CN111357628A - Organic mung bean seedlings and efficient cultivation process thereof - Google Patents
Organic mung bean seedlings and efficient cultivation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111357628A CN111357628A CN202010214414.XA CN202010214414A CN111357628A CN 111357628 A CN111357628 A CN 111357628A CN 202010214414 A CN202010214414 A CN 202010214414A CN 111357628 A CN111357628 A CN 111357628A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/02—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention discloses an organic mung bean seedling and an efficient cultivation process thereof. The efficient cultivation process of the organic mung bean seedlings comprises the following steps: i, cleaning and disinfecting; II, soaking seeds; III, sowing and accelerating germination; and IV, harvesting. The efficient cultivation process of the organic mung bean sprouts is simple in process, improves the yield and quality of the mung bean sprouts, has high economic benefit, produces the mung bean sprouts with high safety, no toxic or side effect, rich nutrition, fragrance, crispness, tenderness, palatability, good quality and easy digestion and absorption, can meet the requirements of consumers, and can be applied to the fields of quick production of the mung bean sprouts, industrial seedling cultivation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vegetable production, in particular to an organic mung bean seedling and an efficient cultivation process thereof.
Background
Bean sprouts are also called sprouting vegetables, have a history of about two thousand years in China, are edible 'sprouts' cultivated from seeds of various cereals, beans and trees, and are also called 'living vegetables'. The bean sprouts are edible vegetables which are developed into tender sprouts, seedlings, stems and the like under a proper environment by utilizing plant seeds, and are recognized as novel pollution-free vegetables due to the fact that the bean sprouts are rich in nutrition, high in quality and free of pollution. In addition, bean sprouts have no season limitation, and especially in northern areas, the bean sprouts become main vegetables in cold seasons. At present, bean sprouts are more and more favored by consumers. The traditional bean sprouts are prepared by sprouting soybeans which are the most common bean sprouts in China, although the protein content of the soybeans is high, the nutritional value of the soybean sprouts is limited due to the existence of a trypsin inhibitor. In recent years, mung bean sprouts have been widely favored.
The Chinese folk has a habit of curing internal heat by using the mung bean tea all the time, and the use is frequently effective. The mung bean sprouts are made of mung beans through cultivation and germination, are fresh, tender and delicious, and are well favored by people. Meanwhile, in the process of sprouting of the mung bean, vitamin C and cellulose can be greatly increased, partial protein can be decomposed into various amino acids and a large amount of vitamin C, mineral substances and unique trace elements which are required by a human body, the mung bean has the effects of clearing away summer heat, detoxifying and promoting urination, removing fat and losing weight and beautifying and whitening the skin, and is alkaline food with a special medical health-care function. The conventional bean sprouts are prepared by germinating soybeans. Mung bean sprouts have also been widely enjoyed in recent years. The mung bean sprouts are cool in nature, sweet in taste and non-toxic, can clear away summer heat, regulate five internal organs, relieve various toxins, promote urination and remove dampness, and can be used for treating excessive drinking, damp-heat stagnation, anorexia and tiredness. Semen Phaseoli Radiati Germinatus may be eaten in summer for patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease. Mung bean sprouts are stewed with crucian for people to take to treat galactostasis. Mung bean sprouts are juiced and added with white sugar instead of tea, and the tea is used for treating urinary tract infection, red heat in urination, frequent micturition and other symptoms. The mung bean sprouts contain cellulose, and if the mung bean sprouts are fried or cold-dressed with the Chinese chives, the mung bean sprouts are used for treating constipation of the old and the children, and are safe and effective.
In the prior art, few bean sprouts containing mineral elements necessary for human bodies are cultivated, and only one mineral element is used, and no report on cultivation of more than one mineral element is provided. Or the cultivated bean sprouts have high mineral content and bad bean sprout shapes. At present, the mung bean planting in China lacks a scientific cultivation method aiming at water and soil conditions and climate differences of different regions, so that the mung bean planting yield in most regions in China always stays at a lower level, and in order to pursue the yield, the input is increased blindly in the fertilizing process, the cost is increased, and the environment brings huge pressure. With the increase of the requirements of mung beans, the traditional cultivation technology and planting method are difficult to meet the requirements, and therefore, a cost-saving, efficiency-increasing, high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for mung beans is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an organic mung bean seedling and an efficient cultivation process thereof.
An efficient cultivation process of organic mung bean seedlings comprises the following steps:
selecting clean mung beans with full shapes and no insect eyes, washing the mung beans with water, washing silt and removing impurities, and placing the mung beans in a sodium hypochlorite solution for disinfection for 5-20min, wherein the mass ratio of the mung beans to the sodium hypochlorite solution is 1: (4-10), taking out the mung beans, and washing the mung beans with water for 1-3 times to obtain sterilized mung beans;
II, seed soaking: adding water 5-10 times the weight of mung beans into sterilized mung beans, soaking seeds for 10-15min at 45-55 ℃, taking out mung beans, adding the mung beans into seed soaking liquid 3-10 times the weight of mung beans, continuously soaking seeds for 8-20h at 20-25 ℃, changing the solution every 3-4h, taking out mung beans after seed soaking, and draining the surface water to obtain the seed soaking mung beans;
III, sowing and accelerating germination: paving a substrate with the thickness of 1-3cm on a seedling raising tray, sowing the soaked mung beans, covering the substrate with the thickness of 1-3cm after sowing, watering until the water content of the substrate is 60-70 wt%, placing the substrate at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ and the relative air humidity of 70-80% for light-proof germination acceleration for 20-26h, setting the illumination intensity during illumination to be 6000 and 9000lx, the illumination time every day to be 10-12h, placing the substrate in dark for dark treatment at other times, keeping the culture temperature at 22-25 ℃, controlling the relative air humidity at 75-80% and keeping the water content of the substrate at 60-70 wt%;
IV, harvesting: and after sowing for 5-15 days, harvesting the mung bean seedlings to obtain the organic mung bean seedlings.
Preferably, the high-efficiency cultivation process of the organic mung bean seedlings comprises the following steps:
selecting clean mung beans with full shapes and no insect eyes, washing the mung beans with water, washing silt and removing impurities, and placing the mung beans in a sodium hypochlorite solution for disinfection for 5-20min, wherein the mass ratio of the mung beans to the sodium hypochlorite solution is 1: (4-10), taking out the mung beans, and washing the mung beans with water for 1-3 times to obtain sterilized mung beans;
II, seed soaking: adding water 5-10 times the weight of mung beans into the sterilized mung beans, soaking seeds for 10-15min at 45-55 ℃, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2-10min, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic treatment is 50-240kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 20-50W, and fishing out the mung beans to obtain the ultrasonic-treated mung beans; then adding the mung beans subjected to ultrasonic treatment into seed soaking liquid which is 3-10 times of the mass of the mung beans subjected to ultrasonic treatment, continuously soaking seeds for 8-20h at 20-25 ℃, changing the solution every 3-4h, fishing out the mung beans after seed soaking, and draining the surface water to obtain the mung beans subjected to seed soaking;
III, sowing and accelerating germination: paving a substrate with the thickness of 1-3cm on a seedling raising tray, sowing the soaked mung beans, covering the substrate with the thickness of 1-3cm after sowing, watering until the water content of the substrate is 60-70 wt%, placing the substrate at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ and the relative air humidity of 70-80% for light-proof germination acceleration for 20-26h, setting the illumination intensity during illumination to be 6000 and 9000lx, the illumination time every day to be 10-12h, placing the substrate in dark for dark treatment at other times, keeping the culture temperature at 22-25 ℃, controlling the relative air humidity at 75-80% and keeping the water content of the substrate at 60-70 wt%;
IV, harvesting: and after sowing for 5-15 days, harvesting the mung bean seedlings to obtain the organic mung bean seedlings.
The seed soaking liquid is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.03-0.05 part of amino acid, 0.01-0.03 part of sodium selenite, 0.2-0.3 part of sodium glutamate, 0.15-0.3 part of glucose, 0.015-0.03 part of growth regulator and 95-110 parts of water.
The growth regulator comprises diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and/or gamma-polyglutamic acid.
Preferably, the growth regulator is prepared from diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, gamma-polyglutamic acid according to the weight ratio of (1-5): (1-5) in a mass ratio.
The matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-16 parts of sepiolite, 16-30 parts of attapulgite or modified attapulgite, 80-100 parts of rice husk, 6-12 parts of chitosan, 1-2 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5-1 part of humic acid, 0.2-0.8 part of zinc sulfate and 6-14 parts of plant components.
Preferably, the matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-16 parts of sepiolite, 16-30 parts of modified attapulgite, 80-100 parts of rice husk, 6-12 parts of chitosan, 1-2 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5-1 part of humic acid, 0.2-0.8 part of zinc sulfate and 6-14 parts of plant components.
Preferably, the matrix also comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 3-6 parts of gibberellin modified β -cyclodextrin.
The plant components comprise shinny peel, porphyra haitanensis and sea mustard according to the proportion of (5-20): (5-20): (1-4) in a mass ratio.
The preparation method of the modified attapulgite comprises the following steps: according to the following steps: (5-15) (g/mL) adding 5-9 wt% of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution into attapulgite according to the mass-volume ratio, stirring for 1-3h at 55-65 ℃ to obtain acidified suspension, then adding 0.3-0.5 wt% of dispersant into the acidified suspension, keeping the temperature unchanged, continuing stirring for 3-7h, centrifuging, removing supernatant, drying at 90-110 ℃, activating for 10-25min at 300 ℃, and ball-milling to obtain the attapulgite modified bentonite.
The dispersing agent comprises one or more of sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium orthophosphate.
The preparation method of the gibberellin modified β -cyclodextrin comprises the steps of I, placing β -cyclodextrin at 55-65 ℃ under the condition that the microwave power is 500-600W for microwave treatment for 2-5min to obtain β -cyclodextrin subjected to microwave treatment, adding water, wherein the mass-volume ratio of β -cyclodextrin subjected to microwave treatment to water is 1 (10-20) (g/mL), stirring at 55-65 ℃ for 1-3h, and then preserving heat at 70-80 ℃ for 10-20min to obtain β -cyclodextrin solution;
II, adding β -gibberellin accounting for 0.1-0.15% of the mass of the cyclodextrin solution into the β -cyclodextrin solution, stirring for 1-4 hours at 55-65 ℃, adding potassium persulfate accounting for 5-15% of the mass of the gibberellin, continuously stirring for 15-40 minutes, standing, performing rotary evaporation to obtain a reactant, cleaning the reactant with absolute ethyl alcohol, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the gibberellin-containing organic silicon dioxide gel.
The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: weighing raw material components according to the mass part ratio; drying and crushing the rice hulls and the plant components, adding other raw materials, mixing, and uniformly mixing to obtain the matrix.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the efficient cultivation process of the organic mung bean sprouts is simple in process, improves the yield and quality of the mung bean sprouts, has high economic benefit, produces the mung bean sprouts with high safety, no toxic or side effect, rich nutrition, fragrance, crispness, tenderness, palatability, good quality and easy digestion and absorption, can meet the requirements of consumers, and can be applied to the fields of quick production of the mung bean sprouts, industrial seedling cultivation and the like.
Detailed Description
The above summary of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be understood that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples.
Introduction of raw materials and equipment in the examples:
mung bean, variety jiu lv yi, produced by Neimeng Tongliao.
Amino acids, CAS No.: 20859-02-3, agricultural grade, available from Jinan Swallow torch chemical Co.
Sodium selenite, CAS number: 10102-18-8, food grade, available from Wuhan Jing Huanlong chemical Co., Ltd.
Sodium glutamate, CAS No.: 142-47-2, food grade, available from Shanghai Tomby industries, Inc.
Fresh amine lipid, CAS No.: 10369-83-2, model DA-6, available from Andang Quanfeng Biotechnology, Inc.
Poly gamma-glutamic acid, CAS No.: 25513-46-6, molecular weight 2 ten thousand, model TK2, purchased from Wanshaanxi Taike Biotech Co., Ltd.
Sepiolite, 200 mesh, good Xin mineral processing factory Lingshou county.
Attapulgite, 400 mesh, purchased from Wei exhibition duran warp Pin in Guyi City.
Sodium hexametaphosphate, CAS number: 10124-56-8, product number: s817848, available from Shanghai Michelin Biotechnology, Inc.
Rice hulls were purchased from Sheng agriculture, Inc., Guangzhou.
Calcium carbonate, CAS No.: 471-34-1, 3000 mesh, available from commercial Limited, Haizhou city, Lehua-Hua.
Humic acid, CAS No.: 1415-93-6, premium grade, purchased from Chengcheng chemical industry products, Ministry of ancient Engineers in ancient cities.
Zinc sulfate, CAS number: 7733-02-0, particle size 2.36mm, technical grade, from Shandong Gefeng Rui New materials Co.
Chitosan, CAS No.: 9012-76-4, 80 mesh, purchased from Wuhan, Yongshang Co-creation science and technology Co.
Pomelo peel, the mature fruit peel of trees of citrus in the family of rutaceae, the scientific name of latin: citrus maxima (Burm) Merr, Guangxi, a product area available from Yulin Yuzhou province of Xiangshu agricultural and sideline products.
Porphyra haitanensis, Latin school name: porphyra haitanensis, a plant of the family Porphyridaceae, produced by Fujian province, was purchased from Shilan food Co., Ltd.
Sea mustard, Latin school name: undaria pinnatifida Suringar, a plant of Undaria of Alariaceae, Jiangsu, is purchased from Dahlin food Co., Ltd.
β -Cyclodextrin CAS number 7585-39-9, molecular weight 1134.98, available from David chemical reagent factory, Okawa, City
Gibberellin, CAS number: 77-06-5, cat # Z0001, available from shanghai baomann biotechnology limited.
Potassium persulfate, CAS number: 7727-21-1, product number P112194, available from Shanghai Allantin Biotechnology Ltd.
The ultrasonic equipment was a Ju-1000 model ultrasonic cleaner, available from Jenpu ultrasonic Equipment, Inc.
The centrifugal equipment is a TGL-16L type high-speed centrifuge which is purchased from Beijing Tianlian Harmonious instruments and meters Limited.
The ball mill equipment was a Pulverisette type 5 four-pot planetary high energy ball mill available from the German flying instruments.
The microwave equipment is an LWMC-205 type power-adjustable microwave chemical reactor, and is purchased from Nanjing Lingjiang science and technology development, LLC.
Example 1
An efficient cultivation process of organic mung bean seedlings comprises the following steps:
selecting clean mung beans with full shapes and no insect eyes, washing the mung beans with water, washing silt and removing impurities, and firstly placing the mung beans in a 0.5 wt% sodium hypochlorite solution at 25 ℃ for disinfection for 10min, wherein the mass ratio of the mung beans to the sodium hypochlorite solution is 1: 5, taking out the mung beans, washing the mung beans with distilled water for 2 times, wherein the mass of the distilled water used each time is 1.5 times of that of the mung beans, and thus obtaining sterilized mung beans;
II, seed soaking: adding distilled water 5 times the weight of mung beans into sterilized mung beans, soaking seeds for 15min at 52 ℃, taking out the mung beans, adding the mung beans into soaking liquid 6 times the weight of mung beans, continuously soaking the seeds for 12h at 20 ℃, changing the solution every 4h, taking out the mung beans after seed soaking, and draining the surface water to obtain the mung beans after seed soaking;
III, sowing and accelerating germination: spreading a substrate with a thickness of 2cm on the seedling-raising plate, and then adding 1.8kg/m2The method comprises the steps of (1) sowing seeds of the soaked mung beans, covering a substrate with the thickness of 2cm after sowing, watering until the water content of the substrate is 60 wt%, placing the substrate at the temperature of 27 ℃ and the relative air humidity of 70% in a dark place for accelerating germination for 24 hours, setting the illumination intensity in the light to be 8000lx, setting the illumination time to be 10 hours every day, placing the substrate in the dark place for dark and light-proof treatment at other times, keeping the culture temperature at 22 ℃, controlling the relative air humidity at 75%, and keeping the water content of the substrate at 60 wt%
IV, harvesting: and after 5 days of sowing, harvesting the mung bean seedlings to obtain the organic mung bean seedlings.
The seed soaking liquid is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.04 part of amino acid, 0.02 part of sodium selenite, 0.2 part of sodium glutamate, 0.2 part of glucose, 0.008 part of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.008 part of gamma-polyglutamic acid and 100 parts of distilled water.
The preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials, and stirring at 45 and 500r/min for 1 h.
The matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 12 parts of sepiolite, 20 parts of attapulgite, 90 parts of rice hull, 8 parts of chitosan, 1 part of calcium carbonate, 0.5 part of humic acid, 0.2 part of zinc sulfate and 8.8 parts of plant components.
The plant components comprise shinny peel, porphyra haitanensis and sea mustard according to the ratio of 5: 5: 1, and mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1.
The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: weighing raw material components according to the mass part ratio; drying rice hull and plant components at 60 deg.C for 3 hr, pulverizing to 200 mesh, adding other raw materials, mixing, and stirring at 45 and 500r/min for 40min to obtain matrix.
Example 2
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the seed soaking liquid is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.04 part of amino acid, 0.02 part of sodium selenite, 0.2 part of sodium glutamate, 0.2 part of glucose, 0.016 part of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and 100 parts of distilled water.
Example 3
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the seed soaking liquid is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.04 part of amino acid, 0.02 part of sodium selenite, 0.2 part of sodium glutamate, 0.2 part of glucose, 0.016 part of gamma-polyglutamic acid and 100 parts of distilled water.
Comparative example 1
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the seed soaking liquid is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.04 part of amino acid, 0.02 part of sodium selenite, 0.2 part of sodium glutamate, 0.2 part of glucose and 100 parts of distilled water.
Example 4
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the high-efficiency cultivation process of the organic mung bean seedlings comprises the following steps:
selecting clean mung beans with full shapes and no insect eyes, washing the mung beans with water, washing silt and removing impurities, and firstly placing the mung beans in a 0.5 wt% sodium hypochlorite solution at 25 ℃ for disinfection for 10min, wherein the mass ratio of the mung beans to the sodium hypochlorite solution is 1: 5, taking out the mung beans, washing the mung beans with distilled water for 2 times, wherein the mass of the distilled water used each time is 1.5 times of that of the mung beans, and thus obtaining sterilized mung beans;
II, seed soaking: adding distilled water 5 times the weight of mung beans into sterilized mung beans, soaking seeds for 15min at 52 ℃, then performing ultrasonic treatment for 3min at 25 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic treatment is 50kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 50W, and fishing out the mung beans to obtain the ultrasonic-treated mung beans; then adding the mung beans subjected to ultrasonic treatment into seed soaking liquid which is 6 times of the mass of the mung beans subjected to ultrasonic treatment, continuously soaking seeds for 12 hours at 20 ℃, changing the solution every 4 hours, fishing out the mung beans after seed soaking is finished, and draining the surface water to obtain the mung beans subjected to seed soaking;
III, sowing and accelerating germination: spreading a substrate with a thickness of 2cm on the seedling-raising plate, and then adding 1.8kg/m2The method comprises the following steps of (1) sowing seeds of the soaked mung beans, covering a substrate with the thickness of 2cm after sowing, watering until the water content of the substrate is 60 wt%, placing the substrate at the temperature of 27 ℃ and the relative air humidity of 70% in a dark place for accelerating germination for 24 hours in a dark place, setting the illumination intensity in the light to be 8000lx, setting the illumination time to be 10 hours each day, placing the substrate in the dark and dark place for other times, keeping the culture temperature at 22 ℃, controlling the relative air humidity at 75%, and keeping the water content of the substrate at 60 wt%;
IV, harvesting: and after 5 days of sowing, harvesting the mung bean seedlings to obtain the organic mung bean seedlings.
Example 5
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the high-efficiency cultivation process of the organic mung bean seedlings comprises the following steps:
selecting clean mung beans with full shapes and no insect eyes, washing the mung beans with water, washing silt and removing impurities, and firstly placing the mung beans in a 0.5 wt% sodium hypochlorite solution at 25 ℃ for disinfection for 10min, wherein the mass ratio of the mung beans to the sodium hypochlorite solution is 1: 5, taking out the mung beans, washing the mung beans with distilled water for 2 times, wherein the mass of the distilled water used each time is 1.5 times of that of the mung beans, and thus obtaining sterilized mung beans;
II, seed soaking: adding distilled water 5 times the weight of mung beans into sterilized mung beans, soaking seeds for 15min at 52 ℃, then performing ultrasonic treatment for 3min at 25 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic treatment is 50kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 50W, and fishing out the mung beans to obtain the ultrasonic-treated mung beans; then adding the mung beans subjected to ultrasonic treatment into seed soaking liquid which is 6 times of the mass of the mung beans subjected to ultrasonic treatment, continuously soaking seeds for 12 hours at 20 ℃, changing the solution every 4 hours, fishing out the mung beans after seed soaking is finished, and draining the surface water to obtain the mung beans subjected to seed soaking;
III, sowing and accelerating germination: spreading a substrate with a thickness of 2cm on the seedling-raising plate, and then adding 1.8kg/m2The seed soaking mung beans are sown at the density, a matrix with the thickness of 2cm is covered after sowing is finished, watering is carried out until the water content of the matrix is 60 wt%, and after the matrix is placed at the temperature of 27 ℃ and the relative air humidity of 70% for light-shielding germination acceleration for 24 hours, the illumination intensity during illumination is set to be 8000lx, and the illumination time per day is 10h, performing dark and light-proof treatment at other times, keeping the culture temperature at 22 ℃, controlling the air relative humidity at 75 percent, and keeping the water content of the matrix at 60 percent by weight;
IV, harvesting: and after 5 days of sowing, harvesting the mung bean seedlings to obtain the organic mung bean seedlings.
The matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 12 parts of sepiolite, 20 parts of modified attapulgite, 90 parts of rice hull, 8 parts of chitosan, 1 part of calcium carbonate, 0.5 part of humic acid, 0.2 part of zinc sulfate and 8.8 parts of plant components.
The preparation method of the modified attapulgite comprises the following steps: according to the following steps: 8(g/mL) of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with the mass volume ratio of 8 wt% is added into the attapulgite, the mixture is stirred for 1h under the conditions of 60 ℃ and 300r/min to obtain acidified suspension, then sodium hexametaphosphate with the mass of 0.3% of the acidified suspension is added into the acidified suspension, the mixture is stirred for 4h under the conditions of 60 ℃ and 300r/min, the mixture is centrifuged for 20min under the conditions of 35 ℃ and 6000r/min, the supernatant is removed, the mixture is dried at 100 ℃ until the water content is 7 wt%, then the mixture is activated for 15min under 280 ℃, and finally the mixture is ball-milled in ball-milling equipment with the temperature of 30 ℃ and 220r/min, wherein the ball-milling medium is zirconia balls with the diameter of 10mm, the mass ratio of the balls is 2:1, and the ball-milling equipment is obtained after 3 h.
Example 6
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the high-efficiency cultivation process of the organic mung bean seedlings comprises the following steps:
selecting clean mung beans with full shapes and no insect eyes, washing the mung beans with water, washing silt and removing impurities, and firstly placing the mung beans in a 0.5 wt% sodium hypochlorite solution at 25 ℃ for disinfection for 10min, wherein the mass ratio of the mung beans to the sodium hypochlorite solution is 1: 5, taking out the mung beans, washing the mung beans with distilled water for 2 times, wherein the mass of the distilled water used each time is 1.5 times of that of the mung beans, and thus obtaining sterilized mung beans;
II, seed soaking: adding distilled water 5 times the weight of mung beans into sterilized mung beans, soaking seeds for 15min at 52 ℃, then performing ultrasonic treatment for 3min at 25 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic treatment is 50kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 50W, and fishing out the mung beans to obtain the ultrasonic-treated mung beans; then adding the mung beans subjected to ultrasonic treatment into seed soaking liquid which is 6 times of the mass of the mung beans subjected to ultrasonic treatment, continuously soaking seeds for 12 hours at 20 ℃, changing the solution every 4 hours, fishing out the mung beans after seed soaking is finished, and draining the surface water to obtain the mung beans subjected to seed soaking;
III, sowing and accelerating germination: spreading a substrate with a thickness of 2cm on the seedling-raising plate, and then adding 1.8kg/m2The method comprises the following steps of (1) sowing seeds of the soaked mung beans, covering a substrate with the thickness of 2cm after sowing, watering until the water content of the substrate is 60 wt%, placing the substrate at the temperature of 27 ℃ and the relative air humidity of 70% in a dark place for accelerating germination for 24 hours in a dark place, setting the illumination intensity in the light to be 8000lx, setting the illumination time to be 10 hours each day, placing the substrate in the dark and dark place for other times, keeping the culture temperature at 22 ℃, controlling the relative air humidity at 75%, and keeping the water content of the substrate at 60 wt%;
IV, harvesting: and after 5 days of sowing, harvesting the mung bean seedlings to obtain the organic mung bean seedlings.
The matrix is prepared from 12 parts of sepiolite, 20 parts of modified attapulgite, 90 parts of rice hulls, 8 parts of chitosan, 1 part of calcium carbonate, 0.5 part of humic acid, 0.2 part of zinc sulfate, 8.8 parts of plant components and 5 parts of gibberellin modified β -cyclodextrin.
The preparation method of the modified attapulgite comprises the following steps: according to the following steps: 8(g/mL) of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with the mass volume ratio of 8 wt% is added into the attapulgite, the mixture is stirred for 1h under the conditions of 60 ℃ and 300r/min to obtain acidified suspension, then sodium hexametaphosphate with the mass of 0.3% of the acidified suspension is added into the acidified suspension, the mixture is stirred for 4h under the conditions of 60 ℃ and 300r/min, the mixture is centrifuged for 20min under the conditions of 35 ℃ and 6000r/min, the supernatant is removed, the mixture is dried at 100 ℃ until the water content is 7 wt%, then the mixture is activated for 15min under 280 ℃, and finally the mixture is ball-milled in ball-milling equipment with the temperature of 30 ℃ and 220r/min, wherein the ball-milling medium is zirconia balls with the diameter of 10mm, the mass ratio of the balls is 2:1, and the ball-milling equipment is obtained after 3 h.
The preparation method of the gibberellin-modified β -cyclodextrin comprises the steps of I, placing β -cyclodextrin at 60 ℃ and under the condition that the microwave power is 560W, performing microwave treatment for 3min to obtain β -cyclodextrin subjected to microwave treatment, adding deionized water, placing β -cyclodextrin subjected to microwave treatment and deionized water at the mass-volume ratio of 1: 12(g/mL), stirring for 2h at 60 ℃ and 500r/min, and then preserving heat at 80 ℃ for 15min to obtain β -cyclodextrin solution;
II, adding β -gibberellin accounting for 0.12 percent of the mass of the cyclodextrin solution into the β -cyclodextrin solution, stirring for 2 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ and the pressure of 500r/min, adding potassium persulfate accounting for 10 percent of the mass of the gibberellin, keeping the temperature and the rotating speed unchanged, continuing stirring for 30 minutes, standing for 2 hours, performing rotary evaporation for 4 hours at the temperature of 55 ℃ and the absolute pressure of 0.06MPa to obtain a reactant, cleaning the reactant by adopting absolute ethyl alcohol accounting for 2 times of the mass of the reactant, and finally performing vacuum drying for 4 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ and the absolute pressure of 0.08MPa to obtain the gibberellin-cyclodextrin.
Comparative example 2
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 12 parts of sepiolite, 20 parts of attapulgite, 90 parts of rice hull, 8 parts of chitosan, 1 part of calcium carbonate, 0.5 part of humic acid and 0.2 part of zinc sulfate.
The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: weighing raw material components according to the mass part ratio; drying rice hull at 60 deg.C for 3h, pulverizing to 200 mesh, adding other raw materials, mixing, and stirring at 45 and 500r/min for 40min to obtain matrix.
Comparative example 3
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 12 parts of sepiolite, 90 parts of rice hull, 8 parts of chitosan, 1 part of calcium carbonate, 0.5 part of humic acid, 0.2 part of zinc sulfate and 8.8 parts of plant components.
The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: weighing raw material components according to the mass part ratio; drying rice hull and plant components at 60 deg.C for 3 hr, pulverizing to 200 mesh, adding other raw materials, mixing, and stirring at 45 and 500r/min for 40min to obtain matrix.
Test example 1
And (3) testing the growth condition: the germination rate and the plant bud length of the organic mung bean seedlings are measured by referring to the measuring method in section 1.3 of journal literature of Liuchenxia, namely ethephon influence on growth and quality of mung bean sprouts, and specific test results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: growth test results table
From the test results, the growth regulator in the nutrient solution of example 1 is formed by mixing diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and gamma-polyglutamic acid, and the germination rate and the plant bud length of the organic mung bean seedlings are higher than those of the organic mung bean seedlings of examples 2-3 (the growth regulator is one of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and gamma-polyglutamic acid) and the organic mung bean seedlings of comparative example 1 without the growth regulator; in example 4, the mung beans were subjected to ultrasonic treatment during the seed soaking process, so that the growth and development of mung bean sprouts were further promoted compared with example 1.
Test example 2
And (3) testing the growth condition: the crude protein content and the chlorophyll content of the organic mung bean sprout are determined by referring to a determination method of protein in national standard food of food safety standard GB5009.5-2010 and a determination method of indexes in section 1.4 of journal literature of Tan ren Hao, namely influence of different blue-red light quality combined LED lamps on the growth of mung bean sprout vegetables, and specific test results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: growth test results table
According to the test results, the attapulgite clay in the matrix is modified in the example 5, the modified attapulgite clay has better porous adsorption performance, and the modified attapulgite clay has synergistic effect with other raw materials of the matrix, so that the matrix prepared by the method has good water and fertilizer retention capacity, the nutrient content of the mung bean sprouts is improved compared with the nutrient content of the mung bean sprouts in the example 1 without modifying the attapulgite clay, the gibberellin-modified β -cyclodextrin added into the matrix in the example 6 can effectively increase the activity of root systems and promote the nutrient absorption of the root systems, and the like, and the nutrient content of the mung bean sprouts is further improved compared with the example 5.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, and that all equivalent and simple variations on the principles taught herein are included within the scope of the present invention; various modifications, additions and substitutions for the specific embodiments described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (10)
1. An efficient cultivation process of organic mung bean seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
i, cleaning and disinfecting: selecting clean mung beans with plump shapes and no insect eyes, washing the mung beans with water, washing silt and removing impurities, placing the mung beans in a sodium hypochlorite solution for disinfection for 5-20min, wherein the mass ratio of the mung beans to the sodium hypochlorite solution is 1: (4-10), taking out the mung beans, and washing the mung beans with water for 1-3 times to obtain sterilized mung beans;
II, seed soaking: adding water 5-10 times the weight of mung beans into sterilized mung beans, soaking seeds for 10-15min at 45-55 ℃, taking out mung beans, adding the mung beans into seed soaking liquid 3-10 times the weight of mung beans, continuously soaking seeds for 8-20h at 20-25 ℃, changing the solution every 3-4h, taking out mung beans after seed soaking, and draining the surface water to obtain the seed soaking mung beans;
III, sowing and accelerating germination: paving a substrate with the thickness of 1-3cm on a seedling raising tray, sowing the soaked mung beans, covering the substrate with the thickness of 1-3cm after sowing, watering until the water content of the substrate is 60-70 wt%, placing the substrate at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ and the relative air humidity of 70-80% for light-proof germination acceleration for 20-26h, setting the illumination intensity during illumination to be 6000 and 9000lx, the illumination time every day to be 10-12h, placing the substrate in dark for dark treatment at other times, keeping the culture temperature at 22-25 ℃, controlling the relative air humidity at 75-80% and keeping the water content of the substrate at 60-70 wt%;
IV, harvesting: and after sowing for 5-15 days, harvesting the mung bean seedlings to obtain the organic mung bean seedlings.
2. The efficient cultivation process of the organic mung bean seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the seed soaking liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.03-0.05 part of amino acid, 0.01-0.03 part of sodium selenite, 0.2-0.3 part of sodium glutamate, 0.15-0.3 part of glucose, 0.015-0.03 part of growth regulator and 95-110 parts of water.
3. A process for efficiently cultivating organic green bean seedlings according to claim 2, wherein the growth regulator comprises diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and/or gamma-polyglutamic acid.
4. The efficient cultivation process of organic mung bean seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-16 parts of sepiolite, 16-30 parts of attapulgite or modified attapulgite, 80-100 parts of rice husk, 6-12 parts of chitosan, 1-2 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5-1 part of humic acid, 0.2-0.8 part of zinc sulfate and 6-14 parts of plant components.
5. The efficient cultivation process of organic mung bean seedlings according to claim 4, wherein the preparation method of the modified attapulgite comprises the following steps: according to the following steps: (5-15) (g/mL) adding 5-9 wt% of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution into attapulgite according to the mass-volume ratio, stirring for 1-3h at 55-65 ℃ to obtain acidified suspension, then adding 0.3-0.5 wt% of dispersant into the acidified suspension, keeping the temperature unchanged, continuing stirring for 3-7h, centrifuging, removing supernatant, drying at 90-110 ℃, activating for 10-25min at 300 ℃, and ball-milling to obtain the attapulgite modified bentonite.
6. A high-efficiency cultivation process of organic mung bean seedlings according to claim 5, wherein the dispersant comprises one or more of sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium orthophosphate.
7. The efficient cultivation process of organic mung bean seedlings according to claim 4, wherein the plant components are prepared from the raw materials of the asparagus fern, the porphyra haitanensis and the mustard juncea according to the weight ratio of (5-20): (5-20): (1-4) in a mass ratio.
8. The efficient cultivation process of organic mung bean seedlings according to claim 4, wherein the substrate comprises, by mass, 3-6 parts of gibberellin-modified β -cyclodextrin.
9. The efficient cultivation process of organic mung bean seedlings according to claim 8, wherein the preparation method of the gibberellin-modified β -cyclodextrin comprises the following steps:
firstly, β -cyclodextrin is placed under the conditions of 55-65 ℃ and microwave power of 500-600W for microwave treatment for 2-5min to obtain β -cyclodextrin subjected to microwave treatment, then water is added, the mass volume ratio of β -cyclodextrin subjected to microwave treatment to water is 1 (10-20) (g/mL), the mixture is stirred for 1-3h at 55-65 ℃, and then the temperature is kept for 10-20min at 70-80 ℃ to obtain β -cyclodextrin solution;
II, adding β -gibberellin accounting for 0.1-0.15% of the mass of the cyclodextrin solution into the β -cyclodextrin solution, stirring for 1-4 hours at 55-65 ℃, adding potassium persulfate accounting for 5-15% of the mass of the gibberellin, continuously stirring for 15-40 minutes, standing, performing rotary evaporation to obtain a reactant, cleaning the reactant with absolute ethyl alcohol, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the gibberellin-containing organic silicon dioxide gel.
10. The efficient cultivation process of organic mung bean seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the seed soaking in the step II comprises the following steps: adding water 5-10 times the weight of mung beans into the sterilized mung beans, soaking seeds for 10-15min at 45-55 ℃, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2-10min, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic treatment is 50-240kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 20-50W, and fishing out the mung beans to obtain the ultrasonic-treated mung beans; then adding the mung beans subjected to ultrasonic treatment into seed soaking liquid which is 3-10 times of the mass of the mung beans subjected to ultrasonic treatment, continuously soaking seeds for 8-20h at 20-25 ℃, changing the solution every 3-4h, fishing out the mung beans after seed soaking, and draining the surface water to obtain the mung beans subjected to seed soaking.
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