CN105052543B - A kind of method of artificial cultivation Chinese wax umbrella - Google Patents

A kind of method of artificial cultivation Chinese wax umbrella Download PDF

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CN105052543B
CN105052543B CN201510465397.6A CN201510465397A CN105052543B CN 105052543 B CN105052543 B CN 105052543B CN 201510465397 A CN201510465397 A CN 201510465397A CN 105052543 B CN105052543 B CN 105052543B
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贾富海
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of method of artificial cultivation Chinese wax umbrella.Chinese wax umbrella micronutrient levels is high, the superfine product being listed in for this in bacterium.The Chinese wax destroying angel that the present invention is arrived using field acquisition, pass through reasonable disposition one-level, two level, three-class strain culture formula, control the factor such as nutrition, temperature, humidity, illumination, air ambient, acid-base value in mushroom incubation, realize Chinese wax agaric kind artificial cultivation, with higher cultivation efficiency, while there is larger research and development value.

Description

A kind of method of artificial cultivation Chinese wax umbrella
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of artificial cultivation Chinese wax umbrella.Chinese wax umbrella micronutrient levels is high, and bacterium is listed in for this In superfine product.The present invention realizes Chinese wax agaric kind artificial cultivation, has higher cultivation efficiency, while have larger research And Development volue.
Background technology
By Beijing Science Press《The deep bacterium of China》Middle symbol page 67 describes Chinese wax umbrella, Chinese nickname, ivory Chinese wax umbrella；Draw Fourth literature entitled Hygrophoruseburnesus (Bull.) Fr.,；Japanese first name, viscous Umbrella is fine and soft in vain；English is entitled Whitewaxycap, ivorywaxycap.Chinese wax umbrella entity is smaller, white, 2~8CM of bacteria cover diameter, flat hemispherical to open and flat, White, it is smooth with yellow or with pink.Bacterial context color.Lamella closely prolongs life, dilute, stem length 5~13CM, thick 0.3~1.5CM, closely Particle shape, bottom are gradually wandered, smooth, and scale is arranged at top, and spore is coloured, smooth, ellipse, 6~9.5x3~5um.Broad-leaf forest or mixed friendship Ground all living creatures or grown thickly in woods, be distributed the ground such as Yunnan, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Guangdong, Taiwan, Liaoning.
Chinese wax umbrella, flat property and sweet taste, there is relieving the five internal organs, aid digestion, according to analysis, Chinese wax umbrella is rich in polypeptide, and polysaccharide and acid amides are contour Molecular compound, especially other edible mushrooms are free of or content is few biological organic germanium and the content of organism organic selenium it is high it Or there is antitumaous effect.Chinese wax umbrella meat tenderness is delicious, and itself is included in luxury dish, even more first-class edible mushroom as mountain delicacy Tea, its nutrition are extremely enriched in summary, it is seen that it is undisputed that they are described as " peak of food ".
From the viewpoint of modern nutriology, only vegetarian diet is that not all right, excessive animal food also has side effect to the mankind, should be increased Add " bacterium food "." vegetarian diet ", " animal food ", " bacterium food " are combined, and could obtain full nutrition.It can be seen that development edible mushroom, especially in vain Wax umbrella, really can the improvement China diet structure, it is horizontal to improve people's health.Chinese wax parachute kit has certain medical value, I There is the record cured the disease using mushroom in state very early, and ancient medicine man repeatedly points out in ancient books and records, and often eating certain this mushroom class energy, " intelligence development is opened The heart ", " the good color of strengthening the bones and muscles ", even " QI invigorating is not hungry, lengthens the life and makes light of one's life by commiting suicide ".With the progress of medical science, these marvellous functions progressively obtain It is especially notable to confirmation, the function of Chinese wax umbrella.
Problem is, Chinese wax umbrella requires higher to growth conditions, and the slight variation or difference of temperature humidity can cause white The cultivation of wax umbrella is unsuccessful.Therefore how the Chinese wax agaric kind extracted using field realizes artificial cultivation, is to need to solve the problems, such as, Simultaneously how using the Chinese wax umbrella continuation artificial cultivation tamed, and cultivation efficiency how is improved, realize that people are edible or make It is to need to solve the problems, such as with purpose.
The content of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of method of artificial cultivation Chinese wax umbrella.
There are following biological characteristics in Chinese wax umbrella growth course：
(1) nutrition：The carbon source that the growth of Chinese wax umbrella needs has cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, sucrose etc.；Nitrogen source has albumen Matter, organic ammonia；Trace element has germanium, selenium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc vitamin etc. is added in culture medium；
(2) temperature：20~30 DEG C of the preference temperature of mycelial growth.25 DEG C or so of optimum temperature, more than 36 DEG C or less than 5 DEG C, growth stops, 20~25 DEG C of sporophore growth optimum temperature；
(3) humidity：It is 50~70% that mycelial growth, which needs Compost moisture content,；The air that sporophore growth needs is relatively wet Degree 85%~95%, less than 70% sporophore growth slowly or stop growing；
(4) illumination：Chinese wax umbrella mycelial growth does not need light, and fruit-body formation needs enough scattering light；
(5) air：Ventilation 1~2 time daily, one hour every time, outdoor wind is prevented to be directly blown onto on mushroom body during ventilation.
Technical scheme is as follows：
1. a kind of method of artificial cultivation Chinese wax umbrella, including：
S1. Chinese wax destroying angel is gathered；
S2. fructification surface irregularities are removed, with 75% alcohol surface sterilization, take 5mm × 3mm × 3mm hyphostroma transposings to arrive On parent species slant tube culture medium, 5~36 DEG C incubated, 15~18 days, obtains first class inoculum；The parent species test tube slant training It is 2 grams of soluble starch to support based formulas, 2 grams of maltose, 2 grams of glucose, 0.5 gram of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 gram of calcium sulfate, biphosphate 0.25 gram of potassium, 20 grams, distilled water 1000ml of agar, adjust pH value 6.5~7.5；
Above-mentioned parent species test tube slant culture medium prescription can also be 30 grams of malt extract, 8 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate 6 Gram, 25 grams, distilled water 1000ml of agar, adjust pH to 6.5~7.5.
S3. second class inoculum culture：By oat grain, weed tree sawdust, it is soaked in water after 12 hours, dries, after steaming 30min, cooling To 15~20 DEG C, adding sucrose, wheat bran, each quality of material proportioning is oat grain 96%, sucrose 1%, wheat bran 1%, weed tree sawdust 2%, PH value 7.5~8.5 is adjusted, adds water to water content reaches gross mass 50~70%；Stir, bottling sterilizing, use 1.5Kg/cm2, 121 DEG C of autoclaving mode, sterilize 3 hours, be cooled to 30 DEG C, access first class inoculum；Cultivation temperature be 5~ 36 DEG C, 20~30 days bacteria time, obtain second class inoculum；
S4. three-class strain culture, including step：
S41. the prescription quality ratio of compost is weed tree sawdust 60~70%, wheat bran 10~15%, calcium carbonate 2~3%, White sugar 1~3%, calcium superphosphate 1~3%, cotton seed hulls 20~26%, regulation pH value to 7.5~8.5；
S42. compost is packed, culture bag used is 17cm × 33cm polypropylene plastics pockets, sack sealing, is adjusted in bag Water content is to 50~70%；
S43. sterilize：Pot sterilizing is filled after installing bag；
S44. the second class inoculum generated in step S3 being accessed into compost, cultivation temperature is 5~36 DEG C, the bacteria time 30~ 40 days, obtain three-class strain；
S5. Chinese wax umbrella uses plastic bag cultivation mode culture, including step：
S51. the prescription quality ratio of compost is weed tree sawdust 60~70%, wheat bran 10~15%, calcium carbonate 2~3%, White sugar 1~3%, calcium superphosphate 1~3%, cotton seed hulls 26~30%, regulation pH value to 7.5~8.5；
S52. compost packs, and three-class strain is mixed into pack with compost, every bag of three-class strain is dispensed into 10~12 bags In compost, culture bag used is 55cm × 18cm polypropylene plastics pockets, sack sealing, adjust in bag water content to 50~ 70%；
S53. sterilize：Pot sterilizing is filled after installing bag；
S54. it is inoculated with：It is inoculated with the second class inoculum turned out using step S3；When material temperature is cooled to less than 30 DEG C in bag When, start to be inoculated with, every bag of inoculation 10~13g strain；
S6. bacteria：Bacteria 50~60 days after inoculation, cultivation temperature are 5~36 DEG C；
S7. fruiting：After Chinese wax agaric kind physiological maturity, sack covering is removed；Control relative air humidity 70~ 95%, 20~25 DEG C of temperature, scatter illumination, twice daily, ventilation in 1~2 hour every time, 6~8 days compost surface shapes Into mushroom flower bud；
S8. harvest：In gnotobasis, fructification is taken out from bag, obtains first batch of mushroom；25ml is sprayed into bacterium bag Water, sack is sealed, control relative air humidity 70~95%, 20~25 DEG C of temperature, receive regrowth hair mushroom within 15~30 days；Every bag can receive 3~4 batches of mushrooms, whole 60~70 days growth periods.
Under preferred embodiment, step S2, in any one step of S3, S44 or S6, the cultivation temperature is 20~30 DEG C.
Under optimum way, step S2, in any one step of S3, S44 or S6, the cultivation temperature is 25 DEG C.
Under preferred embodiment, in step S7 or S8, the relative air humidity 85~95%.
Under preferred embodiment, sterilizing methods described in step S43 or S53 can use normal-pressure sterilization or autoclaving, normal-pressure sterilization For 100 DEG C, kept for 15 hours；High-pressure sterilizing method is 1.5Kg/cm2, 121 DEG C of pressure, kept for 2~3 hours.
At present, commercially price is 240 yuan of per kilogram to Chinese wax umbrella fresh goods, because Chinese wax umbrella micronutrient levels is high, is This is listed in the superfine product in bacterium.The present invention realizes Chinese wax agaric kind artificial cultivation, has higher cultivation efficiency, has simultaneously Larger research and development value.
Embodiment
The method of artificial cultivation Chinese wax umbrella of the present invention is summarized as follows：
1. gather Chinese wax destroying angel.
2. removing fructification surface irregularities, with 75% alcohol surface sterilization, 5mm × 3mm × 3mm is gripped with aseptic nipper Hyphostroma transposing is on parent species slant tube culture medium, and tampon, puts i.e. visible after being cultivated 5 days under 5 DEG C~36 DEG C constant temperature beyond the Great Wall White hairy mycelia is produced on tissue block；Hairy mycelia covers with slant tube within 15~18 days, obtains first class inoculum；Cultivation temperature is 20~30 DEG C more excellent, and optimum culturing temperature is 25 DEG C.
Above-mentioned parent species slant tube medium culture material formula is：
Parent species test tube slant culture medium prescription (1)：2 grams of soluble starch, 2 grams of maltose, 2 grams of glucose, magnesium sulfate 0.5 gram, 0.5 gram of calcium sulfate, 0.25 gram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 grams, distilled water 1000ml of agar, adjust pH value 6.5~7.5.
Parent species test tube slant culture medium prescription (2)：30 grams of malt extract, 8 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 grams of potassium carbonate, agar 25 Gram, distilled water 1000ml, adjust pH6.5~7.5.
3. second class inoculum culture:By oat grain, weed tree sawdust, after being soaked 12 hours with cold water, drain, be steamed in pot 30 minutes Afterwards, 15~20 DEG C are cooled to, adds sucrose, wheat bran, each material proportion is oat grain 96%, sucrose 1%, wheat bran 1%, weed tree sawdust 2%, pH value 7.5~8.5 is adjusted, adds water to water content reaches gross mass 50%~70%；Stir, bottling sterilizing, adopt Use 1.5Kg/cm2, 121 DEG C of autoclaving mode, sterilize 3 hours, after taking the dish out of the pot, be cooled to 30 DEG C, access first class inoculum；Culture Temperature is 5 DEG C~36 DEG C, preferably 20~30 DEG C, 20~30 days bacteria time, obtains second class inoculum.
4. three-class strain cultural method：
(1) formula rate of compost is weed tree sawdust 60%~70%, wheat bran 10~15%, calcium carbonate 2~3%, white sugar 1 ~3%, calcium superphosphate 1~3%, cotton seed hulls 20~26%, regulation pH value to 7.5~8.5；
(2) compost is packed, culture bag used is 17cm × 33cm polypropylene plastics pockets, in the requirement of compost elasticity Tight lower pine, sack puts forth one's strength circle plus tampon or non-cotton cover covers, and adjusts in bag water content to 50~70%；
(3) sterilize：Pot sterilizing is filled after installing bag；Sterilizing can use normal-pressure sterilization or autoclaving；Normal-pressure sterilization, it is quick to rise Temperature, after temperature reaches 100 DEG C, do not cool, kept for 15 hours.Treat that bag temperature drop can take the dish out of the pot to 70 DEG C after extinguishing；Autoclaving needs Want 1.5Kg/cm2, 121 DEG C, kept for 2~3 hours；
(4) by the second class inoculum generated in step 3 access compost cultivation temperature be 5 DEG C~36 DEG C, preferably 20~30 DEG C, 30~40 days bacteria time, obtain three-class strain.
5. Chinese wax umbrella uses plastic bag cultivation mode culture：
(1) formula rate of compost is weed tree sawdust 60%~70%, wheat bran 10~15%, calcium carbonate 2~3%, white sugar 1 ~3%, calcium superphosphate 1~3%, cotton seed hulls 20~26%, regulation pH value to 7.5~8.5；
(2) compost packs, and divides three layers of pack of upper, middle and lower to mix pack, every bag of three-class strain with compost three-class strain Be dispensed into 10~12 bags of composts, culture bag used is 55cm × 18cm polypropylene plastics pockets, sack put forth one's strength circle plus tampon or Non-cotton cover covers, and adjusts in bag water content to 50~70%；
(3) sterilize：Pot sterilizing is filled after installing bag；Sterilizing can use normal-pressure sterilization or autoclaving；Normal-pressure sterilization, it is quick to rise Temperature, after temperature reaches 100 DEG C, do not cool, kept for 15 hours.Treat that bag temperature drop can take the dish out of the pot to 70 DEG C after truce；Autoclaving needs Want 1.5Kg/cm2, 121 DEG C, kept for 2~3 hours；
(4) it is inoculated with：It is inoculated with the second class inoculum turned out using step 3；Inoculation need to enter in bacterium room or inoculating hood is connect OK；When material temperature is cooled to below 30 DEG C in bag, start to be inoculated with, every bag of inoculation 10~13g strain.
6. bacteria：
(1) Spawn incubation temperature is 5 DEG C~36 DEG C, preferably 20~30 DEG C；
(2) 2~3 days after being inoculated with, it is inoculated with block and sprouts very thin mycelia, and progressively " material feeding ", into new compost Growth；
If " not material feeding " is because compost excess moisture or very few, normal moisture are 65%, or pH value is improper Caused by, or temperature is low slow-growing, to be directed to reason and adjust；
(3) 30~35 days after being inoculated with, mycelia covers with compost in bacterium bag, but compost is not completely covered；
(4) 50~60 days after being inoculated with, now mycelia have accumulated a large amount of nutrition, and bacterium bag is pinched with hand, have the hard sense of top hand point, now Chinese wax agaric kind reaches physiological maturity.
7. fruiting：After Chinese wax agaric kind physiological maturity, the covering such as sack tampon and strength circle is removed, surface is dug up and plants always Block；Sack is stretched into cylindrical shape, covers mulch film moisture-keeping, ground work of water sprinkling for better material moisture above；Relative air humidity control 70~ 95%, preferably 85~95%, 20~25 DEG C of temperature；Give faint scattering illumination and twice daily, 1~2 hour every time Ventilation carries out flower bud, and 6~8 days compost surfaces form a large amount of mushroom flower buds.
Earthward work of water sprinkling for better material moisture, but water can not be directly disputed on mushroom body when humidity is relatively low in mushroom house, or flow into bag.Temperature Humidity can not be too big when spending high, otherwise can cause disease.Mushroom house temperature control is at 20~25 DEG C, and in a word, Chinese wax destroying angel exists It is noted that temperature control in growth course, control is wet, controls illumination, and suitably divulges information, and carries out comprehensive adjustment, improve Chinese wax umbrella quality and Yield.
8. harvesting：Both hands are cleaned, sterilization, and fructification is connected to root taking-up from bag, obtains first batch of mushroom；Sprayed into bacterium bag 25ml water, sack is sealed, and relative air humidity control is in 70~95%, preferably 85~95%, 20~25 DEG C of temperature, 15~ Regrowth hair mushroom can be received within 30 days；Every bag can receive 3~4 batches of mushrooms, about 60~70 days whole growth periods, average every bag can produce fresh mushroom 400~ 500 grams.
Example 1
1. gather Chinese wax destroying angel.
2. removing fructification surface irregularities, with 75% alcohol surface sterilization, 5mm × 3mm × 3mm is gripped with aseptic nipper Hyphostroma transposing is on parent species slant tube culture medium, and tampon, puts i.e. visible tissue block after being cultivated 5 days under 5 DEG C of constant temperature beyond the Great Wall It is upper to produce white hairy mycelia；18 days hairy mycelia cover with slant tube and obtain first class inoculum；The parent species slant tube culture Base culture material formula is：2 grams of soluble starch, 2 grams of maltose, 2 grams of glucose, 0.5 gram of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 gram of calcium sulfate, phosphoric acid 0.25 gram of potassium dihydrogen, 20 grams, distilled water 1000ml of agar, adjust pH value 7.5.
3. second class inoculum culture:By oat grain, weed tree sawdust, after being soaked 12 hours with cold water, drain, be steamed in pot 30 minutes Afterwards, 15~20 DEG C are cooled to, adds sucrose, wheat bran, each material proportion is oat grain 96%, sucrose 1%, wheat bran 1%, weed tree sawdust 2%, pH value 7.5 is adjusted, adds water to water content reaches gross mass 50%；Stir, bottling sterilizing, using 1.5Kg/cm2, 121 DEG C of autoclaving mode, sterilize 3 hours, after taking the dish out of the pot, be cooled to 30 DEG C, access first class inoculum；Cultivation temperature is 5 DEG C, is supported 30 days bacterium time, obtain second class inoculum.
4. three-class strain culture：
(1) formula rate of compost is weed tree sawdust 60%, and wheat bran 15%, calcium carbonate 2% is same, white sugar 1%, calcium superphosphate 2%, cotton seed hulls 20%, regulation pH value to 7.5；
(2) compost is packed, culture bag used is 17cm × 33cm polypropylene plastics pockets, in the requirement of compost elasticity Tight lower pine, sack puts forth one's strength circle plus tampon or non-cotton cover covers, and adjusts in bag water content to 50%；
(3) sterilize：Pot sterilizing is filled after installing bag；Sterilizing can use normal-pressure sterilization or autoclaving；Normal-pressure sterilization, it is quick to rise Temperature, after temperature reaches 100 DEG C, do not cool, kept for 15 hours；
(4) it is 5 DEG C the second class inoculum generated in step 3 to be accessed into compost cultivation temperature, 40 days bacteria time, is obtained Three-class strain.
5. Chinese wax umbrella uses plastic bag cultivation mode culture：
(1) formula rate of compost is weed tree sawdust 60%, and wheat bran 15%, calcium carbonate 2% is same, white sugar 1%, crosses phosphorus Sour calcium 2%, cotton seed hulls 20%, regulation pH value to 7.5；
(2) compost packs, and divides three layers of pack of upper, middle and lower to mix pack, every bag of three-class strain with compost three-class strain It is dispensed into 10 bags of composts, culture bag used is 55cm × 18cm polypropylene plastics pockets, and sack, which puts forth one's strength to enclose, adds tampon or without cotton Lid covers, and adjusts in bag water content to 50%；
(3) sterilize：Pot sterilizing is filled after installing bag, autoclaving needs 1.5Kg/cm2, 121 DEG C, kept for 2 hours；
(4) it is inoculated with：It is inoculated with the second class inoculum turned out using step 3；Inoculation need to enter in bacterium room or inoculating hood is connect OK；When material temperature is cooled to below 30 DEG C in bag, start to be inoculated with, every bag of inoculation 10g strain.
6. bacteria：
(1) Spawn incubation temperature is 5 DEG C；
(2) 3 days after being inoculated with, it is inoculated with block and sprouts very thin mycelia, and progressively " material feeding ", it is raw into new compost It is long；
(3) 35 days after being inoculated with, mycelia covers with compost in bacterium bag, but compost is not completely covered；
(4) 60 days after being inoculated with, now mycelia have accumulated a large amount of nutrition, and bacterium bag is pinched with hand, have the hard sense of top hand point, now Chinese wax Agaric kind reaches physiological maturity.
7. fruiting：After Chinese wax agaric kind physiological maturity, the covering such as sack tampon and strength circle is removed, surface is dug up and plants always Block；Sack is stretched into cylindrical shape, covers mulch film moisture-keeping, ground work of water sprinkling for better material moisture above；Relative air humidity control is 70%, temperature 20 DEG C of degree；Faint scattering illumination and twice daily is given, the ventilation of 1~2 hour every time carries out flower bud, 8 days composts Surface forms a large amount of mushroom flower buds.
8. harvesting：Both hands are cleaned, sterilization, and fructification is connected to root taking-up from bag, obtains first batch of mushroom；Sprayed into bacterium bag 25ml water, sack is sealed, and relative air humidity control is 70%, 20 DEG C of temperature；Receive regrowth hair mushroom within 30 days；Receive three batches of mushrooms within 60 days, Average every bag can produce 400 grams of fresh mushroom.
Example 2
1. gather Chinese wax destroying angel.
2. removing fructification surface irregularities, with 75% alcohol surface sterilization, 5mm × 3mm × 3mm is gripped with aseptic nipper Hyphostroma transposing is on parent species slant tube culture medium, and tampon, puts i.e. visible tissue block after being cultivated 5 days under 36 DEG C of constant temperature beyond the Great Wall It is upper to produce white hairy mycelia；Hairy mycelia covers with slant tube within 18 days, obtains first class inoculum.
Above-mentioned parent species test tube slant culture medium prescription is 30 grams of malt extract, 8 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 grams of potassium carbonate, fine jade 25 grams, distilled water 1000ml of fat, adjust pH7.5.
3. second class inoculum culture:By oat grain, weed tree sawdust, after being soaked 12 hours with cold water, drain, be steamed in pot 30 minutes Afterwards, 15~20 DEG C are cooled to, adds sucrose, wheat bran, each material proportion is oat grain 96%, sucrose 1%, wheat bran 1%, weed tree sawdust 2%, pH value 8.5 is adjusted, adds water to water content reaches gross mass 70%；Stir, bottling sterilizing, using 1.5Kg/cm2, 121 DEG C of autoclaving mode, sterilize 3 hours, after taking the dish out of the pot, be cooled to 30 DEG C, access first class inoculum；Cultivation temperature is 36 DEG C, 30 days bacteria time, obtain second class inoculum.
4. three-class strain culture：
(1) formula rate of compost is weed tree sawdust 60%, and wheat bran 10%, calcium carbonate 5% is same, white sugar 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, cotton seed hulls 26%, regulation pH value to 8.5；
(2) compost is packed, culture bag used is 17cm × 33cm polypropylene plastics pockets, in the requirement of compost elasticity Tight lower pine, sack puts forth one's strength circle plus tampon or non-cotton cover covers, and adjusts in bag water content to 70%；
(3) sterilize：Pot sterilizing is filled after installing bag；Sterilizing can use normal-pressure sterilization or autoclaving；Normal-pressure sterilization, it is quick to rise Temperature, after temperature reaches 100 DEG C, do not cool, kept for 15 hours；
(4) it is that cultivation temperature is 36 DEG C by the second class inoculum generated in step 3 access compost cultivation temperature, the bacteria time 40 days, obtain three-class strain.
5. Chinese wax umbrella uses plastic bag cultivation mode culture：
(1) formula rate of compost is weed tree sawdust 60%, and wheat bran 10%, calcium carbonate 5% is same, white sugar 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, cotton seed hulls 26%, regulation pH value to 8.5；
(2) compost packs, and divides three layers of pack of upper, middle and lower to mix pack, every bag of three-class strain with compost three-class strain Be dispensed into 10~12 bags of composts, culture bag used is 55cm × 18cm polypropylene plastics pockets, sack put forth one's strength circle plus tampon or Non-cotton cover covers, and adjusts in bag water content to 70%；
(3) sterilize：Pot is filled after installing bag, normal-pressure sterilization, is rapidly heated, after temperature reaches 100 DEG C, is not cooled, keeps 15 Hour, treat that bag temperature drop can take the dish out of the pot to 70 DEG C；
(4) it is inoculated with：It is inoculated with the second class inoculum turned out using step 3；Inoculation need to enter in bacterium room or inoculating hood is connect OK；When material temperature is cooled to below 30 DEG C in bag, start to be inoculated with, every bag of inoculation 13g strain.
6. bacteria：
(1) Spawn incubation temperature is 36 DEG C；
(2) 3 days after being inoculated with, it is inoculated with block and sprouts very thin mycelia, and progressively " material feeding ", it is raw into new compost It is long；
(3) 35 days after being inoculated with, mycelia covers with compost in bacterium bag, but compost is not completely covered；
(4) 60 days after being inoculated with, now mycelia have accumulated a large amount of nutrition, and bacterium bag is pinched with hand, have the hard sense of top hand point, now Chinese wax Agaric kind reaches physiological maturity.
7. fruiting：After Chinese wax agaric kind physiological maturity, remove tampon and strength circle removes sack covering, dig up surface and plant always Block；Sack is stretched into cylindrical shape, covers mulch film moisture-keeping, ground work of water sprinkling for better material moisture above；Relative air humidity control is 95%, temperature 25 DEG C of degree；Faint scattering illumination and twice daily is given, the ventilation of 1~2 hour every time carries out flower bud, 8 days composts Surface forms a large amount of mushroom flower buds.
8. harvesting：Both hands are cleaned, sterilization, and fructification is connected to root taking-up from bag, obtains first batch of mushroom；Sprayed into bacterium bag 25ml water, sack is sealed into relative air humidity control 95%, 25 DEG C of temperature, regrowth hair mushroom can be received within 30 days；Three batches can be received within 70 days Mushroom, average every bag can produce 412 grams of fresh mushroom.
Example 3
1. gather Chinese wax destroying angel.
2. removing fructification surface irregularities, with 75% alcohol surface sterilization, 5mm × 3mm × 3mm is gripped with aseptic nipper Hyphostroma transposing is on parent species slant tube culture medium, and tampon, puts i.e. visible tissue block after being cultivated 5 days under 20 DEG C of constant temperature beyond the Great Wall It is upper to produce white hairy mycelia；Hairy mycelia covers with slant tube within 16 days, obtains first class inoculum.
Above-mentioned parent species test tube slant culture medium prescription (2)：30 grams of malt extract, 8 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 grams of potassium carbonate, fine jade 25 grams, distilled water 1000ml of fat, adjust pH6.5.
3. second class inoculum culture:By oat grain, weed tree sawdust, after being soaked 12 hours with cold water, drain, be steamed in pot 30 minutes Afterwards, 15~20 DEG C are cooled to, adds sucrose, wheat bran, each material proportion is oat grain 96%, sucrose 1%, wheat bran 1%, weed tree sawdust 2%, pH value 7.5 is adjusted, adds water to water content reaches gross mass 60%；Stir, bottling sterilizing, using 1.5Kg/cm2, 121 DEG C of autoclaving mode, sterilize 3 hours, after taking the dish out of the pot, be cooled to 30 DEG C, access first class inoculum；Cultivation temperature is 20 DEG C, 25 days bacteria time, obtain second class inoculum.
4. three-class strain culture：
(1) culture material formula is weed tree sawdust 60%, wheat bran 10%, calcium carbonate 4%, white sugar 3%, calcium superphosphate 3%, cottonseed Shell 20%, regulation pH value to 7.5；
(2) compost is packed, culture bag used is 17cm × 33cm polypropylene plastics pockets, in the requirement of compost elasticity Tight lower pine, sack puts forth one's strength circle plus tampon or non-cotton cover covers, and adjusts in bag water content to 60%；
(3) sterilize：Pot sterilizing is filled after installing bag；Sterilizing can use normal-pressure sterilization or autoclaving；Normal-pressure sterilization, it is quick to rise Temperature, after temperature reaches 100 DEG C, do not cool, kept for 15 hours；
(4) it is that cultivation temperature is 20 DEG C by the second class inoculum generated in step 3 access compost cultivation temperature, the bacteria time 35 days, obtain three-class strain.
5. Chinese wax umbrella uses plastic bag cultivation mode culture：
(1) formula rate of compost is weed tree sawdust 60%, wheat bran 10%, calcium carbonate 4%, white sugar 3%, calcium superphosphate 3%, cotton seed hulls 20%, regulation pH value to 7.5；
(2) compost packs, and divides three layers of pack of upper, middle and lower to mix pack, every bag of three-class strain with compost three-class strain It is dispensed into 12 bags of composts, culture bag used is 55cm × 18cm polypropylene plastics pockets, and sack, which puts forth one's strength to enclose, adds tampon or without cotton Lid covers, and adjusts in bag water content to 60%；
(3) sterilize：Pot sterilizing is filled after installing bag；Autoclaving needs 1.5Kg/cm2, 121 DEG C, kept for 3 hours；
(4) it is inoculated with：It is inoculated with the second class inoculum turned out using step 3；Inoculation need to enter in bacterium room or inoculating hood is connect OK；When material temperature is cooled to below 30 DEG C in bag, start to be inoculated with, every bag of inoculation 10g strain.
7. bacteria：
(1) Spawn incubation temperature is 20 DEG C；
(2) 2 days after being inoculated with, it is inoculated with block and sprouts very thin mycelia, and progressively " material feeding ", it is raw into new compost It is long；
(3) 30 days after being inoculated with, mycelia covers with compost in bacterium bag, but compost is not completely covered；
(4) 50 days after being inoculated with, now mycelia have accumulated a large amount of nutrition, and bacterium bag is pinched with hand, have the hard sense of top hand point, now Chinese wax Agaric kind reaches physiological maturity.
7. fruiting：After Chinese wax agaric kind physiological maturity, remove tampon and strength circle removes sack covering, dig up surface and plant always Block；Sack is stretched into cylindrical shape, covers mulch film moisture-keeping, ground work of water sprinkling for better material moisture above；Relative air humidity control is 85%, temperature 25 DEG C of degree；Faint scattering illumination and twice daily is given, the ventilation of 1~2 hour every time carries out flower bud, 7 days composts Surface forms a large amount of mushroom flower buds.
8. harvesting：Both hands are cleaned, sterilization, and fructification is connected to root taking-up from bag, obtains first batch of mushroom；Sprayed into bacterium bag 25ml water, sack is sealed, and relative air humidity control 25 DEG C of temperature, can receive regrowth hair mushroom in 30 days 85%；Three batches can be received within 54 days Mushroom, four batches of mushrooms can be received within 70 days, average every bag can produce 450 grams of fresh mushroom.
Example 4
1. gather Chinese wax destroying angel.
2. removing fructification surface irregularities, with 75% alcohol surface sterilization, 5mm × 3mm × 3mm is gripped with aseptic nipper Hyphostroma transposing is on parent species test tube slant culture medium, and tampon, puts i.e. visible tissue block after being cultivated 5 days under 30 DEG C of constant temperature beyond the Great Wall It is upper to produce white hairy mycelia；Hairy mycelia covers with slant tube within 15 days, obtains first class inoculum.
Parent species test tube slant culture medium prescription is 30 grams of malt extract, 8 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 grams of potassium carbonate, agar 25 Gram, distilled water 1000ml, adjust pH6.5~7.5.
3. second class inoculum culture：By oat grain, weed tree sawdust, after being soaked 12 hours with cold water, drain, be steamed in pot 30 minutes Afterwards, 15~20 DEG C are cooled to, adds sucrose, wheat bran, each material proportion is oat grain 96%, sucrose 1%, wheat bran 1%, weed tree sawdust 2%, pH value 8.5 is adjusted, adds water to water content reaches gross mass 65%；Stir, bottling sterilizing, using 1.5Kg/cm2, 121 DEG C of autoclaving mode, sterilize 3 hours, after taking the dish out of the pot, be cooled to 30 DEG C, access first class inoculum；Cultivation temperature is 30 DEG C, 20 days bacteria time, obtain second class inoculum.
4. three-class strain culture：
(1) formula rate of compost is weed tree sawdust 60%, and wheat bran 10%, calcium carbonate 5% is same, white sugar 2%, calcium superphosphate 3%, cotton seed hulls 20%, regulation pH value to 8.5；
(2) compost is packed, culture bag used is 17cm × 33cm polypropylene plastics pockets, in the requirement of compost elasticity Tight lower pine, sack puts forth one's strength circle plus tampon or non-cotton cover covers, and adjusts in bag water content to 60%；
(3) sterilize：Pot sterilizing is filled after installing bag；Sterilizing can use normal-pressure sterilization or autoclaving；Normal-pressure sterilization, it is quick to rise Temperature, after temperature reaches 100 DEG C, do not cool, kept for 15 hours；
(4) it is 30 DEG C the second class inoculum generated in step 3 to be accessed into compost cultivation temperature, 30 days bacteria time, is obtained Three-class strain.
5. Chinese wax umbrella uses plastic bag cultivation mode culture：
(1) formula rate of compost is weed tree sawdust 60%, and wheat bran 10%, calcium carbonate 5% is same, white sugar 2%, calcium superphosphate 3%, cotton seed hulls 20%, regulation pH value to 8.5；
(2) compost packs, and divides three layers of pack of upper, middle and lower to mix pack, every bag of three-class strain with compost three-class strain It is dispensed into 12 bags of composts, culture bag used is 55cm × 18cm polypropylene plastics pockets, and sack, which puts forth one's strength to enclose, adds tampon or without cotton Lid covers, and adjusts in bag water content to 65%；
(3) sterilize：Pot sterilizing is filled after installing bag, autoclaving needs 1.5Kg/cm2, 121 DEG C, kept for 3 hours；
(4) it is inoculated with：It is inoculated with the second class inoculum turned out using step 3；Inoculation need to enter in bacterium room or inoculating hood is connect OK；When material temperature is cooled to below 30 DEG C in bag, start to be inoculated with, every bag of inoculation 13g strain.
6. bacteria：
(1) Spawn incubation temperature is 30 DEG C；
(2) 2 days after being inoculated with, it is inoculated with block and sprouts very thin mycelia, and progressively " material feeding ", it is raw into new compost It is long；
(3) 30 days after being inoculated with, mycelia covers with compost in bacterium bag, but compost is not completely covered；
(4) 50 days after being inoculated with, now mycelia have accumulated a large amount of nutrition, and bacterium bag is pinched with hand, have the hard sense of top hand point, now Chinese wax Agaric kind reaches physiological maturity.
7. fruiting：After Chinese wax agaric kind physiological maturity, remove tampon and strength circle removes sack covering, dig up surface and plant always Block；Sack is stretched into cylindrical shape, covers mulch film moisture-keeping, ground work of water sprinkling for better material moisture above；Relative air humidity control is 85%, temperature 25 DEG C of degree；Faint scattering illumination and twice daily is given, the ventilation of 1~2 hour every time carries out flower bud, 7 days composts Surface forms a large amount of mushroom flower buds.
8. harvesting：Both hands are cleaned, sterilization, and fructification is connected to root taking-up from bag, obtains first batch of mushroom；Sprayed into bacterium bag 25ml water, sack is sealed, and relative air humidity control 25 DEG C of temperature, can receive regrowth hair mushroom in 20 days 85%；Three batches can be received within 40 days Mushroom, four batches of mushrooms can be received within 70 days, average every bag can produce 480 grams of fresh mushroom.
Example 5
1. gather Chinese wax destroying angel.
2. removing fructification surface irregularities, with 75% alcohol surface sterilization, 5mm × 3mm × 3mm is gripped with aseptic nipper Hyphostroma transposing is on parent species test tube slant culture medium, and tampon, puts i.e. visible tissue block after being cultivated 5 days under 25 DEG C of constant temperature beyond the Great Wall It is upper to produce white hairy mycelia；Hairy mycelia covers with slant tube within 15 days, obtains first class inoculum.
Above-mentioned parent species test tube slant culture medium prescription is 2 grams of soluble starch, 2 grams of maltose, 2 grams of glucose, magnesium sulfate 0.5 gram, 0.5 gram of calcium sulfate, 0.25 gram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 grams, distilled water 1000ml of agar, adjust pH value 7.5.
3. second class inoculum culture:By oat grain, weed tree sawdust, after being soaked 12 hours with cold water, drain, be steamed in pot 30 minutes Afterwards, 15~20 DEG C are cooled to, adds sucrose, wheat bran, each material proportion is oat grain 96%, sucrose 1%, wheat bran 1%, weed tree sawdust 2%, pH value 8.5 is adjusted, adds water to water content reaches gross mass 65%；Stir, bottling sterilizing, using 1.5Kg/cm2, 121 DEG C of autoclaving mode, sterilize 3 hours, after taking the dish out of the pot, be cooled to 30 DEG C, access first class inoculum；Cultivation temperature is 25 DEG C, 20 days bacteria time, obtain second class inoculum.
4. three-class strain culture：
(1) formula rate of compost is weed tree sawdust 60%, and wheat bran 10%, calcium carbonate 5% is same, white sugar 2%, calcium superphosphate 3%, cotton seed hulls 20%, regulation pH value to 8.5；
(2) compost is packed, culture bag used is 17cm × 33cm polypropylene plastics pockets, in the requirement of compost elasticity Tight lower pine, sack puts forth one's strength circle plus tampon or non-cotton cover covers, and adjusts in bag water content to 60%；
(3) sterilize：Pot sterilizing is filled after installing bag；Sterilizing can use normal-pressure sterilization or autoclaving；Normal-pressure sterilization, it is quick to rise Temperature, after temperature reaches 100 DEG C, do not cool, kept for 15 hours；
(4) it is 25 DEG C the second class inoculum generated in step 3 to be accessed into compost cultivation temperature, 30 days bacteria time, is obtained Three-class strain.
5. Chinese wax umbrella uses plastic bag cultivation mode culture：
(1) formula rate of compost is weed tree sawdust 60%, and wheat bran 10%, calcium carbonate 5% is same, white sugar 2%, calcium superphosphate 3%, cotton seed hulls 20%, regulation pH value to 8.5；
(2) compost packs, and divides three layers of pack of upper, middle and lower to mix pack, every bag of three-class strain with compost three-class strain Be dispensed into 10~12 bags of composts, culture bag used is 55cm × 18cm polypropylene plastics pockets, sack put forth one's strength circle plus tampon or Non-cotton cover covers, and adjusts in bag water content to 65%；
(3) sterilize：Pot sterilizing is filled after installing bag, autoclaving needs 1.5Kg/cm2, 121 DEG C, kept for 3 hours；
(4) it is inoculated with：It is inoculated with the second class inoculum turned out using step 3；Inoculation need to enter in bacterium room or inoculating hood is connect OK；When material temperature is cooled to below 30 DEG C in bag, start to be inoculated with, every bag of inoculation 13g strain.
6. bacteria：
(1) Spawn incubation temperature is 25 DEG C；
(2) 2 days after being inoculated with, it is inoculated with block and sprouts very thin mycelia, and progressively " material feeding ", it is raw into new compost It is long；
(3) 30 days after being inoculated with, mycelia covers with compost in bacterium bag, but compost is not completely covered；
(4) 50 days after being inoculated with, now mycelia have accumulated a large amount of nutrition, and bacterium bag is pinched with hand, have the hard sense of top hand point, now Chinese wax Agaric kind reaches physiological maturity.
7. fruiting：After Chinese wax agaric kind physiological maturity, remove tampon and strength circle removes sack covering, dig up surface and plant always Block；Sack is stretched into cylindrical shape, covers mulch film moisture-keeping, ground work of water sprinkling for better material moisture above；Relative air humidity control is 85%, temperature 25 DEG C of degree；Faint scattering illumination and twice daily is given, the ventilation of 1~2 hour every time carries out flower bud, 7 days composts Surface forms a large amount of mushroom flower buds.
8. harvesting：Both hands are cleaned, sterilization, and fructification is connected to root taking-up from bag, obtains first batch of mushroom；Sprayed into bacterium bag 25ml water, sack is sealed, and relative air humidity control 25 DEG C of temperature, can receive regrowth hair mushroom in 15 days 85%；Three batches can be received within 35 days Mushroom, four batches of mushrooms can be received within 65 days, average every bag can produce 500 grams of fresh mushroom.
Comparative example
1. gather Chinese wax destroying angel.
2. removing fructification surface irregularities, with 75% alcohol surface sterilization, 5mm × 3mm × 3mm is gripped with aseptic nipper Hyphostroma transposing is on parent species test tube slant culture medium, and tampon, puts i.e. visible tissue block after being cultivated 5 days under 25 DEG C of constant temperature beyond the Great Wall It is upper to produce white hairy mycelia；Hairy mycelia covers with slant tube within 15 days, obtains first class inoculum.
Above-mentioned parent species test tube slant culture medium prescription is 2 grams of soluble starch, 2 grams of maltose, 2 grams of glucose, magnesium sulfate 0.5 gram, 0.5 gram of calcium sulfate, 0.25 gram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 grams, distilled water 1000ml of agar, adjust pH value 7.5.
3. second class inoculum culture:
Respectively compost is prepared by formula as below：
(1) weed tree sawdust 77%, wheat bran 20%, white sugar 1%, analysis for soybean powder 1%；
(2) cotton seed hulls 98%, land plaster 1%, white sugar 1%；
(3) cotton seed hulls 36%, wood chip 40%, wheat bran 20%, land plaster 2%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%, sucrose 1%, urea 1%；
(4) iblet 95%, weed tree sawdust 4%, sucrose 1%；
Each compost processing method is identical with the 3rd step in embodiment 5, adjusts pH value 8.5, adds water to water content and reach total matter The 65% of amount；Stir, bottling sterilizing, using 1.5Kg/cm2, 121 DEG C of autoclaving mode, sterilize 3 hours, take the dish out of the pot Afterwards, 30 DEG C are cooled to, accesses first class inoculum；Cultivation temperature is 25 DEG C, 15 days bacteria time, non-fruiting.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto, Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope of present disclosure, technique according to the invention scheme and its Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should all be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of method of artificial cultivation Chinese wax umbrella, including：
S1. Chinese wax destroying angel is gathered；
S2. fructification surface irregularities are removed, with 75% alcohol surface sterilization, take 5mm × 3mm × 3mm hyphostromas transposing to parent species On slant tube culture medium, 5~36 DEG C incubated, 15~18 days, obtains first class inoculum；
Parent species test tube slant culture medium prescription is 2 grams of soluble starch, 2 grams of maltose, 2 grams of glucose, magnesium sulfate 0.5 Gram, 0.5 gram of calcium sulfate, 0.25 gram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 grams of agar, or 30 grams of malt extract, 8 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate 6 Gram, 25 grams of agar, add distilled water 1000ml, adjust pH to 6.5~7.5；
S3. second class inoculum culture：By oat grain, weed tree sawdust, it is soaked in water after 12 hours, dries, after steaming 30min, is cooled to 15 ~20 DEG C, add sucrose, wheat bran, each quality of material proportioning is oat grain 96%, sucrose 1%, wheat bran 1%, weed tree sawdust 2%, is adjusted PH value 7.5~8.5, add water to water content reaches gross mass 50~70%；Stir, bottling sterilizing, using 1.5Kg/ cm2, 121 DEG C of autoclaving mode, sterilize 3 hours, be cooled to 30 DEG C, access first class inoculum；Cultivation temperature is 5~36 DEG C, 20~30 days bacteria time, obtain second class inoculum；
S4. three-class strain culture, including step：
S41. the prescription quality ratio of compost is weed tree sawdust 60~70%, wheat bran 10~15%, calcium carbonate 2~3%, white sugar 1 ~3%, calcium superphosphate 1~3%, cotton seed hulls 20~26%, regulation pH value to 7.5~8.5；
S42. compost is packed, culture bag used is 17cm × 33cm polypropylene plastics pockets, sack sealing, is adjusted aqueous in bag Measure to 50~70%；
S43. sterilize：Pot sterilizing is filled after installing bag；
S44. the second class inoculum generated in step S3 is accessed into compost, cultivation temperature is 5~36 DEG C, the bacteria time 30~40 My god, obtain three-class strain；
S5. Chinese wax umbrella uses plastic bag cultivation mode culture, including step：
S51. the prescription quality ratio of compost is weed tree sawdust 60~70%, wheat bran 10~15%, calcium carbonate 2~3%, white sugar 1 ~3%, calcium superphosphate 1~3%, cotton seed hulls 26~30%, regulation pH value to 7.5~8.5；
S52. compost packs, and three-class strain is mixed into pack with compost, every bag of three-class strain is dispensed into 10~12 bags of cultures In material, culture bag used is 55cm × 18cm polypropylene plastics pockets, sack sealing, adjusts in bag water content to 50~70%；
S53. sterilize：Pot sterilizing is filled after installing bag；
S54. it is inoculated with：It is inoculated with the second class inoculum turned out using step S3；When material temperature is cooled to below 30 DEG C in bag, open Begin to be inoculated with, every bag of inoculation 10~13g strain；
S6. bacteria：Bacteria 50~60 days after inoculation, cultivation temperature are 5~36 DEG C；
S7. fruiting：After Chinese wax agaric kind physiological maturity, sack covering is removed；Control relative air humidity 70~95%, temperature 20~25 DEG C, illumination is scattered, twice daily, ventilation in 1~2 hour every time, compost surface forms mushroom flower bud within 6~8 days；
S8. harvest：In gnotobasis, fructification is taken out from bag, obtains first batch of mushroom；25ml water is sprayed into bacterium bag, will Sack seals, and controls relative air humidity 70~95%, 20~25 DEG C of temperature, receives regrowth hair mushroom within 15~30 days；Every bag can receive 3~4 Stubble mushroom, whole 60~70 days growth periods.
2. the method for artificial cultivation Chinese wax umbrella according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step S2, S3, S44 or S6 are any In one step, the cultivation temperature is 20~30 DEG C.
3. the method for artificial cultivation Chinese wax umbrella according to claim 2, it is characterised in that step S2, S3, S44 or S6 are any In one step, the cultivation temperature is 25 DEG C.
4. the method for artificial cultivation Chinese wax umbrella according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step S7 or S8, the air Relative humidity 85~95%.
5. the method for artificial cultivation Chinese wax umbrella according to claim 1, it is characterised in that sterilizing side described in step S43 or S53 Method can use normal-pressure sterilization or autoclaving, and normal-pressure sterilization is 100 DEG C, is kept for 15 hours；High-pressure sterilizing method is 1.5Kg/ cm2, 121 DEG C of pressure, kept for 2~3 hours.
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