CN1110394C - 用于钻孔的嵌装刀片 - Google Patents

用于钻孔的嵌装刀片 Download PDF

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CN1110394C
CN1110394C CN99812035A CN99812035A CN1110394C CN 1110394 C CN1110394 C CN 1110394C CN 99812035 A CN99812035 A CN 99812035A CN 99812035 A CN99812035 A CN 99812035A CN 1110394 C CN1110394 C CN 1110394C
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blade
setting
drill bit
radius
cutting
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CN1323250A (zh
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约根·威曼
奥克·舍兰德
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Sandvik AB
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/04Drills for trepanning
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/141Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00Tools for drilling machines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10S408/713Tool having detachable cutting edge
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/86Tool-support with means to permit positioning of the Tool relative to support
    • Y10T408/865Pivotable Tool
    • Y10T408/868Pivotable Tool with multiple cutting positions
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/89Tool or Tool with support
    • Y10T408/905Having stepped cutting edges
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/89Tool or Tool with support
    • Y10T408/905Having stepped cutting edges
    • Y10T408/906Axially spaced
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/89Tool or Tool with support
    • Y10T408/909Having peripherally spaced cutting edges

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于金属旋转切削的钻头嵌装刀片,所述钻头嵌装刀片的基本形状是多边形,并具有正的切削几何形状,侧面的端部是曲线形凸缘部分(26,27,28,29)。根据发明,用于切削加工的每个侧面具有呈角度分断的轮廓,每个切削拐角具有由几个圆弧段构成的曲线形凸缘,在与上平面(23)相交处,作为侧边部分,所述圆弧段具有几个不同尺寸的半径(R1,R2,R3)。这确保增加了进给,同时改善了被钻孔的孔壁的表面光洁度。

Description

用于钻孔的嵌装刀片
本发明涉及一种用于金属钻孔的嵌装刀片。嵌装刀片被紧固在钻体上,所述钻体上可以装配几个相同形状的嵌装刀片。钻体通常具有容屑槽和一个接近钻头中心的第一内镶嵌部位和一个接近周边的第二外镶嵌部位。这种类型的钻头具有一个被直径所确定的圆柱形的基本形状,所述圆柱体可围绕第一中心线转动。
欧洲专利EP-A-181 844介绍了这种类型的钻头。嵌装刀片基本上是矩形形状,短的端面由两个以钝角相交的切削刃构成,径向上的外嵌装刀片被如此表示,即它确定了被钻孔的直径,径向上的内嵌装刀片的纵向轴线平行于钻头的中心轴线,并与中心轴线重合。
当提供上述类型的钻头对一个金属工件进行钻孔时,经常难以在获得所期望的小直径的同时,获得所期望的表面光洁度。因此,本发明的主要目的是提供一种新类型的用于钻孔的嵌装刀片,在对金属进行钻孔时,它能够获得改善的表面光洁度。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种新类型的用于钻孔的嵌装刀片,所述嵌装刀片具有优化的几何形状,因此,在钻孔期间,能够增加走刀量,同时没有损坏被钻孔的孔壁的表面光洁度。通过本发明所确定的特征的嵌装刀片,可以实现这些目的和别的目的。
下文将结合附图详细地描述本发明所推荐的实施例。
图1是一个侧视图,显示了将要装配本发明的嵌装刀片的钻柄的切削部分;
图2是一个透视图,显示装配了本发明的嵌装刀片的钻头的前部分;
图3是一个侧视图,显示了图2中的具有嵌装刀片的钻头;
图4是一个沿图3中IV-IV线所做的横截面视图;
图5是一个放大的视图,显示了本发明的钻头嵌装刀片的凸缘;
图6是一个放大的视图,显示了本发明的另一种钻头嵌装刀片的凸缘;
图7显示了符合本发明另一个示例的具有钻头嵌装刀片的钻柄;
图8是一个放大的平面视图,显示了符合图5的钻头嵌装刀片。
图1~3显示的钻头具有一个圆柱形钻杆10,钻杆10的前部具有两个径向间隔的镶嵌位置11和12,所述镶嵌位置11和12位于钻头的中心线CL的两侧。
在中心线CL的每一侧,钻杆10上具有用于废屑的流动的直线的或螺旋形通道13、14,所述通道邻近镶嵌位置11和12。钻杆10也具有用于向钻头前切削端输送冷却液的通道15。
镶嵌位置11和12用于接收两个嵌装刀片16和17,上述嵌装刀片的中心上有孔,通过该孔,使用中央螺栓18将嵌装刀片紧固,所述螺栓18可以拧入钻杆10。嵌装刀片17是一个中央嵌装刀片,另一个是一个周边嵌装刀片16,所述嵌装刀片16相对于中心线CL偏斜地被安置,因而确定了被钻孔的尺寸。在所述外、内嵌装刀片之间,存在一个腰部部分M,所述部分M具有这样的宽度,即能够获得足够的强度。钻头的尺寸被直径D所确定。每个镶嵌位置包括一个切向的支撑表面19、一个轴向的支撑表面20和一个径向的支撑表面21。
每个嵌装刀片具有多边形的基本形状,当嵌装刀片具有长菱形的基本形状时,它具有两个相对的平行平面22和23,所述平面22和23与侧面邻接,所述侧面对应于矩形的短边和长边。嵌装刀片的下表面22小于上表面23,因此,嵌装刀片显得具有正的间隙角。上表面和短的端面之间的相交线表示主切削刃24、25,每个主切削刃在中部以一个钝角被呈角度地分断,用δ代表所述钝角。所述每个切削刃在端部光滑过渡,以提供一个凸缘部分26、27,在所述凸缘部分26、27之间,所述嵌装刀片具有最大的宽度W1。另一种方案是,嵌装刀片可以具有所谓的三角形形状,也就是,一个具有呈角度分断的侧面的三角形嵌装刀片。
从图3中可以看到,由于倾斜的长菱形形状,外嵌装刀片16和内嵌装刀片17都相对于中心轴线倾斜,在轴向上,中心嵌装刀片比外嵌装刀片靠前,因而,改善了轴向力的控制,可以保持所期望的直径。外嵌装刀片16的倾角是α,内嵌装刀片17的倾角是β,因此,α<β。另一种方案是,与瑞典专利455 676所介绍的实施例相符,嵌装刀片可以具有矩形的基本形状,这意味着嵌装刀片可以由两个规则的三角形构成,所述三角形可以有分断的侧面,因而,三角形的两个角和一个侧边与嵌装刀片的切削刃重合,每个三角形的第三个角彼此重叠,并具有一个距离,所述距离对应于嵌装刀片的纵侧面的直线部分,所述距离是嵌装刀片的总长L的0.4~0.8倍。在此情况下,嵌装刀片获得一个细长的多边形形状,因此,上、下表面与两个短侧面和两个长侧面相交,从而,上表面与短侧面之间的交线部分构成切削刃。在此情况下,短侧面也在切削刃的中部被分断,所以,在所述断开点,每个切削刃显示一个钝角δ。
与本发明相符,在从嵌装刀片的其它部分延伸的拐角部分,侧面的端部是光滑过渡的凸缘26、27。每个这种拐角的凸缘曲面被多个圆弧部分所确定,所述圆弧部分与上嵌装刀片的表面相交,以提供如图5所示的具有不同半径R1、R2和R3的边缘部分。相邻的部分总是显得具有不同的半径部分。半径R2大于R1,这有助于沿第二侧边30表面光洁度的改善“擦拭”效果。这适用于轴向向前钻销进入工件的加工中和钻头在相反方向上轴向移动期间。半径R3略小于R1和R2。当在如图3所示的倾斜的菱形嵌装刀片上使用本发明的思想时,对角方向上相对的凸缘部分26,29的曲线形边R1、R2和R3的尺寸大于另一对对角方向上相对的凸缘部分27,28的曲线形边的尺寸,沿上平面23,所述凸缘26,29提供曲线形边,并位于径向靠外位置。
图6和图7显示了本发明另一个示例的一种嵌装刀片和一种装配有这种嵌装刀片的钻头。可以清楚地看到,嵌装刀片具有正方形形状,在远离切削拐角的方向上,凸缘曲线形表面延伸进入直线形侧面31,所述侧面31向内趋向于嵌装刀片倾斜,在嵌装刀片的中部,侧面31与一个侧面32形成一个钝角γ,所述侧面32从一个相对的拐角直线地延伸,从而,沿四个侧面的每一个侧面,在嵌装刀片上具有一个特异的腰部。嵌装刀片的最大宽度是W1,最小宽度是W2。在每个拐角部分,在其它别的方面上,凸缘曲线形表面的外型与图5所示的完全相同,包括多个部分,此时是三个圆弧段,提供具有不同半径R1、R2和R3的侧边部分。
图6是本发明另一个示例的放大的视图,在此,凸缘曲线形表面包括四个不同的圆弧段,它们提供四个不同半径R1、R2、R3、和R4的侧边部分。
与第二侧边30的R2相比,最靠近主切削刃24的第一曲线形侧边26应该具有略小的半径R1。此外,在凸缘曲线形侧边26和第二侧边30之间,提供一个半径为R4的曲线形侧边,R4小于R1
为了获得优化的废屑控制,应该采用下列的不同的曲线形侧边。
R1:0.2~1.6mm
R2:1.6~10.0mm
R3:0.1~1.0mm
R4:0~1.0mm
R1和R2的大小取决于所钻孔的直径。当要钻的孔的直径为13~18mm时,R1应该是0.2~0.4mm,R2应该选1.6~4.0mm,当要钻的孔的直径为18~58mm时,R1应该选0.4~1.6mm,R2应该选2.5~10mm。
第二侧边30的长度应该为0.1~0.5mm。

Claims (7)

1.一种多边形钻头嵌装刀片,具有上、下平面(22,23)和与所述平面(22,23)邻接的侧面,所述下平面(22)比所述上平面(23)小,因此,嵌装刀片获得一个正的切削几何形状,侧面的端部具有曲线形的凸缘部分(26,27,28,29),其特征在于:
1)每个用于切削加工的侧面具有呈角度分断的轮廓,包括部分表面,所述表面以钝角相交,
2)在每个切削拐角内的凸缘部分具有一个由多个圆弧段所确定的凸缘曲面,所述圆弧段与上平面相交以提供具有不同半径(R1,R2,R3)尺寸的侧边部分。
2.一种根据权利要求1所述的钻头嵌装刀片,其特征在于:所述嵌装刀片具有矩形的基本形状,短的表面由两个以钝角相交的切削刃构成。
3.一种根据权利要求1所述的钻头嵌装刀片,其特征在于:所述嵌装刀片的基本形状是倾斜的长菱形,对角地相对的凸缘部分(26,29)的半径比另一对对角地相对的凸缘部分(27,28)的半径大,凸缘部分(26,29)在径向上靠外。
4.一种根据权利要求1所述的钻头嵌装刀片,其特征在于:所述嵌装刀片的基本形状是正方形,侧面(30,31)由两个向内向下延伸的直线形侧面确定,所述直线型侧面以钝角(γ)相交,因而,提供了独特的腰部部分,因而,两个相对的腰部之间的宽度(W2)小于各自的切削刃的两端之间的距离(W1)。
5.一种根据权利要求1~4所述的钻头嵌装刀片,其特征在于:在切削拐角处,曲线形的凸缘(26)包括一个邻近主切削刃(24)的半径(R1),半径(R1)小于第二侧边(30)的半径(R2)
6.一种根据权利要求1~5所述的钻头嵌装刀片,其特征在于:在曲线形的凸缘(26)和第二侧边(30)之间提供一个比半径(R1)小的半径(R4)。
7.一种根据权利要求1所述的钻头嵌装刀片,其特征在于:嵌装刀片的基本形状是三角形,所述三角形具有呈角度分断的侧面。
CN99812035A 1998-10-13 1999-10-05 用于钻孔的嵌装刀片 Expired - Fee Related CN1110394C (zh)

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SE9803477A SE519133C2 (sv) 1998-10-13 1998-10-13 Borrskär för metallborrning
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EP (1) EP1121216B1 (zh)
JP (2) JP2002527247A (zh)
KR (1) KR100676951B1 (zh)
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DE (1) DE69916300T2 (zh)
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SE9803477L (sv) 2000-04-14
KR100676951B1 (ko) 2007-01-31
SE519133C2 (sv) 2003-01-21
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KR20010085913A (ko) 2001-09-07
DE69916300T2 (de) 2004-08-05
US20010033779A1 (en) 2001-10-25
EP1121216A1 (en) 2001-08-08
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DE69916300D1 (de) 2004-05-13
WO2000021704A1 (en) 2000-04-20
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US6527486B2 (en) 2003-03-04
EP1121216B1 (en) 2004-04-07

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