CN110839473A - Populus diversifolia seedling growing method - Google Patents
Populus diversifolia seedling growing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110839473A CN110839473A CN201911209266.6A CN201911209266A CN110839473A CN 110839473 A CN110839473 A CN 110839473A CN 201911209266 A CN201911209266 A CN 201911209266A CN 110839473 A CN110839473 A CN 110839473A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention provides an innovative method for raising seedlings of populus diversifolia seeds, aiming at solving the defects of few sources of populus diversifolia seeds, high seedling labor intensity, high cost, low seed germination rate, high seedling deformity rate and the like in the prior art. On one hand, the method improves the germination rate of the populus diversifolia seeds and reduces the abnormal rate of seedlings by mixing the populus diversifolia seeds with specific raw materials such as fine sand, urea, decomposed farmyard manure and the like in the sowing process. On the other hand, the addition of various raw materials is strictly controlled within a proper range, so that the raw materials can exert the optimal synergistic effect, the germination rate of the populus euphratica seeds is further improved, and the seedling deformity rate is reduced. And finally, spraying the carbendazim wettable powder and the Bordeaux mixture after sowing, and further achieving the effects of improving the germination rate of the populus diversifolia seeds and reducing the seedling deformity rate. The method is simple to operate, the raw materials are easy to obtain, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application and has good economic benefit and environmental benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling breeding, and particularly relates to a seedling raising method of populus euphratica.
Background
Populus euphratica is also called as iso-leaf populus, belongs to the family Salicaceae, is the most original and oldest tree species in Populus, and is the first established 'gradually dangerous species' in 388 rare or endangered plants in China. Populus diversifolia is a plant of angiosperma, dicotyledonae, Dillenia, Salicales, Salicaceae, Populus, and is medium-sized natural arbor with fallen leaves, diameter of 1.5 m, fine and soft wood, and fragrant leaves. Drought and waterlogging tolerance, and persistent life, and is one of the rare tree species in nature. The populus euphratica tree can be 200 years old, the trunk is straight, the height is 10-15 meters, and the populus euphratica tree is in a thin shrub shape. The leaves are peculiar, and are long and narrow like willows on young branches and round like poplars on old branches of large trees in order to adapt to drought environment because the leaves grow in extremely arid desert regions. China is the country with the largest distribution range and the largest quantity of populus diversifolia in the world, 89.1 percent of populus diversifolia forest area is concentrated in a Tarim basin in Xinjiang, and the method plays an important role in maintaining and controlling the balance of a fragile ecological system in a drought desert area. The populus diversifolia can prevent wind and fix sand, so that the effects of protecting the fragile ecology of the desert and improving the severe natural conditions are achieved. Meanwhile, the populus euphratica is high in ornamental value and multipurpose in landscaping, has positive effects on development of landscape tourism and landscaping of the populus euphratica, and fully exerts the economic value and the ornamental value of the populus euphratica.
At present, the populus diversifolia seedling raising mainly adopts ditching ridging seedling raising, ridge block seedling raising and plastic film mulching seeding seedling raising, and also carries out the greenhouse seedling raising of the populus diversifolia in a small area. The ditching seedling raising method is mainly adopted for ditching and soil preparation, the populus diversifolia seeds are sowed on two sides of a ditch and irrigated every day to ensure that water is always in the ditch, so that the soil humidity is ensured. In order to avoid daytime hot weather, irrigation was carried out before 12 am and 7 pm later; the furrow block seedling culture is to divide a seedling culture ground into furrow shapes after the seedling culture ground is leveled, perform irrigation once before sowing, then insert populus diversifolia seeds or populus diversifolia branches with capsules on the ground, perform micro-spraying water supplement every day at regular time, keep the soil humidity, and reduce the spraying irrigation times until the seeds are all germinated; the mulching film seedling raising mainly adopts a mulching film mode to improve the soil temperature and keep the soil moisture so as to improve the rate of emergence.
However, the existing seedling raising methods all require to select seeds with higher maturity, and the mature period of populus euphratica is concentrated in 8-9 middle of the month and lags behind the seedling raising time of a field, so that the seeds with high maturity in the seedling raising period are fewer, and the large-area cultivation of populus euphratica seedlings is restricted; as the high-temperature weather is 6-7 months in the seedling raising period, and the soil texture is mostly sandy loam or sandy soil, the infiltration speed of water is high, irrigation is required every day to ensure that enough water exists in the ditch to keep the soil humidity, the requirement on irrigation time is high, and the labor intensity is high; the seedling raising cost of the ridge blocks is high, micro-spray irrigation is required, the management intensity is high, at least 2-3 times of spray irrigation are required every day, and the method is not suitable for large-area popularization and application; the temperature in the film of the film-covered seedling raising is higher in high-temperature weather, the air permeability is poor, the seedlings are easy to burn, and the survival rate is reduced; the greenhouse seedling raising can ensure higher rate of emergence, but has higher seedling raising cost, large management intensity and small area, and is not suitable for large-area popularization and application.
Due to the complex breeding technology of populus euphratica, slow growth in the seedling stage, severe seedling differentiation, easy rust disease infection, high seedling breeding investment and the like, local seedling breeding is difficult, and the breeding technology is immature. Meanwhile, the poplar seedlings are transported in a long distance, and the roots are easy to lose water, so that afforestation fails. These reasons have limited the widespread use of populus diversifolia in forestation. Therefore, the method for raising the seedlings of populus euphratica, which has the advantages of high germination rate, low seedling deformity rate, good economic benefit and suitability for large-scale popularization and application, has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an innovative method for raising seedlings of populus diversifolia seeds, aiming at solving the defects of few sources of populus diversifolia seeds, high seedling labor intensity, high cost, low seed germination rate, high seedling deformity rate and the like in the prior art. On one hand, the method improves the germination rate of the populus diversifolia seeds and reduces the abnormal rate of seedlings by mixing the populus diversifolia seeds with specific raw materials such as fine sand, urea, decomposed farmyard manure and the like in the sowing process. On the other hand, the addition of various raw materials is strictly controlled within a proper range, so that the raw materials can exert the optimal synergistic effect, the germination rate of the populus euphratica seeds is further improved, and the seedling deformity rate is reduced. And finally, spraying the carbendazim wettable powder and the Bordeaux mixture after sowing, and further achieving the effects of improving the germination rate of the populus diversifolia seeds and reducing the seedling deformity rate. The method is simple to operate, the raw materials are easy to obtain, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application and has good economic benefit and environmental benefit.
The invention provides a method for raising seedlings of populus euphratica, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling raising land;
(2) selecting a sowing period;
(3) preparing soil and making a bed;
(4) the sowing method comprises the following steps: digging a diversion ditch on a flat bed by adopting a water dropping seeding method, filling enough bottom water, uniformly mixing populus diversifolia seeds with fine sand, urea and decomposed farmyard manure after the water is completely infiltrated, then uniformly spreading the mixture on a bed surface, covering the bed surface with soil, and just completely covering the seeds;
(5) and (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying the sown and covered bed surface by using a carbendazim wettable powder diluent, and continuously spraying the sown and covered bed surface by using a Bordeaux diluent after a period of time;
(6) and (5) seedling emergence management.
Further, the seedling growing land in the step (1) is selected in a place which is ventilated and is beneficial to irrigation and drainage, and the soil is fertile and loose sandy loam or light saline-alkali soil.
Further, the sowing time in the step (2) is selected from 4 to 5 middle of the month.
Furthermore, the land preparation in the step (3) achieves the aims of leveling, fine crushing and no weed, a flat bed with a water diversion ditch is adopted as a bed, the width of the bed is 0.8-1.2 meters, the length of the bed is 4-5 meters, and the water diversion ditch is arranged in the middle.
Further, in the step (4), the populus diversifolia seeds are uniformly mixed with 10-50 times of fine sand, 1-10 times of urea and 5-20 times of decomposed farmyard manure by mass times.
Further, in the step (4), the populus diversifolia seeds are uniformly mixed with 20-30 times of fine sand, 3-5 times of urea and 10-15 times of decomposed farmyard manure by mass times.
Further, the diluent of the carbendazim wettable powder in the step (5) is 1000-2000 times of diluent; the interval time is 24-48 h; the boldo liquid diluent is 1000-fold and 2000-fold diluent.
Furthermore, seedling emergence management in the step (6) is that populus diversifolia sprouts in 24 hours after being sown, seedlings sprout in the same period from sowing to emergence for 2-3 days, and the sowing period is one week from sowing to true leaf period, and the sowing land is required to keep humidity all the time in the period, so that the bed surface cannot be irrigated by flood and only lateral infiltrating irrigation is performed.
And (4) post management: reasonably irrigating water, loosening soil and threshing leaves in time. The irrigation of the seedlings growing in 2 years is controlled, and the physiological needs can be met after the seedlings are irrigated for 2 times all year. Loosening soil and weeding 4 times, and loosening soil especially after irrigation or rain. Topdressing is carried out for 1-2 times, 20 kg of urea is fed per mu, seedlings are thinned for 2 times, and reasonable density is kept. And properly beating off partial leaves at the lower part of the seedling. Is beneficial to light transmission and ventilation, reduces the surface temperature and does not have the opportunity of moving rust fungi.
Preventing and treating diseases with the medicament. The Populus euphratica rust disease is prevented 1-2 times per week by spraying 1000-2000 times of Bordeaux mixture. Once rust has occurred, it can be sprayed with 15% triadimefon or a new pesticide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, the populus diversifolia seeds are mixed with the specific raw materials such as fine sand, urea and decomposed farmyard manure in the sowing process, so that the germination rate of the populus diversifolia seeds is effectively improved, the bacteria carrying rate of seed germination is reduced, and the seedling deformity rate is reduced. Organic matters such as humus contained in the decomposed farmyard manure have strong ion exchange capacity and adsorption capacity, can promote plant root development and in-vivo nitrogen metabolism to a certain extent, promotes nitrogen absorption, and improves the fertilizer efficiency utilization rate. The urea can provide certain nitrogen nutrient elements, can generate certain chemical action with organic matters in decomposed farmyard manure, decompose and generate certain gases such as ammonia gas and the like, improve the soil exchange capacity, adjust the pH value of the soil, loosen the soil, adjust the conditions of water, fertilizer, gas and heat, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, promote the growth of plant roots and increase the microbial activity of the soil. Has the advantages of obviously improving cured soil, loosening hardened soil, improving ecological environment, promoting the activity of soil microorganisms, increasing the number of beneficial microorganisms in soil and increasing the activity of soil enzymes. Meanwhile, the soil conditioner has an inhibiting effect on fungi, and can gradually reduce the salt content on the surface layer of the soil.
In addition, due to the fact that organic matters such as humus and the like contained in the decomposed farmyard manure have high surface activity, cell permeability and swelling pressure are increased, cell sap concentration is improved, and drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, wind resistance and lodging resistance of plants are improved. As organic matters such as humus have an inhibiting effect on fungi, the fertilizer can prevent and treat rot and root rot, improve the disease resistance of plants and improve the quality. However, due to the direct action of a large amount of organic matters in the decomposed farmyard manure and urea, a fast reaction can be generated, so that the acid-base property of soil and severe heat change are influenced, the necrosis of seeds can be caused, the germination rate is influenced, the breeding of fungi can be caused, and more deformity rates are generated. Therefore, on one hand, fine sand with proper times is added to play a good role in dilution and buffering, and on the other hand, the addition amount of the populus diversifolia seeds, the fine sand, the urea and the decomposed farmyard manure is strictly controlled, so that the mixture ratio of various raw materials reaches the optimal range, the optimal mutual synergistic effect is exerted, and the adverse effect is reduced to the minimum.
And finally, spraying 2000-time diluent of carbendazim wettable powder 1000-fold after sowing on the bed surface covered by sowing, wherein the carbendazim is a spectral bactericide and has excellent prevention and control effects on plant diseases and insect pests caused by various fungi. After a period of time, the bed surface covered by the seeds is continuously sprayed with 1000-fold and 2000-fold diluent of Bordeaux mixture, wherein the Bordeaux mixture belongs to inorganic copper bactericide, so that the germination of pathogenic bacteria or the growth of hyphae can be effectively prevented. The carbendazim wettable powder and the Bordeaux mixture are sprayed successively for post-treatment, so that the best effects of improving the germination rate of populus diversifolia seeds and reducing the seedling deformity rate can be achieved.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the present invention and to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below. However, the following examples are only simple examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
During investigation, cotyledon expansion, hypocotyl elongation or obvious green cotyledon with damage area not more than 50% or obvious radicle is taken as a standard for judging germination; judging the seedling malformation standard by referring to 'seedling identification practical handbook'; wherein the seedling aberration rate is calculated according to the conditions that the damaged area of the cotyledon exceeds 50%, the cotyledon is diseased, the radicle is rotten, the radicle is bent and can not grow normally, and the like.
And (5) counting the germination rate and the seedling deformity rate. Wherein the germination rate (%) × 100% (cumulative number of germinated seeds/total number of seeds after 3 days of sowing); seedling aberration rate (number of deformed seedlings/total number of seedlings after 7 days of sowing) x 100%.
Example 1
1. Selecting a seedling growing land: the populus diversifolia seedling raising land is selected in a place which is ventilated and is beneficial to irrigation and drainage, and the soil is fertile and loose sandy loam or light saline-alkali soil.
2. Selecting a sowing period: in mid 4 months.
3. Soil preparation and bed making: the land preparation is smooth, fine and free of weeds. The bed is a flat bed with a diversion trench, the width of the bed is 1 meter, the length of the bed is 5 meters, and the diversion trench is arranged in the middle.
4. The sowing method comprises the following steps: a water dropping seeding method is adopted, a diversion trench is dug on a flat bed, enough bottom water is filled, after water is completely infiltrated, populus diversifolia seeds are mixed with fine sand with the mass of 20 times, urea with the mass of 3 times and decomposed farmyard manure with the mass of 10 times, evenly spread on the bed surface, and then covered with soil to just completely cover the seeds.
5. And (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the bed surface covered by sowing to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests. Spraying the bed surface covered by the seeds with 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture at intervals of 24 h.
6. And (3) seedling emergence management: populus diversifolia sprouts in 24 hours after being sowed, and seedlings sowed in summer grow out for 3 days, namely one week from sowing to true leaf stage. During this period, the sowing field is required to be kept wet all the time, otherwise the seeds cannot germinate. The bed surface can not be irrigated by flood and only the lateral infiltration irrigation can be realized.
Example 2
1. Selecting a seedling growing land: the populus diversifolia seedling raising land is selected in a place which is ventilated and is beneficial to irrigation and drainage, and the soil is fertile and loose sandy loam or light saline-alkali soil.
2. Selecting a sowing period: in mid 4 months.
3. Soil preparation and bed making: the land preparation is smooth, fine and free of weeds. The bed is a flat bed with a diversion trench, the width of the bed is 1 meter, the length of the bed is 5 meters, and the diversion trench is arranged in the middle.
4. The sowing method comprises the following steps: a water dropping seeding method is adopted, a diversion trench is dug on a flat bed, enough bottom water is filled, after water is completely infiltrated, populus diversifolia seeds are mixed with fine sand 30 times the mass of the fine sand, urea 5 times the mass of the urea and decomposed farmyard manure 15 times the mass of the fine sand and evenly spread on the bed surface, and then the bed surface is covered with soil to just completely cover the seeds.
5. And (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the bed surface covered by sowing to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests. Spraying the bed surface covered by the seeds with 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture at intervals of 24 h.
6. And (3) seedling emergence management: populus diversifolia sprouts in 24 hours after being sowed, and seedlings sowed in summer grow out for 3 days, namely one week from sowing to true leaf stage. During this period, the sowing field is required to be kept wet all the time, otherwise the seeds cannot germinate. The bed surface can not be irrigated by flood and only the lateral infiltration irrigation can be realized.
Comparative example 1
1. Selecting a seedling growing land: the populus diversifolia seedling raising land is selected in a place which is ventilated and is beneficial to irrigation and drainage, and the soil is fertile and loose sandy loam or light saline-alkali soil.
2. Selecting a sowing period: in mid 4 months.
3. Soil preparation and bed making: the land preparation is smooth, fine and free of weeds. The bed is a flat bed with a diversion trench, the width of the bed is 1 meter, the length of the bed is 5 meters, and the diversion trench is arranged in the middle.
4. The sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting a water dropping seeding method, digging a diversion trench on a flat bed, filling enough bottom water, after the water is completely infiltrated, mixing populus diversifolia seeds with urea with 3 times of the mass and rotten farmyard manure with 10 times of the mass, uniformly spreading the mixture on the bed surface, then covering the bed surface with soil, and just completely covering the seeds.
5. And (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the bed surface covered by sowing to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests. Spraying the bed surface covered by the seeds with 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture at intervals of 24 h.
6. And (3) seedling emergence management: populus diversifolia sprouts in 24 hours after being sowed, and seedlings sowed in summer grow out for 3 days, namely one week from sowing to true leaf stage. During this period, the sowing field is required to be kept wet all the time, otherwise the seeds cannot germinate. The bed surface can not be irrigated by flood and only the lateral infiltration irrigation can be realized.
Comparative example 2
1. Selecting a seedling growing land: the populus diversifolia seedling raising land is selected in a place which is ventilated and is beneficial to irrigation and drainage, and the soil is fertile and loose sandy loam or light saline-alkali soil.
2. Selecting a sowing period: in mid 4 months.
3. Soil preparation and bed making: the land preparation is smooth, fine and free of weeds. The bed is a flat bed with a diversion trench, the width of the bed is 1 meter, the length of the bed is 5 meters, and the diversion trench is arranged in the middle.
4. The sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting a water dropping seeding method, digging a diversion trench on a flat bed, filling enough bottom water, after the water is completely infiltrated, mixing populus diversifolia seeds with 20 times of fine sand and 10 times of decomposed farmyard manure, uniformly scattering the mixture on the bed surface, covering the bed surface with soil, and just completely covering the seeds.
5. And (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the bed surface covered by sowing to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests. Spraying the bed surface covered by the seeds with 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture at intervals of 24 h.
6. And (3) seedling emergence management: populus diversifolia sprouts in 24 hours after being sowed, and seedlings sowed in summer grow out for 3 days, namely one week from sowing to true leaf stage. During this period, the sowing field is required to be kept wet all the time, otherwise the seeds cannot germinate. The bed surface can not be irrigated by flood and only the lateral infiltration irrigation can be realized.
Comparative example 3
1. Selecting a seedling growing land: the populus diversifolia seedling raising land is selected in a place which is ventilated and is beneficial to irrigation and drainage, and the soil is fertile and loose sandy loam or light saline-alkali soil.
2. Selecting a sowing period: in mid 4 months.
3. Soil preparation and bed making: the land preparation is smooth, fine and free of weeds. The bed is a flat bed with a diversion trench, the width of the bed is 1 meter, the length of the bed is 5 meters, and the diversion trench is arranged in the middle.
4. The sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting a water dropping seeding method, digging a diversion trench on a flat bed, filling enough bottom water, after the water is completely infiltrated, mixing populus diversifolia seeds with fine sand of 20 times of the mass and urea of 3 times of the mass, uniformly scattering the mixture on the bed surface, and then covering the bed surface with soil to just completely cover the seeds.
5. And (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the bed surface covered by sowing to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests. Spraying the bed surface covered by the seeds with 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture at intervals of 24 h.
6. And (3) seedling emergence management: populus diversifolia sprouts in 24 hours after being sowed, and seedlings sowed in summer grow out for 3 days, namely one week from sowing to true leaf stage. During this period, the sowing field is required to be kept wet all the time, otherwise the seeds cannot germinate. The bed surface can not be irrigated by flood and only the lateral infiltration irrigation can be realized.
Comparative example 4
1. Selecting a seedling growing land: the populus diversifolia seedling raising land is selected in a place which is ventilated and is beneficial to irrigation and drainage, and the soil is fertile and loose sandy loam or light saline-alkali soil.
2. Selecting a sowing period: in mid 4 months.
3. Soil preparation and bed making: the land preparation is smooth, fine and free of weeds. The bed is a flat bed with a diversion trench, the width of the bed is 1 meter, the length of the bed is 5 meters, and the diversion trench is arranged in the middle.
4. The sowing method comprises the following steps: a water dropping seeding method is adopted, a diversion trench is dug on a flat bed, enough bottom water is filled, after water is completely infiltrated, populus diversifolia seeds are mixed with fine sand with the mass of 20 times, urea with the mass of 3 times and decomposed farmyard manure with the mass of 10 times, evenly spread on the bed surface, and then covered with soil to just completely cover the seeds.
5. And (3) post-treatment spraying: after seeding, spraying 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture on the bed surface covered by the seeds.
6. And (3) seedling emergence management: populus diversifolia sprouts in 24 hours after being sowed, and seedlings sowed in summer grow out for 3 days, namely one week from sowing to true leaf stage. During this period, the sowing field is required to be kept wet all the time, otherwise the seeds cannot germinate. The bed surface can not be irrigated by flood and only the lateral infiltration irrigation can be realized.
Comparative example 5
1. Selecting a seedling growing land: the populus diversifolia seedling raising land is selected in a place which is ventilated and is beneficial to irrigation and drainage, and the soil is fertile and loose sandy loam or light saline-alkali soil.
2. Selecting a sowing period: in mid 4 months.
3. Soil preparation and bed making: the land preparation is smooth, fine and free of weeds. The bed is a flat bed with a diversion trench, the width of the bed is 1 meter, the length of the bed is 5 meters, and the diversion trench is arranged in the middle.
4. The sowing method comprises the following steps: a water dropping seeding method is adopted, a diversion trench is dug on a flat bed, enough bottom water is filled, after water is completely infiltrated, populus diversifolia seeds are mixed with fine sand with the mass of 20 times, urea with the mass of 3 times and decomposed farmyard manure with the mass of 10 times, evenly spread on the bed surface, and then covered with soil to just completely cover the seeds.
5. And (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the bed surface covered by sowing to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests.
6. And (3) seedling emergence management: populus diversifolia sprouts in 24 hours after being sowed, and seedlings sowed in summer grow out for 3 days, namely one week from sowing to true leaf stage. During this period, the sowing field is required to be kept wet all the time, otherwise the seeds cannot germinate. The bed surface can not be irrigated by flood and only the lateral infiltration irrigation can be realized.
Comparative example 6
1. Selecting a seedling growing land: the populus diversifolia seedling raising land is selected in a place which is ventilated and is beneficial to irrigation and drainage, and the soil is fertile and loose sandy loam or light saline-alkali soil.
2. Selecting a sowing period: in mid 4 months.
3. Soil preparation and bed making: the land preparation is smooth, fine and free of weeds. The bed is a flat bed with a diversion trench, the width of the bed is 1 meter, the length of the bed is 5 meters, and the diversion trench is arranged in the middle.
4. The sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting a water dropping seeding method, digging a diversion trench on a flat bed, filling enough bottom water, after the water is completely infiltrated, mixing populus diversifolia seeds with 20 times of fine sand, 30 times of urea and 10 times of decomposed farmyard manure, uniformly scattering the mixture on the bed surface, covering the bed surface with soil, and just completely covering the seeds.
5. And (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the bed surface covered by sowing to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests. Spraying the bed surface covered by the seeds with 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture at intervals of 24 h.
6. And (3) seedling emergence management: populus diversifolia sprouts in 24 hours after being sowed, and seedlings sowed in summer grow out for 3 days, namely one week from sowing to true leaf stage. During this period, the sowing field is required to be kept wet all the time, otherwise the seeds cannot germinate. The bed surface can not be irrigated by flood and only the lateral infiltration irrigation can be realized.
Comparative example 7
1. Selecting a seedling growing land: the populus diversifolia seedling raising land is selected in a place which is ventilated and is beneficial to irrigation and drainage, and the soil is fertile and loose sandy loam or light saline-alkali soil.
2. Selecting a sowing period: in mid 4 months.
3. Soil preparation and bed making: the land preparation is smooth, fine and free of weeds. The bed is a flat bed with a diversion trench, the width of the bed is 1 meter, the length of the bed is 5 meters, and the diversion trench is arranged in the middle.
4. The sowing method comprises the following steps: a water dropping seeding method is adopted, a diversion trench is dug on a flat bed, enough bottom water is filled, after water is completely infiltrated, populus diversifolia seeds are mixed with fine sand with the mass of 20 times, urea with the mass of 3 times and decomposed farmyard manure with the mass of 50 times, evenly spread on the bed surface, and then covered with soil to just completely cover the seeds.
5. And (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the bed surface covered by sowing to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests. Spraying the bed surface covered by the seeds with 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture at intervals of 24 h.
6. And (3) seedling emergence management: populus diversifolia sprouts in 24 hours after being sowed, and seedlings sowed in summer grow out for 3 days, namely one week from sowing to true leaf stage. During this period, the sowing field is required to be kept wet all the time, otherwise the seeds cannot germinate. The bed surface can not be irrigated by flood and only the lateral infiltration irrigation can be realized.
Comparative example 8
1. Selecting a seedling growing land: the populus diversifolia seedling raising land is selected in a place which is ventilated and is beneficial to irrigation and drainage, and the soil is fertile and loose sandy loam or light saline-alkali soil.
2. Selecting a sowing period: in mid 4 months.
3. Soil preparation and bed making: the land preparation is smooth, fine and free of weeds. The bed is a flat bed with a diversion trench, the width of the bed is 1 meter, the length of the bed is 5 meters, and the diversion trench is arranged in the middle.
4. The sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting a water dropping seeding method, digging a diversion trench on a flat bed, filling enough bottom water, after the water is completely infiltrated, mixing populus diversifolia seeds with fine sand 200 times the mass, urea 3 times the mass and decomposed farmyard manure 10 times the mass, uniformly scattering the mixture on the bed surface, then covering the bed surface with soil, and just completely covering the seeds.
5. And (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the bed surface covered by sowing to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests. Spraying the bed surface covered by the seeds with 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture at intervals of 24 h.
6. And (3) seedling emergence management: populus diversifolia sprouts in 24 hours after being sowed, and seedlings sowed in summer grow out for 3 days, namely one week from sowing to true leaf stage. During this period, the sowing field is required to be kept wet all the time, otherwise the seeds cannot germinate. The bed surface can not be irrigated by flood and only the lateral infiltration irrigation can be realized.
Comparative example 9
1. Selecting a seedling growing land: the populus diversifolia seedling raising land is selected in a place which is ventilated and is beneficial to irrigation and drainage, and the soil is fertile and loose sandy loam or light saline-alkali soil.
2. Selecting a sowing period: in mid 4 months.
3. Soil preparation and bed making: the land preparation is smooth, fine and free of weeds. The bed is a flat bed with a diversion trench, the width of the bed is 1 meter, the length of the bed is 5 meters, and the diversion trench is arranged in the middle.
4. The sowing method comprises the following steps: a water dropping seeding method is adopted, a diversion trench is dug on a flat bed, enough bottom water is filled, after water is completely infiltrated, populus diversifolia seeds are mixed with fine sand with the mass of 20 times, urea with the mass of 3 times and decomposed farmyard manure with the mass of 10 times, evenly spread on the bed surface, and then covered with soil to just completely cover the seeds.
5. And (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying the sown and covered bed surface with carbendazim wettable powder and 1500-fold diluent of Bordeaux mixture to prevent and control diseases and pests.
6. And (3) seedling emergence management: populus diversifolia sprouts in 24 hours after being sowed, and seedlings sowed in summer grow out for 3 days, namely one week from sowing to true leaf stage. During this period, the sowing field is required to be kept wet all the time, otherwise the seeds cannot germinate. The bed surface can not be irrigated by flood and only the lateral infiltration irrigation can be realized.
Comparative example 10
1. Selecting a seedling growing land: the populus diversifolia seedling raising land is selected in a place which is ventilated and is beneficial to irrigation and drainage, and the soil is fertile and loose sandy loam or light saline-alkali soil.
2. Selecting a sowing period: in mid 4 months.
3. Soil preparation and bed making: the land preparation is smooth, fine and free of weeds. The bed is a flat bed with a diversion trench, the width of the bed is 1 meter, the length of the bed is 5 meters, and the diversion trench is arranged in the middle.
4. The sowing method comprises the following steps: a water dropping seeding method is adopted, a diversion trench is dug on a flat bed, enough bottom water is filled, after water is completely infiltrated, populus diversifolia seeds are mixed with fine sand with the mass of 20 times, urea with the mass of 3 times and decomposed farmyard manure with the mass of 10 times, evenly spread on the bed surface, and then covered with soil to just completely cover the seeds.
5. And (3) seedling emergence management: populus diversifolia sprouts in 24 hours after being sowed, and seedlings sowed in summer grow out for 3 days, namely one week from sowing to true leaf stage. During this period, the sowing field is required to be kept wet all the time, otherwise the seeds cannot germinate. The bed surface can not be irrigated by flood and only the lateral infiltration irrigation can be realized.
The germination rates and seedling deformity rates of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-10 were then counted according to the above methods, and the results of the statistics and calculation are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 germination and seedling deformity
| Experimental group | Percentage of germination (%) | Seedling distortion rate (%) |
| Example 1 | 92 | 2.1 |
| Example 2 | 90 | 2.7 |
| Comparative example 1 | 68 | 4.2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 83 | 2.3 |
| Comparative example 3 | 80 | 3.7 |
| Comparative example 4 | 86 | 8.3 |
| Comparative example 5 | 88 | 9.7 |
| Comparative example 6 | 48 | 3.7 |
| Comparative example 7 | 51 | 3.2 |
| Comparative example 8 | 85 | 3.4 |
| Comparative example 9 | 88 | 5.2 |
| Comparative example 10 | 82 | 21.4 |
As can be seen from the data of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-10 in the table above, the effect of improving the germination rate of the populus diversifolia seeds and reducing the seedling deformity rate can be achieved by sowing the populus diversifolia seeds in a mixed manner with specific raw materials such as fine sand, urea, decomposed farmyard manure and the like in the sowing process and strictly controlling the addition amount of each raw material within an optimal range. And finally, after the sowing is finished, spraying the carbendazim wettable powder and the Bordeaux mixture for post-treatment, so that the effects of improving the germination rate of the populus diversifolia seeds and reducing the seedling deformity rate can be further achieved.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A method for raising seedlings of populus euphratica comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling raising land;
(2) selecting a sowing period;
(3) preparing soil and making a bed;
(4) the sowing method comprises the following steps: digging a diversion ditch on a flat bed by adopting a water dropping seeding method, filling enough bottom water, uniformly mixing populus diversifolia seeds with fine sand, urea and decomposed farmyard manure after the water is completely infiltrated, then uniformly spreading the mixture on a bed surface, covering the bed surface with soil, and just completely covering the seeds;
(5) and (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying the sown and covered bed surface by using a carbendazim wettable powder diluent, and continuously spraying the sown and covered bed surface by using a Bordeaux diluent after a period of time;
(6) and (5) seedling emergence management.
2. The method for raising seedlings of populus diversifolia according to claim 1, wherein: and (2) selecting the seedling growing land in a ventilated place beneficial to irrigation and drainage, wherein the soil is fertile and loose sandy loam or light saline-alkali soil.
3. The method for raising seedlings of populus diversifolia according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) selecting the sowing time from 4 middle of the month to 5 middle of the month.
4. The method for raising seedlings of populus diversifolia according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the soil preparation is carried out to be flat, fine and free of weeds, a flat bed with a diversion trench is adopted as a bed, the width of the bed is 0.8-1.2 meters, the length of the bed is 4-5 meters, and the diversion trench is arranged in the middle.
5. The method for raising seedlings of populus diversifolia according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the populus diversifolia seeds are uniformly mixed with 10-50 times of fine sand, 1-10 times of urea and 5-20 times of decomposed farmyard manure by mass.
6. The method for raising seedlings of populus diversifolia according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the populus diversifolia seeds are uniformly mixed with 20-30 times of fine sand, 3-5 times of urea and 10-15 times of decomposed farmyard manure by mass.
7. The method for raising seedlings of populus diversifolia according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (5), the diluent of the carbendazim wettable powder is 1000-fold 2000-fold diluent; the interval time is 24-48 h; the boldo liquid diluent is 1000-fold and 2000-fold diluent.
8. The method for raising seedlings of populus diversifolia according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) in the step (6), seedling emergence management is that populus diversifolia sprouts within 24 hours after being sown, the seedlings sprout for 2-3 days from sowing to emergence, and the sowing land is required to keep humidity all the time from sowing to true leaf period for one week, so that the bed surface can not be irrigated by flood and only lateral infiltrating irrigation can be performed.
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