CN110788668A - 机床 - Google Patents

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CN110788668A
CN110788668A CN201910704336.9A CN201910704336A CN110788668A CN 110788668 A CN110788668 A CN 110788668A CN 201910704336 A CN201910704336 A CN 201910704336A CN 110788668 A CN110788668 A CN 110788668A
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machining
unit
tool
chatter vibration
machine tool
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CN110788668B (zh
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中村嘉克
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Nakamura Tome Precision Industry Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/416Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control of velocity, acceleration or deceleration
    • G05B19/4163Adaptive control of feed or cutting velocity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
    • B23Q17/0952Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
    • B23Q17/0971Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining by measuring mechanical vibrations of parts of the machine
    • B23Q17/0976Detection or control of chatter
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q15/00Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/12Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring vibration
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/404Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/37Measurements
    • G05B2219/37434Measuring vibration of machine or workpiece or tool
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/37Measurements
    • G05B2219/37513Convert time domain signal to frequency domain signal
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/41Servomotor, servo controller till figures
    • G05B2219/41256Chattering control

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的目的在于,提供可以确保工件的加工质量以及抑制工具的损伤的机床。该机床其特征在于,具有:颤振发生的检测单元;以及在通过所述检测单元检测到颤振发生的情况下将其检测值与预定的阈值进行比较的比较单元,并且具有:在所述检测值被判断为超过阈值的情况下执行使工件与工具的相对位置分离的操作的单元;以及用于在执行所述操作后分析所述颤振的分析单元。

Description

机床
技术领域
本发明涉及具备在机械加工时发生了颤振时的应对单元的机床。
背景技术
在机械加工时因某些理由发生颤振的情况下,不仅会影响工件的加工质量,而且也会导致工具磨损、工具损伤。
因此,例如专利文献1公开了一种下述的技术:其以加速度传感器检测颤振,并且根据基于该检测计算出的颤振的频率来计算调整切削工具等的转速。
但是,这种情况下,在分析颤振的频率的期间,在仍然发生颤振的状态下继续执行机械加工。
因此,在此期间也可能会产生加工不良的工件,或者根据情况还会牵涉到工具的损伤。
专利文献1:日本特开2010-105160号公报
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供可以确保工件的加工质量以及抑制工具的损伤的机床。
本发明涉及的机床其特征在于,具有:颤振发生的检测单元;以及在通过所述检测单元检测到颤振发生的情况下将该检测值与预定的阈值进行比较的比较单元,并且具有:在所述检测值被判断为超过阈值的情况下执行使工件与工具的相对位置分离的操作的单元;以及用于在执行所述操作后分析所述颤振的分析单元。
这里,颤振发生的检测单元指的是在使用工具对工件进行机械加工时检测工件、工具、刀座等发生的振动的单元,也包括在工件的加工部位发生颤动及其前兆。
作为检测单元,也可以检测加速度传感器、加速度计(振动传感器)等接触传感器、涡电流式非接触传感器、激光非接触传感器,或者伺服电机等的负载电流变化、位置偏差或旋转偏差的变化、声音的变化等间接性位移。
在本发明中,优选具有基于所述颤振的分析结果的加工条件的变更引导单元,具有供操作员基于其变更加工条件的单元,并具有在变更所述加工条件后重启机械加工的单元,可选地,具有判断单元,当由重启所述机械加工的单元发出了加工重启指令时,所述判断单元判断所述机械加工是重切削还是轻切削,在所述判断单元判断为是重切削的情况下,重新加工从中断加工的位置开始,在所述判断单元判断为是轻切削的情况下,重新加工从中断的加工路径的起点开始。
发明效果
在本发明中,通过颤振发生的检测单元检测颤振发生的有无,在检测到工件有发生颤动的危险或开始发生颤动时,可以立即使工件和工具分开,因此可以一边如现有技术那样预先检测颤振,一边防止在其分析中进行机械加工。
由此,可以减少工件发生不良、工具的磨损、损伤。
附图说明
图1示出第一系统构成例。
图2示出第二系统构成例。
图3示出第三系统构成例。
图4示出第四系统构成例。
图5示出流程图例。
附图标记说明
1:主轴;2:工具主轴;2a:检测单元;3:工具;4:计算装置;5:控制板;6:NC装置;12:转台。
具体实施方式
以下基于附图对本发明涉及的机床的系统构成例进行说明。
图1中示出第一系统构成例。
本实施例为车床的示例,用卡盘将工件W保持于主轴1上,并以电机控制旋转。
与此相对地,将工具3装配于工具主轴2上并进行车削。
控制系统包括计算装置4、控制板5、NC装置6。
在工具主轴2上安装有用于检测颤振的检测单元2a。
该检测单元2a用于检测在机械加工时工件上发生颤动,只要是检测伴随着颤动发生的时序的位移,则可以为加速度传感器、加速度计(振动传感器)、激光非接触式传感器、伺服电机的负载电流变化、位置偏差或旋转偏差的变化、使用麦克风等的声音的输出变化等,无所谓接触、非接触、直接、间接等。
接着,参照图5所示的流程图,在下面说明机械加工的流程。
当发出了加工的开始指令(S1)时,针对加工条件的设定(S2)的内容,执行由各种传感器等构成的检测单元2a所获取的振动数据的选择(S3)。
例如,当选择了加速度计时,将由检测单元2a时序地检测到的电信号变化取入到计算装置4中。
计算装置4中具有颤动检测程序,时序地显示作为振动数据,并且该振动值(振幅)的大小与预先设定输入的阈值进行比较。
通过该颤动检测程序,如果与阈值比较(S4),颤振在阈值以下,则继续执行加工并使其结束(S6)。
另一方面,当检测到颤动发生的危险或者颤动发生的前兆时,从NC装置6输出回避操作指令6a,并且工具主轴2的工具3与工件分离(S8)。
在此期间,在计算装置4中执行颤振的FFT分析,确定颤动频率等(4b、S9)。
另外,计算装置4中具有颤动防止计算单元,该颤动防止计算单元用于基于FFT分析的结果,获得用于抑制颤动发生的加工条件。
基于其的加工条件变更引导5a显示在控制板5等上(S10)。
参考该显示,操作员(作业人员)输入加工条件的变更内容(5b、S11)。
然后,当发出了加工重启指令(S12)时,根据NC装置6的加工重启指令信号重启机械加工。
此时,在本实施例中,如果机械加工为粗切削等重切削(S13),则从中断其加工的位置开始重新切入(S14);如果为精加工等轻切削,则返回到开始发生颤动之前的加工路径的起点(S15),进行重启(S16)。
在本发明中对机械加工的种类没有限制,例如也可以如图2所示为使用转台12的车削,可以列举如图3所示在工具主轴22上装配有旋转工具3的铣削加工、或如图4所示在转台32上装配有旋转工具3的铣削加工等作为例子。
在铣削加工的情况下,优选检测工具3的振动。

Claims (3)

1.一种机床,其特征在于,具有:
颤振发生的检测单元;
在通过所述检测单元检测到颤振发生的情况下将检测值与预定的阈值进行比较的比较单元;
在所述检测值被判断为超过阈值的情况下执行使工件与工具的相对位置分离的操作的单元;以及
用于在执行所述操作后分析所述颤振的分析单元。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机床,其特征在于,所述机床还具有:
基于所述颤振的分析结果的加工条件的变更引导单元;
供操作员基于加工条件的变更引导变更加工条件的单元;以及
在变更所述加工条件后重启机械加工的单元。
3.根据权利要求2所述的机床,其特征在于,
所述机床还具有判断单元,当由重启所述机械加工的单元发出了加工重启指令时,所述判断单元判断所述机械加工是重切削还是轻切削,
在所述判断单元判断为是重切削的情况下,重新加工从中断加工的位置开始,在所述判断单元判断为是轻切削的情况下,重新加工从中断的加工路径的起点开始。
CN201910704336.9A 2018-08-01 2019-07-31 机床 Active CN110788668B (zh)

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