CN1110972A - 含氨酯、脲及缩二脲基团的硬泡沫塑料的制法及用途 - Google Patents
含氨酯、脲及缩二脲基团的硬泡沫塑料的制法及用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供生产含有氨酯、脲和缩二脲基团的基
本上闭孔的硬泡沫塑料的方法。这种泡塑具优等的
对固体表面粘附性,该方法包括:将(a)有机多异氰酸
酯,与(b)改性蓖麻油,在(c)催化剂,和(d)水存在
下,进行反应,其中(b)的改性蓖麻油的OH值为200
—500,优选350—480,其为由蓖麻油与(i)一种或多
种胺,(ii)羟基化合物或(iii)其混合物进行反应而制
备的。本发明还涉及由此泡沫塑料制成的绝缘材料
和/或机械结构制件。
Description
本发明涉及基本上闭孔的、含氨酯、脲及缩二脲基团的硬质泡沫塑料(以下简称泡塑)的新制法。这些泡塑具优良的与固体表面粘附性能。本发明还涉及使用该泡塑作为绝缘材料和/或用于增强机械结构制件。
制造基本上闭孔、含氨酯、脲和缩二脲基团的硬泡塑的一般方法为已知。例如,在G.Oertel(edior)“Kunststoff Handbuch,vol.Ⅶ,Polyurethane,p.267 etc(Verlag Carl Hanser,Munich1993)记载了生产硬泡塑的综述。
此型硬泡塑的常规制法是使芳族多异氰酸酯与较高分子量的多元醇,优选多元醇-聚醚或聚酯,在发泡剂、催化剂、阻燃剂和其他助剂、添加剂存在下进行反应。还已知可以应用所述这些结构组分的混合物替代多元醇-聚醚或聚酯。使用此混合物的理由之一是降低成本,把昂贵的适于制造优质硬聚氨酯(PU)泡塑的多元醇聚酯与廉价的多元醇聚醚混合。例如在DE 2704196中描述了适用于生产具优良机械性质的硬PU泡塑的低粘度多元醇聚酯。
所述全部方法都依赖使用CFC(氯氟烃)发泡剂以保证所要求的硬泡塑性质,例如包括韧性、与表面层的粘附和阻燃性。
按DE 3910100,若使用其中所要求的多元醇混合物可以不必需使用CFC作为发泡剂。其所述方法的一项普遍特点是使用基于石油化工的常规多元醇体系。为降低此依赖性,人们愈来愈注意在制PU时使用特定的天然产品。这特别是使用可再生原料,蓖麻油。单只从成本讲,在硬泡塑配方中使用蓖麻油是很受欢迎的。因此,已有不少尝试将蓖麻油作多元醇组分。
US2955091描述了弹性泡塑,其中的多元醇组分是由常规多元醇与蓖麻油的混合物组成。
应用蓖麻油的硬泡塑披地露于J.Cell.Plast.5,364(1969)。其中除需用上述的CFC作发泡剂之外,还只能用特殊的蓖麻油/多元醇掺混物,才能生产具良好尺寸稳定性并符合实用要求的硬泡塑。
因此,本发明目的是提供具高的韧度、优粘附性和阻燃性的相应PU硬泡塑的新方法。该方法:
(a)可以使用改性的蓖麻油,
(b)可避免使用CFC发泡剂。
意外地发现,按下述的本发明方法可以达到上述目的:
本发明的目的是提供生产含有氨酯、脲和缩二脲基团的基本上闭孔的硬泡沫塑料的方法。这种泡塑具优等的对固体表面粘附性,该方法包括:将
(a)一种或多种有机多异氰酸酯,与
(b)改性蓖麻油,在
(c)一种或多种催化剂,和
(d)发泡剂,包括水
存在下,进行反应,
其中(b)的改性蓖麻油的OH值为200-500,优选350-480,其为由蓖麻油与(ⅰ)一种或多种胺、(ⅱ)羟基化合物或(ⅲ)其混合物进行反应而制备的。
在本发明中,还可以使用低沸点烃作为附加的发泡剂与水合用。还可以使该异氰酸酯与该改性蓖麻油的反应在
(e)在聚氨酯化学技术领域中熟知的辅助剂和/或添加剂存在下进行。
本发明的优选方案的方法中,(1)于异氰酸酯指数100-130条件进行该反应;(2)用于制备改性蓖麻油的胺是选自烷醇胺,多亚烷基胺以及它们的混合物;和/或(3)所述含氨酯、脲和缩二脲基团的基本上闭孔的硬泡塑的体积密度为20-200kg/m3。
本发明还涉及由这些含氨酯、脲及缩二脲基团并且具优等对固体表面粘附性的基本上闭孔的硬泡塑所制造的绝缘材料和/或机械结构制件。
本发明的一项根本特征是使用所述的特殊改性的蓖麻油。
本发明方法的适宜起始物料包括脂族、环脂族、芳脂族、芳族以及杂环的多异氰酸酯,例如W.Siefken在Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie,362,pp75-136中所描述者。它们包括相应于例如下式的多异氰酸酯:
Q(NCO)n
式中:
n代表2-5的整数,优选2-3;
Q代表C2-C18,优选C6-C10的脂族烃残基;C4-C15,优选C5-C10的环脂烃的残基;C6-C15;优选C6-C13的芳族烃残基。
这些多异氰酸酯的适宜例子包括DE 2832253的10-11页所描述的那些。
通常,特别优选的是使用市售易得到的多异氰酸酯,例如,2,4-和2,6-亚甲苯基二异氰酸酯以及这类异构物的任何需要的混合物(TDI),以及多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯,其为由苯胺-甲醛缩合及随后的光气化而制得(粗品MDI);还有含以下基团的多异氰酸酯:碳化二亚胺基团、氨酯基团、脲基甲酸根基团、异氰脲酸根基团、脲基团或缩二脲基团(改性多异氰酸酯),并且,特别是得自2,4-和/或2,6-亚甲苯基二异氰酸酯或得自4,4′-和/或2,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的改性多异氰酸酯。
适宜的起始组分(b)即改性蓖麻油包括由蓖麻油与一或多种胺、甘油或其混合物反应所得的反应产物。这些反应产物的OH值约200-500,优选350-480。
适用于本发明的所述胺优选包括亚乙基胺系列,例如四亚乙基五胺(四乙五胺),三乙四胺,或二乙三胺。优选也用烷醇胺型的胺类,这些例如包括单、二或三乙醇胺。蓖麻油与适当的一种或多种胺的反应例如通过将各该化合物于40-250℃混合,优选为50-180℃。视乎所用温度之不同,反应时间于约1-24小时之间变化,优选2-16小时。
还可以把蓖麻油与一或多种适用的胺和羟基化合物的混合物进行反应,得到适当的反应物料,用于本发明。其反应时间和温度一般亦在上述的蓖麻油与一或多种胺反应所列条件的范围内。
适宜的羟基化合物含有2-6个羟基,羟值约1000-1900,例如乙二醇,二乙二醇,新戊二醇,甘油,三羟甲基丙烷,三羟甲基乙烷,季戊四醇,山梨糖。
蓖麻油与羟基化合物的反应产物是按已知的酯基转移反应(醇解)而制成,温度为100-250℃,优选150-200℃,进行持续搅拌,直至反应混合物成均质(视乎所选用的反应温度,由2小时至30分钟)。为使此反应加速,向混合物中加入具催化作用量的碱性金属化合物。适用的碱性金属化合物例如包括氢氧化物,如Ca(OH)2,或醇盐,如NaOCH3。
适用于本发明的蓖麻油、胺和/或羟基化合物的用量取决于该反应产物的OH值。只要能使产物的OH值为200-500,优选350-480,这些化合物可以采用任何用量。
用于本发明的适当催化剂包括在聚氨酯化学领域已知的和惯用的那些。
所用发泡剂包括水。也可以将不含卤素的发泡剂与水合用。适用的无卤素发泡剂例如低沸点烷烃如戊烷,环烷烃如环戊烷,烯烃,酯类,酮类,醚类,等等。
改性蓖麻油、各种聚氨酯催化剂、水及其他任选的发泡剂、以及其他任选的添加剂等组分,与多异氰酸酯(a)反应,其用量应使得其异氰酸酯指数为90-150,优选100-130。
在本发明中任选使用的适用的辅助剂和添加剂,例如包括表面活性剂,如乳化剂和泡沫稳定剂;以及反应阻滞剂、已知类型的泡孔调节剂,例如石蜡或脂肪醇或二甲基聚硅氧烷,以及颜料、染料及已知类型的阻燃剂,例如三(氯乙基)磷酸酯,三(氯丙基)磷酸酯,二苯基羟甲苯基磷酸酯,三羟甲苯基磷酸酯,还有针对老化和耐天候性的稳定剂,增塑剂及杀真菌剂以及杀菌剂,还有填充料如硫酸钡,硅藻土,炭黑或加工白垩。
此等辅助剂和添加剂例如可见DE 2732292,pp.21-24的描述。
添加剂的另一些例子包括表面活性剂和泡沫稳定剂,还有泡孔调节剂,反应阻滞剂,稳定剂,阻燃剂,增塑剂,染料,填充料,还有杀真菌剂及杀菌剂,在本发明中这些也可任选使用。关于这些添加剂的使用和作用方式的详细资料例如见于Kunststoff-Handbuch,Vol.Ⅶ,编者G.Oertel.Carl-Hanser Verlag,Munich,1993,pp.104-127。
所述含氨酯、脲及缩二脲基团并具有优良对固体表面粘附性的基本上闭孔的硬泡沫塑料,是按聚氨酯化学领域中已知方式生产的。按本发明所制硬泡塑的优选体积密度为20-200kg/m3。
以下实例进一步阐明本发明方法的细节,但并非限定本发明范围。本领域技术人员将明了,以下所列方法步骤的条件可采取已知的变化。所列温度为℃,份数为重量份,另注明者除外。
实例1-6涉及用于本发明的改性蓖麻油的制备。所用蓖麻油为巴西1号蓖麻油,OH值为160,供货商为Alberdingt Boley GmbH,Germany。
实例1
930g蓖麻油、184g甘油与2gCa(OH)2于200℃一起搅拌30分钟,得到带黄色的均质混合物,OH值为433。
实例2
465g蓖麻油,79g二乙醇胺于150℃一起搅拌4小时,得黄色澄清液体,OH值为363。
实例3
930g蓖麻油,158g二乙醇胺,52g甘油于150℃一起搅拌4小时,得黄色澄清液体,OH值433。
实例4
465g蓖麻油,47g四乙五胺,55g甘油于150℃一起搅拌2小时,得带红色澄清液体,OH值420。
实例5
930g蓖麻油,153g五乙六胺,52g甘油于100℃一起搅拌14小时,得带红色澄清液体,OH值405。
实例6
930蓖麻油,261g三乙醇胺,于150℃一起搅拌4小时,得带红色澄清液体,OH值365。
实例7-14涉及按本发明方法制备硬泡塑:
实例7
930g蓖麻油,335g三羟甲基丙烷,2gCa(OH)2于200℃一起搅拌30分钟,得黄色澄清液体,OH值447。
实例8
1860g蓖麻油,73g三乙四胺,95g四乙五胺,469g三羟甲基丙烷于150℃一起搅拌3小时,得黄色澄清液体,OH值435。
实例9
1860g蓖麻油,636g二乙二醇,4gCa(OH)2于200℃一起搅拌1小时,得棕色澄清液体,OH值390。
实例10
1860g蓖麻油,372g乙二醇,4gCa(OH)2于200℃一起搅拌1小时,得棕色澄清液体,OH值435。
实例11
465g蓖麻油,91g山梨糖,1gCa(OH)2于200℃一起搅拌2小时,得黄色澄清液体,OH值413。
实例12
930g蓖麻油,224g三乙醇胺,52g甘油于180℃一起搅拌3小时,得黄色澄清液体,OH值430。
实例13
930g蓖麻油,265g二乙二醇,61g山梨糖,2.6gCa(OH)2于200℃一起搅拌60分钟,得带黄色澄清液体,OH值410。
以下四页的表中,列出硬泡沫塑料制备的实施例1-14,其中份数为重量份;泡孔大小等级1-5,1为小孔,5为大孔;泡孔结构等级1-5,1为良好,5为不良。
在实施例1-14中使用以下的物料:
催化剂1:二甲基苄基胺
催化剂2:二甲基环己胺
稳定剂:Tegostal B8421,市售的聚醚硅氧烷,得自Goldschmidt,Essen
阻燃剂:二苯基羟甲苯基磷酸酯
异氰酸酯:DesmodurR44V20,市售品,得自Bayer AG。
前文已详述本发明供阐明之用,但不言而喻,此等细节仅供阐明目的,本领域技术人员可于其中作出变动而不背离本发明的精神实质和范围。本发明系由权利要求书限定其范围。
Claims (9)
1、一种生产含有氨酯、脲和缩二脲基团的基本上闭孔的硬泡沫塑料的方法,该方法包括:将
(a)一种或多种有机多异氰酸酯,与
(b)改性蓖麻油,在
(c)一种或多种催化剂,和
(d)发泡剂,包括水
存在下,进行反应,
其中(b)的改性蓖麻油的OH值为200-500,其为由蓖麻油与(i)一种或多种胺、(ii)羟基化合物或(iii)其混合物进行反应而制备的。
2、权利要求1的方法,其中改性蓖麻油的OH值为350-480。
3、权利要求1的方法,其中发泡剂还包括一种或多种低沸点烃。
4、权利要求1的方法,其中多异氰酸酯和改性蓖麻油反应时还存在有:
(e)辅助物料和/或添加剂。
5、权利要求1的方法,其中所述反应是使异氰酸酯指数100-130为条件进行的。
6、权利要求1的方法,其中所述胺是选自:烷醇胺,多亚烷基胺,以及它们的混合物。
7、权利要求1的方法,其中羟基化合物含有2-6个羟基,OH值为1000-1900。
8、权利要求1的方法,其中所述含有氨酯、脲和缩二脲基团的基本闭孔的硬泡沫塑料的体积密度为20-200kg/m3。
9、由权利要求1-7中任一项的方法所制得的基本上闭孔硬泡沫塑料所制成的绝缘材料和/或机械结构制件。
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DE4409041 | 1994-03-17 | ||
DEP4409041.2 | 1994-03-17 | ||
DEP4418993.1 | 1994-05-31 | ||
DE4418993A DE4418993A1 (de) | 1994-03-17 | 1994-05-31 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von im wesentlichen geschlossenzelligen Urethan-, Harnstoff- und Biuretgruppen aufweisenden Hartschaumstoffen mit hervorragender Haftung an festen Oberflächen und deren Verwendung |
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CN (1) | CN1110972A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU1477495A (zh) |
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CA (1) | CA2144467A1 (zh) |
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CN102712735A (zh) * | 2009-09-29 | 2012-10-03 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法 |
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GB9601589D0 (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1996-03-27 | Queensway Expert Developments | Polyol compositions for polyurethanes |
CN1077115C (zh) * | 1996-02-12 | 2002-01-02 | 邱连生 | 无氟聚氨酯泡沫塑料 |
DE19634392A1 (de) * | 1996-08-26 | 1998-03-05 | Bayer Ag | Schäumfähige Polyurethanzubereitungen mit gutem Fließverhalten sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung geschäumter Polyurethan-Formteile |
US6455605B1 (en) | 1997-09-10 | 2002-09-24 | H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing Inc. | Foamable composition exhibiting instant thixotropic gelling |
US6288133B1 (en) * | 1997-09-10 | 2001-09-11 | H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing Inc. | Foaming urethane composition and methods of using such compositions |
US8575226B2 (en) | 1998-09-17 | 2013-11-05 | Rhino Linings Corporation | Vegetable oil-based coating and method for application |
US6180686B1 (en) * | 1998-09-17 | 2001-01-30 | Thomas M. Kurth | Cellular plastic material |
US20020058774A1 (en) | 2000-09-06 | 2002-05-16 | Kurth Thomas M. | Transesterified polyol having selectable and increased functionality and urethane material products formed using the polyol |
US7671104B2 (en) | 1999-02-13 | 2010-03-02 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Fine cell, water-blown rigid polyurethane foams |
DE19905989A1 (de) * | 1999-02-13 | 2000-08-17 | Bayer Ag | Feinzellige, wassergetriebene Polyurethanhartschaumstoffe |
US6258869B1 (en) * | 1999-07-13 | 2001-07-10 | Polymermann (Asia) Pvt. Ltd. | Process for production of polyols, and polyols for polyurethane |
DE102011007479A1 (de) | 2011-04-15 | 2012-10-18 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Zusammensetzung, enthaltend spezielle Amide und organomodifizierte Siloxane, geeignet zur Herstellung von Polyurethanschäumen |
DE102011007468A1 (de) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-10-18 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Zusammensetzung, enthaltend spezielle Carbamat-artige Verbindungen, geeignet zur Herstellung von Polyurethanschäumen |
EP2871195A1 (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2015-05-13 | ALLNEX AUSTRIA GmbH | Cationic Alkyd Resins |
JP7405475B1 (ja) * | 2023-06-02 | 2023-12-26 | 伊藤製油株式会社 | ポリオール組成物及びその製造方法並びにポリウレタンフォーム製造用組成物 |
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GB882949A (en) * | 1959-01-21 | 1961-11-22 | Ici Ltd | Process for the manufacture of cellular materials |
US3248349A (en) * | 1962-05-03 | 1966-04-26 | Mobay Chemical Corp | Cellular polyurethane plastics prepared from a tall oil ester |
DE1248919B (de) * | 1967-10-12 | 1967-08-31 | Hermann Joseph Neidhart, Genf-Bernex, Rico Neidhart, Genf (Schweiz) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zusammenbau von Torsionsfederungselemenien |
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CN102712735B (zh) * | 2009-09-29 | 2014-01-15 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法 |
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