CN1110052A - 圆形的嵌镶式刀具 - Google Patents

圆形的嵌镶式刀具 Download PDF

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CN1110052A
CN1110052A CN94190317A CN94190317A CN1110052A CN 1110052 A CN1110052 A CN 1110052A CN 94190317 A CN94190317 A CN 94190317A CN 94190317 A CN94190317 A CN 94190317A CN 1110052 A CN1110052 A CN 1110052A
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cutter
mosaic
knife back
angle
cutting insert
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CN1047974C (zh
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汉斯·沃纳
阿克·阿尔曼桑德
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Sandvik AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1614—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped against the walls of the recess in the shank by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • B23B27/1622—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped against the walls of the recess in the shank by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert characterised by having a special shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/12—Side or flank surfaces
    • B23B2200/123—Side or flank surfaces curved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/12—Side or flank surfaces
    • B23B2200/125—Side or flank surfaces discontinuous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/20—Top or side views of the cutting edge
    • B23B2200/202—Top or side views of the cutting edge with curved cutting edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/20—Top or side views of the cutting edge
    • B23B2200/204—Top or side views of the cutting edge with discontinuous cutting edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2260/00—Details of constructional elements
    • B23B2260/004—Adjustable elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1908—Face or end mill
    • Y10T407/1912—Tool adjustable relative to holder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1908—Face or end mill
    • Y10T407/1924—Specified tool shape
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2222—Tool adjustable relative to holder
    • Y10T407/2226—Plural provisions for adjustment
    • Y10T407/223—Plural provisions for adjustment including pivotable seat or tool
    • Y10T407/2232—Plural provisions for adjustment including pivotable seat or tool with detent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2222—Tool adjustable relative to holder
    • Y10T407/2252—Rectilinearly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23—Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges

Abstract

一块固定在铣刀上的嵌镶式刀具，其边界全长的 约3/4是圆形的。其余的1/4侧面，包含有两个 大体上相互垂直的侧面，在它们之间夹着一个拐角， 在两侧面中的一个侧面上、邻近拐角的地方，有一部 分形成了平行刀背，这部分是倾斜的，从而与上述该 两侧面均成钝角。藉助于这样一种圆形结构，就能对 平行刀背角作准确的调整，而不必改变嵌镶式刀具预 先设定好的压紧力。

Description

本发明涉及到一种拟装在可旋转的铣刀床身上的、一个夹具中的嵌镶式刀具，刀具周界面的大部分是圆柱形的。
铣床上装嵌镶式刀具的夹具通常是沿周界的包络面置放的。由铣刀床身拥有的嵌镶式刀具数目的多少，铣床可分为铣刀间距特密型、紧密型或稀疏型三种。对于，例如在发动机制造业中，常遇的面一方形轴肩的铣削加工，要求对多个切削刃作极精确的定位，既是绝对位置，也是相对于其它切削刃的相对位置意义上的精确定位。因而两切削刃之间的轴向高度差不应超过几个微米，才能实现要求的表面光洁度。
在编号为9301399-3的瑞典专利申请书中，介绍了一种结构，它能使一把铣刀中的诸切削刃之间的轴向与径向位置定位得很准确，因而本说明书中也包含着该申请。按照该申请，一把主要用于加工铝的铣刀是这样构成的，在其外壳的表面上铣削着若干条沟槽，槽中安装着嵌镶式刀具的夹具及定位板。在这些夹具及定位板上，有锯齿形的表面，以供相互独立地作径向及轴向精密调整之用。
除了能作轴向及径向调整之用外，还有所谓的平行刀背角也必须能作精细的调整，因为该角对加工后的表面光洁度至关重要。平行刀背角定义为此平行刀背的切削刃与它加工出来的表面之间的夹角。为了能对此角作调整，在先有技术中，此嵌镶式刀具须装在一个所谓的摇架中，而摇架也能转动，直到把平行刀背角调到需要的值时为止（例如可参DE-C-3140905）。但这种结构因含有不少分立的零件，既结构复杂，使用也不方便。尤其是，在对嵌镶式刀具作轴向精细调整时还会遇到困难，这是因为还出现了进一步的边界线，即摇架与夹具之间的线。还有，这种结构也招来了不稳定性，这是因为为了有可能精细地调整嵌镶式刀具，那些分立的零件是一个固定到另一个上去的，因而测量公差是累加起来的。
因而本发明的一个目的是希冀对每个嵌镶式刀具的平行刀背角能作快速而又准确的精密调整。
本发明的另一目的是使为调整平行刀背角所需的分立零件的个数尽可能降至最少。
本发明的再一个目的是使嵌镶式刀具能够在其嵌镶的凹坑内稍微活动而不致于改变预先已调好的夹紧力，这对于刀具在坑内可靠而稳定的定位是至关重要的。
这些以及另一些目的，只要在制作嵌镶式刀具时使之具有权利要求1的描述部分所提定的性质，就均能实现。
为了能示意地说明，但并非限制的目的，现结合表示一优先实施例的诸附图，对本发明作进一步的阐述。
图1表示的是按本发明而设计的一把嵌镶式刀具的、从斜上方看过去的透视图。
图2表示了按本发明而设计的一个优先实施例的从斜上方看过去的透视图。
图3表示的是如何将图2中的嵌镶式刀具固定到夹具中去。
图4表示了按本发明而设计的另一个优先实施例，从斜上方看过去的透视图。
图5表示的是如何将图4中的嵌镶式刀具固定到夹具中去。
图1概括地表示了按本发明的设计的一个嵌镶式刀具。它可由碳化物或任何其它高硬度的材料（例如各种陶瓷）粘接而成。它还可以在其专司切削的那个角落上，嵌上一块镶嵌物或一块所谓的薄片，此镶嵌物（或片）是由特别硬的材料，诸如多晶型的人造金刚石或立方镗孔氮化物（cubic    bore    nitride），所制成。倘若切削片是由碳化物粘接而成，它可以是无涂膜的，也可以是有涂膜的，例如有一层或几层碳化钛与/或氮化钛，或一层多晶型人造金刚石。还有，一块由碳化物（硬质合金）粘接而成的切削片可以是经研磨加工而成的，也可以是直接压制成最后所需的形状。其截断尺寸（IC-measure）通常为10-15mm，而其厚度约为3，5-6mm之间。
此嵌镶式刀具有一上切削面1、和一个与上切削面1大体上平行的底面，此底面（在嵌入夹具后）就倚靠在嵌镶用凹坑的下方支承面上（参图3及图5），此外，此刀具还拥有若干个位于切削表面与底面之间的侧表面。约有 3/4 的侧表面系由基本上是圆柱形表面3所组成，它大体上与上切削面1及底面都是垂直的。剩下的 1/4 的侧表面、基本上由相互大体上垂直的表面4与表面5组成。表面4是主切削刃10下面的清屑面，因而切削面1与清屑面4之间的夹角宜在70°与90°之间，最好在75°-85°之间。面5与切削面1的夹角也宜于落在该范围内。
嵌镶式刀具在面4与面5之间的侧表面上，有一平面形刀背6，刀背上有一相应的副切削刃11。该副切削刃11的切削刃角，也在上述的角度范围内。此副切削刃与工件上加工成的面之间所夹的角度就构成了平行刀背角，准确地调整这个角度，正是本发明的一个主要目的。在平面形刀背6与清屑面4之间，有一个加强斜面7，用以加强受到较大应力作用的切削拐角，从而也就附带产生了一个较小的副切削刃2。后者的切削刃角宜界于65°到90°之间，最好在70°到80°之间。表面5与6之间的夹角宜在176°到179.5°之间。构成平行刀背6的侧表面部分占该侧面5原始长度20%到40%之间。
在嵌镶式刀具的中心，开有一个通孔，供插入一个适当的锁紧螺丝之用。此孔的上部8，大体上钻成圆柱形，而孔的其余部份由一圆拱面9向下呈锥形。
图2所示的嵌镶式刀具与图1的一样，唯一的不同处是在它的曲线形侧表面3上有一个凹陷处13。此凹陷处13不必贯通于刀具的整个厚度上，只要在刀具的一部分（例如 1/3 到 1/2 ）厚度上加工出一个凹陷就可以了。如图3所示，将一个其上带有一调节凸缘15的调节销钉14装入夹具内，并使凸缘15硬挤入该凹陷处13，在将锁紧螺丝16略为拧松些之后，如用螺丝刀转动调节销钉，就会使嵌镶式刀具也随之发生转动，从而也就调节了平行刀背角。在准确定位后、铣刀转动之前，可以把调节用销钉取出。另一个替代办法是将铣工用工具的突出部分做成调节销钉14的形状。
在图4与图5中表示了另一个实施例，用以微调平行刀背角。图4所示的嵌镶式刀具与图1的一样，不同处仅在于在其曲线形侧表面3上、加工着一道分开的槽17。约在此槽延长部分的中点处，有一驱动部分18，它设计得力图硬挤入一个调节用螺丝20的圆形细腰的部位19，因而，在略为拧松锁紧螺丝16之后，转动调节螺丝20、就能使嵌镶式刀具绕其中心轴微微转动，从而能对平行刀背角作细微的调整。这种调整可以用光学的方法或用所谓的千分尺来监测。
嵌镶刀具用的凹坑最好拥有两个侧面支承区21A，21B，在这两个区的下部、与底部支承面相接壤的地方、倒着内圆角。这两个侧面支承区的曲率与嵌镶式刀具侧表面3的曲率基本相同，它们对刀具而言，起了一个支撑岸墩的作用。当嵌镶式刀具紧靠在支承区21A，21B上时，刀具上孔的中心轴离该两支承区的距离应制作得略大于夹具上孔22的中心轴离该两支承区的距离。按本发明来设计，此距离（或曰这一偏心距）可由下述事实来保持其为常数，即本嵌镶式刀具是将其圆柱形侧表面3紧靠在两个侧面支承区（21A与21B）上。当把嵌镶式刀具的这些支承面压入嵌镶用凹坑、并确保刀具定位准确而稳定时，上述偏心度对于优良性能的获得是至关重要的。藉助于上述偏心度，当把锁紧螺丝16拧紧时，就能在该嵌镶式刀具与该侧面支承区之间产生一个稳定不变的压紧压力。
藉助于上面介绍的那种结构，就能优化平行刀背角以在材料（例如铝）上铣出极光滑的表面。

Claims (3)

1、嵌镶式刀具，它含有一个上切削表面(1)，一个与上表面基本平行的底面，以及若干个界于上表面与底面之间侧表面(3，4，5，6，7)；其特征在于：刀具侧表面的大约 3/4 基本上是圆形的，而其余的侧表面包含有两个大体上互相垂直的侧面(4，5)，侧面(4，5)中的一个侧面的一部份在邻近它们之间的拐角处，形成了一个平行刀背(6)，而这部分是倾斜的，从而与上述该两侧面均成钝角。
2、按权利要求1所述的刀具，其特征是在平行刀背（6）与两侧面中的一个侧面（4）之间的拐角上，具有一个加强斜面（7）。
3、按权利要求1所述的刀具，其特征是：构成平行刀背（6）侧表面的部分占该侧面（5）的原始全长的20%到40%之间。
CN94190317A 1993-05-26 1994-05-25 圆形的嵌镶式刀头 Expired - Fee Related CN1047974C (zh)

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CN107538020A (zh) * 2017-09-30 2018-01-05 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司 一种具有准确定位结构的圆形切削刀片及切削刀具

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DE69412133T2 (de) 1998-12-03
CN1047974C (zh) 2000-01-05
KR100292969B1 (ko) 2001-09-17
KR950702462A (ko) 1995-07-29
EP0734301B1 (en) 1998-07-29
PL307235A1 (en) 1995-05-15
US5536119A (en) 1996-07-16
SE9301790D0 (sv) 1993-05-26
CA2139860A1 (en) 1994-12-08
ES2120048T3 (es) 1998-10-16
SE508387C2 (sv) 1998-10-05
PL173431B1 (pl) 1998-03-31
DE69412133D1 (de) 1998-09-03
JPH07509412A (ja) 1995-10-19
EP0734301A1 (en) 1996-10-02
RU2114721C1 (ru) 1998-07-10
WO1994027774A1 (en) 1994-12-08
RU95106498A (ru) 1996-12-10
SE9301790L (sv) 1994-11-27

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