自动输送的相对速率。例如,如果吸收的相对速率较大,使多数流体被纤维所吸收,液滴将随着空气、流体、固体界面沿纤维表面作很少移动后即消失。相反,如果吸收速率小于自动速率,则可观察到类似图2A-2C所示的变化情况,在图2A中,含水流体的液滴刚接触纤维(t=0),在图2B中,经过一段时间间隔(t=t1),流体开始被自动输送,图2C中,经过第二次时间间隔(t=t2),流体沿纤维表面被输送到比t=t1时更远的地方。
本发明的纤维可自动输送其表面的水,可用蒸馏水检测自动输送现象,但为了更清楚地观察水的自动输送过程,常常希望向水中加入微量色素,只要在实验条件下,带色素的水与纯水的行为基本上相同就行。我们发现Milliken Chemicals的Syltint poly Red(商标)水是一种适用于检测自动输送现象的溶液,Syltint poly Red水溶液可不经稀释而用,或可经大量稀释,如用水稀释到直到50倍再用。
本发明的纤维除可输送水外,还可自动输送多种成份的其它含水流体。含水流体指含有约50wt%或更多的水,较好的含75wt%或更多的水,最好含百分之90或更多的水的流体。优选的含水流体是体液,尤其是人体体液,这类优选的体液包括(但不限于)血、尿、汗液、等等。其它优选的含水流体包括如墨水。
本发明的纤维除了能够输送含水流体外,还能输送其表面上的含醇流体。含醇流体是含有高于约50wt%一种醇化合物的那些流体,上述醇化合物通式为R-OH,其中R为含直到12个碳原子的脂族基因或芳基,优选的R是1-6个碳的烷基,更优选的是1-4个碳的烷基。醇的例子包括甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇和异丙醇优选的含醇流体含有约70wt%或更多的一种适宜的醇。优选的含醇流体包括抗微生物试剂如无菌剂,以及醇基墨水。
因此,本发明也涉及自动输送纤维表面上的含水流体(包括水)或含醇流体的方法,本发明的方法可被描述为一种自动输送含水流体的方法,该方法包括使本发明的纤维与一种含水流体接触,此外,本发明的方法可被描述为一种自动输送含醇流体的方法,该方法包括使本发明的纤维与一种含醇流体接触。含水流体或含醇流体一旦与纤维接触,该含水流或含醇流体将被自动输送,在许多应用中,优选的方式是使纤维的一部分与含水流体源接触,而使纤维的另一部分与吸收穴(术语“吸收穴”的定义将在下面给出)接触。
本发明纤维具有自动输送其表面上含水或含醇流体的符合需要的特性,由于所有的这些纤维都具有一定的长度,如尿布中的纤维束,起、止点就是尿布的两端,或具有某种具体切割长度的人造短纤维,所以流体一旦到达纤维两端,输送流体的能力中止,除非另为流体提供“吸收穴”。吸收穴可以是如蓬松的纸浆,或超级吸收凝胶、粉末或纤维,理想情况下,为了最大限度的利用本发明,希望有三个关键特征:
(1)将输送的一种适宜的流体源
(2)表面自动输送这种流体,促使该流体流动,并在纤维表面“充满”流体,自动的驱动力不再存在时,使流体流入可通过流体的导管。
(3)一个或几个吸收这种流体的吸收穴,该吸收穴沿单根纤维长度在一处或多处与纤维紧密接触。
例如:这三个特征的实际意义可从本发明范围内的尿布在一般使用过程中反映出来。流体源是尿,且是适当地周期性地大量沉积在尿布上的,另一次流下的尿,沿每一纤维自动输送,直到尿源干燥为止(需要可接触约10秒钟)或直到流体接触吸收穴为止。这里所用的术语“吸收穴”可定义为其对含水流体的亲合力大于纤维的一种结构物,假定流体源仍存在,纤维将作为导管,将流体输送到吸收穴,直到流体源干燥为止,显然,如果希望流体移动距离较远(如尿布的外侧表面),则需使吸收穴位置远离流体源的位置,经过合理设计的具有园形横断面的纤丝的毛细管结构可展示出流体的自动移动作用。但毛细管结构取决于邻接纤丝的位置,如果邻接纤丝恰好移开了,或不在其位,流体就不会移动,本发明的一个独特的特征是,各个纤丝不需其邻接纤丝帮助,就可自动输送含水流体,这样可获得很大益处,如流体可在宽的多的表面上移动。一般在换尿布之前,总是出现不止一次排尿过程,第二次排的尿(尿源:在接触区域)将再次通过纤维导管输送到适当的吸收穴,与第一次排尿过程相比,可自能输送的特性的重要性可能略小一些,因此导管部分或全部充满了流体,但如果没有这种可自动输送的特征,只有相当少的流体移动,使尿布上的流体源部分(即接触区)一直很湿,而剩余部分又一直是干燥的。
本发明的纤维可由本领域公知的、符合要求的几何形状的横截面的任何材料构成,本发明所用的优选材料是聚脂。
可用于本发明的优选的聚酯材料是那些为本领域所公知的,且能用常规技术,如使二元羧酸或其酯与二元醇聚合制备的聚酯或共聚酯,用于制备聚酯和共聚酯的二元羧酸化合物是本领域普通技术人员所公知的,可例举出包括对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、P,P′-二苯基二羧酸,P,P′-二羧基二苯基乙烷,P,P′-二羧基二苯基已烷,P,P′-二羧基二苯基乙醚、P,P′-二羟基苯氧基乙烷,等及其烷基上含1-5个碳原子的二烷基酯。
适用于制备聚酯和共聚酯的脂族二元醇是带2-10个碳原子的无环及脂环的脂族二元醇,特别是可用通式HO(CH2)pOH(式中P为2-10的一个整数)表示那些二元醇,如乙二醇,1,3-丙二醇,1,4-丁二醇、和1,5-戊二醇,1,10癸二醇等等。
其它公知的适宜的脂肪族二元醇包括1,4-环已烷二甲醇、3-乙基-1,5-戊二醇、1,4-亚二甲苯基二元醇、2,2,4,4-四甲基-1,3-环丁二醇,等等,还可举出羟羧基化合物如4-羟基苯甲酸、4-羟乙氧基苯甲酸、或为本领域普通技术人员所知适用的其他羟基羧基化合物中的任一种。
也可使用上述二元羟酸化合物的混合物或脂肪族二元醇混合物,也可用其它酸或用已二酸、癸二酸或这些酸改性的酯以及改善聚合物。染色率的改性剂取代,通常用量高达10摩尔%。此外,亦可包括已知量的和利用公知方法的颜料,去光剂或增光剂。
本发明所用的最优选的聚酯是聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)(PET)。
可用来制造本发明纤维的其它材料包括象尼龙这样的聚酰胺,如尼龙66或尼龙6,聚丙烯;聚乙烯:和纤维素酯如三乙酸纤维素或二乙酸纤维素。
本发明单纤维最好为约3-1000旦尼尔(或旦)(约3.33-1111.11kg/m),更好为约10-70(约11.11-77.78kg/m)。
本发明的纤维最好经过表面处理,对于获得所要求的自动输送特性来说,这种表面处理是或不是至关重要的,本领域的普通技术人员可利用该领域公知技术和/或本文公开的技术,通过日常实验来确定对任何已知纤维所进行的表面处理的性质和重要性,优选的表面处理是在纤维表面涂复一层亲水性润滑剂。这种涂复一般要均匀,其量为约0.05wt%,优选为约0.1-2wt%。优选的水性润滑剂包括以十二烷基磷酸
为基料的润滑剂,该润滑剂含有70wt%的聚(乙二醇)600单十二烷基酯。另一种表面处理是对纤维进行氧等离子体处理,例如Plastics Finishing and Decoration[chapter 4,Ed.Don.Statas.Van Nostrand Reinhold Company(1986)]一书所述。
为了制出可自动输送含水流体的纤维,本发明的新式喷丝头必须具有特殊的几何形状。
在图3中,W为0.064(mm)-0.12mm;X2为4W+4W -1W;X4为2W±0.5W;X6为6W+4W -2W;X8为6W+5W -2W;X10为7W+5W -2W;X12为9W+5W -1W;X14为10W+5W -2W;X16为11W+5W -2W;X18为6W+5W -2W;θ2为30°±30°;θ4为45°±45°;θ6为30°±30°;θ8为45°±45°。
图4中,W为0.004mm-0.12mm:
X20为17W+5W -2W;X22为3W±W;X24为4W±2W;X26为60W+8W -4W;X28为17W+5W -2W;X30为2W±0.5W;X32为72W+10W -2W,θ10为45°±15°,此外,每一Leg B的长度可在0- (X26)/2 之间变化;每一Leg A的长度可在0-ton(90-θ10)[ (X26)/2 -X24]之间变化。
图5中,W为0.064mm-0.12mm;
X34为2W±0.5W;X36为58W+20W -10W;X38为24W+20W -6W;θ12为20°+15° -10°;θ14为 (180°-2012)/(n-1) ;n=每180°中支柱log的数目=2-6。
图6中,W为0.004mm-0.12mm;
X42为6W+4W -2W;X44为11W±5W;X46为11W±5W;X48为24W±10W;X50为38W±13W;X52为3W+3W -1W;X54为6W+6W -2W;X56为11W±5W;X58为7W±5W;X60为17W±7W;X62为28W±11W;X64为24W±10W;X66为17W±7W;X68为2W±0.5W;θ16为45°+30° -50°;θ18为45°±15°;θ20为45°±15°.
图6B中,W为0.064mm-0.12mm;
X72为8W+4W -2W;X74为8W+4W -2W;X76为12W±4W;X78为8W±4W;X80为24W±12W;X82为18W±6W;X84为8W+4W -2W;X86为16W±6W;X88为24W±12W;X90为18W±6W;X92为2W±0.5W;θ22为135°±30°,θ24为90°+45° -30°;θ26为45°±15°,θ28为45°±15°,θ30为45°±15°,θ32为45°±15°,θ34为45°±15°,θ36为45°±15°,θ38为45°±15°
图7中,画出的喷丝孔合有两个重复的图3所画的结构单元,所以图3所用的尺寸同样适用于图7。同样,图8中所画的喷丝头孔口含有四个重复的、图3所画的结构单元,所以图3所用的尺寸同样适用于图8。
图16指出确定纤维横截面的形状因子X。图16中,r=37.5mm,Pw=355.1mm,D=49.6mm,这样,图16的纤维横截面:
X= 355.1/(4×37.5+(π-2)49.6) =1.72
最好将本发明纤维放入吸收性制品中,在其中输送含水流体,这类吸收性制品包括(但不限于)尿布、失禁垫、妇女卫生制品如棉塞、墨盒、揩擦物等等。图18A是典型尿布的俯视示意图。图18B是尿布纵向剖视图。
本发明的纤维可制成卷曲或不卷曲的纤维束或人造短纤维,其中都含有许多本发明的纤维。
本发明的吸收性制品中包括两部分或更多的本发明的纤维,其中至少一部份上述纤维位于吸收性制品中心处附近,而至少另一部分上述纤维位于远离吸收性制品的中心处:其中在吸收性制品中心处附近的纤维要能够与含水流体接触至少约10秒钟;其中在吸收性制品中远离制品中心处有一个或多个吸收穴与所述纤维接触,本文所用的吸收性制品的“中心处附近”是指几何中心,是占总制品面积50%的直接围绕几何中心的一块区域;吸收性制品中的“远离中心”是指不靠近制品中心的其余50%面积。优选的吸收穴是蓬松纸浆、超级吸收材料及两者的混合物。上述吸收穴最好在远离制品中心处的纤维终端附近与揩去的纤维接触,本文所用的纤维的“终端附近”是指纤维实际的终端或由占纤维长度10%的终端构成的区域。
本发明的优选的吸收性制品,包括具有长轴和短轴且长度长于宽度的尿布或失禁垫,包括上表层、底层和吸收芯体,该吸收芯体至少包括一层吸收层,所述的制品进一步包括本发明的纤维素。纤维束可以是卷曲,或不卷曲的。
所述吸收性制品中的纤维可放在具有不同空间取向的几个不同的位置上,例如:纤维束可均匀地与布制制品的整个或部分宽度且纤维束的纤维可基本上与制品的长轴平行,其长度可从制品长度的约1/2延伸到基本上整个长度,(参见图23B)。
或者,纤维束的纤维可基本上平行于尿布的长轴,且基本上延伸到尿布的全长(参见图23A)
通过将本发明纤维的纤维束用到吸收性制品如尿布上,尿可被输送到尿布的较大表面上。这样可减少尿布中需用的超级吸收材料的用量。也可使尿布表面比较干。
在尿布结构中采用本发明的纤维,最好利用下列优点中的至少一种。
(1)用于尿/含水流体移动的尿布的有效表面增加5%-30%
(2)尿布中所用的超级吸收材料的用量将减少2%-25%
(3)尿布厚度将减少2%-15%
(4)按US4,324,247所述穿透/再润湿实验测定的穿透(秒)/再润湿(g)响应值得到改进与不含本发明纤维(纤维素)的等同结构物相比,穿透减少约2%-50%,再润湿减少约2%-70%。其结果是,尿布与带尿布的人之间的界面可保持比较干爽。
纤维束可置于吸收性制品中的任何位置,只要产生总的有益效果就行。例如,可将纤维放入上表面与吸收芯体之间,放入吸收芯体,放入吸收芯体与底层之间,或采用上面的多种组合形式。
本发明吸收性制品的上表层可用本领域公知具有该用途的任何材料制成。这些材料包括(仍不限于)聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、纤维素或人造粘胶、纤维、优选聚丙烯,上表层是经设计的在典型的使用过程中与人体接触的那一层,在本领域中,上表层又被称为“贴面层”一般由短和/或长纤维的网状物构成。
本发明吸收性制品的底层可用本领域公知具有该用途的任何材料制成,这些材料包括(但不限于)聚乙烯、聚酯或聚丙烯,优选聚丙烯。底层一般是不透体液如尿的。
本发明吸收性制品的吸收芯体优选含有蓬松纸浆,随意地,可含有超级吸收粉末。蓬松纸浆广泛用于本领域,蓬松纸浆是由短纤维素纤维如木(纸)浆纤维,或棉绒或它们的混合物松散堆积构成的纸粕,主要由纤维之间的键结合在一超,通常不需加入粘合剂,虽然也可使用热塑性粘合剂。纸粕是一种由纤维,优选木(纸)浆纤维松散压实的低密度的连结网状物。吸收粉末包括聚丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸基聚合物、皂化淀粉、和聚丙烯腈按枝共聚物。
本发明吸收性制品的其它优选方式包括纤维束在接触区被紧密压突,使纤维基本上彼此相互接触,制品长度两端向外张开,基本上彼此相互不接触,(见图24)。此外,纤维束在接触区可弯曲二分之一到十次。“接触区”“接触面”等术语是指吸收制品在使用过程中最先与体液接触或体液最先冲落的平面或区域。接触区可靠近吸收性制品的中心,可远离该中心,或与中心区重叠。
本发明的纤维亦可采用卷曲或不卷曲的人造短纤维形式。在这种情况下,本发明的优选吸收性制品包括具有主轴和付轴,长度大于宽度的尿布或失禁垫,该尿布或失禁垫包括上表层、底层和含有至少一层吸收层的吸收芯体,芯体内含有本发明的人造短纤维的紧密混合物(参见图22)。
本发明吸收性制品的另一优选方式是制品含有三个本发明的纤维束,每一纤维束的主轴位于绕制品主轴±30°之间,纤维素即可直接放在上表层之下,也可与吸收芯体充分混合,或与底层邻接(参见图25)
本发明吸收性制品的另一优选方式是一种两块式尿布,其中一块内含有本发明的纤维束使用时接收流下的流体,可重复使用,另一块是存放流体的,可替换下来。
随意地,本发明的吸收性制品在其上表层与吸收芯体之间,与上表层邻接一层低密度衬层或薄纸。此时纤维束最好位于吸收芯体与薄纸或低密度衬层之间。
本发明吸收性制品的另一优选方式中,纤维束与远离接触区的部分吸收芯体紧密接触。
本发明所考虑到的其它可利用本发明纤维的吸收性制品(这些制品可有或无特定的接触区)包括(仍不限于)吸汗束发带或袖口,外科用纱布,伤口敷料,鞋用吸汗鞋垫,通用揩擦制品,用于服装干燥器内的织物炊化剂条带,伤口排液管或外科用导管,擦手纸,土工布,运动服装如运动袜和散步服,美容敷料器,家具磨光敷贴器,软食涂片取样器,咽喉培养物取样器,血液分析测试元件,采用和工业用除臭器,润湿器织物渗湿介质,矫形模子衬垫,医用揩擦物(如含用于皮肤表面的酒精液体)等等。
墨水筒一般是用纤维素酯纤维和聚酯纤维的纤维束制成的,墨水筒的重要指标是(i)载持墨水的容量和(ii)贮墨的有效利用率。US4104781,US4286005和US3715254中介绍了制造墨水筒的技术。将用本发明纤维制成的纤维束用到这些墨水筒中,由于本发明纤维横截面的性质及单根纤维表面的自动输送性质,明显提高了载持容量和/或贮墨的有效利用率。
在土工布领域,土工布材料的一种重要的功能是将雨水或其它含水流体从不需要的地段输送到远处的地段上,据信,由于本发明纤维的表面自动输送性质,在土工布应用方面,用这些纤维制成的制品将有助于含水流体从一地向另一地区输送。
在充满活力的运动和户外活动中,为了感觉舒适而使人体保持相对干爽十分重要。通常人体出汗或排汁常使人感到被“弄湿”了。因此,贴身穿的衣服和其它用品的一个重要的功能是将“汗水”或“汗液”从皮肤上迅速输送到贴身衣服用品上。此外,这些衣服用品不宜吸收大量的这种“汗液”,这点很重要。否则,需花很长时间排除或干燥这些衣服用品上的含水流体。例如,用棉花或纤维素纤维制出的衣服或用品的吸水能力很强(7-10%)因此非常不希望将其用在这方面,但用本发明的纤维和/或其与其它类型纤维的混合物作成的衣服或这类用品都是很符合要求的,本发明纤维所具有的表面自动输送性质可迅速排除人体上的“汗水”或“汗液”,使人体保持相当干爽。因此,用本发明纤维制成的吸汗束发带或袖口,鞋中的鞋垫,擦手纸,运动袜,散步服等等可很符合要求。
本发明的纤维可用本领域公知的和/或本文公开的技术,用本发明的新型喷丝头或使纤维横截面具有适用的几何形状及特性的其它喷丝头进行制备。
一般而论,可将本发明的方法描述为一种制备本发明纤维的方法,该法包括将可形成纤维的一种材料在其融点或融点以上进行加热使被加热的材料通过至少一个喷丝头,该喷丝头上带有至少一个可形成所需纤维的孔口。纤维可经过牵伸和/或热稳定化处理,再随意地对形成的纤维进行表面处理如前面所述的亲水性涂层或等离子体处理。
本发明的吸收性制品可采用本领域公知的和/或本文公开的技术制备,本领域公知技术如US4573986,US3938522,US4102340,US4044768,US4282874,US4285342,US4333463,US4731066,US4681577,US4685914,US4654040,本发明的纤维束可放在吸收性制品内可促使流体流动的任何位置,以便充分利用制品的吸收材料。
本领域公知的熔融粘合结构物也可用本发明的长丝股制备,压延步骤一定要十分注意以免损坏纤维的横截面,并由此阻止了表面的自动输送。
利用本发明也可制出常规织物所需旦数和长丝支数的连续的长丝纱线。这些纱线可用来制备一种稀松的平纹织物,该织物表面可自动地输送含水流体。
下面用实例进一步说明本发明,但不应理解为是对本发明的一种限制。
例1:
本例使用0.6I.V.的聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)(PET)。I.V.为比浓对数粘度,是在25℃,适当溶剂如60wt%苯酚和40wt%四氯乙烷混合物液中,聚合物浓度0.50g/100ml时的测意值在Patterson Conaform干燥器内,120℃下将聚合物干燥8小时,直到水含量≤0.003wt%。用直径1.5英时(38.1mm),长径比28∶1的Egan挤出机在283℃挤出该聚合物,通过有8个孔的喷丝头挤出纤维,每一孔如图3所示,其中w为0.084mm,X2为4w,X4为2w,X6为6w,X8为6w,X10为7w,X12为9w,X14为10w,X16为11w,X18为6w,θ2=0°,θ4=45°,θ6=30°,θ8=45°聚合物的剂出量约为7磅(1b)/小时,(3.18Kg/hr)。空气急冷系统带有一横向流动结构,筛极顶部急冷空气流速平均为294ft/min(89.61m/min)。跟筛极顶约7英时(177.8mm)处,急冷空气的平均流速约为285ft/min(86.87m/min)。距筛极顶约14英时(355.6mm)处,急冷空气的平均流速约279ft/min)(85.04m/min)。距筛极顶约21英时(533.4mm)处急冷空气的平均流速约340ft/min(103.63m/min)。筛网的其余部分被阻塞。通过陶瓷轻压滚筒加入仿丝润滑剂。润滑剂一般组成如下:以十二烷基磷酸钾(PLP)为基的润滑剂,含有聚乙二醇600单十二烷基酯,(70wt%)和聚氧乙烯(5)十二烷基磷酸钾(30wt%)。用上述润滑剂与水90%的乳化液作为仿丝润滑剂,润滑剂在纤维样品上的量约为1.5%,20dpf(旦/长丝)(22.22dtex)的纤维以3000米/分钟(MPM)的速度缠绕在Barmag SW4SL绕线器上。图9示出这一纤维的横截面的显微照片(放大150倍)。测定单根纤维对水溶液的自动的表面输送能力,该水溶液是80wt%水和20wt%红色素的Sgltintpoly Rod水溶液(从Milliken Chemicals得到)。20dpf(22.22dtex)的单根纤维表面可自动输送上述水溶液。按下面表1所示的不同速度制出下列旦/长丝的PET纤维。
表1
转速 绕线器
dpf MPM
20 3,000 Barmag
40 1,500 Leesona
60 1,000 Leesona
120 500 Leesona
240 225 Leesona
400 150 Leesona
上述dpf为20,40,60,120,240,和400的PET纤维单丝表面都能自动输送syltint poly Red水溶液。这些纤维的参数“X”值(如前所定义)约为1.7用与制备上述纤维相同的聚合物压塑制出厚度0.02英时(0.508mm)的PET网膜,用测接触角的测角器在空气中测出蒸馏水在上述薄膜上的接触角。接触角为71.7°。用制备上述纤维时所用同样润滑剂喷涂上述同样薄膜的另一样品,喷涂量约1.5%。蒸馏水在喷涂有润滑剂的PET薄膜上的接触角约为7°。这样,该例中因子(1-xcosθ)为[1-1.7(cos7°)]=-0.69,数值小于0。
例2
从杜邦公司得到聚亚已基已二酰胺(尼龙66)[zytel42(商标)]。该聚合物在279℃挤出。用图3所示的喷丝头按255m/min速度纺出46dpf的纤维,喷丝孔的具体尺寸与例1中相同,只是θ2不是0°而是30°。急冷条件与例1中制备PET纤维时所用急冷条件相同,图11是纤维横截面的显微照片(放大150倍)。纤维上润滑剂用量约为1.8wt%。润滑剂与PET纤维上所用的相同(例1)。该尼龙66纤维可自动输送其表面上的Sgltint Poly Rod水溶液,该纤维的参数“X”约为1.9。用与制备例2纤维相同的聚合物挤压出厚度0.02英时(0.508mm)的尼龙66薄膜,用测接触角的测角器在空气中测出蒸馏水在上述薄膜上的接触角。接触角为64°,用制备本例中纤维时所用同样的润滑剂喷涂上述同样薄膜的另一样品,喷涂量约1.8%,蒸馏水在喷涂有润滑剂的尼龙66薄膜上的接触角为约2°。这样,该例中因子(1-xcosθ)为[1-1.9(cos2°)]=-0.9,数值小于0。
例3
从Shell company得到聚丙烯高聚物(Grade 5c14)。在279℃挤出。用图3所示的喷丝头,以2000MPM速度纺出51dpf(56.67dtex)纤维。喷丝孔的具体尺寸与例2中相同,急冷条件与制造PET纤维时条件相同。图10是纤维横截面的显微照片(放375倍)。纤维上润滑剂量为2.6%。润滑剂与PET纤维上所用相同(例1),聚丙烯纤维可自动输送其表面上的Syltint poly Red水溶液。从10dpf(11.11dtex)的单根聚丙烯纤维上亦观察到这种沿纤维表面的自动输送现象。该纤维的参数“X”值约为2.2。用与制备例3纤维相同的聚合物压塑出厚度0.02英时(0.5080mm)的聚丙烯薄膜,用测接触角的测角测出空气中蒸馏水在上述薄膜上的接触角。接触角约为110°用制备本例中纤维时所用同样的润滑剂喷涂上述同样薄膜的另一样品,喷涂量约2.6%。蒸馏水在喷涂有润滑剂的聚丙烯薄膜上的接触角为12°,因此,在本例中因子(1-xcosθ)为-1.1,数值小于0。
例4
将纤维素乙酯(Eastman Grade CA398-30 ClassI)与PEG400聚合物和少量抗氧剂及热稳定剂混合,混合物在270°融化挤出。用图3所示的喷丝头,以540m/min速度制出115dpf(127.78dtex)纤维。喷丝孔的具体尺寸与例2中相同。未用强制急冷空气,润滑剂在纤维上的用量为1.6%,润滑剂与PET纤维上所用相同(例1)。乙酸纤维素纤维可自动输送其表面上的syltint poly Red水溶液。该纤维的参数“X”值约为1.8。
例5(对照)
不用任何纺丝润滑剂,制出20dpf(22.22dtex)的例1的PET纤维。单根纤维不能自动输送其表面上的syltint poly Red水溶液。
例6(对照)
例7
将例5的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)纤维(未加任何纺丝润滑剂)用氧等离子体处理30秒钟。所用氧等离子体仪器为“Plasmod”型。由RF发生器在13.56MHz频率下提出激发能量等离子体处理在50瓦恒定功率下进行,经氧等离子体处理的纤维可自动输送其上的Syltint poly Red水溶液。该纤维经过5次洗涤,放置3天后,重新检测,仍可观察到对上述水溶液的自动输送行为。为了测出经等离子体处理后接触角的减小量,用与纤维材料相同的材料制成PET薄膜,并在与处理纤维样品相同的条件下对该薄膜进行氧等离子体处理。用测接触角的测角器及蒸馏水在空气中测出被氧等离子体处理过的薄膜上的平均接触角为26°。作为对照的PET薄膜(未经氧等离子体处理)上的相应的接触角为70°。使未处理过的PET纤维经受氧等离子体处理后,接触角大大减小,这使其能够自动输送表面的水溶液。
例8
本例用的是0.61V的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)。用8孔喷丝头挤出,如图4所示,其中W为0.084mm,X20为17W,X22为3W,X24为4W,X26为60W,X28为17W,X30为2W,X32为72W,θ10为45°,LegB为30W,LegA为26W。其他的加工条件与例1所述相同。在600MPM纺出100dpf的纤维(111.11dtex)。图12为该纤维横截面图。纤维上上润滑剂用量约为1%。润滑剂与例1所用相同,上述纤维可沿其表面自动输送Syltint poly Red水溶液。该纤维的参数“X”为1.5。
例9
本例采用0.61V的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯聚合物。用8孔喷丝头挤出,如图5所示,其中W为0.10mm,X34为2W,X36为58W,X38为24W,θ12=20°,θ14=28°,n=6,其余的挤出和纺丝条件同例1所述。图13示出纤维横截面的显微照片(放585倍)。在3000MPM纺出20dpf(22.22dtex)纤维,纤维上润滑剂用量约为1.7%。润滑剂同例1中所用。上述纤维可沿其表面自动输送Syltint poly Red水溶液。纤维的参数“X”约为2.4。
例10
本例采用约0.61V的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)聚合物。聚合物由图7所示4孔的喷丝头挤出,其中孔的尺寸重复例2所述的尺寸。其余的加工条件除另作说明外,与例1所述相同。在600MPM纺出200dpf(222.22dtex)纤维。高聚物挤出量约为71bs/hr(3.18Kg/hr)。图14示出纤维的光显微照片(放大150倍)。纤维上润滑剂用量为2.0%。润滑剂同例1所用。上述纤维可沿其表面自动输送Syltint poly Red水溶液。该纤维的参数“X”约为2.2。
例11
本例采用0.61V的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)聚合物,聚合物由图8所示带2个孔口的喷丝头挤出,其中孔口尺寸重复例2所述尺寸,其余加工条件与例1所述相同。在600MPM纺出364dpf(404.44dtex)纤维。图15示出纤维的横截面)放大150倍)。纤维上润滑剂用量的为2.7%,润滑剂同例1所用,上述纤维可沿其表面自动输送Syltint poly Red水溶液。该纤维的参数“X”为2.1。
例12
本例采用0.6IV的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)聚合物,用图6所示8孔喷丝头挤出。其中W为0.10mm,X42为6W。X44为11W,X46为11W,X48为24W,X50为38W,X52为3W,X54为6W,X56为11W,X58为7W,X60为17W,X62为28W,X64为24W,X66为17W,X68为2W,θ16=45°,θ18=45°,θ20=45°,其余的加工条件同例1所述。在600MPM纺出100dpf(111.11dtex)纤维。图17示出纤维横截面,纤维上润滑剂用量约1%。润滑剂同例1所用。上述纤维可沿其表面自动输送Syltint poly Red水溶液。该纤维的参数“X”为1.3。
例13
本例采用0.6I.V.的PET聚合物,用图6B所示8孔喷丝头挤出,其中W为0.10mm,X72为8W,X74为8W,X76为12W,X78为8W,X80为24W,X82为18W,X84为8W,X86为16W,X88为24W,X90为18W,X92为2W,θ22=135°,θ24=90°,θ26=45°,θ28=45°,θ30=45°,θ32=45°,θ34=45°,θ36=45°,θ38=45°。在3000m/min纺出20dpf(22.22dtex)纤维,其余的加工条件同例1所述。纤维上润滑剂用量约1%,图17B示出纤维横截面,该纤维可沿其表面自动输送Syltint poly Red水溶液。该纤维的“X”值约为2.1。
例14
制备可随意使用的吸收性制品,该制品包括:(a)由聚乙烯制成的不渗透液体的底层,(b)由聚丙烯制成的,相当亲水的可渗透液体的上表层,(c)置于底层与上表层之间的层状吸收芯体,(d)本发明的纤维束,吸收性制品上的盖面或贴面是渗水性很强的无纺织物,可以是聚酯,聚乙烯,聚丙烯,尼龙,人造丝等织物,优选织物是重量很轻的织物,其重范围为0.3-5.0oz./平方码(10.17-169.5g/m2),密度小于0.3g/cc。最适用的织物具有不寻常的高延伸率、柔软性、易起皱折性等特征,贴面虽然是可渗透水份的,但仍优选那种在水份渗透后,吸收性制品接近饱和态时,可防止体液反向透过的贴面,纤维素纤维的纸粕(蓬松纸浆)实质上比贴面更易润湿,并试图将液体从贴面层吸走,纤维素纸粕可包裹在一张纤维纸内,虽然不一定非用纤维纸包裹该纤维素纸粕,但如果该纤维素纸粕很厚,如1英时或更厚,最好采用纤维纸包裹,这样,有助于吸收性制品保持所需的形状,纤维素纸粕亦含有遇水膨胀的水不溶性的吸收性组成。超级吸收颗粒通常就是遇水膨胀的、水不溶性的、干性固体吸收组成物,如由一种水溶性阴离子的聚电解质与一多价金属阳离子的离子型络合物。典型的超级吸收组合物可见S.H.Ganslaw等人的US4,090,013和US4,043,952。超级吸收材料可以是单独的颗粒,也可粘附到其它已知的超级吸收组合物上,制成膜带形状,也可将超级吸收材料固定到超级吸收贮放底层,或只是简单地放在贮放层内。本发明的纤维可制成纤维束或纤维捆,直接放在上表层下面,如图19所示。通过采用本发明的纤维束,体液可进一步沿吸收制品扩散,(从而改进了穿透性和再润湿性),由此可更有效地利用提供的吸收面积和超级吸收材料,也使皮肤一吸收性制品的界面较干爽。
例15
可随意使用的吸收性制品的各组成部分同例14,只是本例中,将本发明的纤维制成纤维束,放在纤维素纸粕(吸收芯体)内如图21所示,通过利用本发明的纤维束,体液如尿可进一步沿吸收制品扩散(从而改进了穿透性和再润湿性),由此可更有效地利用提供的吸收面积和超级吸收材料,也使皮肤-吸收制品的界面较干爽。
例16
可随意使用的吸收性制品的各组成部分同例14。只是本例中,将本发明的纤维制成纤维束,直接放在纤维素纸粕(吸收芯体)下面,如图20所示。通过利用本发明的纤维束,体液(如尿)可进一步沿吸收制品扩散(从而改进了穿透性和再润湿性)由此可更有效地利用提供的吸收面积和超级吸收材料,也使皮肤-吸收制品的界面较干燥。
例17
可随意使用的吸收性制品的各组成部分同例14。只是本例中,将本发明的纤维放到含纤维素纸粕(吸收芯体)的层内,使本发明的人造短纤维与蓬松纸浆(亲水性纤维素纤维)充分混合,将本发明的纤维切割成长度0.25-6英时(6.35-152.4mm)的短纤维(参见图22),通过利用本发明的纤维束,体液(如尿)可进一步沿吸收制品扩散(从而改进了穿透性和再润湿性),由此可更有效地利用提供的吸收面积和超级吸收材料,也使皮肤-吸收制品的界面较干爽。
例18
可随意使用的吸收性制品的各组成部分同例14。只是本例中,将本发明纤维的纤维束放到纤维素纸粕(吸收芯体)上、下两处,如图26所示,通过利用本发明的纤维束,体液(如尿)可进一步沿吸收制品扩散(从而改进了穿透性和再润湿性),由此可更有效地利用提供的吸收面积和超级吸收材料,也使皮肤-吸收制品的界面较干爽。
例19
可随意使用的吸收性制品的各组成部分同例14。只是本例中,将本发明纤维的纤维束紧密压实到接触区内(纤维束在接触区内也可弯曲),使纤维基本上彼此相互接触,(由于这些单根纤维表面自动输送性质与纤维之间空隙处毛细管流的联合作用,促使了尿或其它体液流体沿纤维纵向迅速移动),同时使纤维束向制品长度的两端向外张开且基本上彼此不相互接触,图24示出了一种可能的安置方式。这种安置方式可使尿从接触区迅速移向尿布的外部区域,通过利用本发明的纤维素,体液(如尿)可进一步沿吸收制品扩散(从而改进了穿透性和再润湿性),由此可更有效地利用提供的吸收面积和超级吸收材料,也使皮肤-吸收制品的界面较干爽。
例20
本发明的纤维束非常适用于制造含水基墨书写工具的贮墨筒。除润滑剂用量为3.4%外,余按例1条件制出96/8d/f PET纱线,使这些纱线合股,牵伸1.5倍,经受热稳定化处理,卷拉成园柱形筒(直径0.70cm)且使卷筒密度为约0.10g/cc-0.25g/cc。用8dpf(8.89dtex)PET线做成具有接近园形横截面的对照物,采用例1中的润滑剂,用量1%,将其卷拉成同样大小的园柱形筒,密度范围亦为约0.10g/cc-0.25g/cc。将这些园柱形筒切成7.95cm的长度,用Sheaffer Skript(商标)可洗掉的墨色#632书写流体进行所有的试验。
图27是墨水载持容量对用本发明纤维和对照的园形纤维所作卷筒的卷筒密度的曲线圈,该试验基本上包括将墨水滴入放在垂直位置上的重量,已知的卷筒内,并在墨水开始从卷筒底部滴出时,测出卷筒内载持的墨水量,该重量(g)被称作被测卷筒的墨水载持容量。在试验的密度范围内,载持容量的提高范围约为13%-26%。
图28示出余留墨水百分数时对本发明的PET纤维和对照的园形PET纤维制成的卷筒的卷筒密度的曲线图,余留墨水百分数定义为:
(去湿后卷筒中余留的墨水(g))/(墨水载持容量(g)) ×100
后卷筒中余留墨水的测定如下:称出卷筒重量,用墨水将其充满(墨水载持容量),称出卷筒和墨水的重量,用Type F2Buckeye Filter纸接触卷筒底部,去湿,直到无墨水离开卷筒为止,称出卷筒和余留墨水的重量,最后减去卷筒重量,确定出卷筒中含留墨水的重量(g),请注意含本发明纤维的卷筒具有明显的优越效果。
图29是可用墨水对用本发明纤维和对照的园截面纤维制成的卷筒的卷筒密度的曲线图。该试验包括将等于卷筒的墨水载持容量的墨水滴入一定重量的卷筒,用Type F2Buckeye Filter纸接触卷筒底部,去湿直到无墨水离开卷筒为止。称出卷筒和吸不出来的墨水的重量,从墨水载持容量(g)中减去吸不出来的墨水的重量(g),即可确定可用墨水量(g)。在被试的密度范围内,改进的范围为约15%-30%。
图30是可用墨水与纤维重量之比对用本发明纤维和对照的园截面纤维制成的卷筒的卷筒密度的曲线图。注意用本发明纤维制成的卷筒具有明显的改进之处。
特别结合优选实施方式对本发明作了详细描述说明,但应理解,在本发明的范围之内,可进行各种变换和改进。
Claims (10)
1、一种能够自动输送其表面水份的合成纤维,其中所说的纤维满足方程式
(1-xcosθa)<0
式中θa是在一平面膜上测出的水的向前推进和接触角,该平面膜由与纤维相同的材料制成,若进行处理的话,则经过同样的表面处理,
X是纤维横截面的形状因子,满足下列方程
X= (Pw)/(4r+(π-2)D)
式中Pw是纤维的被润湿周长,r是限定纤维横截面的外接园半径,D是横穿纤维横截面的短轴长度。
2、权利要求1的纤维,其中2 (r)/(D) 为1.5-5。
3、权利要求1的纤维,该纤维满足下列方程:
式中γLA是用达因/厘米,表示的水在空气中的表面张力,ρ是用g/cc表示的纤维密度,d p f是单根纤维的旦数。
4、权利要求1的纤维,其中X约为1.2-5。
5、权利要求1的纤维,其中单根纤维的旦数为10-70。
6、权利要求1的纤维,由选自聚酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯,一种纤维素酯,和一种尼龙中的一种材料构成。
7、权利要求6的纤维,其上涂复一层亲水性润滑剂。
8、权利要求1的纤维,其中纤维横截面上每一凹槽在任一槽深度处的宽度等于或小于槽口处的宽度。
9、一种制备满足下列方程的纤维和方法:
(1-xcosθa)<0
式中θa是在一平面膜上测出的水的向前推进的接触角,该平面膜由与纤维相同的材料制成且经过同样的表面处理。
x是纤维横截面的形状因子,满足下列方程:
X= (Pw)/(4r+(π-2)D)
式中Pw是纤维的被润湿周长,r是限定纤维横截面的外接园半径,D是横穿纤维横截面的短轴长度。
该方法包括在制造纤维的材料的融点或融点以上温度下加热该材料,用带有至少一个能制出所需纤维的孔口的喷丝头挤出该被加热材料,及进行适当的表面处理。
10、被放入下列一种或一种以上的制品中的权利要求1的纤维∶棉塞,吸汗束发带或袖口,外科用纱布或伤口敷料,鞋用吸汗及排汗鞋垫,揩擦物,用于服装干燥器内的织物软化剂条带,伤口排液管或外科用导管,擦手纸,土工布,运动袜,散步服,美容敷料器,家俱磨光敷贴器,软食涂片取样器,咽喉培养物取样器,血液分析测试元件,墨水筒,家用及工业用除臭器,润湿器织物,渗湿介质,矫形模子衬垫,或熔融粉接结构物。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US33365189A | 1989-04-04 | 1989-04-04 | |
US333,651 | 1989-04-04 | ||
SG173294A SG173294G (en) | 1989-04-04 | 1994-12-06 | Fibers capable of spontaneously transporting fluids |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN90102479A Division CN1051813C (zh) | 1989-04-04 | 1990-04-04 | 含有能够自动输送其表面的含水流体的纤维的吸收性制品 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1111295A true CN1111295A (zh) | 1995-11-08 |
CN1078270C CN1078270C (zh) | 2002-01-23 |
Family
ID=26664508
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN90102479A Expired - Fee Related CN1051813C (zh) | 1989-04-04 | 1990-04-04 | 含有能够自动输送其表面的含水流体的纤维的吸收性制品 |
CN94116341A Expired - Fee Related CN1078270C (zh) | 1989-04-04 | 1994-10-07 | 能够自动输送流体的纤维 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN90102479A Expired - Fee Related CN1051813C (zh) | 1989-04-04 | 1990-04-04 | 含有能够自动输送其表面的含水流体的纤维的吸收性制品 |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0466778B1 (zh) |
JP (3) | JP3193371B2 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN1051813C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE110422T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU639919B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9007264A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2049945C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69011855T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0466778T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2057554T3 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI90886C (zh) |
HK (1) | HK7395A (zh) |
IE (1) | IE67620B1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX171838B (zh) |
NO (1) | NO913885D0 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ233094A (zh) |
SG (1) | SG173294G (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1990012130A2 (zh) |
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- 1990-04-03 DK DK90906017.0T patent/DK0466778T3/da active
- 1990-04-03 DE DE69011855T patent/DE69011855T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN102216518A (zh) * | 2008-11-21 | 2011-10-12 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | 包含亲水剂的单丝 |
CN110352269A (zh) * | 2017-02-28 | 2019-10-18 | 伊士曼化工公司 | 非织造织物中的醋酸纤维素纤维 |
US11795530B2 (en) | 2018-02-02 | 2023-10-24 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | Electrical steel strip that can be but doesn't have to be reannealed |
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EP0391814A2 (en) | 1990-10-10 |
CN1046361A (zh) | 1990-10-24 |
ES2057554T3 (es) | 1994-10-16 |
JP3193371B2 (ja) | 2001-07-30 |
EP0391814A3 (en) | 1991-07-24 |
MX171838B (es) | 1993-11-18 |
AU5404090A (en) | 1990-11-05 |
ATE110422T1 (de) | 1994-09-15 |
DK0466778T3 (da) | 1995-01-09 |
NZ233094A (en) | 1992-07-28 |
BR9007264A (pt) | 1991-12-10 |
AU639919B2 (en) | 1993-08-12 |
WO1990012130A3 (en) | 1991-04-04 |
DE69011855D1 (de) | 1994-09-29 |
DE69011855T2 (de) | 1995-01-12 |
SG173294G (en) | 1995-04-28 |
FI914644A0 (fi) | 1991-10-03 |
IE901215L (en) | 1990-10-04 |
WO1990012130A2 (en) | 1990-10-18 |
JP2001234424A (ja) | 2001-08-31 |
NO913885L (no) | 1991-10-03 |
FI90886B (fi) | 1993-12-31 |
CN1078270C (zh) | 2002-01-23 |
FI90886C (fi) | 1994-04-11 |
HK7395A (en) | 1995-01-27 |
EP0466778A1 (en) | 1992-01-22 |
EP0466778B1 (en) | 1994-08-24 |
IE67620B1 (en) | 1996-04-17 |
JP2004060139A (ja) | 2004-02-26 |
CA2049945C (en) | 1996-04-09 |
JPH04504285A (ja) | 1992-07-30 |
CN1051813C (zh) | 2000-04-26 |
NO913885D0 (no) | 1991-10-03 |
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