CN110839806B - Germination method for improving quality of germinated quinoa by illumination treatment - Google Patents
Germination method for improving quality of germinated quinoa by illumination treatment Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/04—Products made from materials other than rye or wheat flour
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
- A23C9/12—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes
- A23C9/13—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes using additives
- A23C9/1322—Inorganic compounds; Minerals, including organic salts thereof, oligo-elements; Amino-acids, peptides, protein-hydrolysates or derivatives; Nucleic acids or derivatives; Yeast extract or autolysate; Vitamins; Antibiotics; Bacteriocins
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/117—Flakes or other shapes of ready-to-eat type; Semi-finished or partly-finished products therefor
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a germination method for improving the quality of germinated quinoa by illumination treatment, and belongs to the field of food processing. The germination method for improving the quality of the germinated quinoa by illumination treatment comprises the following steps: (1) selecting complete quinoa with full seeds and no mildew, rot and plant diseases and insect pests, and placing the quinoa into a sodium hypochlorite solution for disinfection treatment; (2) washing quinoa treated by the sodium hypochlorite solution with deionized water to ensure that the quinoa skin is not attached with the sodium hypochlorite solution any more; (3) soaking and washing clean quinoa with deionized water to ensure that the quinoa absorbs water fully; (4) spreading quinoa on gauze, irradiating for germination under combined illumination, intermittently sprinkling water, and cleaning gauze to prevent mildew. The germination method provided by the invention is simple, rapid and efficient, the germination time of the germinated quinoa is obviously shortened, the germination cost is reduced, the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid of the germinated quinoa is increased, the oxidation resistance of the germinated quinoa is increased, the smell of the germinated quinoa is improved, and the quality of the germinated quinoa is comprehensively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a germination method for improving the quality of germinated quinoa by illumination treatment, belonging to the field of food processing.
Background
Chenopodium quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and amaranth genus dicotyledonous false grain are originally produced in Andes mountain area of south America, are main traditional food of indigenous residents, have planting history of about 7000 years in local places, and are vegetatively reputed as "mother of grain", "super grain", and the like. The quinoa has much higher nutritive value than traditional grains such as wheat, rice and corn. It is rich in protein and free of gluten proteins. Chenopodium quinoa contains 16 amino acids including 9 essential amino acids, has balanced composition proportion, is suitable for human body absorption, has high lysine and histidine content, can improve 'lysine deficiency disease' caused by Chinese dietary structure by supplementing Chenopodium quinoa food, and is a high-quality nutrient source for pregnant and lying-in women and infants. Furthermore, quinoa has a higher fat content than other common cereals, contains a variety of unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., linoleic acid and α -linolenic acid), and has an unsaturated fatty acid content of about 70% of the total fatty acids. The quinoa has abundant mineral contents, especially the contents of calcium, magnesium, iron, etc. are far higher than those of grain crops. The excellent nutritive value of quinoa determines that quinoa has outstanding health promotion effect and medicinal value. Due to the geographical nature of quinoa planting, the yield of quinoa is limited, the knowledge of numerous consumers on quinoa is relatively lacked, and at present, few quinoa products in the market are available and do not go deep into the daily diet of consumers.
Germination is a process that improves the texture and nutritional value of the grain. Quinoa is generally germinated by keeping out of the sun (Jan R, Saxena D C, Singh S.A. insulation of optimization, simulation on the antioxidant activity, total phenols, and antibiotics factors of chemical (chemical distribution) [ J ]. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization,2017,11(1): 256-shell 264.), but the conventional germination method has a long period and high cost, and cannot achieve the expected effect.
Although in agriculture, plant seedlings are generally irradiated by light, the photosynthesis of plants is mainly utilized to synthesize nutrients required by growth, so that the growth is promoted, and seeds of the plants are germinated in the soil in a dark place and broken out, so that the plants can receive the light for vigorous growth.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one of the above problems, the present invention provides a germination method for improving the quality of germinated quinoa by light irradiation treatment. The germination method is simple, rapid and efficient, can obviously shorten the germination time of the germinated quinoa, reduce the germination cost, improve the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid of the germinated quinoa, increase the oxidation resistance of the germinated quinoa, improve the smell of the germinated quinoa, and is the germination method for comprehensively improving the quality of the germinated quinoa. And the illumination treatment is applied to the chenopodium quinoa germination, so that the germination is quicker, and the grain texture and the nutritional value thereof can be improved efficiently.
The invention aims to provide a germination method for improving the quality of germinated quinoa by illumination treatment.
In one embodiment, the light quality ratio of the blue light to the red light of the composite illumination is 1: 1-4.
In one embodiment, the composite lighting conditions when quinoa germinates are: the illumination intensity is 5000-.
In one embodiment, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting complete quinoa with full seeds and no mildew, rot and plant diseases and insect pests, and placing the quinoa into a sodium hypochlorite solution for disinfection treatment;
(2) washing quinoa treated by the sodium hypochlorite solution with deionized water to ensure that the quinoa skin is not attached with the sodium hypochlorite solution any more;
(3) soaking and washing clean quinoa with deionized water to ensure that the quinoa absorbs water fully;
(4) spreading quinoa on gauze, germinating under compound light, intermittently sprinkling water, and cleaning the gauze to prevent mildew.
In one embodiment, the volume multiple of sodium hypochlorite in step (1) is 1-5 times that of quinoa.
In one embodiment, the concentration of sodium hypochlorite in step (1) is 0.05-5%.
In one embodiment, the sodium hypochlorite is soaked in the solution in the step (1) for 20 to 40 minutes.
In one embodiment, step (2) is rinsed 3 or more times with deionized water.
In one embodiment, the deionized water in step (3) has a water temperature of 23-28 ℃.
In one embodiment, the volume of deionized water used in step (3) is 8-15 times that of quinoa.
In one embodiment, the soaking time of the deionized water in the step (3) is 10 to 20 hours.
In one embodiment, the temperature for germination of quinoa in step (4) is 20-30 deg.C, and the humidity should be 80-90%.
In one embodiment, the germination time in step (4) is 70-80 h.
In one embodiment, the step (4) is performed by spraying water every 12-24 h.
In one embodiment, the tank is disinfected with ozone for 15 minutes every 24 hours in step (4).
The second purpose of the invention is to obtain the germinated quinoa by the method.
The third purpose of the invention is to prepare the quinoa malt powder by crushing the germinated quinoa obtained by the method.
In one embodiment, the specific preparation process is as follows: and (3) placing the germinated quinoa sprouts in a constant-temperature drying box, drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 40-50 ℃, and crushing to obtain quinoa sprout powder for later use.
The third purpose of the invention is to obtain the chenopodium quinoa sprout protoplasm by grinding the germinated chenopodium quinoa obtained by the method of the invention.
In one embodiment, the specific refining process is: the pulping temperature is 60 ℃, the pulping time is 5min, the pulping liquid material ratio is 6:1mL/g, and the pulping pH is 6.5.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to apply the quinoa malt protoplasm in the quinoa malt beverage.
The fifth purpose of the invention is to apply the quinoa bud disclosed by the invention to quinoa nutrition powder, quinoa bread, quinoa cereal bar, quinoa beer and quinoa yoghourt.
Advantageous effects
The germination method for improving the quality of the germinated quinoa by illumination treatment is simple, rapid and efficient, obviously shortens the germination time of the germinated quinoa, reduces the germination cost, increases the gamma-aminobutyric acid content of the germinated quinoa, increases the oxidation resistance of the germinated quinoa, improves the smell of the germinated quinoa, and comprehensively improves the quality of the germinated quinoa, wherein the gamma-aminobutyric acid content reaches 116.2mg/100g when the germinated quinoa sprouts for 60 hours, and the DPPH free radical scavenging rate reaches over 75.12%.
Detailed Description
The following description is of preferred embodiments of the invention, and it is to be understood that the embodiments are for the purpose of illustrating the invention better and are not to be taken in a limiting sense.
Determination of the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid: placing 2.5g lyophilized quinoa powder (accurate to 0.0001g) into a test tube containing 25mL 70% ethanol solution, extracting the mixture at room temperature under shaking for 1min, centrifuging at 4000 Xg for 10min, and collecting supernatant. The same volume of 70% ethanol solution was added to the precipitate and the extraction was repeated, centrifuged and the supernatants combined. The supernatant was evaporated to dryness by rotation at 40 ℃ and the residue was dissolved in 5mL of a lithium citrate elution buffer (pH2.2) containing 1.5g of trilithium citrate, 19.8g of citric acid, 12.0g of LiCl and 20.0g of 2, 2-thioethanol, filtered through a 0.45 μm microfiltration membrane, and injected into an automatic amino acid analyzer to measure the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) content.
And (3) measuring the oxidation resistance: determination of DPPH radical scavenging Capacity: 200 μ L of an appropriately diluted sample was added to 3.8mL of 60 μmol/LDPPH solution, and after a dark reaction at room temperature for 60min, the absorbance at 517nm was measured. The sample was replaced by methanol as a blank. DPPH radical clearance was calculated as follows:
in the formula: the sample A represents the light absorption value of the sample after the reaction with the DPPH solution;
blank A represents the absorbance of the blank (methanol) after reaction with DPPH.
The following examples further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention in detail.
Example 1 (light quality ratio of Red light to blue light 1:1)
(1) Selecting complete quinoa with full seeds and no mildew or rot and plant diseases and insect pests, and placing into 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution with 3 times volume for disinfection treatment, wherein the soaking time is 30 min;
(2) washing quinoa treated by the sodium hypochlorite solution with deionized water for 3 times to ensure that the quinoa skin is not attached with the sodium hypochlorite solution any more;
(3) soaking and cleaning clean quinoa for 12 hours by 10 times of deionized water with the volume and the temperature of 25 ℃ to ensure that the quinoa absorbs water fully;
(4) chenopodium quinoa willd is laid on gauze in an environment with temperature of 25 ℃ and humidity of 85%, and under the condition of illumination intensity of 5600lx blue light: the light period under the irradiation of the light quality with the red light of 1:1 is 10 h/14 h at night, the germination lasts for 72 h, water is sprayed every 24h, gauze is washed, and the gauze is disinfected by ozone for 15 min to prevent mildew.
Example 2 (light quality ratio of Red to blue 2: 1)
(1) Selecting complete quinoa with full seeds and no mildew or rot and plant diseases and insect pests, and placing into 5% sodium hypochlorite solution with 1 volume time for disinfection treatment, wherein the soaking time is 20 min;
(2) washing quinoa treated by the sodium hypochlorite solution with deionized water for 4 times to ensure that the quinoa skin is not attached with the sodium hypochlorite solution any more;
(3) soaking and cleaning clean quinoa for 20 hours by 8 times of deionized water with the volume and the temperature of 23 ℃ to ensure that the quinoa absorbs water fully;
(4) laying quinoa on gauze in an environment of 20 deg.C and 80% humidity under blue light with illumination intensity of 5000 lx: red light is 2: 1 light quality of 8h day/16 h night, germination for 80h, sprinkling water every 12h, cleaning gauze, and sterilizing with ozone for 15 min to prevent mildew.
Example 3 (light quality ratio of Red to blue 4: 1)
(1) Selecting complete quinoa with full seeds and no mildew or rot and plant diseases and insect pests, and placing into 0.05% sodium hypochlorite solution with 5 times volume for disinfection treatment, wherein the soaking time is 20 min;
(2) washing quinoa treated by the sodium hypochlorite solution with deionized water for 5 times to ensure that the quinoa skin is not attached with the sodium hypochlorite solution any more;
(3) soaking and cleaning clean quinoa for 20 hours by using 15 times of deionized water with the volume and the temperature of 28 ℃ to ensure that the quinoa absorbs water fully;
(4) chenopodium quinoa is spread on gauze in an environment with temperature of 30 ℃ and humidity of 90%, under the condition of blue light with illumination intensity of 6000 lx: red light is 4: 1 the light cycle is 12h day/12 h night, germination is 70 h, water is sprayed every 12h, gauze is washed, and disinfection is carried out by ozone for 15 min to prevent mildew.
Example 4
(1) Selecting complete quinoa with plump seeds and no rot or diseases and insect pests, and sterilizing in 0.15% sodium hypochlorite solution 4 times the volume of quinoa for 20 min;
(2) washing quinoa treated by the sodium hypochlorite solution with deionized water for 4 times to ensure that the quinoa skin is not attached with the sodium hypochlorite solution any more;
(3) soaking and cleaning clean quinoa for 15 hours by using 12 times of deionized water with the volume and the temperature of 26 ℃ to ensure that the quinoa absorbs water fully;
(4) laying quinoa on gauze in an environment of 26 deg.C and 80% humidity under a blue light intensity of 5600 lx: the illumination period under the irradiation of the light quality with the red light of 1:1 is 12h day/12 h night, the germination time is 75 h, the water is sprayed once every 24h, the gauze is cleaned, and the gauze is sterilized by ozone for 15 min to prevent the mildew.
Comparative example 1 (light germination was replaced with light germination in example 1)
(1) Selecting complete quinoa with full seeds and no mildew, rot and plant diseases and insect pests, and putting the quinoa into 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution with the volume 3-4 times that of the quinoa for disinfection treatment:
(2) washing quinoa treated by the sodium hypochlorite solution with deionized water for 3 times to ensure that the quinoa skin is not attached with the sodium hypochlorite solution any more;
(3) soaking and cleaning clean quinoa for 12 hours by 10 times of deionized water with the volume and the temperature of 25 ℃ to ensure that the quinoa absorbs water fully;
(4) the quinoa is laid on gauze and germinated in the dark at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 85%, the quinoa sprouts for 72 hours, water is sprayed once every 24 hours, the gauze is cleaned and disinfected by ozone for 15 minutes to prevent mildew.
Comparative example 2 (replacement of the light quality ratio of red light to blue light of example 1 to 1 by yellow light (560-590 μm))
(1) Selecting complete quinoa with full seeds and no mildew or rot and plant diseases and insect pests, and placing into 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution with volume of 3-4 times of that of the quinoa for disinfection treatment, wherein the soaking time is 30 min;
(2) washing quinoa treated by the sodium hypochlorite solution with deionized water for 3 times to ensure that the quinoa skin is not attached with the sodium hypochlorite solution any more;
(3) soaking and cleaning clean quinoa for 12 hours by 10 times of deionized water with the volume and the temperature of 25 ℃ to ensure that the quinoa absorbs water fully;
(4) chenopodium quinoa L.is spread on gauze at 25 deg.C under 85% humidity, under irradiation of yellow light (560-.
Comparative example 3 (replacing the light quality ratio of red light to blue light in example 1 to 1 by green light (500-
(1) Selecting complete quinoa with full seeds and no mildew or rot and plant diseases and insect pests, and placing into 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution with volume of 3-4 times of that of the quinoa for disinfection treatment, wherein the soaking time is 30 min;
(2) washing quinoa treated by the sodium hypochlorite solution with deionized water for 3 times to ensure that the quinoa skin is not attached with the sodium hypochlorite solution any more;
(3) soaking and cleaning clean quinoa for 12 hours by 10 times of deionized water with the volume and the temperature of 25 ℃ to ensure that the quinoa absorbs water fully;
(4) spreading Chenopodium quinoa on gauze at 25 deg.C under 85% humidity, under irradiation of green light (500-.
Comparative example 4 (replacing the light quality ratio of red light to blue light in example 1 to 1 by blue light (430-480 μm))
(1) Selecting complete quinoa with plump seeds and no rot or diseases and insect pests, and sterilizing in 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution 3-4 times the volume of quinoa for 30 min;
(2) washing quinoa treated by sodium hypochlorite solution with deionized water for 3 times to ensure that the skin of quinoa is not attached with sodium hypochlorite solution;
(3) soaking and cleaning clean quinoa for 12 hours by 10 times of deionized water with the temperature of 25 ℃ so that the quinoa absorbs water fully;
(4) spreading Chenopodium quinoa on gauze at 25 deg.C under 85% humidity, under irradiation of 5600lx blue light (430-.
Comparative example 5 (replacing the light quality ratio of red light to blue light of example 1 at 1:1 by red light (620-720 μm))
(1) Selecting complete quinoa with full seeds and no mildew or rot and plant diseases and insect pests, and placing into 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution with volume of 3-4 times of that of the quinoa for disinfection treatment, wherein the soaking time is 30 min;
(2) washing quinoa treated by sodium hypochlorite solution with deionized water for 3 times to ensure that the skin of quinoa is not attached with sodium hypochlorite solution;
(3) soaking and cleaning clean quinoa for 12 hours by 10 times of deionized water with the volume and the temperature of 25 ℃ to ensure that the quinoa absorbs water fully;
(4) spreading Chenopodium quinoa on gauze at 25 deg.C under 85% humidity, under irradiation of red light (620-.
Comparative example 6 (changing the immersion time from 12h to 8h in step (3) of comparative example 1)
(1) Selecting complete quinoa with full seeds and no mildew, rot and plant diseases and insect pests, and putting the quinoa into 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution with 3 times volume for disinfection treatment for 30 minutes:
(2) washing quinoa treated by the sodium hypochlorite solution with deionized water for 3 times to ensure that the quinoa skin is not attached with the sodium hypochlorite solution any more;
(3) soaking and cleaning clean quinoa for 8 hours by 10 times of deionized water with the volume and the temperature of 25 ℃;
(4) and (3) paving the quinoa on gauze, germinating for 72 hours in a dark place in an environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 85%, sprinkling water once every 24 hours, cleaning the gauze, and disinfecting for 15 minutes by using ozone to prevent mildew.
Comparative example 7
The soaking time in the example 1 is adjusted from 12h to 8h, other parameters are kept unchanged, and the chenopodium quinoa is germinated.
Comparative example 8
The soaking time in the example 1 is adjusted from 12h to 22h, other parameters are kept unchanged, and the chenopodium quinoa is germinated.
Test results
The germinated quinoa materials obtained in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-8 were subjected to performance tests, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2:
table 1 shows the results of detecting the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid after the germination of quinoa
Table 2 shows the results of measurement of antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging rate) of quinoa after germination
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2: the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid reaches 116.2mg/100g when germination is carried out for 60 hours by adopting composite illumination, and the DPPH free radical clearance rate reaches over 75.12 percent. And under the condition of single illumination, the content of the gamma-aminobutyric acid and the DPPH free radical clearance rate are both smaller than those of the germinated seeds in a dark place. The fact that the quinoa can be promoted to germinate by adopting the composite illumination can be shown.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The germination method for improving the quality of the germinated quinoa is characterized in that the germination of the quinoa is promoted by adopting illumination treatment, wherein the illumination is composite illumination; the light quality ratio of blue light to red light of the light used for composite illumination is 1: 1-4; the illumination treatment conditions are as follows: the illumination intensity is 5000-; the germination time is 60h or 70-80 h.
2. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) selecting complete quinoa with plump seeds and without mildew and rot and plant diseases and insect pests, and placing the quinoa into a sodium hypochlorite solution for disinfection treatment;
(2) washing quinoa treated by the sodium hypochlorite solution with deionized water to ensure that the quinoa skin is not attached with the sodium hypochlorite solution any more;
(3) soaking and washing clean quinoa with deionized water to ensure that the quinoa absorbs water fully;
(4) the quinoa is laid on gauze, germination is promoted by adopting composite illumination treatment, water is intermittently sprayed, and the gauze is cleaned to prevent mildew.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the temperature of germination of quinoa in step (4) is 20-30 ℃ and humidity should be 80-90%.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the deionized water in the step (3) has a water temperature of 23-28 ℃, a volume of 8-15 times that of chenopodium quinoa and a soaking time of 10-20 hours.
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| CN113039890B (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2022-04-29 | 江南大学 | Method for improving gamma-aminobutyric acid of germinated quinoa by using magnetic field |
| CN111557424B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2022-12-27 | 江南大学 | Method for improving antioxidant capacity of germinated quinoa by magnetic field treatment |
| CN112244210A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-22 | 邯郸市富硒农产品科技开发有限公司 | Preparation method of selenium-rich malt flour |
| CN112715532A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-30 | 安徽佰欧晶医学科技有限公司 | Constant temperature type tumor detection kit |
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