CN111011125B

CN111011125B - Strawberry planting method

Info

Publication number: CN111011125B
Application number: CN201911393811.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蓝桂华
Original assignee: Shilin Shihai Agricultural Industry Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Shilin Shihai Agricultural Industry Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-30
Filing date: 2019-12-30
Publication date: 2022-04-29
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-30
Also published as: CN111011125A

Abstract

In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a strawberry planting method, which comprises the following steps: s1, a trapezoidal strawberry planting base with the height of 20-30cm, the top width of 10-15cm and the bottom width of 20-25cm is arranged in a flat greenhouse planting field. S2, inserting strawberry seedlings into the strawberry planting base. Then covering and laying pine needles with the thickness of 1-2cm on the surface of the strawberry planting base. S3, completely covering the strawberry planting base by using a transparent film, and forming holes at the positions corresponding to the strawberry seedlings to expose the strawberry seedlings. Then, a plurality of small holes with the aperture of 0.5-2mm are arranged on the film around the strawberry seedlings. And S4, performing field management on the strawberries. The strawberry planting method can still achieve good harvest in the third year and the fourth year, and the yield is reduced only after the fifth year. The obtained strawberries are sweet in taste, the annual average acre yield, the appearance and the taste of the strawberries are good, and the planting income of the strawberries can be effectively improved.

Description

Strawberry planting method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit planting, and particularly relates to a strawberry planting method.

Background

Strawberry (English name: strawberry, Latin name: Fragaria x anaassa Duch.) was grown for many years. Height 10-40 cm, stem lower than leaf or nearly equal, and thick and soft yellow hair. Leaves III, small leaves with short stems, thick texture, inverted egg shape or diamond shape, dark green upper side, few hair-free, light white green lower side, hair-thinning and dense pulse-following. The petiole density is developed yellow velvety. The small leaves of a short handle are arranged under the inflorescence. The flower is amphoteric. The sepals are oval and slightly longer than the subphylum. The petals are white, nearly round or oval. The polymerized fruit is large, and the preserved sepals are upright and cling to the fruit. The lean fruit is pointed egg shape and smooth. The flowering period is 4-5 months, and the fruit period is 6-7 months. The original products in south America, China and Europe are widely cultivated. The strawberry has high nutritive value, contains multiple nutrients, and has health promoting effect.

The existing strawberry cultivation is generally in a three-year period. Only a few strawberries can be harvested in the first year, a lot of strawberries can be harvested in the second year, but the yield of the strawberries is obviously reduced by the third year or three years, and plants need to be replaced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a strawberry planting method, which comprises the following steps:

s1, a trapezoidal strawberry planting base with the height of 20-30cm, the top width of 10-15cm and the bottom width of 20-25cm is arranged in a flat greenhouse planting field.

S2, inserting strawberry seedlings into the strawberry planting base. Then covering and laying pine needles with the thickness of 1-2cm on the surface of the strawberry planting base.

S3, completely covering the strawberry planting base by using a transparent film, and forming holes at the positions corresponding to the strawberry seedlings to expose the strawberry seedlings. Then, a plurality of small holes with the aperture of 0.5-2mm are arranged on the film around the strawberry seedlings.

And S4, performing field management on the strawberries. The strawberry field management is traditional strawberry planting management.

Further, the strawberry cultivation medium of step S1 includes, from top to bottom: a planting soil layer with the thickness of 5-8cm, a first base material layer with the thickness of 3-5cm, a second base material layer with the thickness of 5-8cm and a third base material layer with the thickness of 7-9 cm.

Further, by mass, the planting soil layer comprises: 100 parts of planting soil and 5-10 parts of crushed material residues.

Further, the crushed slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of crushed sugarcane peel, 50-55 parts of peat and 1-2 parts of vermiculite.

Further, the first base material layer comprises, in parts by mass: 100 parts of planting soil, 15-20 parts of gravel and 30-35 parts of rotten materials.

Further, the second base material layer comprises, in parts by mass: 50 parts of planting soil, 30-40 parts of crushed ceramic, 50-65 parts of rotting material and 20-22 parts of fine sand.

Further, the second base material layer is prepared by the following method:

firstly, placing the broken ceramics into a baking furnace with the temperature of 1000-1100 ℃ for baking for 30-35 min.

And (II) putting the baked crushed ceramic into water with the temperature of 80-85 ℃ to obtain quenched crushed ceramic.

And (III) adding the quenched crushed ceramic and 1.2-1.5 times of water by mass into the decomposed material, uniformly stirring, heating to 95-100 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5-10min, and uniformly stirring with fine sand to obtain a first mixture on the basis of maintaining the temperature.

And (IV) uniformly mixing the first mixture cooled to the room temperature with planting soil to obtain a second base material layer.

Further, the third base material layer comprises, in parts by mass: 50 parts of fine sand, 50-65 parts of corrupting material and 5-7 parts of far infrared stone.

Further, the rotting material is prepared by adopting the following method:

A. uniformly mixing 20-30 parts of biogas slurry and 80-100 parts of crushed straws in parts by mass to obtain a first fermentation material. And uniformly mixing 30-40 parts of biogas slurry and 30-40 parts of bagasse to obtain a second fermented material.

B. Carrying out aerobic fermentation on the first fermentation material at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 6-7 months to obtain the component A. And (3) carrying out aerobic fermentation on the second fermentation material for 3 months, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation until the component A is fermented completely to obtain a component B.

C. And uniformly mixing the component A and the component B, and adding 3-5 parts of tobacco straw to obtain the decomposed material.

The invention has at least one of the following advantages:

1. the strawberry planting method can still achieve good harvest in the third year and the fourth year, and the yield is reduced only after the fifth year.

2. The strawberry obtained by the method disclosed by the invention is sweet in taste, the annual average acre yield, the appearance and the taste of the strawberry are good, and the planting income of the strawberry can be effectively improved.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Example 1

A planting method of strawberries comprises the following steps:

s1, a trapezoidal strawberry planting base with the height of 25cm, the top width of 12cm and the bottom width of 23cm is arranged in a flat greenhouse planting field.

S2, inserting strawberry seedlings into the strawberry planting base. Then pine needles with the thickness of 1.5cm are covered and paved on the surface of the strawberry planting base.

S3, completely covering the strawberry planting base by using a transparent film, and forming holes at the positions corresponding to the strawberry seedlings to expose the strawberry seedlings. Then, a plurality of small holes with the aperture of 1mm are arranged on the film around the strawberry seedlings. The small holes are arranged to enable water for irrigation to be soaked into the planting base, and meanwhile, the planting base has certain gas exchange with the outside.

And S4, performing field management on the strawberries.

Example 2

A planting method of strawberries comprises the following steps:

s1, a trapezoidal strawberry planting base with the height of 30cm, the top width of 15cm and the bottom width of 25cm is arranged in a flat greenhouse planting field.

S2, inserting strawberry seedlings into the strawberry planting base. Then, pine needles with the thickness of 2cm are covered and paved on the surface of the strawberry planting base.

S3, completely covering the strawberry planting base by using a transparent film, and forming holes at the positions corresponding to the strawberry seedlings to expose the strawberry seedlings. Then, a plurality of small holes with the aperture of 2mm are arranged on the film around the strawberry seedlings.

And S4, performing field management on the strawberries.

Example 3

A planting method of strawberries comprises the following steps:

s1, a trapezoidal strawberry planting base with the height of 20cm, the top width of 10cm and the bottom width of 20cm is arranged in a flat greenhouse planting field.

S2, inserting strawberry seedlings into the strawberry planting base. Then pine needles with the thickness of 1cm are covered and paved on the surface of the strawberry planting base.

S3, completely covering the strawberry planting base by using a transparent film, and forming holes at the positions corresponding to the strawberry seedlings to expose the strawberry seedlings. Then, a plurality of small holes with the aperture of 0.5mm are arranged on the film around the strawberry seedlings.

And S4, performing field management on the strawberries.

Example 4

A planting method of strawberries comprises the following steps:

S2, inserting strawberry seedlings into the strawberry planting base.

And S4, performing field management on the strawberries.

Example 4 is a comparative example, where the strawberries obtained were reduced in sugar by 10-15% compared to examples 1-3, without laying pine needles on the planting base.

Example 5

Based on the strawberry cultivation method of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, the strawberry cultivation base of step S1 includes, from top to bottom: a planting soil layer with the thickness of 6cm, a first base material layer with the thickness of 4cm, a second base material layer with the thickness of 6cm and a third base material layer with the thickness of 8 cm.

The planting soil layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of planting soil and 5 parts of crushed material residues.

The crushed material slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of crushed sugarcane peel, 53 parts of peat and 1 part of vermiculite.

The first base material layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of planting soil, 18 parts of gravel and 33 parts of rotting materials.

The second base material layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of planting soil, 35 parts of crushed ceramic, 58 parts of decomposed material and 21 parts of fine sand.

The third base material layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of fine sand, 58 parts of decomposed materials and 6 parts of far infrared stone.

Example 6

Based on the strawberry cultivation method of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, the strawberry cultivation base of step S1 includes, from top to bottom: the soil layer is planted in the soil layer with the thickness of 8cm, the first base material layer with the thickness of 5cm, the second base material layer with the thickness of 8cm and the third base material layer with the thickness of 9 cm.

The planting soil layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of planting soil and 10 parts of crushed material residues.

The crushed material slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30 parts of wheat bran, 15 parts of crushed sugarcane peel, 55 parts of peat and 2 parts of vermiculite.

The first base material layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of planting soil, 20 parts of gravel and 35 parts of rotten materials.

The second base material layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of planting soil, 40 parts of crushed ceramic, 65 parts of decomposed material and 22 parts of fine sand.

The third base material layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of fine sand, 65 parts of decomposed materials and 7 parts of far infrared stone.

Example 7

Based on the strawberry cultivation method of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, the strawberry cultivation base of step S1 includes, from top to bottom: a planting soil layer with the thickness of 5cm, a first base material layer with the thickness of 3cm, a second base material layer with the thickness of 5cm and a third base material layer with the thickness of 7 cm.

The crushed material slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of crushed sugarcane peel, 50 parts of peat and 1 part of vermiculite.

The first base material layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of planting soil, 15 parts of gravel and 30 parts of rotten materials.

The second base material layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of planting soil, 30 parts of crushed ceramic, 50 parts of decomposed material and 20 parts of fine sand.

The third base material layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of fine sand, 50 parts of decomposed materials and 5 parts of far infrared stone.

Example 8

Planting soil layer, first base material layer, second base material layer, third base material layer are the uniform ratio, count by mass portion, include: 100 parts of planting soil and 5 parts of crushed material residues. The crushed material slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of crushed sugarcane peel, 53 parts of peat and 1 part of vermiculite.

Example 9

Planting soil layer, first base material layer, second base material layer, third base material layer are the uniform ratio, count by mass portion, include: 100 parts of planting soil, 18 parts of gravel and 33 parts of rotting materials.

Example 10

Planting soil layer, first base material layer, second base material layer, third base material layer are the uniform ratio, count by mass portion, include: 50 parts of planting soil, 35 parts of crushed ceramic, 58 parts of decomposed material and 21 parts of fine sand.

Example 11

Planting soil layer, first base material layer, second base material layer, third base material layer are the uniform ratio, count by mass portion, include: 50 parts of fine sand, 58 parts of decomposed materials and 6 parts of far infrared stone.

Examples 8-11 are comparative examples, and examples 8-11 show different reductions in production and prime years compared to example 1. Among them, the full production year in examples 8 and 9 is the second year, and the yield decrease occurs in the third year, and the yield fails to satisfy the requirement in the fourth year. The examples 10 and 11 are difficult to produce in high yield, and the strawberry is poor in growth. However, the strawberry can still be well harvested in the third year and the fourth year by adopting the planting base of the invention, and the yield is reduced only in the fifth year.

Example 12

The first base material layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of planting soil, 35 parts of crushed ceramic, 58 parts of decomposed material and 21 parts of fine sand.

The second base material layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of planting soil, 18 parts of gravel and 33 parts of rotting materials.

Example 13

The second base material layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of fine sand, 58 parts of decomposed materials and 6 parts of far infrared stone.

The third base material layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of planting soil, 18 parts of gravel and 33 parts of rotting materials.

Examples 12 to 13 are comparative examples, and the comparative method is to adjust the relative positions of the planting soil layer, the first base material layer, the second base material layer and the third base material layer, and as a result, the technical effect of the present invention that the strawberry still has good harvest in the third year and the fourth year and the yield is reduced only in the fifth year cannot be achieved.

Example 14

Based on the planting method of the strawberries in any one of embodiments 5 to 7, the second base material layer is prepared by the following method:

firstly, the broken ceramic is put into a baking furnace at the temperature of 1000-1100 ℃, preferably 1078 ℃ for baking for 30-35min, preferably 32 min.

And (II) putting the baked crushed ceramic into water at the temperature of 80-85 ℃, preferably 82 ℃ to obtain quenched crushed ceramic.

And (III) adding the quenched crushed ceramic and 1.2-1.5 times, preferably 1.3 times of water by mass into the decomposed material, uniformly stirring, heating to 95-100 ℃, preferably 98 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5-10min, preferably 8min, and uniformly stirring with fine sand to obtain a first mixture on the basis of maintaining the temperature.

Example 15

Based on the planting method of the strawberries in any one of embodiments 5 to 7, the second base material layer is prepared by the following method: directly mixing the planting soil, the crushed ceramic, the decomposed material and the fine sand at room temperature.

Example 15 is a comparative example to example 14, and using the second binder layer prepared by the method of example 15, the yield of the planted strawberries is reduced to a certain extent in the third year, and the yield per mu requirement cannot be met in the fourth year.

Example 16

Based on any one of the strawberry planting methods, the rotting material is prepared by the following method:

A. and uniformly mixing 25 parts of biogas slurry and 90 parts of crushed straws in parts by mass to obtain a first fermentation material. And uniformly mixing 35 parts of biogas slurry and 35 parts of bagasse to obtain a second fermented material.

B. The first fermentation material is aerobically fermented for 6.5 months at the temperature of 32 ℃ to obtain the component A. And (3) carrying out aerobic fermentation on the second fermentation material for 3 months, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation until the component A is fermented completely to obtain a component B.

C. And uniformly mixing the component A and the component B, and adding 4 parts of tobacco straws to obtain the decomposed material.

Example 17

A. and uniformly mixing 30 parts of biogas slurry and 100 parts of crushed straws in parts by mass to obtain a first fermentation material. And uniformly mixing 40 parts of biogas slurry and 40 parts of bagasse to obtain a second fermented material.

B. Carrying out aerobic fermentation on the first fermentation material at the temperature of 35 ℃ for 7 months to obtain the component A. And (3) carrying out aerobic fermentation on the second fermentation material for 3 months, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation until the component A is fermented completely to obtain a component B.

C. And uniformly mixing the component A and the component B, and adding 5 parts of tobacco straw to obtain the decomposed material.

Example 18

A. and uniformly mixing 20 parts of biogas slurry and 80 parts of crushed straws in parts by mass to obtain a first fermentation material. And uniformly mixing 30 parts of biogas slurry and 30 parts of bagasse to obtain a second fermented material.

B. Carrying out aerobic fermentation on the first fermentation material at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 6 months to obtain the component A. And (3) carrying out aerobic fermentation on the second fermentation material for 3 months, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation until the component A is fermented completely to obtain a component B.

C. And uniformly mixing the component A and the component B, and adding 3 parts of tobacco straws to obtain the decomposed material.

Compared with the organic fermented fertilizer sold in the market, the rotting material prepared by the method in the embodiment 16-18 has the advantages that the planted strawberries are sweet in taste, and the average annual acre yield, the appearance and the taste of the strawberries are good. Particularly, in the yield of the third year, the yield is reduced by about 10% by adopting the commercial organic fermented fertilizer. In the yield of the fourth year, the yield is reduced by about 30% by adopting the commercial organic fermented fertilizer.

The invention has at least one of the following advantages:

It is to be noted and understood that various modifications and improvements can be made to the invention described in detail above without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. Accordingly, the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited by any of the specific exemplary teachings provided.

Claims

1. A strawberry planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, a trapezoidal strawberry planting base with the height of 20-30cm, the top width of 10-15cm and the bottom width of 20-25cm is arranged in a flat greenhouse planting field;

s2, inserting strawberry seedlings into the strawberry planting base; then covering and laying pine needles with the thickness of 1-2cm on the surface of the strawberry planting base;

s3, completely covering the strawberry planting base by using a transparent film, and opening holes at positions corresponding to the strawberry seedlings to expose the strawberry seedlings; then, a plurality of small holes with the aperture of 0.5-2mm are formed on the film around the strawberry seedlings;

s4, performing field management on the strawberries;

step S1, the strawberry cultivation medium includes, from top to bottom: a planting soil layer with the thickness of 5-8cm, a first base material layer with the thickness of 3-5cm, a second base material layer with the thickness of 5-8cm and a third base material layer with the thickness of 7-9 cm;

the planting soil layer comprises: 100 parts of planting soil and 5-10 parts of crushed material residues;

the crushed material slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of crushed sugarcane peel, 50-55 parts of peat and 1-2 parts of vermiculite;

the first binder layer includes: 100 parts of planting soil, 15-20 parts of gravel and 30-35 parts of rotten materials;

the second binder layer includes: 50 parts of planting soil, 30-40 parts of crushed ceramic, 50-65 parts of rotting material and 20-22 parts of fine sand;

the third base material layer includes: 50 parts of fine sand, 50-65 parts of corrupting material and 5-7 parts of far infrared stone.

2. The strawberry cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the second base material layer is prepared by the following method:

firstly, placing the broken ceramic into a baking furnace at the temperature of 1000-1100 ℃ for baking for 30-35 min;

secondly, putting the baked crushed ceramic into water with the temperature of 80-85 ℃ to obtain quenched crushed ceramic;

thirdly, adding quenched crushed ceramic and 1.2-1.5 times of water by mass into the decomposed material, uniformly stirring, heating to 95-100 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5-10min, and uniformly stirring with fine sand on the basis of maintaining the temperature to obtain a first mixture;

3. The strawberry cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the rotting material is prepared by the following method:

A. uniformly mixing 20-30 parts of biogas slurry and 80-100 parts of crushed straws in parts by mass to obtain a first fermentation material; uniformly mixing 30-40 parts of biogas slurry and 30-40 parts of bagasse to obtain a second fermentation material;

B. carrying out aerobic fermentation on the first fermentation material at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 6-7 months to obtain a component A; carrying out aerobic fermentation on the second fermentation material for 3 months, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation until the component A is completely fermented to obtain a component B;