CN111011136A

CN111011136A - Artificial planting method for gentiana pseudolarix

Info

Publication number: CN111011136A
Application number: CN201911108375.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王夸平; 徐世涛; 刘志华; 刘春波; 韩智强; 张强; 常健; 杨培香; 王乃定; 徐重军; 孔宁川; 吴恒; 陈婉; 李宏坤; 杜超; 蒋卓芳
Original assignee: Yunnan China Tobacco New Material Technology Co ltd; China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co Ltd
Current assignee: Yunnan China Tobacco New Material Technology Co ltd; China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-13
Filing date: 2019-11-13
Publication date: 2020-04-17
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-13
Also published as: CN111011136B

Abstract

The invention relates to an artificial planting method of gentiana macrophylla pall, belonging to the technical field of artificial planting of wild plants. The method comprises the steps of planting area selection, seed source requirement, land preparation and ridging, seedling cultivation, planting, management, pest control, harvesting and processing and the like. The method is not only beneficial to realizing the intensive and large-scale planting of the gentiana straminea maxim, and ensuring the quality of the raw materials of the gentiana straminea maxim and the quality of deep-processed products, but also can bring better economic benefit for growers. In addition, the method is favorable for constructing a comprehensive utilization and development mode of wild plant resources.

Description

Artificial planting method for gentiana pseudolarix

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial planting of wild plants, and particularly relates to an artificial planting method of a sweetener wild plant gentiana pseudomacrophylla.

Background

Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae is perennial herb of Phlomis genus of Labiatae family, and is also named as Rough bow (western language of Yunnan Lijiang), radix Glycyrrhizae (Yunnan deqin), radix scrophulariae (Yunnan Lijiang), and radix scrophulariae (Sichuan salt source). The stem is 30-80cm high, and has branches and quadrangular shape. The blade is triangular or oval-shaped, and the edge of the blade is in coarse dentiform. The cymbidium floridum has multiple flowers, 4-5 rounds, and the corolla is purple red. The small nuts are in an egg-shaped triangle. The flowering period is 6-8 months, and the fruit period is 9-10 months. Radix Gentianae Marcrophyllae produces northwest Yunnan, southwest Sichuan and eastern Tibet; mainly distributed between the altitudes of 2000 and 4300 m. The roots of the gentiana straminea maxim are thick and connected in series in a spindle-shaped root tuber or pimple shape, the roots contain 0.11 percent of the white figwort glycoside, the diterpene glycoside compound has the sweetness which is 500 times that of the cane sugar, and the sweet taste can be kept for about 1 hour, so the gentiana straminea maxim is an important natural sweetener plant resource; the gentiana macrophylla extract as a spice also shows unique advantages and application effects in the aspects of sweetening and moisturizing effects. The Yunnan Tibetan nationality is a common traditional Tibetan medicine, is used as a medicine by root tubers, is used for treating sore throat, stomachache, diarrhea, cold and the like, has the effects of clearing and benefiting throat, relieving cough and eliminating phlegm, invigorating stomach and spleen and the like, has higher development and utilization values in food, spice and medical industries, and has related reports on research and development.

The wild gentiana macrophylla resource is very limited in storage amount, and the problems of resource exhaustion, environmental degradation, ecological balance imbalance and the like can be caused by depending on the excavation of wild resources. At present, the gentiana macrophylla is still in a wild state, and no report is made on artificial introduction.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an artificial planting method of gentiana straminea maxim aiming at the blank of the gentiana straminea maxim in the aspect of artificial planting technology, and the intensive and large-scale planting of the gentiana straminea maxim is promoted.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

an artificial planting method of gentiana pseudolarix comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting a planting area: selecting a dry and warm climate area with the altitude of 1800 and 3000 m;

(2) the seed source requires: harvesting seeds for 9-10 months, air-drying, removing unsaturated seeds, and storing for later use; collecting and digging rhizome for 2-3 months, storing in shade, and cutting into 5-10cm long root before cutting;

(3) land preparation and bed making: turning and sunning the soil 15-30 days before planting, wherein the depth is 15-30cm, finely raking and leveling, making ridges, and spreading decomposed farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer with the total nutrient content of more than or equal to 5% 500 kg/mu on the surfaces of the ridges;

(4) seedling cultivation: cultivating seeds by using a floating disc or a nutrition pot, cultivating cutting roots by using the nutrition pot, and selecting robust disease-free seedlings for planting when the seedlings are cultivated to 60-90 d in seedling age, 6-8cm in height and 4-6 leaves;

(5) planting: planting the seeds on the prepared furrow surface by adopting seed hole sowing, cutting root cutting or seedling cultivation for 3-4 months every year, wherein the seed consumption is 1-3 seeds/hole, and the seedling consumption of the cutting root or the seedling cultivation is 1-2 seeds/pond; watering thoroughly after planting, and laminating;

(6) management: when the seeds are sowed in holes or the cuttage roots are planted in a cuttage mode, when the leaves grow and contact with the thin film, the film is broken manually, the leaves are taken out of the thin film, soil is pressed around the roots, high-temperature seedling burning is prevented, and evaporation of soil moisture in the thin film is reduced; in the withering stage and the germination stage, decomposed farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer with total nutrient content more than or equal to 5% is used for 2-3 times, and each time is 500 kg/mu, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil is improved, and the root growth of the gentiana straminea maxim is promoted;

(7) and (3) pest control: adopting yellow plates to trap and kill aphids; propamocarb is used for preventing and treating powdery mildew and root rot at the early stage of disease attack;

(8) harvesting and processing: harvesting 1.5-2 years after planting, digging up with roots, cleaning soil, cutting into sections, drying in the sun, and storing in a cool and ventilated place for later use.

Further, in the step (1), the dry and warm climate area is an area where the environment tends to be drought and the climate is dry and hot, the water evaporation capacity is greater than the precipitation capacity, the annual average temperature is 14-22 ℃, and the rainfall capacity is 300-500 mm.

Further, it is preferable that, in the step (2), the seeds and the cutting roots are collected from a gentiana straminea maxim original place; the radix Gentianae Marcrophyllae native region comprises Yunnan Deckino county, Sichuan Bantang county, and Xizang Mankang county.

Further, in the step (2), preferably, the cutting root is a connecting part of the overground stem and the mature region of the root, the cut of the root is in an oblique mouth shape, and the overground stem part is 2-5cm long.

Further, preferably, in the step (4), the seeds are soaked for 6-24h at 30-60 ℃ before seedling raising, and the floating seedling raising substrate is prepared according to the following steps of grass carbon: preparing perlite =3-5:1 by mass ratio;

when seeds or cutting roots are adopted to cultivate seedlings, the nutrient soil of the nutrient pot is planted with sandy loam according to the local conditions: preparing decomposed farmyard manure =4-8:1 by mass ratio, wherein 1-3 seeds are planted in each hole or each pot, and 1-2 roots are planted in each pot; the sowing depth of the seeds is 1-5mm, and all cutting roots are inserted in the nutrient soil;

adopting a greenhouse or a sunshade shed for seedling culture, keeping the humidity in the greenhouse at 60-90%, the daytime temperature at 15-30 ℃ and the nighttime temperature at 10-20 ℃.

Further, preferably, the small sunshade shed uses hollow bricks or welded steel frames as a seedbed, uses reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 5-8mm or bamboo chips with the thickness of 4-7mm as an arch frame, the distance between the arch frames is 120cm, the arch height is 150cm and the arch frame is arranged at the same height; the brackets are connected by ropes to be firm; the temperature and the humidity are adjusted by adopting a non-drop long-life film and a sunshade net, the shading rate of the sunshade net is not lower than 80 percent, and the safety of seedlings exposed in the sun in the burning sun is ensured; the greenhouse film is bundled together at two ends of the overlength part between the seedbeds to form a horsetail shape, and is fixed at the position 0.5-1.0m away from the two ends of the seedbed by short wood piles, so that the two sides of the seedbed can be lifted conveniently for ventilation.

Further, preferably, in the step (5), the plant spacing is 20-50cm, and the row spacing is 20-50 cm; the depth of the seed hole is 0.5-1.5cm, and the diameter and depth of the planting pond for cutting propagation of the cutting root or transplanting of the seedling are both 10-15 cm.

Further, in the step (6), preferably, after the seeds germinate or the roots are cut to grow, the time for the leaves to contact the film is 2-5 days, and the size of the hole diameter of the broken film is 1-3 cm.

When the cuttage root is prepared, the roots which are obviously rotten when cut are not used for removing. Preferably, the cuttage roots may be soaked with a clean water source before cuttage.

In pest control, imidacloprid and other sprays can be used to control serious aphids. The powdery mildew is prevented and treated by spraying propamocarb aqua and the like at the early stage of disease attack; the selection and use of imidacloprid, propamocarb medicament and other medicaments meet the requirements of related national regulations.

The dry and warm climate areas comprise low mountain and valley areas with the elevation ranges of 2000-2800m at the upstream of the Yanchuan-Tibet mountain Jinshajiang, lancang-river and Nuanjiang river basin.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the artificial provenance is collected from the primordial environment of the gentiana straminea maxim, a bionic area is selected in the planting area, the quality of the artificial planting raw materials is consistent with that of the wild, and the application value and the development prospect are higher;

2. the artificial planting can realize the consistency of field management, growth period and the like, the planting survival rate is high, the accumulation of chemical substances is stable, and the requirements of the development of the Xianggexuedai on the quantity and the quality can be guaranteed;

3. the artificial planting can effectively reduce the use cost of raw materials and increase the planting income of farmers in the Tibetan region. At present, the wild sanguinoside dry root is nearly 300 yuan/kg, which is far higher than the price of most traditional Chinese medicinal materials in the market. The dry root yield of the artificial planting 2 years is calculated according to 200 kg/mu and 50 yuan/kg, the raw material cost can be reduced by more than 80 percent, and the income per mu is more than 5000 yuan per year;

4. the method is beneficial to realizing the dual co-operation of the protection and the continuous development and utilization of the wild species, and can provide a mode reference for the development and utilization of other wild plant resources.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The materials or equipment used are not indicated by manufacturers, and all are conventional products available by purchase.

Example 1

(2) the seed source requires: harvesting seeds for 9 months, removing the unsaturated seeds after air drying, and storing for later use; collecting and digging rhizome for 2 months, storing in shade, and cutting into 5-10cm long root before cutting;

(3) land preparation and bed making: turning over and drying the soil 20 days before planting, wherein the depth is 15-30cm, finely raking and leveling, making ridges, and spreading a commercial organic fertilizer with the total nutrient content of more than or equal to 5% on the surfaces of the ridges, wherein the commercial organic fertilizer is 800 kg/mu;

(5) planting: planting the seeds in holes, cutting the roots by cuttage or cultivating the seedlings on the prepared ridge surface in 3 months each year, wherein the using amount of the seeds is 1-3 seeds/hole, and the using amount of the seedlings for cutting the roots by cuttage or cultivating the seeds is 1-2 seedlings/pond; watering thoroughly after planting, and laminating;

(6) management: when the seeds are sowed in holes or the cuttage roots are planted in a cuttage mode, when the leaves grow and contact with the thin film, the film is broken manually, the leaves are taken out of the thin film, soil is pressed around the roots, high-temperature seedling burning is prevented, and evaporation of soil moisture in the thin film is reduced; the rotten farmyard manure is used for 2 times in the withering period and the sprouting period respectively, each time is 800 kg/mu, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil is improved, and the root growth of the gentiana straminea maxim is promoted;

(8) harvesting and processing: harvesting 1.5 years after planting, digging up with roots, cleaning soil, cutting into sections, drying in the sun, and storing in a cool and ventilated place for later use.

Example 2

(1) selecting a planting area: selecting a dry and warm climate area with the altitude of 1800 and 3000 m; the dry and warm climate area is an area where the environment tends to be drought and the climate is dry and hot, the evaporation capacity of water is greater than the precipitation capacity, the annual average temperature is 14-22 ℃, and the rainfall capacity is 300-;

(2) the seed source requires: harvesting seeds for 9 months, removing the unsaturated seeds after air drying, and storing for later use; collecting and digging rhizome for 2 months, storing in shade, and cutting into 5-10cm long root before cutting; collecting seeds and cutting roots from the original place of the gentiana macrophylla pall; the radix Gentianae Marcrophyllae native region comprises Yunnan Deckino county, Sichuan Bartang county, and Tibet Mangkang county; the cuttage root is the connection part of the overground stem and the mature root region, the cut of the root is in an oblique mouth shape, and the overground stem part is 2-5cm long;

(3) land preparation and bed making: tedding soil 15 days before planting, leveling, making beds, and spreading decomposed farmyard manure 500 kg/mu on the bed surface;

(4) seedling cultivation: cultivating seeds by using a floating disc or a nutrition pot, cultivating cutting roots by using the nutrition pot, and selecting robust disease-free seedlings for planting when the seedlings are cultivated to 60-90 d in seedling age, 6-8cm in height and 4-6 leaves; soaking the seeds for 24 hours at 30 ℃ before seedling culture, and floating seedling culture matrix is prepared according to the following steps of grass carbon: preparing perlite =3:1 by mass ratio;

when seeds or cutting roots are adopted to cultivate seedlings, the nutrient soil of the nutrient pot is planted with sandy loam according to the local conditions: preparing decomposed farmyard manure =4:1 by mass; 1-3 seeds per hole or pot, 1-2 roots per pot; the sowing depth of the seeds is 1-5mm, and all cutting roots are inserted in the nutrient soil;

(5) Planting: planting the seeds in holes, cutting the roots by cuttage or cultivating the seedlings on the prepared ridge surface in 3 months each year, wherein the using amount of the seeds is 1-3 seeds/hole, and the using amount of the seedlings for cutting the roots by cuttage or cultivating the seeds is 1-2 seedlings/pond; watering thoroughly after planting, and laminating; the planting distance is 20cm, and the row spacing is 20 cm; the depth of the seed hole is 0.5-1cm, and the diameter and depth of a planting pond for cutting propagation of a cutting root or transplanting of a seedling are both 10-15 cm;

(6) management: when the seeds are sowed in holes or the cuttage roots are planted in a cuttage mode, when the leaves grow and contact with the thin film, the film is broken manually, the leaves are taken out of the thin film, soil is pressed around the roots, high-temperature seedling burning is prevented, and evaporation of soil moisture in the thin film is reduced; in the withering stage and the germination stage, commercial organic fertilizer with total nutrient content more than or equal to 5% is used for 2 times, 500 kg/mu each time, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil is improved, and the root growth of the gentiana pseudomacrophylla is promoted;

Wherein the sunshade shed uses hollow bricks or welded steel frames as seedbeds, uses reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 5mm or bamboo chips with the thickness of 4mm as arch frames, the distance between the arch frames is 100 plus 120cm, the arch height is 100cm, and the arch frames are arranged at the same height; the brackets are connected by ropes to be firm; the temperature and the humidity are adjusted by adopting a non-drop long-life film and a sunshade net, the shading rate of the sunshade net is not lower than 80 percent, and the safety of seedlings exposed in the sun in the burning sun is ensured; the greenhouse film is bundled together at two ends of the overlength part between the seedbeds to be in a horsetail shape, and the short wood piles are fixed at the positions 0.5m away from the two ends of the seedbeds, so that the two sides of the seedbeds can be lifted conveniently for ventilation.

In the step (6), after the seeds germinate or the roots are cut to grow, the time for the leaves to contact the film is 2-5 days, and the size of the aperture of the broken film is 1-3 cm.

Example 3

(2) the seed source requires: harvesting the seeds for 10 months, removing the unsaturated seeds after air drying, and storing for later use; collecting and digging rhizome for 3 months, storing in shade, and cutting into 5-10cm long root before cutting; collecting seeds and cutting roots from the original place of the gentiana macrophylla pall; the radix Gentianae Marcrophyllae native region comprises Yunnan Deckino county, Sichuan Bartang county, and Tibet Mangkang county; the cuttage root is the connection part of the overground stem and the mature root region, the cut of the root is in an oblique mouth shape, and the overground stem part is 2-5cm long;

(3) land preparation and bed making: turning over and drying the soil 30 days before planting, wherein the depth is 15-30cm, finely raking and leveling, making ridges, and spreading decomposed farmyard manure 500 kg/mu on the surfaces of the ridges;

(4) seedling cultivation: cultivating seeds by using a floating disc or a nutrition pot, cultivating cutting roots by using the nutrition pot, and selecting robust disease-free seedlings for planting when the seedlings are cultivated to 60-90 d in seedling age, 6-8cm in height and 4-6 leaves; soaking the seeds for 6 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ before seedling culture, and floating seedling culture matrix is prepared according to the following steps of grass carbon: preparing perlite =5:1 by mass ratio;

when seeds or cutting roots are adopted to cultivate seedlings, the nutrient soil of the nutrient pot is planted with sandy loam according to the local conditions: preparing decomposed farmyard manure =8:1 by mass; 1-3 seeds per hole or pot, 1-2 roots per pot; the sowing depth of the seeds is 1-5mm, and all cutting roots are inserted in the nutrient soil;

(5) Planting: planting the seeds in holes, cutting the roots by cuttage or cultivating the seedlings on the prepared bed surface 4 months per year, wherein the using amount of the seeds is 1-3 seeds/hole, and the using amount of the seedlings for cutting the roots by cuttage or cultivating the seeds is 1-2 seedlings/pond; watering thoroughly after planting, and laminating; the planting distance is 50cm, and the row spacing is 50 cm; the depth of the seed hole is 1-1.5cm, and the diameter and depth of a planting pond for cutting propagation of a cutting root or transplanting of a seedling are both 10-15 cm;

(6) management: when the seeds are sowed in holes or the cuttage roots are planted in a cuttage mode, when the leaves grow and contact with the thin film, the film is broken manually, the leaves are taken out of the thin film, soil is pressed around the roots, high-temperature seedling burning is prevented, and evaporation of soil moisture in the thin film is reduced; the rotten farmyard manure is used for 2 times in the withering period and the sprouting period respectively, and each time is 1000 kg/mu, so that the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil is improved, and the root growth of the gentiana pseudomacrophylla is promoted;

(8) harvesting and processing: harvesting 2 years after planting, digging up with roots when harvesting, cleaning soil, cutting into sections, drying in the sun, and storing in a cool and ventilated place for later use.

Wherein the small sunshade shed uses hollow bricks or welded steel frames as a seedbed, uses reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 8mm or bamboo chips with the thickness of 7mm as an arch center, the distance between the arches is 110 and 120cm, the arch height is 150cm, and the arch center is arranged at the same height; the brackets are connected by ropes to be firm; the temperature and the humidity are adjusted by adopting a non-drop long-life film and a sunshade net, the shading rate of the sunshade net is not lower than 80 percent, and the safety of seedlings exposed in the sun in the burning sun is ensured; the greenhouse film is bundled together at two ends of the overlength part between the seedbeds to be in a horsetail shape, and the short wood piles are fixed at the positions 1.0m away from the two ends of the seedbeds, so that the two sides of the seedbeds can be lifted conveniently for ventilation.

Example 4

(3) land preparation and bed making: turning over and drying the soil 20 days before planting, wherein the depth is 15-30cm, finely raking and leveling, making beds, and spreading commercial organic fertilizer with the total nutrient content of more than or equal to 5% on the surfaces of the beds for 700 kg/mu;

(4) seedling cultivation: cultivating seeds by using a floating disc or a nutrition pot, cultivating cutting roots by using the nutrition pot, and selecting robust disease-free seedlings for planting when the seedlings are cultivated to 60-90 d in seedling age, 6-8cm in height and 4-6 leaves; soaking the seeds for 15h at the temperature of 45 ℃ before seedling culture, and floating seedling culture matrix is prepared according to the following steps of grass carbon: preparing perlite =4:1 by mass ratio;

when seeds or cutting roots are adopted to cultivate seedlings, the nutrient soil of the nutrient pot is planted with sandy loam according to the local conditions: preparing decomposed farmyard manure =6:1 by mass; 1-3 seeds per hole or pot, 1-2 roots per pot; the sowing depth of the seeds is 1-5mm, and all cutting roots are inserted in the nutrient soil;

(5) Planting: planting the seeds in holes, cutting the roots by cuttage or cultivating the seedlings on the prepared ridge surface in 3 months each year, wherein the using amount of the seeds is 1-3 seeds/hole, and the using amount of the seedlings for cutting the roots by cuttage or cultivating the seeds is 1-2 seedlings/pond; watering thoroughly after planting, and laminating; the planting distance is 40cm, and the row spacing is 35 cm; the depth of the seed hole is 0.5-1.5cm, and the diameter and depth of a planting pond for cutting propagation of a cutting root or transplanting of a seedling are both 10-15 cm;

(6) management: when the seeds are sowed in holes or the cuttage roots are planted in a cuttage mode, when the leaves grow and contact with the thin film, the film is broken manually, the leaves are taken out of the thin film, soil is pressed around the roots, high-temperature seedling burning is prevented, and evaporation of soil moisture in the thin film is reduced; in the withering stage and the germination stage, commercial organic fertilizer with total nutrient content more than or equal to 5% is used for 3 times, each time is 600 kg/mu, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil is improved, and the root growth of the gentiana pseudomacrophylla is promoted;

(8) harvesting and processing: harvesting 1.8 years after planting, digging up with roots, cleaning soil, cutting into sections, drying in the sun, and storing in a cool and ventilated place for later use.

Wherein the sunshade shed uses hollow bricks or welded steel frames as seedbeds, uses reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 6mm or bamboo chips with the thickness of 5mm as arch frames, the distance between the arch frames is 100 plus 120cm, the arch height is 120cm, and the arch frames are arranged at the same height; the brackets are connected by ropes to be firm; the temperature and the humidity are adjusted by adopting a non-drop long-life film and a sunshade net, the shading rate of the sunshade net is not lower than 80 percent, and the safety of seedlings exposed in the sun in the burning sun is ensured; the greenhouse film is bundled together at two ends of the overlength part between the seedbeds to be in a horsetail shape, and the short wood piles are fixed at the positions 0.8m away from the two ends of the seedbeds, so that the two sides of the seedbeds can be lifted conveniently for ventilation.

Application example 1:

(1) and (3) area selection: in 2017, a planting plot is selected in the mountain country of buddha county, dezu, Yunnan, where the soil is sandy loam, the elevation 2700m, N: 28 ° 23', E: 99 ℃ and 28', the annual precipitation is 373mm, and the annual average temperature is 14 ℃.

(2) Seed source preparation: collecting seeds in the local place in 9 months of the previous year, removing the unsaturated seeds after air drying, and storing for later use. Cutting the root into 5cm long before cutting, collecting 2-5cm long stalk, storing in shade place. The root cut is in an oblique mouth shape, and the obviously rotten roots are cut and removed.

(3) Land preparation and bed making: and (3) turning over and sunning the soil 30 days before planting, wherein the depth is 15-30cm, finely raking and leveling, making ridges, and spreading 1000 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure on the surfaces of the ridges.

(4) Seedling cultivation: and (5) cultivating seedlings by using the seed and the cutting root in a nutrition pot. The nutrient soil is prepared from the following components: decomposed farmyard manure =4: 1. 2, in the middle ten days of the month, raising seedlings by adopting a greenhouse, keeping the humidity in the greenhouse at 60-90%, the temperature in the daytime at 15-30 ℃ and the temperature at night at 10-20 ℃.

(5) Planting: selecting 3-4 leaves and healthy seedlings in 4 months, digging into a pond according to the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 40cm for transplanting, respectively planting the seeds and the cutting roots for 2 mu, watering thoroughly after planting, and covering with a film.

(6) Field management: and (3) watering the young leaves of the plants in time when withering symptoms occur due to insufficient water supply within 15 days after planting, such as drought in the weather, so as to keep the soil moist, and facilitate survival and shortening of seedling revival period. And (5) uncovering a film for weeding and hilling according to the growth condition of weeds at the later stage. The decomposed farmyard manure is used for 2 times in the withering period and the germination period respectively, and each time is 1000 kg/mu.

(7) And (3) pest control: in the early aphid occurrence stage in the middle 6 th month, the yellow plate is arranged according to the quantity of 10 blocks/mu to trap and kill the winged aphids, and the height of the yellow plate above the ground is 15 cm. In severe cases, 1:1000 times of imidacloprid medicament is prepared for spray prevention and treatment. The disease such as powdery mildew, root rot and the like is prevented and controlled by spraying propamocarb medicament at the ratio of 1:800 at the initial stage of 8 months.

(8) Harvesting and processing: harvesting for 1.5 years, digging up with the roots when harvesting, cleaning soil, cutting into sections, drying in the sun, and storing in a cool and ventilated place for later use.

Application example 2:

(1) and (3) area selection: in 2017, a planting plot was selected in the township of the country of dezu, deng, yunnan, where the soil was sandy loam and the elevation: 2650m, N: 28 ° 41', E: 98 ℃ of 41', annual precipitation of 450mm and annual average temperature of 20 ℃.

(2) Seed source preparation: collecting seeds in the local area in 10 months before planting, removing the unsaturated seeds after air drying, and storing for later use. Collecting and digging the cutting roots in the current year of 2 months, keeping the ground stalks for 2-5cm, placing the cutting roots in a shade place for storage, and cutting the cutting roots into cutting roots with the length of 8cm before cutting. The root cut is in an oblique mouth shape, and the obviously rotten roots are cut and removed.

(3) Land preparation and bed making: and (3) turning and sunning the soil 20 days before planting, wherein the depth is 15-30cm, finely raking and leveling, making beds, and spreading 500kg of commercial organic fertilizer (the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 5%) on the surfaces of the beds.

(4) Planting: and 3, planting in a direct seeding mode in 3 months. The row spacing of the plants is 20cm multiplied by 30 cm. Dibbling is adopted for seeds, 1-2 seeds per hole are planted, 1-2 roots are planted per hole, and the area is 1 mu each. Watering thoroughly after planting, and laminating.

(5) Field management: regularly observing, breaking the membrane within 3 days after germination or emergence of seedlings, wherein the pore size of the broken membrane is 1-2 cm. After the blades grow and contact the film, the blades are taken out and the soil is pressed around the roots, and the film is uncovered for weeding and hilling according to the growth condition of the weeds at the later stage. The commercial organic fertilizer is respectively used for 2 times in the withering period and the germination period, and each time is 500 kg/mu.

(6) And (3) pest control: in the early aphid occurrence stage in the middle 6 th month, yellow plates are arranged according to the quantity of 15 blocks/mu to trap and kill the winged aphids, and the height of the yellow plates above the ground is 15 cm. In severe cases, 1:1000 times of imidacloprid medicament is prepared for spray prevention and treatment. The propamocarb medicament is sprayed to prevent and treat diseases such as powdery mildew, root rot and the like at the initial stage of occurrence at a ratio of 1: 800.

(7) Harvesting and processing: harvesting for 2 years, digging up with roots, cleaning soil, cutting into sections, drying in the sun, and storing in a cool and ventilated place for later use.

And (3) comparison test:

(1) and (3) area selection: in 2017, a planting plot, red loam, elevation 2100m, N: 25 ° 04', E: 102 ℃ 32', an annual precipitation of 1030mm and an annual average temperature of 13 ℃.

(2) Seed source preparation: adopting seed seedling raising and planting. Collecting seeds in the Buddhist mountain county of Deckinson county of Gentiana macrophylla in the 10 th month before planting, air drying, removing unsaturated seeds, and storing for later use.

(3) Land preparation and bed making: and (3) turning over and sunning the soil 20 days before planting, wherein the depth is 15-30cm, finely raking and leveling, making ridges, and spreading commercial organic fertilizer (the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 5%) 500 kg/mu on the surfaces of the ridges.

(4) Seedling cultivation: and (5) cultivating seedlings in a nutrition pot. The nutrient soil is prepared from the following components: decomposed farmyard manure =4: 1. 2, in the middle ten days of the month, raising seedlings by adopting a greenhouse, keeping the humidity in the greenhouse at 60-90%, the temperature in the daytime at 15-30 ℃ and the temperature at night at 10-20 ℃.

(5) Planting: selecting 3-4 leaves and healthy seedlings without diseases in 4 months, digging and transplanting the seedlings in a pond with the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 40cm, planting the seedlings with the area of 1 mu, watering the seedlings thoroughly after planting, and covering the seedlings with films.

(6) Field management: and (3) watering the young leaves of the plants in time when withering symptoms occur due to insufficient water supply within 15 days after planting, such as drought in the weather, so as to keep the soil moist, and facilitate survival and shortening of seedling revival period. And (5) uncovering a film for weeding and hilling according to the growth condition of weeds at the later stage. The commercial organic fertilizer is respectively used for 2 times in the withering period and the germination period, and each time is 500 kg/mu.

(7) And (3) pest control: in the early aphid occurrence stage in the middle 6 th month, yellow plates are arranged according to the quantity of 15 blocks/mu to trap and kill the winged aphids, and the height of the yellow plates above the ground is 15 cm. In severe cases, 1:1000 times of imidacloprid medicament is prepared for spray prevention and treatment. The disease such as powdery mildew, root rot and the like is prevented and controlled by spraying propamocarb medicament at the ratio of 1:800 at the initial stage of 8 months.

The survival rates and the pest and disease occurrence conditions of the application examples and the comparative experiments are shown in table 1, and the yield statistics are shown in table 2.

TABLE 1 survival rate and disease and pest occurrence

TABLE 2 statistics of yield

According to statistics, under the influence of weather factors such as rainfall, temperature and the like, the incidence of powdery mildew, root rot and aphid in rural areas in Kunming City in Yunnan province is high, and the yield is lower than that of artificial planting in a bionic land.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. An artificial planting method of gentiana pseudomacrophylla is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(6) management: when the seeds are sowed in a hole mode or the cuttage roots are planted in a cuttage mode, when the leaves grow and contact with the thin film, the film is broken manually, the leaves are taken out of the thin film, and soil is pressed around the roots; respectively using decomposed farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer with total nutrient content more than or equal to 5% for 2-3 times in the withering period and the germination period, wherein each time is 500-1000 kg/mu;

2. The artificial planting method for gentiana straminea maxim as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the dry and warm climate region is a region where the environment tends to be drought and the climate is dry and hot, the water evaporation capacity is greater than the precipitation capacity, the annual average temperature is 14-22 ℃, and the rainfall capacity is 300-.

3. The artificial planting method of gentiana pseudolaricis as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the seeds and cutting roots are collected from the original place of gentiana pseudolaricis; the radix Gentianae Marcrophyllae native region comprises Yunnan Deckino county, Sichuan Bantang county, and Xizang Mankang county.

4. The artificial planting method of gentiana straminea maxim as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cuttage root in step (2) is a part where an overground stem is connected with a mature root region, the cut of the root is in the shape of an oblique mouth, and the overground stem part is 2-5cm long.

5. The artificial planting method of gentiana straminea maxim as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4), the seeds are soaked for 6-24h at 30-60 ℃ before seedling raising, and the floating seedling raising substrate is prepared according to the following grass peat: preparing perlite =3-5:1 by mass ratio;

when seeds or cutting roots are adopted to cultivate seedlings, the nutrient soil of the nutrient pot is planted with sandy loam according to the local conditions: preparing decomposed farmyard manure =4-8:1 by mass ratio; 1-3 seeds per hole or pot, 1-2 roots per pot; the sowing depth of the seeds is 1-5mm, and all cutting roots are inserted in the nutrient soil;

6. The artificial planting method for gentiana straminea maxim as claimed in claim 5, wherein the sunshade shed uses hollow bricks or welded steel frames as seedbeds, uses reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 5-8mm or bamboo chips with the thickness of 4-7mm as arches, the distance between the arches is 100-120cm, the arch height is 100-150cm, and the arches are arranged at the same height; the brackets are connected by ropes to be firm; the temperature and the humidity are adjusted by adopting a non-drop long-life film and a sunshade net, and the shading rate of the sunshade net is not lower than 80 percent; the greenhouse film is arranged at the two ends of the super-long part between the seedbeds, the greenhouse film is bundled together to be in a horsetail shape, and short wood piles are fixed at the positions 0.5-1.0m away from the two ends of the seedbeds.

7. The artificial planting method of gentiana straminea maxim according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the planting distance is 20-50cm, and the row spacing is 20-50 cm; the depth of the seed hole is 0.5-1.5cm, and the diameter and depth of the planting pond for cutting propagation of the cutting root or transplanting of the seedling are both 10-15 cm.

8. The artificial planting method of gentiana straminea maxim as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (6), after the seeds germinate or the roots are cut to sprout, the time for the leaves to contact the film is 2-5 days, and the size of the aperture of the broken film is 1-3 cm.