CN108834970B - Saline-alkali water quality domestication method for shrimp seedlings of litopenaeus vannamei - Google Patents
Saline-alkali water quality domestication method for shrimp seedlings of litopenaeus vannamei Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bicarbonate Substances [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for domesticating saline-alkali water quality of shrimp seedlings of litopenaeus vannamei, which comprises the following steps: detecting the saline-alkali water quality for the cultivation, putting the litopenaeus vannamei fry into a fry domestication pond, sequentially performing salinity domestication, ion domestication and water quality domestication as required, stabilizing, and putting the litopenaeus vannamei fry into the saline-alkali water quality of the cultivation pond. The invention reduces the influence of salinity and main ion stress on the prawn fries, thereby improving the survival rate of the prawn fries in the pond.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for domesticating the saline-alkali water quality of young litopenaeus vannamei.
Background
The Litopenaeus vannamei is a main prawn culture variety in China, and becomes a supporting industry for aquaculture, particularly prawn culture, in China due to wide application range to water environment, short culture period, high pond culture yield and remarkable unit economic benefit. Because the breeding diseases of the prawns in coastal areas are serious, pond culture of the prawns gradually develops inland in recent years, and waste saline-alkali water becomes a hotspot area concerned by prawns breeding personnel.
China has abundant saline water resources and is widely distributed in the northwest, the north China and the inland of the northeast China. Due to the influence of factors such as climatic conditions, human activities, soil types and the like, the saline-alkali water quality has various varieties, and the proportion of main ions of the saline-alkali water is not constant unlike seawater, so that the technical bottleneck that the survival rate of seedlings entering a pond is not high exists in the culture of the saline-alkali water prawns. Because of the insufficient understanding of saline-alkali water quality, the survival rate is very low after the desalted shrimp seedlings in the seedling raising field are directly placed into the saline-alkali pond, most of the shrimp seedlings only account for 10% -20%, and even the whole army is covered. Even if salinity acclimation is carried out, the survival rate of shrimp larvae entering a pond is only about 50 percent due to various saline-alkali water quality types and different main ion concentrations.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for domesticating the saline-alkali water quality of the litopenaeus vannamei fry, so as to overcome the defect of low survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei fry entering a saline-alkali pond in the prior art.
The invention mainly aims at the water quality characteristics of saline-alkali water, aims at improving the survival rate of litopenaeus vannamei fries in a pond, and establishes a multi-stage fry domestication method.
The invention relates to a method for domesticating saline-alkali water quality of shrimp seedlings of litopenaeus vannamei, which comprises the following steps:
(1) detecting the saline-alkali water quality for the intended breeding;
(2) when the salinity difference between the saline-alkali water for the cultivation and the water quality of the culture pond of the seedling raising field is more than 1 or the main ion concentration difference is more than 30 percent compared with the normal seawater with the same salinity, selecting high-quality litopenaeus vannamei fries, and putting the litopenaeus vannamei fries into a fry domestication pond for domestication;
(3) when the salinity difference between the saline-alkali water for the quasi-culture and the water quality of the culture pond of the seedling raising field is more than 1, performing salinity acclimation until the salinity difference is less than 1;
(4) when compared with normal seawater with the same salinity, the main ion concentration difference of the saline-alkali water quality for the cultivation exceeds 30 percent, and the litopenaeus vannamei larvae are subjected to ion acclimation until the ion concentration difference is lower than 30 percent;
(5) after the step (3) and/or the step (4), performing water quality domestication on the shrimp fries;
(6) stabilizing the domesticated water quality, and putting the stabilized Litopenaeus vannamei fry into a saline-alkali pond.
The detection object in the step (1) comprises salinity, pH and main ion concentration, wherein the main ions comprise: na (Na)+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO4 2-And HCO3 -+CO3 2-。
The saline-alkali water quality for the intended cultivation in the step (1) meets the requirement of I, II class water quality in the saline-alkali soil cultivation water standard SC/9406 one 2012 (see Table 1).
TABLE 1
Unit of total alkalinity: millimole/liter (mmol/L) converted from the determined value of total alkalinity, in milliequivalents/liter, HCO3 -+CO3 2-And (4) summing.
Selecting the litopenaeus vannamei fries in the step (2): the body color is transparent, the body is fat and strong, the body surface is smooth, and no attachment is left on the whole body; the shrimp bodies are not damaged or deformed, the intestines and the stomach are full of food, the reaction is very quick, the water-reversing capability is strong, no virus exists, the body length is 0.3-0.4cm, and the high-quality shrimp seedlings with regular specifications are obtained.
The main ion concentrations of normal seawater with the same salinity in the steps (2) and (4) are shown in the table 2.
TABLE 2 (unit: mg/L)
In the step (3), the salinity acclimation is as follows: when the salinity of the shrimp larva domestication pond water exceeds 5, the salinity can not be reduced by more than 5 every day, and 2-3 times every day.
In the step (3), the salinity acclimation is as follows: when the salinity of the shrimp larva domestication pond is not higher than 5, the salinity reduction range per day is not more than 1, and 3-5 times per day.
In the step (4), the ion acclimation is as follows: when the ion concentration of the saline-alkali water is higher than that of normal seawater with the same salinity, the ion concentration in the domestication water is increased by 10 percent (except sodium ions and chloride ions) each time, and when the ion concentration difference is less than 30 percent, ion domestication is completed.
The method for improving the ion concentration in the domestication water specifically comprises the following steps: the cation concentration is increased by adding its corresponding chloride and the anion concentration is increased by adding its corresponding sodium salt.
In the step (4), the ion acclimation is as follows: when the ion concentration of the saline-alkali water is lower than that of normal seawater with the same salinity, the ion concentration in the domestication water is reduced by adopting a mode of increasing the concentration of other ions and then diluting.
The water quality domestication in the step (5) is realized by the complex water chemistry composition of the saline-alkali water, so that the water quality acclimation needs to be further carried out.
The water quality in the step (5) is acclimatized as follows: the daily water change amount of the shrimp larva acclimation pool is not more than 50%, the water change amount of the shrimp larva acclimation pool is not more than 15%, and the water quality of the shrimp larva acclimation pool is basically the same as the saline-alkali water quality of the aquaculture pond.
The stabilizing time in the step (6) is not less than 24 h.
The invention relates to a domestication method established on the basis of saline-alkali water quality suitable for prawn culture, and prawn culture cannot be carried out by adopting the domestication method for the saline-alkali water quality unsuitable for prawn culture.
The bait feeding strategy in the domestication period of the invention is the same as that of the conventional seedling raising; the climatic conditions and the cautions during seedling release are the same as the conventional ones.
The comparison of the present invention with the prior art is as follows:
TABLE 3
Advantageous effects
In the saline-alkali water culture of Litopenaeus vannamei, the prawn fry mainly faces salinity and main ion concentration (Na)+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO4 2-、HCO3 -、CO3 2-) The method mainly utilizes the living habits of the litopenaeus vannamei and different tolerance ranges of main ions, organically combines a gradual domestication method and a staged domestication method, reduces the influence of salinity and the main ions under stress on the litopenaeus vannamei fries, and improves the survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei fries in a pond from 10-50% to over 80%.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1
(1) Detecting the saline-alkali water quality for the quasi-breeding, wherein the result is as follows;
TABLE 4 (unit: mg/L)
(2) The salinity of the shrimp seedling raising field culture pond is 25, the salinity is different from the salinity 2.5 of saline-alkali water to be cultured by more than 1, and the shrimp seedling raising field culture pond needs salinity acclimation: compared with normal seawater with the same salinity, the concentration difference of the main ions exceeds 30 percent, and the ion domestication is needed. Selecting high-quality litopenaeus vannamei fries, and putting the litopenaeus vannamei fries into a fry domestication pond.
(3) Firstly, beginning a salinity acclimation stage: adding saline water to be cultured into the domestication pond every day to reduce the salinity, wherein the salinity is reduced by 5 times every day, and the salinity is reduced to 5 after the shrimp seedlings enter the domestication pond on the 4 th day; and then adjusting the salinity reduction range every day to be 1, finishing the salinity reduction by 4 times until the salinity of the shrimp larva acclimation pool is reduced to 2.5 by 7 days, and finishing the salinity acclimation.
(4) Then entering an ion acclimation stage: preparing water for ion acclimation, adding appropriate amount of CaCl based on acclimation pond water after salinity acclimation2、MgCl2、Na2SO4、NaHCO3Increase Ca2+、Mg2+、SO4 2-、HCO3 -The concentration of main ions is equal, the increasing range is 10% each time, then the dilution is carried out, the salinity is adjusted back to 2.5, and the adjustment is carried out every dayThe concentration of whole ions is not more than 3 times, the ion domestication lasts for 5 days, the difference between the main ion concentration of the shrimp larva domestication pond water and the saline water quality for the cultivation is less than 30%, and the ion domestication is finished.
(5) And finally entering a water quality domestication stage: and (3) adding saline water for cultivation to be used into the shrimp larva domestication pond every day, wherein the water change amount is 15% of the water body of the domestication pond every time, the water change amount is not more than 50% every day, and the water quality domestication is finished after 3 days.
(6) After the water quality is domesticated, the water quality is stabilized for 24 hours, the litopenaeus vannamei fry is placed into a saline-alkali pond, and the survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei fry reaches over 80 percent.
Example 2
(1) The saline-alkali water quality for the quasi-breeding is detected, and the result is as follows,
TABLE 5 (unit: mg/L)
(2) The salinity of the shrimp seedling raising field culture pond is 28, the salinity is different from the salinity of saline-alkali water to be cultured by 1.49 and is more than 1, and the shrimp seedling raising field culture pond needs salinity acclimation: compared with normal seawater with the same salinity, the main ion concentration only has the calcium ion concentration difference of more than 30 percent, and the ion domestication is needed. Selecting high-quality litopenaeus vannamei larvae, and putting the litopenaeus vannamei larvae into a shrimp fry domestication pond.
(3) Firstly, beginning a salinity acclimation stage: adding saline water to be cultured into the domestication pond every day to reduce the salinity, wherein the salinity is reduced by 5 times every day, and the salinity of the shrimp seedling domestication pond on the 5 th day after the shrimp seedling domestication pond enters the pond can be reduced to 5; and then adjusting the salinity reduction range every day to be 1, finishing the salinity reduction by 5 times till the salinity of the shrimp larva acclimation pool is reduced to 1.5 on the 9 th day, and finishing the salinity acclimation.
(4) Then entering an ion acclimation stage: using the water in the acclimation pond as the background when the salinity acclimation is finished, adding proper amount of CaCl2Increase Ca2+The ion concentration is increased by 10% every time, the ion concentration is adjusted for 2 times every day, the ion domestication lasts for 2 days, and the difference between the main ion concentration of the shrimp larva domestication pond water and the saline water quality of the culture solution is less than30%, finishing the ion acclimation.
(5) And finally entering a water quality domestication stage: and (3) adding saline water for cultivation to be used into the shrimp larva domestication pond every day, wherein the water change amount is 15% of the water body of the domestication pond every time, the water change amount is not more than 50% every day, and the water quality domestication is finished after 3 days.
(6) After the water quality is domesticated, the water quality is stabilized for 24 hours, the litopenaeus vannamei fry is placed into a saline-alkali pond, and the survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei fry reaches over 80 percent.
Claims (4)
1. A method for domesticating saline-alkali water quality of shrimp seedlings of litopenaeus vannamei comprises the following steps:
(1) detect the saline and alkaline water quality for the preparation breed, the detection object includes salinity, pH and main ion concentration, and wherein main ion includes: na (Na)+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO4 2-And HCO3 -+CO3 2-；
(2) When the salinity difference between the saline-alkali water for the cultivation and the water quality of the culture pond of the seedling raising field is more than 1 or the concentration difference of main ions is more than 30 percent compared with normal seawater with the same salinity, putting the litopenaeus vannamei fry into a fry domestication pond for domestication;
(3) when the salinity difference of the saline-alkali water quality of the seedling raising field culture pond and the quasi-aquaculture pond is larger than 1, performing salinity acclimation until the salinity difference is smaller than 1; salinity acclimatization: when the salinity of the shrimp larva domestication pond water exceeds 5, the salinity can not be reduced by more than 5 every day, and 2-3 times every day; when the salinity of the shrimp larva domestication pond is not higher than 5, the salinity reduction range per day is not more than 1, and 3-5 times per day;
(4) when compared with normal seawater with the same salinity, the main ion concentration difference of the saline-alkali water quality of the culture pond exceeds 30 percent, and the litopenaeus vannamei larvae are subjected to ion domestication until the ion concentration difference is lower than 30 percent; the ion acclimation is as follows: when the ion concentration of the saline-alkali water is higher than that of normal seawater with the same salinity, the ion concentration of the domestication water is increased by 10 percent each time, except for sodium ions and chloride ions; when the ion concentration of the saline-alkali water is lower than that of normal seawater with the same salinity, the ion concentration in the domestication water is reduced by adopting a mode of increasing the concentration of other ions and then diluting;
(5) after the step (3) and/or the step (4), performing water quality domestication on the shrimp fries;
(6) stabilizing the domesticated water quality, and putting the stabilized Litopenaeus vannamei fry into a saline-alkali pond.
2. The acclimatization method according to claim 1, wherein the increasing of the ion concentration in the acclimatization water specifically comprises: the cation concentration is increased by adding its corresponding chloride and the anion concentration is increased by adding its corresponding sodium salt.
3. The acclimatization method according to claim 1, wherein the water acclimatization in the step (5) is: the daily water change amount of the shrimp larva acclimation pool is not more than 50%, the water change amount of the shrimp larva acclimation pool is not more than 15%, and the water quality of the shrimp larva acclimation pool is not different from the saline-alkali water quality of the aquaculture pond.
4. The acclimatization method according to claim 1, wherein the stabilization time in the step (6) is not less than 24 hours.
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| CN110426510B (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2022-09-16 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Method for evaluating alkali resistance of teleost |
| CN110278898A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-09-27 | 渤海水产股份有限公司 | A kind of method of suitable salt-soda soil cultivation litopenaeus vannamei |
| CN110839574A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-28 | 天津科技大学 | Low-salinity circulating water nutrient salt balancing method for penaeus vannamei boone culture |
| CN110881430B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2023-08-01 | 长春市水产品质量安全检测中心(长春市水产研究院、长春市水产技术推广站、长春市源水水质检测中心) | Alkalization domestication method for penaeus vannamei boone |
| CN116076411A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-05-09 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Method for culturing prawns in Tian Shuisheng state by using saline-alkali beach soil washing |
| CN116158499B (en) * | 2023-02-23 | 2024-10-29 | 渤海水产育种(海南)有限公司 | High-salinity cultivation method for indoor workshop of prawn |
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| CN108094280A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-06-01 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | The breeding method of anti-salinity fluctuation Penaeus monodon new product germline |
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