CN113229075A - Cultivation and planting method for anthocyanin-rich corn - Google Patents
Cultivation and planting method for anthocyanin-rich corn Download PDFInfo
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- CN113229075A CN113229075A CN202110614410.5A CN202110614410A CN113229075A CN 113229075 A CN113229075 A CN 113229075A CN 202110614410 A CN202110614410 A CN 202110614410A CN 113229075 A CN113229075 A CN 113229075A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of corn cultivation, and discloses a cultivation and planting method for anthocyanin-rich corn. A hybrid female parent is obtained by planting anthocyanin-containing corn seeds, and the hybrid female parent and anthocyanin-rich plants are used as hybrid male parents, and a large amount of anthocyanin-rich first-generation parents are obtained on the basis of ensuring that the hybrid female parent obtains a large amount of anthocyanin-rich pollen sources in the modes of cross pollination, self pollination and artificial pollination. The anthocyanin has the effects of resisting oxidation, eliminating free radicals, eliminating blood toxins and garbage of a human body, maintaining beauty and keeping young and has a certain resisting effect on cancer cells, and the grains, the straws, the outer skins, the axial cores and the corncobs of the corn obtained by the method are rich in a large amount of anthocyanin, so that the anthocyanin has high nutritional value and utilization value. Realizes high cultivation rate, high anthocyanin content and high planting success rate, and is suitable for planting in southwest areas of China and areas of weathering, meteoric stones and sandy land. And organic fertilizer is applied, so that the absorption of nutrient components at the root of the corn is increased, and the soil is repaired.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of corn cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation and planting method of anthocyanin-rich corn.
Background
With the continuous development of society, people not only have continuously increased demands on materials, but also have continuously increased concerns and demands on health. The rise of the major health industry has now attracted a great deal of attention, this concept also relating to various aspects of the garment and household, particularly the "eating" aspect.
Corn, as one of the three major crops in the world, has a very wide planting area and rich nutritional value, and is one of energy and nutritional sources for human and animal survival. The corn kernel contains rich nutrition, the corn protein content is higher than that of rice, the fat content is higher than that of flour, rice and millet, and the calorie content is higher than that of flour, rice and sorghum. Corn is an important food in remote areas. In cities and more developed regions, corn is an indispensable food for seasoning taste.
Corn is one of the main growing food crops. In order to obtain high yield of the corn, a good variety is selected firstly, and the corn is carefully planted, scientifically managed and reasonably invested. A great deal of researchers research on the corn in each year, but the research is mainly directed to the research on the improvement of yield per unit area, disease and pest resistance and stress resistance of various types of corn and the research on the aspects of subsequent deep processing and deep application of the corn, but the research on the improvement of the nutritional value of the corn or the improvement of the content of a certain nutritional ingredient in the corn in the planting process is relatively less. Therefore, the development of the corn with special nutrient components can not only enrich the variety of the corn, but also contribute to the development of the planting mode and the planting technology of crops in the vertical direction.
In the prior art, a method for cultivating the corn with high lysine content, a method for cultivating the corn with high linoleic acid content and a method for cultivating the corn with high SOD activity are provided. Firstly, there is no cultivation method for high anthocyanin content, and all the above schemes adopt the addition of fertilizers rich in required components for cultivation, wherein the amount of required rich substances is not continuous, and a large amount of base fertilizers or chemical products such as a large amount of nutrient solutions are required to be consumed, thereby causing pollution and damage to soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a cultivation and planting method for anthocyanin-rich corn.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a cultivation and planting method for anthocyanin-rich corn comprises the following steps:
(1) hybrid female parent: selecting full anthocyanin-containing corn seeds which are not damaged by worms and are not broken, have large granularity, and are treated, and then carrying out germination acceleration, seedling generation and transplanting to a field for planting to obtain a hybrid corn female parent;
(2) hybridizing or selfing the first generation of parent: performing cross pollination on the hybrid corn female parent by taking a plant rich in anthocyanin as a hybrid male parent to obtain a first filial generation parent and/or performing same-flower pollination on a female flower at the lower part of the hybrid corn female parent by taking a male flower at the upper part of the hybrid corn female parent as a selfing male parent to obtain a first filial generation parent and/or performing artificial pollination;
(3) culturing: selecting seeds of the first filial generation parent corn, screening to obtain the seeds of the anthocyanin-rich corn, and finishing cultivation;
(4) planting the anthocyanin-rich corn seeds: and (3) putting the obtained anthocyanin-rich corn seeds into a pretreatment solution for pretreatment, accelerating germination, growing seedlings, transplanting into a field, applying a compound microbial organic fertilizer, and finishing planting.
The cultivation and planting method for the anthocyanin-rich corn comprises the steps of planting the anthocyanin-containing corn seeds to obtain a hybrid female parent, using the anthocyanin-rich plant as a hybrid male parent, and obtaining a first-filial generation parent rich in anthocyanin on the basis of ensuring that the hybrid female parent obtains a large amount of anthocyanin-rich pollen by means of cross pollination, self pollination and artificial pollination. And (3) carrying out seed treatment and planting by using the first generation parent, and finally obtaining the corn rich in a large amount of anthocyanin. The anthocyanin has the effects of resisting oxidation, eliminating free radicals, eliminating blood toxins and garbage of a human body, maintaining beauty and keeping young and has a certain inhibiting effect (20 times of vitamin C and 50 times of vitamin E) on anti-cancer cells, so the grains, the straws, the outer skins, the axial cores and the corncobs of the corn obtained by the method are rich in a large amount of anthocyanin, and have extremely high nutritional value and utilization value. The cultivation planting method realizes high cultivation rate, high anthocyanin content and high planting success rate, and is suitable for planting in southwest areas of China and areas of weathering, meteoric stones and sandy land.
Preferably, in the step (1), the treatment process for the anthocyanin-containing corn with large and full granularity comprises cleaning, ethanol disinfection, soaking and illumination.
Preferably, the washing is carried out for 2 to 3 minutes; sterilizing with 70-75% ethanol for 3-8 min; soaking in water at 30-40 deg.c for 5-6 hr, and lighting at 4000-6000Lux for 2-4 hr.
Preferably, in the step (2), the hybrid male parent comprises one or more of purple cabbage, blueberry, eggplant, cherry, strawberry, Lycium ruthenicum Murr, black rice, mulberry, purple sweet potato, grape and black bean.
Each of the hybrid male parents selected above belongs to a plant rich in a large amount of anthocyanin.
Preferably, in the step (3), seeds of the first filial generation of parent corn are screened by a 20-50 mesh screen.
Preferably, in the step (4), the pretreatment solution is mainly prepared from the following raw materials:
3-8 parts of disinfectant, 1-2 parts of nutrient and 10-20 parts of solvent.
Preferably, the disinfectant comprises one or more of a formaldehyde solution, a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, a copper sulfate solution and a trisodium phosphate solution;
the nutrient comprises one or more of fructus Zanthoxyli extract, fructus Toosendan extract, indoleacetic acid, gibberellin and cytokinin;
the solvent includes water.
Preferably, in the step (4), the temperature during the pretreatment is 45-65 ℃.
Preferably, in the pretreatment process, the treatment time is 30-75 minutes.
Preferably, in the step (4), the compound microbial organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting crushed corn straws, animal wastes, a fermentation bacteria agent and water at 30-50 ℃.
The corn seed is treated because the conventional seeds are mostly accompanied by substances such as fungi, bacteria and the like, and if the seeds are not disinfected and sterilized, the conditions such as damage and harm to the root of a cultivated plant and root rot are caused. Through the above-mentioned mode of utilizing disinfectant and the soaking of high temperature pretreatment liquid to the seed that obtains, the aseptic environment of seed has dually been ensured. The nutrient is added to provide favorable conditions for subsequent seed germination acceleration and nutrient maintenance; through selecting and using to apply compound microbial organic fertilizer, not only can increase the absorption of maize root nutrient composition through the effect of microorganism and soil, can also play prosthetic effect to the soil of planting simultaneously.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a cultivation and planting method of anthocyanin-rich corn, which is characterized in that a hybrid female parent is obtained by planting anthocyanin-containing corn seeds, the hybrid female parent and anthocyanin-rich plants are used as hybrid male parents, and a first-generation parent rich in anthocyanin is obtained on the basis of ensuring that the hybrid female parent obtains a large amount of anthocyanin-rich pollen by means of cross pollination, self-pollination and artificial pollination. And (3) carrying out seed treatment and planting by using the first generation parent, and finally obtaining the corn rich in a large amount of anthocyanin. The anthocyanin has the effects of resisting oxidation, eliminating free radicals, eliminating blood toxins and garbage of a human body, maintaining beauty and keeping young and has a certain inhibiting effect (20 times of vitamin C and 50 times of vitamin E) on anti-cancer cells, so the grains, the straws, the outer skins, the axial cores and the corncobs of the corn obtained by the method are rich in a large amount of anthocyanin, and have extremely high nutritional value and utilization value. The cultivation planting method realizes high cultivation rate, high anthocyanin content and high planting success rate, and is suitable for planting in southwest areas of China and areas of weathering, meteoric stones and sandy land.
The corn seeds are treated because the conventional seeds are mostly accompanied by substances such as fungi, bacteria and the like, and if the seeds are not disinfected and sterilized, the corn seeds not only can damage and harm the roots of cultivated plants, but also can cause root rot and the like. Through the above-mentioned mode of utilizing disinfectant and the soaking of high temperature pretreatment liquid to the seed that obtains, the aseptic environment of seed has dually been ensured. The nutrient is added to provide favorable conditions for subsequent seed germination acceleration and nutrient maintenance; through selecting and using to apply compound microbial organic fertilizer, not only can increase the absorption of maize root nutrient composition through the effect of microorganism and soil, can also play prosthetic effect to the soil of planting simultaneously.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the axial core of anthocyanin-rich maize of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the maize axes of anthocyanin-rich maize of example 1 with attached maize granules;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the outer skin, corn stover and corn ear of anthocyanin-rich corn of example 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic of anthocyanin-rich corn grain of example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples, which are set forth to illustrate the present invention, are intended to be part of the present invention, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The reagents used are all conventional products which are commercially available.
Example 1:
a cultivation and planting method of anthocyanin-rich corn comprises the following steps:
(1) hybrid female parent: selecting full anthocyanin-containing corn seeds which are not damaged by worms and are not broken by damage, have large granularity, are washed by water for 2 minutes, are disinfected by 70 percent ethanol on the surfaces of the seeds, are then placed in water with the temperature of 30 ℃ for soaking for 5 hours, are subjected to pregermination, seedling generation and transplantation to fields for planting after being irradiated by light for 2 hours under the illumination intensity of 4000Lux, and obtain hybrid corn female parents;
(2) hybridizing or selfing the first generation of parent: performing cross pollination on the hybrid corn female parent by taking a plant rich in anthocyanin as a hybrid male parent to obtain a first filial generation parent and/or performing same-flower pollination on a female flower at the lower part of the hybrid corn female parent by taking a male flower at the upper part of the hybrid corn female parent as a selfing male parent to obtain a first filial generation parent and/or performing artificial pollination;
(3) culturing: selecting seeds of the first filial generation parent corn, screening by using a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the seeds of the anthocyanin-rich corn, and finishing cultivation;
(4) planting the anthocyanin-rich corn seeds: and (3) putting the obtained anthocyanin-rich corn seeds into 140 g of pretreatment liquid, carrying out pretreatment for 75 minutes at 45 ℃, accelerating germination, growing seedlings, transplanting into a field, applying a compound microbial organic fertilizer, and finishing planting.
The anthocyanin-containing corn seeds selected in the step 1 are from baofeng seeds, ltd.
The conventional method for accelerating germination of seeds is to spread the treated seeds in a culture dish and put the seeds in an incubator for culture.
Example 2:
a cultivation and planting method of anthocyanin-rich corn comprises the following steps:
(1) hybrid female parent: selecting full anthocyanin-containing corn seeds which are not damaged by worms and are not broken, have large granularity, are washed by water for 3 minutes, are disinfected by 75 percent ethanol on the surfaces of the seeds, are then placed in water with the temperature of 40 ℃ for soaking for 6 hours, are subjected to pregermination, seedling generation and transplantation to a field for planting after illumination for 4 hours under the illumination intensity of 6000Lux, and obtain hybrid corn female parents;
(2) hybridizing or selfing the first generation of parent: performing cross pollination on the hybrid corn female parent by taking a plant rich in anthocyanin as a hybrid male parent to obtain a first filial generation parent and/or performing same-flower pollination on a female flower at the lower part of the hybrid corn female parent by taking a male flower at the upper part of the hybrid corn female parent as a selfing male parent to obtain a first filial generation parent and/or performing artificial pollination;
(3) culturing: selecting seeds of the first filial generation parent corn, screening by a 50-mesh screen to obtain the seeds of the anthocyanin-rich corn, and finishing cultivation;
(4) planting the anthocyanin-rich corn seeds: and (3) putting the obtained anthocyanin-rich corn seeds into 300 g of pretreatment liquid, carrying out pretreatment for 30 minutes at 65 ℃, accelerating germination, growing seedlings, transplanting into a field, applying a compound microbial organic fertilizer, and finishing planting.
As shown in fig. 1, the anthocyanin-rich corn of example 1, also has a purple-red color.
As shown in fig. 2, the maize axes with maize grains of the anthocyanin-rich maize of example 1 showed that the maize grains and maize-coated leaves were all purplish red.
As shown in fig. 3, the anthocyanin-rich corn outer skins, corn stover, and corn ears of example 1 all appeared to be purplish red in color.
As shown in fig. 4, the anthocyanin-rich corn granules of example 1 are purple-red in color.
Examples of the experiments
Experimental mode: the experimental group was selected in the manner of example 1 above; the control group selected seeds containing anthocyanin corn from Baofeng seeds, Inc., and adopted conventional seed planting method.
The experimental results are as follows: the corn particles obtained by the method are detected.
Detection unit: the Western-Ans Union of China quality testing technology, Inc.
The experimental group contained 0.20g/100g aspartic acid, 0.095g/100g threonine, 0.12g/100g serine, 0.24g/100g glutamic acid, 0.14g/100g glycine, 0.18g/100g alanine, 0.12g/100g valine, 0.0089g/100g methionine, 0.16g/100g leucine, 0.076g/100g isoleucine, 0.065g/100g tyrosine, 0.096g/100g phenylalanine, 0.13g/100g lysine, 0.034g/100g histidine, 0.099g/100g arginine, 0.11g/100g proline, the total of all the hydrolyzed amino acids being 1.87g/100 g. The detection standard is as follows: GB 5009.124-2016.
The experimental group had an energy of 1500kJ/100g, carbohydrate 84.0g/100 g. Contains 7 kinds of anthocyanins including delphinidin 57.3mg/kg, cornflowerPigment 1.09X 104mg/kg, petunia pigment 0.5mg/kg, pelargonium pigment 2.72 × 102mg/kg, paeoniflorin 9.60 × 102mg/kg, malvidin 11.3mg/kg, the total amount of the above anthocyanidins is 1.46 × 104mg/kg. The detection standard is as follows: NY/T2640-2014.
The experimental comparison results of the experimental group and the control group are as follows:
the results show that the anthocyanin content of the corn obtained by the cultivation and planting method in the embodiment 1 is obviously improved, and the acre yield is also obviously increased.
The anthocyanin is a nontoxic, harmless and non-side-effect raw material passing through international notarization, and the purple anthocyanin corn can be blended into food, health care products, cosmetics, medicines and wine for circulation after purification. Therefore, the product obtained by the cultivation and planting method of the anthocyanin-rich corn has great use value and circulation value.
The invention provides a cultivation and planting method of anthocyanin-rich corn, which is characterized in that a hybrid female parent is obtained by planting anthocyanin-containing corn seeds, the hybrid female parent and anthocyanin-rich plants are used as hybrid male parents, and a first-generation parent rich in anthocyanin is obtained on the basis of ensuring that the hybrid female parent obtains a large amount of anthocyanin-rich pollen by means of cross pollination, self-pollination and artificial pollination. And (3) carrying out seed treatment and planting by using the first generation parent, and finally obtaining the corn rich in a large amount of anthocyanin. Because the anthocyanin has the effects of resisting oxidation, eliminating free radicals, eliminating blood toxins and garbage of a human body, maintaining beauty and keeping young and has a certain inhibiting effect (vitamin C20 times and vitamin E50 times) on cancer cells, the grains, the straws, the outer skins, the axial cores and the corncobs of the corn obtained by the method are rich in a large amount of anthocyanin, and the anthocyanin has high nutritional value and utilization value. The cultivation planting method realizes high cultivation rate, high anthocyanin content and high planting success rate, and is suitable for planting in southwest areas of China and areas of weathering, meteoric stones and sandy land.
The corn seeds are treated because the conventional seeds are mostly accompanied by substances such as fungi, bacteria and the like, and if the seeds are not disinfected and sterilized, the corn seeds not only can damage and harm the roots of cultivated plants, but also can cause root rot and the like. Through the above-mentioned mode of utilizing disinfectant and the soaking of high temperature pretreatment liquid to the seed that obtains, the aseptic environment of seed has dually been ensured. The nutrient is added to provide favorable conditions for subsequent seed germination acceleration and nutrient maintenance; through selecting and using to apply compound microbial organic fertilizer, not only can increase the absorption of maize root nutrient composition through the effect of microorganism and soil, can also play prosthetic effect to the soil of planting simultaneously.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described alternative embodiments, and various other forms of products can be obtained by anyone in light of the present invention. The above embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or equivalent substitutions may be made to some or all of the technical features thereof, without departing from the scope of the present invention, and at the same time, such modifications or substitutions may not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The cultivation and planting method of the anthocyanin-rich corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) hybrid female parent: selecting full anthocyanin-containing corn seeds which are not damaged by worms and are not broken, have large granularity, and are treated, and then carrying out germination acceleration, seedling generation and transplanting to a field for planting to obtain a hybrid corn female parent;
(2) hybridizing or selfing the first generation of parent: performing cross pollination on the hybrid corn female parent by taking a plant rich in anthocyanin as a hybrid male parent to obtain a first filial generation parent and/or performing same-flower pollination on a female flower at the lower part of the hybrid corn female parent by taking a male flower at the upper part of the hybrid corn female parent as a selfing male parent to obtain a first filial generation parent and/or performing artificial pollination;
(3) culturing: selecting seeds of the first filial generation parent corn, screening to obtain the seeds of the anthocyanin-rich corn, and finishing cultivation;
(4) planting the anthocyanin-rich corn seeds: and (3) putting the obtained anthocyanin-rich corn seeds into a pretreatment solution for pretreatment, accelerating germination, growing seedlings, transplanting into a field, applying a compound microbial organic fertilizer, and finishing planting.
2. The cultivation and planting method for the anthocyanin-rich corn, as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the anthocyanin-containing corn with large and full particle size is treated, and the treatment process comprises cleaning, ethanol disinfection, soaking and illumination.
3. The cultivation and planting method for the anthocyanin-rich corn, as claimed in claim 2, wherein the washing is carried out for 2-3 minutes; sterilizing with 70-75% ethanol for 3-8 min; soaking in water at 30-40 deg.c for 5-6 hr, and lighting at 4000-6000Lux for 2-4 hr.
4. The cultivation and planting method for the anthocyanin-rich corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the hybrid male parents comprise one or more of purple cabbage, blueberry, eggplant, cherry, strawberry, Lycium ruthenicum Murr, black rice, mulberry, purple sweet potato, grape and black bean.
5. The cultivation and planting method for the anthocyanin-rich corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), seeds of the parent corn of the first filial generation are screened by a 20-50 mesh screen for screening.
6. The cultivation and planting method of the anthocyanin-rich corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the pretreatment solution is mainly prepared from the following raw materials:
3-8 parts of disinfectant, 1-2 parts of nutrient and 10-20 parts of solvent.
7. The cultivation and planting method for the anthocyanin-rich corn, as claimed in claim 6, wherein the disinfectant comprises one or more of a formaldehyde solution, a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, a copper sulfate solution and a trisodium phosphate solution;
the nutrient comprises one or more of fructus Zanthoxyli extract, fructus Toosendan extract, indoleacetic acid, gibberellin and cytokinin;
the solvent includes water.
8. The cultivation and planting method for the anthocyanin-rich corn, as recited in claim 1, wherein the temperature in the pretreatment process in the step (4) is 45-65 ℃.
9. The cultivation and planting method for the anthocyanin-rich corn, as recited in claim 8, wherein the pretreatment time is 30-75 minutes.
10. The cultivation and planting method of the anthocyanin-rich corn, as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the compound microbial organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting crushed corn stalks, animal wastes, a fermentation inoculum and water at 30-50 ℃.
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| CN113841703A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-28 | 天津市农业科学院 | Nutritional energy agent for improving anthocyanin content of purple corn plants and preparation and use methods thereof |
| CN114835524A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-08-02 | 陕西省生物农业研究所 | Composite microbial fertilizer, preparation method, anthocyanin corn and application |
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| CN101663995A (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2010-03-10 | 沈阳农业大学 | Selective breeding technique of anthocyanin type purple corn |
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