CN110878015A - 一种间苯三酚类似物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种间苯三酚类似物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110878015A CN110878015A CN201911244467.XA CN201911244467A CN110878015A CN 110878015 A CN110878015 A CN 110878015A CN 201911244467 A CN201911244467 A CN 201911244467A CN 110878015 A CN110878015 A CN 110878015A
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- phloroglucinol
- analogue
- formula
- column chromatography
- preparation
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种间苯三酚类似物及其制备方法和用途,属于医药领域。这种间苯三酚类似物结构新颖,且具有α‑葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用,可用于制备α‑葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,应用前景广阔。这种间苯三酚类似物的结构通式如下所示:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,具体而言,涉及一种间苯三酚类似物及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
α-葡萄糖苷酶能催化多糖、寡糖的1,4-糖苷键水解,将小肠内的碳水化合物分解成单糖而被肠粘膜吸收进入血液。α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂通过竞争性抑制小肠上皮绒毛膜上的糖苷酶的作用从而减少糖类的降解,延缓糖类的消化和吸收,从而有效地降低糖尿病人餐后血糖浓度的峰值,达到控制血糖的目的。现临床用的阿卡波糖、伏格列波糖和米格列醇等α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂胃肠道副作用明显,导致患者耐受性差。因此,迫切需要研发新型的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂来减轻副作用、改善病患的耐受性。
间苯三酚可通过苯环上取代基的醚化、酰化,侧链的氧化裂解等结构修饰获得丰富多样的类似物,表现出不同的生物学特性,如抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种间苯三酚类似物及其制备方法和用途,本发明提供的这种间苯三酚类似物结构新颖,且具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用,可用于制备α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,应用前景广阔。
为了实现本发明的上述目的,特采用以下技术方案:
一种间苯三酚类似物,其结构式如通式I所示:
进一步地,在本发明较佳的实施例中,上述通式I中,n=9~12,R3选自C3~C6的直链烷基。
进一步地,在本发明较佳的实施例中,上述通式I中,n=9,R3选自C6的直链烯基。
进一步地,在本发明较佳的实施例中,其为如下编号1~13所述的任一具体化合物:
一种上述间苯三酚类似物的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括:
将短药蒲桃Syzygium brachyantherum自然干燥的叶子用甲醇浸提,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,将乙酸乙酯萃取液浓缩后得到浸膏,采用色谱学分离方法分离纯化所述浸膏,得到式(I)化合物;其中,所述色谱学分离方法包括硅胶柱层析、MCI柱层析、葡聚糖Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析和反相半制备高效液相色谱。
一种上述间苯三酚类似物在制备α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂中的应用。
一种药物组合物,其活性成分包括上述间苯三酚类似物,以及药学上可接受的辅料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明提供的这种α-葡萄糖苷酶类似物结构新颖,且α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用显著,可用于制备α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,有助于糖尿病的治疗。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
第一方面,本实施方式提供一种间苯三酚类似物,其结构式如通式I所示:
进一步地,在本发明较佳的实施例中,其为如下编号1~13所述的任一具体化合物:
第二方面,本实施方式提供一种上述间苯三酚类似物的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:将短药蒲桃Syzygium brachyantherum自然干燥的叶子用甲醇浸提,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,乙酸乙酯萃取液浓缩后得到浸膏;
其中,短药蒲桃Syzygium brachyantherum由中国科学院昆明植物研究所帮助鉴定、采集。
进一步地,对原料短药蒲桃叶子的提取条件是:室温、浸泡时间4×2天;对所得浸提液进行萃取时,每种溶剂萃取4次。
步骤S2:将乙酸乙酯萃取所得浸膏,采用色谱学分离方法分离纯化所述浸膏,得到式(I)化合物;其中,所述色谱学分离方法包括硅胶柱层析、MCI柱层析、葡聚糖SephadexLH-20凝胶柱层析、反相半制备高效液相色谱。
第三方面,本实施方式提供一种上述间苯三酚类似物在制备α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂中的应用。
发明人研究表明,本实施方式提供的这13种间苯三酚类似物均具有较强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用。其中,以化合物1、2、3、6、8和9的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用最为显著。由此说明,本实施方式提供的这种间苯三酚类似物可用于制备α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,有助于糖尿病的治疗。
第四方面,本实施方式提供一种药物组合物,其活性成分包括上述间苯三酚类似物,以及药学上可接受的辅料。
所述的药物组合物含有药学上各种常用添加剂(如赋形剂等),以制成药物制剂。根据治疗目的,可将该药物组合物制成各种类型的给药单位剂型,如片剂、丸剂、粉剂、液体、混悬剂、凝胶、乳液、乳膏、颗粒剂、硬胶囊、栓剂和针剂(溶液及悬浮液,一般为注射剂)等。优选地,该药物组合物的剂型为注射剂,用于局部注射(如皮下、神经周围、关节内腔等);或者,该药物组合物的剂型为凝胶、乳液、乳膏等,可涂覆于局部;或者,该药物组合物的剂型为片剂、丸剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、硬胶囊等,通过口服给药达到麻醉或镇痛效果。
为了使片剂形式的药物组合物成形,可使用本领域任何已知的并广泛使用的赋形剂。例如,载体,如氯化钠、尿素、碳酸钙、高岭土、结晶纤维素和硅酸等;粘合剂,如水、乙醇、丙醇、明教溶液,羧甲基纤维素、紫胶、甲基纤维素和磷酸钾、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等;崩解剂,如藻酸钠、琼脂粉和海带粉、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钙、聚乙烯脱水山梨醇的脂肪酸酯、十二烷基硫酸钠、硬脂酸单甘酯等;崩解抑制剂,如甘油三硬脂酸酯、椰子油和氢化油;吸附促进剂,如季胺碱和十二烷基硫酸钠等;润湿剂,如甘油等;吸附剂,如高岭土、膨润土和胶体硅酸等;以及润滑剂,如纯净的滑石,硬脂酸盐、硼酸粉和聚乙二醇等。如果需要的话,还可以用通常的涂渍材料使片剂作为涂明胶膜片剂、肠衣片剂、涂膜片剂、双层膜片剂及多层片剂。
为了使丸剂形式的药物组合物成形,可使用本领域任何已知的并广泛使用的赋性剂,例如,载体,如椰子油、硬化植物油、高岭土和滑石等;粘合剂,如阿拉伯树胶粉、黄著胶粉、明胶和乙醇等;崩解剂,如琼脂和海带粉等。
为了使栓剂形式的药物组合物成形,可使用本领域任何已知并广泛使用的赋性剂,例如、聚乙二醇、椰子油、高级醇、高级醇的酯、明胶和半合成的甘油酯等。
为了制备针剂形式的药物组合物,可将溶液和悬浮液消毒,并最好加入适量的氯化钠或甘油等,制成与血液等渗压的针剂。在制备针剂时,也可使用本领域内任何常用的载体,例如,水、乙醇、丙二醇、乙氧基化的异硬脂醇、聚氧基化的异硬脂醇和聚乙烯脱水山梨醇的脂肪酸酯等。此外,还可加入通常的溶解剂、缓冲剂和止痛剂等。
本发明的如式(I)所示的间苯三酚类似物及其药学上可接受的盐在药物组合物中的含量无特殊限制,可在很宽的范围内进行选择,通常可为质量百分比0.1~99.9%,较佳的为质量百分比1~70%,更佳的为质量百分比1~30%。
本发明中,所述的药物组合物的给药方法没有特殊限制。可根据病人年龄、性别和其它条件及症状,选择各种剂型的制剂给药。例如,片剂、丸剂、溶液、悬浮液、乳液、颗粒剂和胶囊是口服给药;针剂可以单纯用针剂进行肌肉、皮内、皮下或腹内注射;栓剂为给药到直肠。
本发明中,可以根据服药方法、病人年龄、性别和其它条件以及症状适当地选择用药剂量。通常的给药剂量可为:约0.01~300mg药物活性成分/kg体重/天。一般来说,每个给药单位剂型可含1~200mg的药物活性成分。在不违背本领域常识的基础上,上述各优选条件,可任意组合,即得本发明各较佳实施例。
除另有说明,本发明中公开的术语和缩写具有它们标准的含义。
以下结合实施例对本发明的特征和性能作进一步的详细描述:
实施例1
化合物1~13的制备及结构鉴定:
一.制备过程:
1.植物采集
植物短药蒲桃Syzygium brachyantherum叶子采自于云南西双版纳植物园。
2.提取分离
短药蒲桃干燥叶子粉碎后用纯甲醇室温浸提4次,每次48h,将浸提液过滤后于54℃减压浓缩,得总浸膏。将总浸膏以去离子水分散,得悬浮液,过滤,滤液依次以石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇各萃取4次,减压浓缩,分别得到石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙脂萃取物和正丁醇萃取物。将乙酸乙酯萃取物(浸膏)以硅胶(100~200目)拌样,硅胶(100~200目)干法装柱,以极性递增的氯仿/甲醇混和溶剂(1:0~0:1,V/V)进行洗脱,采用TLC实时跟踪分析各流分,合并成分相似的流分,得到三个组分A~C。
组分A先经MCI(CHP 20P)(甲醇/水95:5)柱脱色,用硅胶(200~300目)柱层析,以石油醚/乙酸乙酯(10:1~1:1,V/V)梯度洗脱得到组分A–1~A–3。组分A–3经正相硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱层析(氯仿/甲醇1:1为溶剂)分离、半制备高效液相色谱纯化,得到化合物2(2.5mg)、5(4.2mg)、7(9.1mg)、8(3.2mg)、10(10.0mg)和13(2.1mg)。
组分B先经MCI(CHP 20P)(甲醇/水95:5)柱脱色,用硅胶(200~300目)柱层析,以石油醚/丙酮(20:1~1:1,V/V)梯度洗脱得到组分B–1~B–3。组分B–1经Sephadex LH-20柱层析(氯仿/甲醇1:1为溶剂)分离、半制备高效液相色谱纯化,得到化合物1(2.3mg)、9(5.0mg)、11(2.5mg)和12(2.0mg)。B–2经Sephadex LH-20柱层析(氯仿/甲醇1:1为溶剂)分离、半制备高效液相色谱纯化,得到化合物3(8.0mg)、4(1.9mg)和6(2.5mg)。
二、结构鉴定:
化合物1~13的1H和13C NMR数据如表1~3所示:
表1化合物1~5的1H和13C NMR数据(J in Hz)
a Overlapped signals were reported witho ut designatingmultiplicity.b-d Indicate that the assignmen ts may
e,f,g,h NMR data(δ)were measured at 400(100),500(125),600(150),800(200)MHz,respective.
i,j,k NMR data(δ)were measured in DMSO-d6,CD3OD,(CD3)2CO,respective.
表2化合物6~10的1H和13C NMR数据(J in Hz)
a Overlapped signals were reported without designatingmultiplicity.b-d Indicate that the assignments
e,f,g,h NMR data(δ)were measured at 400(100),500(125),600(150),800(200)MHz,respective.
i,j,k NMR data(δ)were measured in DMSO-d6,CD3OD,(CD3)2CO,respective.
表3化合物11~13的1H和13C NMR数据(J in Hz)
a Overlapped signals were reported without designatingmultiplicity.b-d Indicate that the assignments may be intermixed.
e,f,g,h NMR data(δ)were measured at 400(100),500(125),600(150),800(200)MHz,respective.
i,j,k NMR data(δ)were measured in DMSO-d6,CD3OD,(CD3)2CO,respective.
结合表1~3的核磁数据,再根据化合物1~13的高分辨质谱、紫外光谱、红外光谱、二维核磁共振等数据进行综合分析,从而确定化合物1~13的结构。
实验例证
下面结合活性实验对本发明实施例提供的13个间苯三酚类似物中的11个在α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制方面的效果进行评价。
一.实验过程:
1、初筛
实验原理:
α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂活性筛选可通过酶与其底物4-Nitrophenylα-D-glucopyranoside(PNPG,麦芽糖类似物)的体外酶促反应来检测。α-葡萄糖苷酶加入酶反应的底物后,底物被酶催化分解为对硝基苯酚(PNP)和葡萄糖。PNP是一种有色物质,在400nm左右有最大吸收,可通过酶标仪来测定,根据OD值算出样品的抑制活性。
Nitrophenylα-D-glucopyranoside和阳性对照quercetin、阿卡波糖都购买自Sigma公司。
实验方法:
将由受试化合物配制成的样品溶液(终浓度50μM)与α-葡萄糖苷酶溶液(终浓度0.025U/ml)、缓冲液、底物PNPG(终浓度1mM)按顺序加入96孔酶标板,充分混匀,设置两孔重复。同时设置不含药物的空白对照和quercetin(终浓度10μM)阳性对照。37℃孵育50min,酶标仪测定405nm处的OD值,计算得出α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制率。
抑制率(%)=(1-实验孔OD405 nm/空白孔OD405 nm)×100%
实验结果:
表1样品对α-葡萄糖苷酶酶活性的抑制率
化合物编号 | 浓度(μM) | 抑制率(%) |
1 | 50 | 99.79±0.05 |
2 | 50 | 74.45±1.86 |
3 | 50 | 98.76±0.22 |
4 | 50 | 31.78±1.25 |
5 | 50 | 27.83±1.51 |
6 | 50 | 89.61±0.61 |
8 | 50 | 94.11±1.25 |
9 | 50 | 96.77±0.01 |
10 | 50 | 2.36±3.91 |
12 | 50 | 15.41±1.23 |
13 | 50 | 20.78±1.13 |
<u>Quercetin</u>(对照) | 10 | 75.17±3.37 |
实验结果如表1所示,当样品浓度为50μm时,各化合物均对α-葡萄糖苷酶表现出较好的抑制活性,其中以化合物1、2、3、6、8和9抑制活性最佳。
2、复筛(IC50)
对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性较好的化合物1、2、3、6、8和9进行复筛,测定化合物的抑制活性(IC50)。
实验原理及方法同初筛。
实验结果:
表2.待测化合物的IC50
实验结果如表2所示,化合物1、2、3、6、8和9对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用显著,尤其化合物1、3、8和9对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性强于阳性对照quercetin,可进一步开发成α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,应用前景广阔。
尽管已用具体实施例来说明和描述了本发明,然而应意识到,在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以作出许多其它的更改和修改。因此,这意味着在所附权利要求中包括属于本发明范围内的所有这些变化和修改。
Claims (8)
4.根据权利要求3所述的间苯三酚类似物,其特征在于,所述通式I中,n=9~12,R3选自C3~C6的直链烷基。
5.根据权利要求3所述的间苯三酚类似物,其特征在于,所述通式I中,n=9,R3选自C6的直链烯基。
7.一种如权利要求1~6任一项所述的间苯三酚类似物的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括:
将短药蒲桃Syzygium brachyantherum自然干燥的叶子用甲醇浸提,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,将乙酸乙酯萃取液浓缩后得到浸膏,采用色谱学分离方法分离纯化所述浸膏,得到式(I)化合物;其中,所述色谱学分离方法包括硅胶柱层析、MCI柱层析、葡聚糖Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析和反相半制备高效液相色谱。
8.一种如权利要求1~6任一项所述的间苯三酚类似物在制备α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂中的应用。
一种药物组合物,其特征在于,其活性成分包括如权利要求1~6任一项所述的间苯三酚类似物,以及药学上可接受的辅料。
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