CN111066411A - Peucedanum praeruptorum seed selection method - Google Patents
Peucedanum praeruptorum seed selection method Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of peucedanum seeds, and provides a peucedanum seed selection method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a completely mature seed canopy located in the middle section area of the peucedanum praeruptorum; drying the selected erigeron breviscapus; rubbing the dried seed coats to enable the seeds to fall off; screening out impurities in the grains; drying the grains after the impurities are removed by the sun and sieving to ensure that the water content of the grains is 9 to 11 percent; selecting the kernel with the thousand kernel weight of 1.7-1.9 g as a retention seed. The invention selects the seeds which are positioned in the middle section area of the peucedanum praeruptorum and the thousand kernel weight of which is 1.7-1.9 g as the retention seeds, thereby leading the nutrition carried by the peucedanum praeruptorum seeds to be in an insufficient state, the growth vigor of the peucedanum praeruptorum seeds is slow after planting, when the peucedanum praeruptorum seeds grow to the bolting period, the external environment is not suitable for the environment of the peucedanum praeruptorum, and the nutrition absorbed by the peucedanum praeruptorum is only enough to grow per se and can not be used for bolting, thereby reducing the bolting quantity, and leading the A and B contained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of peucedanum seeds, and particularly relates to a peucedanum seed selection method.
Background
Radix Peucedani is a plant of Umbelliferae, has high essential value at root, has main functions of lowering qi, eliminating phlegm, dispelling pathogenic wind, clearing heat, etc., and is mainly used for treating phlegm-heat cough and asthma, wind-heat cough, etc. According to the record of the 'Chinese pharmacopoeia' of 2015 edition, the root of peucedanum praeruptorum is used as a medicinal material, the standard of the root of peucedanum praeruptorum is that the content of an A is more than 0.90% and the content of an B is more than 0.24% calculated according to a dry product, if the A does not reach the standard, the nutritive value of the peucedanum praeruptorum is greatly reduced, and even.
Whether the planted peucedanum praeruptorum can reach the standard or not depends on the bolting number of the peucedanum praeruptorum in the bolting period mostly, because bolting and flowering of the peucedanum praeruptorum can lead roots to lose nutrition, thus causing lignification and reducing the content of the A and the B, therefore, the A and the B contained in the peucedanum praeruptorum can not reach the standard and lose medicinal value.
The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of selecting a seed, selecting a seed with a small number of bolting patterns, and planting the seed, wherein the bolting patterns of the seed are reduced by using the seed, and the seed is subjected to seed selection.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a bletilla striata germchit method, aiming at solving the problem of how to select peucedanum seeds to reduce the bolting number after planting.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way, and provides a seed selection method of peucedanum praeruptorum, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a completely mature seed canopy located in the middle section area of the peucedanum praeruptorum;
drying the selected erigeron breviscapus;
rubbing the dried seed coats to enable the seeds to fall off;
screening out impurities in the grains;
drying the grains after the impurities are removed by the sun and sieving to ensure that the water content of the grains is 9 to 11 percent;
selecting the kernel with a thousand kernel weight of 1.7 to 1.9g as a retention seed when the moisture content of the kernel is 9 to 11 percent.
Preferably, the step of selecting the kernel with a thousand kernel weight of 1.7 to 1.9g as a retention seed after the kernel has a moisture content of 9% to 11% further comprises:
the grain size of the selected grains is 2.5-3.0 mm.
Preferably, the step of selecting the completely mature seed canopy located in the central region of the peucedanum root further comprises:
the selected erigeron breviscapus has a drug fragrance smell.
Preferably, the step of selecting the completely mature seed canopy located in the central region of the peucedanum root further comprises:
the selected canopy is positioned on the peucedanum praeruptorum with the illumination time length of 10 to 12 h/d.
Preferably, the step of selecting the completely mature seed canopy located in the central region of the peucedanum root further comprises:
the selected canopy is positioned on the peucedanum praeruptorum with the plant height of 0.8-1 m and the diameter of 1.3-1.5 cm.
Preferably, the step of selecting the kernel with a thousand kernel weight of 1.7 to 1.9g as a retention seed after the kernel has a moisture content of 9% to 11% further comprises:
the selected kernels are unbroken.
Preferably, the step of selecting the kernel with a thousand kernel weight of 1.7 to 1.9g as a retention seed after the kernel has a moisture content of 9% to 11% further comprises:
the selected seeds are seeds without disease spots.
Preferably, after the grains after being dried and sieved to remove impurities have a water content of 9% to 11%, the method further comprises the following steps before selecting the grains with a thousand seed weight of 1.7 to 1.9g as spare seeds:
and removing impurities in the grains with the water content of 9-11% by using a fan.
Preferably, the step of screening out impurities from the kernel comprises:
putting the seeds into a container, adding clear water for soaking, fully stirring, and standing to precipitate the seeds;
removing impurities floating in the container after the kernels settle.
The invention selects the seeds which are positioned in the middle section area of the peucedanum praeruptorum and the thousand kernel weight of which is 1.7-1.9 g as the retention seeds, thereby leading the nutrition carried by the peucedanum praeruptorum seeds to be in an insufficient state, the growth vigor of the peucedanum praeruptorum seeds is slow after planting, when the peucedanum praeruptorum seeds grow to the bolting period, the external environment is not suitable for the environment of the peucedanum praeruptorum, and the nutrition absorbed by the peucedanum praeruptorum is only enough to grow per se and can not be used for bolting, thereby reducing the bolting quantity, and leading the A and B contained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic step diagram of a seed selection method for peucedanum root according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic step diagram of another seed selection method for peucedanum root according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of specific steps in step S4 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example one
The embodiment provides a seed selection method of peucedanum praeruptorum, as shown in fig. 1, the seed selection method includes the steps:
and S10, selecting the completely mature seed canopy in the middle area of the peucedanum praeruptorum.
The selected time is from 11 months to 12 months, and the peucedanum praeruptorum in the time period is basically in a completely mature state, so that mature seed fleabane can be conveniently selected.
The method is characterized in that the seed canopy in the middle section area of the peucedanum praeruptorum is selected, so that the obtained peucedanum praeruptorum seeds are in a medium standard, the nutrition contained in the seeds is just enough for the seeds to slowly grow, the seeds can slowly grow after being planted, and the seeds cannot meet the environment and nutrition required by bolting when bolting is achieved.
If the erigeron Peucedanum in the top area of the Peucedanum praeruptorum is selected, the seeds are full and self-nutrition is sufficient, so that the erigeron Peucedanum can grow rapidly after planting. If the seeds in the bottom area of the peucedanum praeruptorum are selected, most of the seeds are in a vacant state and cannot meet the standard of germination, so that the seeds cannot grow after being planted.
And the selection of the completely mature erigeron breviscapus can ensure that the obtained seeds have nutrition and meet the requirements of germination, and meanwhile, the storage time can be longer.
And S20, drying the selected seed awnings in the sun.
Specifically, the cotton is dried in the sun for 2 to 3 days, or dried by a dryer, so that the water content is reduced to 20 to 40 percent, and the next rubbing is convenient. Of course, the water content may be reduced to 15%, 30%, 45%, or the like, and may be adjusted according to the actual situation.
S30, rubbing the dried seed puff to enable the seeds to fall off.
Specifically, the seeds in the seed covers are fallen off by lightly beating the seed covers with a stick or directly rubbing and kneading the seed covers with the seed covers, knocking the wood stick and the bottom surface and the like.
S40, screening out impurities in the grains.
Specifically, the broken impurities, soil, empty shells and the like contained in all the grains are screened out, and the screening out mode can be screen out through a screen, a fan is used for air purification and the like.
S50, drying the grains after the impurities are removed by the sieve to ensure that the water content of the grains is 9-11%.
Wherein, the drying mode is direct drying in the sun or drying by a dryer, the drying time is set according to the actual situation, and the water content in the seeds is mainly 9-11%.
The moisture content in the kernels can also be 7%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 13%, etc., with lower moisture content being better and longer shelf life.
S60, selecting the kernel with the thousand kernel weight of 1.7-1.9 g (g) as the retention seed after the moisture content of the kernel is 9-11%.
Wherein, the thousand kernel weight of the selected seeds can also be 1.60g, 1.65g, 1.80g, 1.95g and the like, but can not be higher than 2 g.
The aim of selecting the grains with the thousand grain weight of 1.7 to 1.9g after being dried in the sun as the retention seeds is mainly to select the grains with the plumpness of 70 percent to 90 percent, namely the positions of 70 percent to 90 percent of the full seed shells of the seeds. Therefore, the nutrition carried by the seeds is in an insufficient state, and the growth vigor of the seeds after planting can be slowed down.
The thousand kernel weight of a kernel is determined by its moisture content, since the moisture content of a kernel affects its own weight. For example: when the water content of the seeds is 9%, selecting the seeds with the thousand seed weight of 1.7g as the seeds; when the water content of the seeds is 10%, selecting the seeds with the thousand seed weight of 1.8g as the seeds; when the water content of the seeds is 11%, selecting the seeds with the thousand kernel weight of 1.9g as the seeds.
In the embodiment, the seeds which are positioned in the middle section area of the peucedanum praeruptorum and have the thousand kernel weight of 1.7-1.9 g are selected as the retention seeds, so that the nutrition carried by the peucedanum praeruptorum seeds is in an insufficient state, the peucedanum praeruptorum seeds grow slowly after being planted, when the peucedanum praeruptorum seeds grow to the bolting period, the external environment is not suitable for the bolting environment of the peucedanum praeruptorum, the nutrition absorbed by the peucedanum praeruptorum is only enough for the peucedanum praptorum to grow and cannot be used for bolting, the bolting, and the bolting quantity can be.
Example two
As another alternative embodiment of the present invention, in step S60, when the moisture content of the kernel is 9% to 11%, selecting the kernel with a thousand kernel weight of 1.7 to 1.9g as a retention seed, further comprising:
the grain size of the selected grains is 2.5-3.0 mm.
The grains with the grain diameter of less than 2.5 are the grains with serious nutrition deficiency, and the grains with the grain diameter of more than 3.0 are the grains with sufficient nutrition.
In the embodiment, seeds with the grain diameter of 2.5-3.0 mm are selected as seeds, namely, the seeds with insufficient nutrition are selected, the growth vigor of the peucedanum seeds is slow after planting, when the seeds grow to the bolting period, the external environment is not suitable for the bolting environment of the peucedanum, and the nutrition absorbed by the seeds is only enough to grow per se and cannot be used for bolting, so that the bolting quantity can be reduced, and the A and B contained in the roots of the peucedanum seeds reach the standard.
EXAMPLE III
As another alternative embodiment of the present invention, the step S10 of selecting a completely mature seed canopy located in the midsummer region of the peucedanum further includes:
the selected erigeron breviscapus has a drug fragrance smell.
Wherein the drug fragrance is fresh fragrance, namely the fragrance emitted by the element A and the element B in the grains.
In the embodiment, the peganum harmala with the medicine fragrance smell is selected, so that certain amount of the element A and the element B in the seeds can be determined, and the seeds are selected as the reserved seeds, so that the seeds can have a certain amount of the element A and the element B after being planted, and the element A and the element B in the planted peucedanum praeruptorum can reach the standard.
Example four
As another alternative embodiment of the present invention, the step S10 of selecting a completely mature seed canopy located in the midsummer region of the peucedanum further includes:
the selected canopy is positioned on the peucedanum praeruptorum with the illumination duration of 10 to 12h/d (hours/day).
Wherein the illumination duration is determined by the average illumination duration, namely the average illumination duration from planting to seed selection of the peucedanum praeruptorum.
Of course, the canopies positioned on the peucedanum praeruptorum with the illumination time duration of 9.5h/d, 11h/d and 12.5h/d can be selected, which is set according to different environments of different areas. If the illumination time length of some areas is shorter, the peganum on the peucedanum with the corresponding illumination time length is selected.
In the embodiment, by selecting the erigeron cephamus linn on the peucedanum praeruptorum linn with the illumination time length of 10-12 h/d, the nutrition content in the seeds can be higher, the problems that too many empty-shell seeds in the selected erigeron cephamus linn are not convenient to select the reserved seeds, and the germination rate of the reserved seeds after planting is higher than the illumination time length due to the long illumination time length are solved.
EXAMPLE five
As another alternative embodiment of the present invention, the step S10 of selecting a completely mature seed canopy located in the midsummer region of the peucedanum further includes:
the selected canopy is positioned on the peucedanum praeruptorum with the height of 0.8 to 1m (meter) and the diameter of 1.3 to 1.5cm (centimeter).
Of course, the plant height of the peucedanum praeruptorum can be 0.7m or 0.9m, 1.1m, the diameter of the peucedanum praeruptorum is 1.2cm or 1.4cm, 1.6 cm.
In the embodiment, by selecting the peucedanum praeruptorum with the plant height of 0.8-1 m and the diameter of 1.3-1.5 cm, the nutrition content in the seeds can be higher, the problems that too many empty seeds in the selected peucedanum praeruptorum are generated, the selection of the retention seeds is inconvenient, and the germination rate of the retention seeds on the planted peucedanum praeruptorum which is inferior to that of a single plant is higher because the selected peucedanum praeruptorum is a single plant with excellent growth vigor are solved.
EXAMPLE six
As another alternative embodiment of the present invention, in step S60, when the moisture content of the kernel is 9% to 11%, selecting the kernel with a thousand kernel weight of 1.7 to 1.9g as a retention seed, further comprising:
the selected kernels are unbroken.
Wherein, the unbroken kernel is equivalent to the kernel not broken, the shell not broken, and so on.
In the embodiment, the undamaged seeds are selected as the reserved seeds, so that the germination rate of the seeds can be improved after the seeds are planted, and the situation that the broken seeds cannot germinate after the seeds are planted is avoided.
EXAMPLE seven
As another alternative embodiment of the present invention, in step S60, when the moisture content of the kernel is 9% to 11%, selecting the kernel with a thousand kernel weight of 1.7 to 1.9g as a retention seed, further comprising:
the selected seeds are seeds without disease spots.
This embodiment can make this seed improve its germination percentage after planting as the retention seed through selecting the granule that does not possess the scab, avoids the unable condition of sprouting after planting of the seed of taking the scab.
Example eight
As another alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, after the step S50 of drying the grains after removing impurities to make the moisture content of the grains to be 9% to 11%, the step S60 of selecting the grains with a thousand kernel weight of 1.7 to 1.9g further includes the following steps:
and S51, removing impurities in the grains with the water content of 9-11% by using a fan.
Of course, the impurities can be removed by the fan when the moisture content of the grains is 20%, 30% or 40%.
This embodiment dries the seed grain to moisture content 9% to 11% after, and impurity removal is once carried out to rethread fan, can further improve the cleanliness in the seed of reserving, avoids the impurity in the seed of reserving too much.
Example nine
As another alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the step S40 of screening out impurities from the kernel includes:
s401, placing the seeds into a container, adding clear water to soak the seeds, fully stirring the mixture, and standing the mixture to enable the seeds to be precipitated.
The container can be a wooden barrel, a glass ware, a basin and the like, and the capacity of the container needs to be larger than the grain quantity so as to put grains into the container, and water is added for stirring.
The added clear water is needed to submerge the seeds so as to be convenient for the impurities to float out and also be convenient for removing the floating impurities.
The stirring force cannot be too large, if the stirring force is too large, grains are easy to break, and the stirring in the same direction is preferred.
The standing time is set according to the actual situation, and the grain is completely precipitated.
S402, removing the floating impurities in the container after the grains are settled.
The impurity removing mode can be manually removed or removed by means of a screen.
The method is called a water leaching method for short, light garbage is removed mainly through buoyancy of water, then other heavy garbage such as small stones and small mud blocks need to be removed through other modes, and the heavy garbage can be removed through screen sieving, manual removal and the like.
Impurity is got rid of through chooseing the water logging method for use to this embodiment, can make the mode of screening impurity simple, the operation of being convenient for, and with low costs.
In order to better embody the beneficial effects brought by the present invention, the following experiments and data after planting the retention seeds are described:
purpose of the experiment: in order to obtain the germination rate of the peucedanum praeruptorum seeds, the standard-reaching rate of the content of the A and the standard-reaching rate of the content of the B of the peucedanum praeruptorum roots.
The experimental scheme is as follows: the number of experimental groups in the experimental scheme is seven, and the experimental groups are as follows:
the first set of experiments: the study area is one mu; the planted seeds are reserved seeds (conventional seeds) with the water content of 10% and the thousand seed weight of more than 2g in the top end area selected when the peucedanum praeruptorum is mature; calculating the germination rate in the research area; randomly drawing the thousand peucedanum praeruptorum in the research field as bolting research objects; calculating the average bolting number of the thousand radix peucedani; calculating the standard reaching rate of the A and B in the root of the thousand-plant decursinia decursivus according to the dry product.
The second set of experiments: the study area is one mu; the planted seeds were the retention seeds of example one (water content 10%, thousand kernel weight 1.8 g); calculating the germination rate in the research area; randomly drawing the thousand peucedanum praeruptorum in the research field as bolting research objects; calculating the average bolting number of the thousand radix peucedani; calculating the standard reaching rate of the A and B in the root of the thousand-plant decursinia decursivus according to the dry product.
The third set of experiments: the study area is one mu; the planted seeds were the retention seeds of example two (water content 10%, thousand kernel weight 1.8 g); calculating the germination rate in the research area; randomly drawing the thousand peucedanum praeruptorum in the research field as bolting research objects; calculating the average bolting number of the thousand radix peucedani; calculating the standard reaching rate of the A and B in the root of the thousand-plant decursinia decursivus according to the dry product.
Fourth set of experiments: the study area is one mu; the planted seeds were the retention seeds of example three (water content 10%, thousand kernel weight 1.8 g); calculating the germination rate in the research area; randomly drawing the thousand peucedanum praeruptorum in the research field as bolting research objects; calculating the average bolting number of the thousand radix peucedani; calculating the standard reaching rate of the A and B in the root of the thousand-plant decursinia decursivus according to the dry product.
Fifth set of experiments: the study area is one mu; the planted seeds were the retention seeds of example four (water content 10%, thousand kernel weight 1.8 g); calculating the germination rate in the research area; randomly drawing the thousand peucedanum praeruptorum in the research field as bolting research objects; calculating the average bolting number of the thousand radix peucedani; calculating the standard reaching rate of the A and B in the root of the thousand-plant decursinia decursivus according to the dry product.
The sixth set of experiments: the study area is one mu; the planted seeds were the retention seeds of example five (moisture content 10%, thousand kernel weight 1.8 g); calculating the germination rate in the research area; randomly drawing the thousand peucedanum praeruptorum in the research field as bolting research objects; calculating the average bolting number of the thousand radix peucedani; calculating the standard reaching rate of the A and B in the root of the thousand-plant decursinia decursivus according to the dry product.
The seventh set of experiments: the study area is one mu; the planted seeds were the retention seeds of example six (water content 10%, thousand kernel weight 1.8 g); calculating the germination rate in the research area; randomly drawing the thousand peucedanum praeruptorum in the research field as bolting research objects; calculating the average bolting number of the thousand radix peucedani; calculating the standard reaching rate of the A and B in the root of the thousand-plant decursinia decursivus according to the dry product.
The planting time, planting conditions (water and fertilizer content in the planting field, illumination time and the like) and management modes (fertilization time, fertilization amount, weeding time and the like) after planting in the seven groups of experiments are the same or similar, and topping and lopping are not performed.
The experimental results are as follows: specific data in the seven experiments are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the specific data in table 1, although the germination rate of the seeds in the embodiments of the present invention is reduced compared with that of the conventional seeds, the standard reaching rate of the a and the b in the roots of the thousand-plant decursinia after planting and harvesting is obviously improved compared with the standard reaching rate of the a and the b in the roots of the thousand-plant decursinia after planting and harvesting.
The main determining factor for determining whether the root of the peucedanum praeruptorum reaches the medicinal standard is the content of the A and the B in the root of the peucedanum praeruptorum, so that although the germination rate of the seeds in the scheme of each embodiment of the invention is reduced compared with that of the conventional seeds, the standard reaching rate of the A and the B in the root of the thousand peucedanum praeruptorum is obviously improved, and the method has practical significance for reducing the germination rate.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A seed selection method of radix peucedani is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a completely mature seed canopy located in the middle section area of the peucedanum praeruptorum;
drying the selected erigeron breviscapus;
rubbing the dried seed coats to enable the seeds to fall off;
screening out impurities in the grains;
drying the grains after the impurities are removed by the sun and sieving to ensure that the water content of the grains is 9 to 11 percent;
selecting the kernel with a thousand kernel weight of 1.7 to 1.9g as a retention seed when the moisture content of the kernel is 9 to 11 percent.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of selecting said kernels having a thousand kernel weight of 1.7 to 1.9g as retention seeds after said kernels have a moisture content of 9% to 11% further comprises:
the grain size of the selected grains is 2.5-3.0 mm.
3. The method for selecting seeds of peucedanum praeruptorum dunn of claim 1, wherein the step of selecting the fully matured seed canopy located in the center region of peucedanum praeruptorum dunn further comprises:
the selected erigeron breviscapus has a drug fragrance smell.
4. The method for selecting seeds of peucedanum praeruptorum as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step of selecting the fully matured seed canopy located in the midrib area of peucedanum praeruptorum further comprises:
the selected canopy is positioned on the peucedanum praeruptorum with the illumination time length of 10 to 12 h/d.
5. The method for selecting seeds of peucedanum praeruptorum as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step of selecting the fully matured seed canopy located in the midrib area of peucedanum praeruptorum further comprises:
the selected canopy is positioned on the peucedanum praeruptorum with the plant height of 0.8-1 m and the diameter of 1.3-1.5 cm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of selecting said kernels having a thousand kernel weight of 1.7 to 1.9g as retention seeds after said kernels have a moisture content of 9% to 11% further comprises:
the selected kernels are unbroken.
7. The method of selecting a seed of peucedanum praeruptorum of claim 1 or 6, wherein said step of selecting said seed having a thousand kernel weight of 1.7 to 1.9g as a retention seed after said seed has a moisture content of 9% to 11% further comprises:
the selected seeds are seeds without disease spots.
8. The method for selecting seeds of peucedanum praeruptorum dunn of claim 1, wherein after the kernel is dried and the moisture content of the kernel is 9-11%, the method further comprises the following steps before the kernel with the thousand seed weight of 1.7-1.9 g is selected as the spare seed:
and removing impurities in the grains with the water content of 9-11% by using a fan.
9. The method of selecting seeds of peucedanum praeruptorum dunn of claim 1, wherein the step of screening out impurities in the kernels comprises:
putting the seeds into a container, adding clear water for soaking, fully stirring, and standing to precipitate the seeds;
removing impurities floating in the container after the kernels settle.
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