CN110881430B - Alkalization domestication method for penaeus vannamei boone - Google Patents
Alkalization domestication method for penaeus vannamei boone Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses an alkalization domestication method for penaeus vannamei boone, which comprises the following steps: 1) And (5) shrimp larvae are put into a pool: putting the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings into shrimp pond water, wherein the temperature of the pond water is 22-35 ℃, and the salinity is 15-20 per mill; 2) Alkalizing shrimp larvae: a. feeding the shrimp larvae on the day when the shrimp larvae leave the pond; fresh water is added every day from day 2, and the salt concentration is gradually reduced; b. adding high-concentration alkali water into fresh water from day 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, and gradually increasing the concentration of the shrimp pond alkali water; on the 20 th day, the water salinity in the pool is 0.8-1.5 per mill, and the alkalinity is 550-650 ppm; 3) Shrimp larvae out of the pool: when the shrimp larvae grow to 2-2.5 cm, taking out from the pool; the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone larvae after alkalization in water with higher alkalinity (350-650 ppm) reaches about 64%, and the survival rate is improved by about 43 times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to an alkalization domestication method for penaeus vannamei boone.
Background
Penaeus vannamei (Penaeus vannamei) is known as Penaeus vannamei (White leg shramp) or Penaeus vannamei (White shramp), and is translated into Penaeus vannamei, which belongs to the phylum Arthropoda, the class crustacea, the class of Soft-shelled, the order of the Odona, the order of the swimming subgenera, the family of the Paecilomyces, the genus of the prawn and the genus of the Litopenaeus. The normal body color of the penaeus vannamei is light grey, the whole body is free of speckles, and the feet are usually chalky, so the penaeus vannamei is called. The shrimp species are mainly distributed in tropical water areas on the Pacific coast in the western americas, are distributed from the gulf of mexico to the middle part of Peruvian, are more concentrated in the sea area near the Euador, are one of three excellent varieties with the highest world culture yield, and are shrimp species with the highest single yield in the three large culture shrimps. The penaeus vannamei has rich nutrition, delicious taste, can be used for cooking various delicacies and making various leisure and flavor foods, contains rich proteins, contains rich microelements such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, iodine and the like and functional components such as vitamin A, chitin and the like which are beneficial to human health, and is a high-quality and high-efficiency food for promoting human health and longevity.
The natural habitat of the penaeus vannamei boone is a muddy sea bottom, and the water depth is 0-72 m; the application range of the salinity is very wide, adult shrimps can normally live in a water area with the salinity of 0.5-40 per mill, and the salinity allowable range of 2-7cm juvenile shrimps is 0.5-78 per mill; can survive in water with water temperature of 6-40 deg.c, growth water temperature of 15-38 deg.c and optimal growth water temperature of 22-35 deg.c; the tolerance limit for high temperature is 43.5 ℃ (gradual change amplitude), the adaptability to low temperature is poor, the ingestion activity is affected when the water temperature is lower than 18 ℃, and the water bottom is on the side below 9 ℃; the dissolved oxygen amount is required to be more than 5mg/L in normal growth, and the lowest tolerable dissolved oxygen amount is 1.2mg/L; the survival time from water is long, and the long-distance transportation can be realized; the pH normally adapted is 7.0-8.5. Under the cultivation condition, the seedlings generally rest on the bottom of the pond in the daytime, the seedlings move frequently after twilight, the protein ratio in the baits is preferably 28-32%, and the seedlings can grow into adults after being cultivated for more than 100 days, and the body length can reach 24cm.
As the penaeus vannamei boone has strong adaptability and wide application range to salinity, the penaeus vannamei boone has strong environment-adaptive plasticity in the offspring stage. After the penaeus vannamei is bred in the sea water, the penaeus vannamei can continue to develop and grow in the sea water, or the penaeus vannamei can grow in the salty fresh water and the fresh water after the offspring stage is desalted. As the culture benefit of the penaeus vannamei boone is extremely high, the culture benefit is 3-5 times of that of common fishes in general. Therefore, the hot tide of the cultured penaeus vannamei boone is raised in China, and the current culture yield of China reaches about 200 ten thousand tons per year. The main technology of the inland cultivation of the penaeus vannamei boone is to make use of the extremely strong environmental adaptability of the penaeus vannamei boone in the offspring stage, and to shape the penaeus vannamei boone offspring in low salinity environment adaptability, namely the standard crude desalination in the industry. Since the penaeus vannamei is bred in 33-35 per mill of seawater, the penaeus vannamei is subjected to adaptive domestication in the freshwater environment in order to adapt to the growth of the freshwater environment. Under the general condition, temporarily raising shrimp larvae with the body length of 0.3-0.7cm in a greenhouse, a nylon greenhouse, an idle small pond or a corner of a culture pond for 10-20 days, and feeding special desalinated standard coarse shrimp slice feed during the period to ensure that the shrimp larvae are more than 1.0-2.0 cm; meanwhile, the pool water salinity of the standard coarse temporary culture pool is adjusted according to the pool water salinity of the seedling feeding field, and then the pool water salinity is gradually desalted, wherein the salinity reduced every day is not more than 1 per mill until the pool water salinity is similar to the salinity of the water of the culture pool. By the method, the survival rate of the young shrimps can reach more than 80%, the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone cultured in a fresh water environment is greatly improved, and the penaeus vannamei boone cultured and produced in inland fresh water areas is realized, so that the purposes of increasing income and increasing efficiency are achieved. As the technology is mature, the cultivation of the penaeus vannamei boone in China is continuously developed from coastal to inland.
The water quality is fresh and pollution-free, and the method is very suitable for developing the cultivation of the penaeus vannamei boone. However, most of the cultivation water areas in Jilin province are alkaline water bodies, the alkalinity of the water bodies is very strong, the alkalinity of the water bodies generally reaches 300-700ppm, and the highest alkalinity can reach more than 800 ppm. While penaeus vannamei boone is generally adapted to an alkalinity of 80-150ppm. The tests of culturing penaeus vannamei boone in a high-alkalinity pond in the early stage fail due to the too high alkalinity. In 2016-2017, the standard and roughly desalted penaeus vannamei boone seedlings are continuously put in 8 cultivation points with the alkalinity of 350-650ppm in the rural an county of Jilin province for cultivation, the average survival rate is less than 1.5%, the highest survival rate is 3%, and the lowest survival rate is 0%.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the prior penaeus vannamei boone is not suitable for alkaline water environment, and provides a domestication method for adapting the penaeus vannamei boone to alkaline environment.
An alkalization domestication method for penaeus vannamei, which comprises the following steps:
1) And (5) shrimp larvae are put into a pool: putting the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings into shrimp pond water, wherein the temperature of the pond water is 22-35 ℃, and the salinity is 15-20 per mill;
2) Alkalizing shrimp larvae:
a. feeding the shrimp larvae on the day when the shrimp larvae leave the pond; fresh water is added every day from day 2, and the salt concentration is gradually reduced;
b. adding high-concentration alkali water into fresh water from day 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, and gradually increasing the concentration of the shrimp pond alkali water; on the 20 th day, the water salinity in the pool is 0.8-1.5 per mill, and the alkalinity is 550-650 ppm;
3) Shrimp larvae out of the pool: when the shrimp larvae grow to 2-2.5 cm, taking out from the pool;
the high-concentration alkaline water is the alkaline water of natural alkaline water bubbles in commercial shrimp culture areas, and the alkalinity is more than 800 ppm;
during the alkalization, maintaining the water temperature at 27-31 ℃, and dissolving oxygen at more than 6 mg/L and ammonia nitrogen at less than 0.1 mg/L;
the water salinity of the pond reaches 1 per mill and the alkalinity reaches 600ppm on the 20 th day;
adding high-concentration alkaline water into fresh water from the 10 th day in the step 2 b);
the feed in the step 2) is artemia larvae, powdery shrimp slices or artificial compound feed;
and (3) putting 4-5 ten thousand of penaeus vannamei boone seedlings in each cubic water body in the stocking density in the step (1).
A method for culturing penaeus vannamei boone in alkaline water comprises the following steps:
1) Alkalization and domestication: the penaeus vannamei boone alkalization domestication method is adopted to domesticate penaeus vannamei boone seedlings;
2) Preparing a culture pond: selecting a pond with a flat topography, removing excessive silt through insolation in winter, retaining silt with the thickness of 10-20cm, and sterilizing; alkaline water is added to the depth of 45-55 cm, and organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are applied to cultivate basic bait organisms, so that the water is yellow green or brown;
3) And (5) stocking shrimp fries: putting the shrimp larvae domesticated in the step 1) into the culture pond in the step 2), wherein the stocking density is 3-4 ten thousand tails/mu;
4) Feeding: feeding 2 times a day in the early stage of cultivation, 3 times a day in the middle stage of cultivation, and 4 times a day in the later stage of cultivation, wherein the feeding amounts in the early, middle and later days are respectively 6-10%, 5-8% and 3-6% of the total weight of the shrimps;
5) And (3) water quality adjustment: controlling the transparency, the PH value and/or the water color of the water body by topdressing, water changing or quick lime application;
6) Disease control:
the prevention method comprises the following steps: the dibromo hydantoin compound disinfectant is used for 1 time every 10-15 days, the water consumption per cubic meter is 0.1 gram, and the water is uniformly sprayed in a water dissolving whole pool;
the treatment method comprises the following steps: the dibromohydantoin compound disinfectant is used for 1 time, the water consumption per cubic meter is 0.2 g, and if the illness state is serious, the water is replaced for 1 time every 2 days, and the water consumption per cubic meter is 0.1 g;
the feeding amount of the front, middle and later days is 8.1 percent, 6.8 percent and 4-5 percent of the total weight of the shrimps respectively;
the transparency of the water body in the step 5) is controlled to be 25-35 cm in the early stage of cultivation, and is controlled to be 35-45 cm in the later stage.
The invention provides an alkalization domestication method for penaeus vannamei boone, which comprises the following steps: 1) And (5) shrimp larvae are put into a pool: putting the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings into shrimp pond water, wherein the temperature of the pond water is 22-35 ℃, and the salinity is 15-20 per mill; 2) Alkalizing shrimp larvae: a. feeding the shrimp larvae on the day when the shrimp larvae leave the pond; fresh water is added every day from day 2, and the salt concentration is gradually reduced; b. adding high-concentration alkali water into fresh water from day 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, and gradually increasing the concentration of the shrimp pond alkali water; on the 20 th day, the water salinity in the pool is 0.8-1.5 per mill, and the alkalinity is 550-650 ppm; 3) Shrimp larvae out of the pool: when the shrimp larvae grow to 2-2.5 cm, taking out from the pool; the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone larvae after alkalization in water with higher alkalinity (350-650 ppm) reaches about 64%, and the survival rate is improved by about 43 times.
Description of the embodiments
Example 1 method for desalting and alkalifying Penaeus vannamei Boone and adult Penaeus vannamei Boone culture
1. Alkalization of penaeus vannamei boone young prawn
1. Pond conditions
The size of the desalting and alkalizing pond depends on the seedling amount and the standard thickness time. Cement ponds in the greenhouse, cement ponds in the nylon greenhouse, small ponds, idle small ponds or one corner of a culture pond and the like;
2. condition preparation
Beginning to prepare before seedling feeding in the middle ten days of 5 months every year; heating pipes, aeration pipes and other heating and inflating facilities are arranged in the alkalization tank, and a water inlet and drainage system is perfected;
the high-alkalinity alkaline water (the alkalinity is more than 800 ppm) is used for desalting and alkalizing the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings from the natural alkaline water in the commercial penaeus vannamei boone culture area; fresh water for desalination is prepared;
3. disinfection treatment
1) Fresh water disinfection: sterilization using trichloroisocyanuric acid 20 mg/L;
2) Workshop disinfection: before seedling feeding, povidone iodine is added with detergent for mixed flushing;
3) And (3) disinfecting a tool: thoroughly brushing and sterilizing all tools by using potassium permanganate;
4. preparation of seedlings
And (5) the salinity of the shrimp larvae is communicated with the seedling inlet trench in advance. The salinity in the seedling raising pond is regulated from 28-35 permillage to 15-20 permillage, but cannot be lower than 15 permillage by a 'shower method' after the young shrimps reach 8 days old, because the young shrimps have very low transportation survival rate when the salinity is lower than 15 permillage, especially long-distance transportation; in general, in the first 1-2 days of seedling grafting, the salinity of a cement pond for preparing the alkalized penaeus vannamei boone seedlings is adjusted to 15-20 per mill, namely the salinity is consistent with the salinity of the prepared penaeus vannamei boone seedlings; the equipment of the three systems of power supply, water supply and air supply (oxygenation) are carefully checked, so that the normal operation of the equipment in the period of shrimp larvae desalination and alkalization is ensured; the artemia larvae are cultivated in advance one day, so that enough artemia larvae can be fed to the shrimp larvae after the shrimp larvae are put into the standard coarse pond;
5. shrimp larvae pool
Firstly, randomly taking out a plurality of tail shrimp seedlings from a shrimp seedling pool to be purchased, and carefully checking the quality of the tail shrimp seedlings by naked eyes and a microscope. The shrimp larvae multiplied by the mass are as follows: the seedling body is not deformed, the appendage is complete, the body surface is smooth, the specification is neat, the edges of the head and chest armor are not rolled up, the eyes are clear and symmetrical, the tail fan is opened, the muscles are full and active, the reaction to external stimulus is very quick, and the seedling body has water ejection swimming (water inversion) and wall sticking behaviors, and can jump when being placed on the palm; in addition, the specific gravity of the pool water (usually the specific gravity of the pool water is about 1.015 when seedlings emerge, namely the salinity is about 20 per mill), the pH value, ammonia nitrogen and the like are measured and recorded;
at the beginning of 6 months each year, the shrimp larvae are firstly put into a desalting and alkalizing pond after being transported back, then the bags are gently turned by the left hand, and meanwhile, the bags are evenly 'poured' by the ladle splashing pond water by the right hand; later, a large plastic basin is placed on the water surface of the standard coarse pond, a small amount of pond water is filled, then a shrimp seedling bag opening is opened, and when shrimp seedlings are slowly poured into the basin along with the water, the basin water is slightly rotated by a ladle; for a while, one side of the basin is slowly lifted up and the shrimp larvae slowly flow into the pond water. After the shrimp larvae are put into the pond, the oxygenation amount should be moderately increased in time;
stocking density: shrimp larvae with a body length of 0.6-0.7cm are usually thrown into 4-5 ten thousand larvae per cubic water body.
6. Shrimp larvae alkalization
1) Feeding: the shrimp larvae can be fed with the feed after about one hour. The practice proves that artemia larvae, shrimp slices (powder), artificial compound feed and the like are the most ideal feed for shrimp larvae desalination and alkalization.
2) Alkalization: fresh water is added every morning from the next day after shrimp larvae leave the pond, so that the water salinity of the pond is reduced by about 1 per mill on average every day; adding alkaline water every morning from day 10, and increasing the salinity of the pool water by about 50ppm every day while reducing the salinity of the pool water by about 1 per mill every day; after about 20 days, the salinity of the pool water is reduced to about 1 per mill, and the alkalinity is improved to about 600ppm;
physical and chemical factor requirements for pond water during shrimp larva desalination and alkalization are as follows: the water temperature is 27-31 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6 mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.1 mg/L.
7. Shrimp larvae out of pool
After scientific feeding and careful management of shrimp fries with the body length of 0.6-0.7cm in the last ten days of 6 months each year, the desalination and alkalization survival rate is over 80 percent, and the body length reaches about 2cm, and the shrimp fries are put into a pond for cultivation at the moment;
2. penaeus vannamei Boone adult shrimp culture
1. Cultivation technique
1) Pond preparation
Selecting a culture pond with flat topography, fresh water quality and no pollution; at the same time, there should be a sufficient power supply; the bottom of the pool is required to be flat, and the sludge cannot be too thick; the pond for culturing the penaeus vannamei boone needs to be insolated in winter, and excessive silt should be removed from the old pond, so that the thickness of the silt is 10-20cm. About 15 days before shrimp placement, the shrimps are disinfected by using 50-70 kg of quicklime or 8 kg of bleaching powder per mu of pond;
and (3) after the pond is cleared and about 10 days before seedling placement, water is fed for 50 cm, and organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are applied to culture basic bait organisms, so that the water is yellow green or brown.
2) Shrimp larvae stocking
The method comprises the steps of (1) putting desalted and alkalified penaeus vannamei boone seedlings into a pond filled with water in the last ten days of 6 months each year, and keeping the density of 3-4 ten thousand tails/mu in a intensive pond; the shrimp larvae are required to be strong and active, have slender body joints, uniform size, clean body surface, full muscles, full intestinal tracts, sensitive response to external stimulus, obvious directivity during swimming, large body transparency and no focus on the whole body.
3) Normally feeding
Feeding for 2 times a day in the early stage of cultivation, namely 8 hours and 20 hours; feeding 3 times a day in the middle culture period, namely 8 hours, 19 hours and 23 hours; feeding is carried out for 4 times a day in the later period of cultivation, namely 7 hours, 12 hours, 19 hours and 0 hours. The feeding amount of the shrimps in the early period is 8.1 percent of the total weight of the shrimps, the middle period is 6.8 percent, and the later period is 4-5 percent. When feeding, the feed is evenly sprayed on the pond edge, and the feeding amount at night accounts for 50% of the total daily feeding amount.
4) Water quality regulation
The ideal water color of the penaeus vannamei boone pond is yellow green or tawny formed by green algae or diatoms; in the early stage of cultivation, the transparency is controlled to be about 30 cm, and in the later stage, the transparency is controlled to be about 40 cm; applying nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in proportion in the pond during cultivation, applying organic fertilizer in the early stage of the thin pond, wherein the additional fertilizer amount is flexibly mastered according to transparency, PH value, water color and the like of the pond water body, and the additional fertilizer amount is 25 kg per mu once per week; in the middle and later period of cultivation, residual baits and the excrement of shrimps are increased, and at the moment, proper water change or a certain quicklime application is adopted to control the water quality.
5) Disease control
Once the disease of the penaeus vannamei is developed, the penaeus vannamei is difficult to cure and the penaeus vannamei should be prevented;
the prevention method comprises the following steps: the dibromo hydantoin compound disinfectant is used for 1 time every 10-15 days, the water consumption per cubic meter is 0.1 gram, and the water is uniformly sprayed in a water dissolving whole pool;
the treatment method comprises the following steps: the dibromo hydantoin compound disinfectant is used for 1 time, the water consumption per cubic meter is 0.2 g, and if the illness state is serious, the water is replaced for 1 time every 2 days, and the water consumption per cubic meter is 0.1 g.
2. Daily management
The pond is patrolled three times in the morning, evening and midnight every day, and whether the water color changes and the shrimp has floating head phenomenon is observed; the method adopts two methods of light observation and net fishing inspection to inspect the activity condition and growth condition of the prawns, if abnormality occurs, the bait feeding amount is regulated, and the floating head is found to start the aerator.
3. Cultivation result
The yield of the penaeus vannamei boone per mu by the method is about 250 kg, the yield of the penaeus vannamei boone per mu is about 15000 yuan, and the profit of the penaeus vannamei boone per mu is about 10000 yuan.
Example 2 cultivation example of Penaeus vannamei Boone
In 2018-2019, the penaeus vannamei boone larvae are alkalized in a quality safety detection center of a vinca aquatic product, and then the alkalized penaeus vannamei boone larvae are put into 8 cultivation points of the penaeus vannamei boone, the alkalinity of which is 350-650ppm in the county of nong' an, and the once-tried penaeus vannamei boone larvae are cultivated, wherein the average cultivation survival rate reaches 64%, the highest 76% and the lowest 50%. Greatly improves the survival rate of the culture and achieves the purposes of increasing the yield and improving the efficiency of the culture production.
1. Alkalization of penaeus vannamei boone young prawn
1. Condition preparation
Pre-emergence preparation begins in the middle of 5 months each year. The alkalization place is a stocking base in the quality safety detection center of the vinca aquatic products, the stocking base is provided with 8 indoor cement pools, and the pool specification is 4 m multiplied by 2.5 m multiplied by 2.2 m.
And selecting the cement ponds No. 1 and No. 2 as alkalizing ponds. The alkalization pool is provided with heating pipes, aeration pipes, heating and inflating facilities and the like. A water inlet system (alkaline water and fresh water) and a water discharge system; the No. 3 pool and the No. 4 pool are used as standby alkaline water pools, and the alkaline water is alkaline water with the alkalinity of 810ppm which is soaked and pulled by natural alkaline water of agricultural An Mou; the No. 5 pool and the No. 6 pool are used as spare fresh water pools, and the pool is provided with 1 mouth of an open-air fresh water storage pool, the pool area is 665 square meters, and the depth is about 1.5 m.
2. Disinfection treatment
Fresh water disinfection: sterilization using trichloroisocyanuric acid 20 mg/L;
workshop disinfection: before seedling feeding, povidone iodine is added with detergent for mixed flushing;
and (3) disinfecting a tool: all tools are thoroughly washed and disinfected by potassium permanganate.
3. Preparation of seedlings
In the first 2 days of seedling grafting, the salinity of the cement pond for preparing the alkalized penaeus vannamei boone seedlings is adjusted to 20 per mill, namely the salinity is consistent with the salinity of the prepared penaeus vannamei boone seedlings.
The equipment of the three systems of power supply, water supply and air supply (oxygenation) are carefully checked, so that the normal operation of the equipment in the period of shrimp larvae desalination and alkalization is ensured; the artemia larvae are cultivated in advance one day, so that enough artemia larvae can be fed to the shrimp larvae after the shrimp larvae are put into the standard coarse pond.
4. Selecting shrimp larvae
Firstly, randomly taking out a plurality of tail shrimp seedlings from a shrimp seedling pool to be purchased, and carefully checking the quality of the tail shrimp seedlings by naked eyes and a microscope. The shrimp larvae multiplied by the mass are as follows: the seedling body is not deformed, the appendage is complete, the body surface is smooth, the specification is neat, the edges of the head and chest armor are not rolled up, the eyes are clear and symmetrical, the tail fan is opened, the muscles are full and active, the reaction to external stimulus is very quick, and the seedling body has water ejection swimming (water inversion) and wall sticking behaviors, and can jump when being placed on the palm; in addition, the specific gravity of the pool water (usually the specific gravity of the pool water is about 1.015 when seedlings emerge, namely, the salinity is about 20 per mill), the pH value, ammonia nitrogen and the like are measured and recorded.
5. Shrimp larvae pool
At the beginning of 6 months each year, the shrimp larvae are put into a desalting and alkalizing pond firstly after being transported back, then the bags are turned gently by the left hand, and meanwhile, the bags are evenly 'poured' by the ladle splashing pond water by the right hand. Later, a large plastic basin is placed on the water surface of the standard coarse pond, a small amount of pond water is filled, then a shrimp seedling bag opening is opened, and when shrimp seedlings are slowly poured into the basin along with the water, the basin water is slightly rotated by a ladle; for a while, one side of the basin is slowly lifted up and the shrimp larvae slowly flow into the pond water. After the shrimp larvae are put into the pond, the oxygenation amount should be moderately increased in time;
stocking density: shrimp larvae with a body length of 0.6-0.7cm are usually thrown into 4-5 ten thousand larvae per cubic water body.
6. Shrimp larvae alkalization
1) Feeding with a feeder
And feeding the shrimp larvae after about one hour of feeding the shrimp larvae into the pond. Artemia larvae, shrimp slices (powder), artificial compound feed and the like are used as feed for desalting and alkalizing shrimp larvae;
2) Alkalization
Fresh water is added every morning from the next day after shrimp larvae leave the pond, so that the water salinity of the pond is reduced by about 1 per mill on average every day. Adding alkaline water every morning from 10 days on the ground, and increasing the salinity of the pool water by about 50ppm every day while reducing the salinity of the pool water by about 1 per mill every day; after about 20 days, the salinity of the pool water is reduced to about 1 per mill, and the alkalinity is improved to about 600ppm; physical and chemical factor requirements for pond water during shrimp larva desalination and alkalization are as follows: the water temperature is 27-31 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6 mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.1 mg/L;
3) Shrimp larvae out of pool
The shrimp fries with the body length of 0.6-0.7cm are scientifically fed and carefully managed for about 20 days in the last ten days of 6 months each year, and the desalination and alkalization survival rate is over 80 percent, and the body length is about 2 cm. At this time, the plant is put into a pond for cultivation.
2. Penaeus vannamei Boone adult shrimp culture
1. Cultivation technique
1) Pond preparation
The culture pond with flat topography, fresh water quality and no pollution is selected. At the same time, there should be a sufficient power supply. The bottom of the pool is required to be flat, and the sludge cannot be too thick; the pond for culturing the penaeus vannamei boone needs to be insolated in winter, and excessive silt should be removed from the old pond, so that the thickness of the silt is 10-20cm. About 15 days before shrimp placement, the shrimps are disinfected by using 50-70 kg of quicklime or 8 kg of bleaching powder per mu of pond; after the pond is cleared to about 10 days before seedling placement, water is fed for 50 cm, and organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are applied to culture basic bait organisms, so that the water is yellow green or brown;
2) Shrimp larvae stocking
The method comprises the steps of (1) putting desalted and alkalified penaeus vannamei boone seedlings into a pond filled with water in the last ten days of 6 months each year, and keeping the density of 3-4 ten thousand tails/mu in a intensive pond;
the shrimp larvae are required to be strong and active, have slender body joints, uniform size, clean body surface, full muscles, full intestinal tracts, sensitive response to external stimulus, obvious directivity during swimming, large body transparency and no focus on the whole body;
3) Normally feeding
Feeding for 2 times a day in the early stage of cultivation, namely 8 hours and 20 hours; feeding 3 times a day in the middle culture period, namely 8 hours, 19 hours and 23 hours; feeding is carried out for 4 times a day in the later period of cultivation, namely 7 hours, 12 hours, 19 hours and 0 hours. The feeding amount of the shrimps in the early period is 8.1 percent of the total weight of the shrimps, the middle period is 6.8 percent, and the later period is 4-5 percent; during feeding, the water is evenly sprayed on the pond edge, and the feeding amount at night accounts for 50% of the total daily feeding amount;
4) Water quality regulation
The ideal water color of the penaeus vannamei boone pond is yellow green or tawny formed by green algae or diatoms; in the early stage of cultivation, the transparency is controlled to be about 30 cm, and in the later stage, the transparency is controlled to be about 40 cm; applying nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in proportion in the pond during cultivation, applying organic fertilizer in the early stage of the thin pond, wherein the additional fertilizer amount is flexibly mastered according to transparency, PH value, water color and the like of the pond water body, and the additional fertilizer amount is 25 kg per mu once per week; in the middle and later period of cultivation, residual baits and the excrement of shrimps are increased, and at the moment, proper water change or a certain quicklime is adopted to control the water quality;
5) Disease control
Once the disease of the penaeus vannamei is developed, the penaeus vannamei is difficult to cure and the penaeus vannamei should be prevented;
the prevention method comprises the following steps: the dibromo hydantoin compound disinfectant is used for 1 time every 10-15 days, the water consumption per cubic meter is 0.1 gram, and the water is uniformly sprayed in a water dissolving whole pool;
the treatment method comprises the following steps: the dibromohydantoin compound disinfectant is used for 1 time, the water consumption per cubic meter is 0.2 g, and if the illness state is serious, the water is replaced for 1 time every 2 days, and the water consumption per cubic meter is 0.1 g;
2. daily management
And (3) observing whether the water color changes and the prawns float or not after the pond is patrolled three times in the morning, evening and midnight every day. The method adopts two methods of light observation and net fishing inspection to inspect the activity condition and growth condition of the prawns, if abnormality occurs, the bait feeding amount is regulated, and the floating head is found to start the aerator.
3. Cultivation result
The yield of the penaeus vannamei boone per mu by the method is about 250 kg, the yield of the penaeus vannamei boone per mu is about 15000 yuan, and the profit of the penaeus vannamei boone per mu is about 10000 yuan.
The statistics of the culture results before and after the alkalization of the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings are as follows:
as can be seen from the statistical results, the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings which are not alkalized in the water body with higher alkalinity (350-650 ppm) is about 1.5%, the survival rate is very low, and the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings can not be basically cultivated. The survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone larvae after alkalization in water with higher alkalinity (350-650 ppm) reaches about 64%, and the survival rate is improved by about 43 times.
Therefore, the invention is considered to be very obvious in improving the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone in the high-alkalinity water body, and the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings after alkalization can be completely cultured in the water body with higher alkalinity, and the benefit is very considerable.
Claims (8)
1. An alkalization domestication method for penaeus vannamei, which comprises the following steps:
1) And (5) shrimp larvae are put into a pool: putting the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings into shrimp pond water, wherein the temperature of the pond water is 22-35 ℃, and the salinity is 15-20 per mill;
2) Alkalizing shrimp larvae:
a. feeding the shrimp larvae on the day when the shrimp larvae leave the pond; fresh water is added every day from day 2, and the salt concentration is gradually reduced;
b. from day 10, adding high-concentration alkali water into the fresh water to gradually increase the concentration of the shrimp pond alkali water; on the 20 th day, the water salinity in the pool is 0.8-1.5 per mill, and the alkalinity is 550-650 ppm;
3) Shrimp larvae out of the pool: when the shrimp larvae grow to 2-2.5 cm, taking out from the pool;
the high-concentration alkaline water is the alkaline water of natural alkaline water bubbles in commercial shrimp culture areas, and the alkalinity is more than 800 ppm.
2. The method for alkalization and domestication of penaeus vannamei boone according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: during the alkalization, the water temperature is kept at 27-31 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 6 mg/L and the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.1 mg/L.
3. The method for alkalization and domestication of penaeus vannamei according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the water salinity of the pond reaches 1 per mill and the alkalinity reaches 600ppm on the 20 th day.
4. The method for alkalization and domestication of penaeus vannamei boone as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the feed in the step 2) is artemia larvae, powdery shrimp slices or artificial compound feed.
5. The method for alkalization and domestication of penaeus vannamei boone as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that: and (3) putting 4-5 ten thousand of penaeus vannamei boone seedlings in each cubic water body in the stocking density in the step (1).
6. A method for culturing penaeus vannamei boone in alkaline water comprises the following steps:
1) Alkalization and domestication: domesticating the penaeus vannamei boone larvae by using the penaeus vannamei boone alkalization domestication method of claim 1;
2) Preparing a culture pond: selecting a pond with a flat topography, removing excessive silt through insolation in winter, retaining silt with the thickness of 10-20cm, and sterilizing; alkaline water is added to the depth of 45-55 cm, and organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are applied to cultivate basic bait organisms, so that the water is yellow green or brown;
the alkalinity of the alkaline water is 350-650 ppm;
3) And (5) stocking shrimp fries: putting the shrimp larvae domesticated in the step 1) into the culture pond in the step 2), wherein the stocking density is 3-4 ten thousand tails/mu;
4) Feeding: feeding 2 times a day in the early stage of cultivation, 3 times a day in the middle stage of cultivation, and 4 times a day in the later stage of cultivation, wherein the feeding amounts in the early, middle and later days are respectively 6-10%, 5-8% and 3-6% of the total weight of the shrimps;
5) And (3) water quality adjustment: controlling the transparency, the PH value and/or the water color of the water body by topdressing, water changing or quick lime application;
6) Disease control:
the prevention method comprises the following steps: the dibromo hydantoin compound disinfectant is used for 1 time every 10-15 days, the water consumption per cubic meter is 0.1 gram, and the water is uniformly sprayed in a water dissolving whole pool;
the treatment method comprises the following steps: the dibromo hydantoin compound disinfectant is used for 1 time, the water consumption per cubic meter is 0.2 g, and if the illness state is serious, the water is replaced for 1 time every 2 days, and the water consumption per cubic meter is 0.1 g.
7. The method for culturing penaeus vannamei boone in alkaline water as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and step 4), the feeding amount of the shrimps in the front, middle and later days is 8.1%, 6.8% and 4-5% of the total weight of the shrimps respectively.
8. The method for culturing penaeus vannamei boone in alkaline water as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the transparency of the water body in the step 5) is controlled to be 25-35 cm in the early stage of cultivation, and is controlled to be 35-45 cm in the later stage.
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