CN110776991A - 一种怀山药脂肪酸的提取方法 - Google Patents
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- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
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Abstract
本发明公开的一种怀山药脂肪酸的提取方法,包括以下步骤:S1.碱液去皮;S2.微波条件下,加入0.1%‑0.3%的植酸护色;S3.打浆并离心;S4.添加复合酶,降低粘液粘度,所述复合酶包括纤维素酶、甘露聚糖酶、木聚糖酶;S5.喷雾干燥后,经二氧化碳超临界萃取,得所述怀山药脂肪酸,在超临界状态下使用CO2作为萃取剂,溶剂消耗少,产品得率高,二氧化碳流体为绿色无污染溶剂,廉价易得,萃取的山药油脂纯度高,无溶剂残留,萃取周期短,无环境污染等特点,且方法简单,适合工业化大生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品领域,具体涉及一种怀山药脂肪酸的提取方法。
背景技术
怀山药中除含有淀粉、脂肪和蛋白质三大营养物质外,还含有多种维生素和微量元素,营养价值全面。植物油脂是人体必需脂肪酸的主要来源,同时也是食品、香料、化工等的重要原料。王勇等[2]以石油醚为溶剂进行索氏提取怀山药中的油脂,所得脂肪酸利用硫酸-甲醇法进行甲酯化,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对脂肪酸甲酯化产物分离鉴定,利用峰面积归一化法测定各组分相对含量。结果共检出27种脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸18种,占脂肪酸总量的51%,主要成分为十六酸,其中奇数碳脂肪酸8种,不饱和脂肪酸9种,占总量的49%,主要为亚油酸、油酸和亚麻酸。怀山药中含有较多对人体有益的不饱和脂肪酸和奇数碳脂肪酸,这可能与怀山药的营养保健作用有关。
现有对怀山药的研究集中在多糖、黄酮等功能性物质,对怀山药脂肪酸成分利用度不够。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种怀山药粘液多糖的制备方法,降低粘液黏度,并保留粘液的同时制备生理活性多糖。
本发明的解决的技术方案是,提供一种怀山药脂肪酸的提取方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.碱液去皮;
S2.微波条件下,加入0.1%-0.3%的植酸护色;
S3.打浆并离心;
S4.添加复合酶,降低粘液粘度,所述复合酶包括纤维素酶、甘露聚糖酶、木聚糖酶;
S5.喷雾干燥后,经二氧化碳超临界萃取,得所述怀山药脂肪酸。
优选地,所述碱液包括浓度为1%-3%的氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液。
优选地,所述微波频率为500-700w,时间为30-60s。
优选地,所述纤维素酶、甘露聚糖酶、木聚糖酶的质量比为3:2:1。
优选地,所述S4酶解温度为50℃,酶解时间为50-70min。
优选地,萃取温度为45-50℃,萃取压力为35-40MPa,萃取时间为80-100min。
本方案的有益效果为:
1.在超临界状态下使用CO2作为萃取剂,溶剂消耗少,产品得率高,二氧化碳流体为绿色无污染溶剂,廉价易得,萃取的山药油脂纯度高,无溶剂残留,萃取周期短,无环境污染等特点,且方法简单,适合工业化大生产。
2.山药中的极性分子吸收了微波能以后,改变其原有分子结构,并高速做电场极性运动,分子间彼此频繁碰撞而产生大量摩擦热,从而使食物在短时间内迅速加热,使多酚氧化酶在短时间内失活,防止褐变;
3.植酸具有12个羧基能与金属螯合作用,从而抑制多分氧化酶的活性,植酸有络合酚类物质的作用,防止褐变的同时,山药粘液本身也含有植酸,不会因加入植酸这种护色剂而流失;
4.打浆提供剪切力,随着剪切率增加,越来越多的高分子链由原来杂乱无章的排列顺序趋向与流动方向保持一致,因而导致临近的高分子链的相互作用减少,黏度降低,便于对其浓缩或干燥的操作,得到浓缩的山药粘液多糖粉末;
5.加入复合酶,酶解降低黏度,甘露聚糖酶仅对甘露聚糖β-1,4糖苷键作用,纤维素酶可降解多种糖分结构,木聚糖酶以随机方式水解木聚糖,复配降低粘液浓度,便于对其浓缩或干燥的操作,保留多种生理活性物质,提高原料利用率。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
实施例1
原料处理:选择外形圆整,表面光滑,无病虫害的鲜怀山药100g,用清水冲洗干净备用;
去皮:将1%NaOH 置于锅中,加热升温至 60-80℃时,投入怀山药热烫处理,3-5 min 后取出用水冲洗去皮;
护色:去皮后的怀山药切成 2 mm 薄片,之后喷洒 0.1%植酸,并用微波护色,防止怀山药褐变,微波频率为60w,时间为30-60s;
打浆:将处理好的怀山药片用高速组织捣碎机(速度 12000 r/min)处理 30 s,得到怀山药浆;
离心:将上述怀山药浆,在 10000-120000r/min离心3min,分离沉淀和粘液上清;
酶解:取复合酶0.5g,其中包括50份纤维素酶、10份甘露聚糖酶、10份木聚糖酶,50℃水浴50-70min,酶解完成后,将反应液在冰水浴中冷却 15 min,终止酶解反应;
离心:将冷却的酶解反应液在 4℃条件下离心15 min,得到除酶的离心上清液;
醇沉:向浓缩后的多糖加入 1 倍体积的水,之后缓慢加入 5 倍体积的乙醇进行24 h醇沉,离心除沉淀,喷雾干燥。
萃取脂肪酸:CO2从钢瓶经净化器到达储罐,从储罐出来的CO2气体经制冷器液化,由高压调频柱塞泵送入到预热器中预热,然后进入萃取釜,升压到预定设置值使CO2达到超临界状态,同物料进行质交换对溶解其中的油脂进行萃取。CO2经分离器减压后经净化器除去杂质,再回到储罐中循环利用,萃取温度为50℃,萃取压力为40MPa,萃取时间为100min。
实施例2
原料处理:选择外形圆整,表面光滑,无病虫害的鲜怀山药100g,用清水冲洗干净备用;
去皮:将3%NaOH 置于锅中,加热升温至 60-80℃时,投入怀山药热烫处理,3-5 min 后取出用水冲洗去皮;
护色:去皮后的怀山药切成 5 mm 薄片,之后喷洒 0.3%植酸,并用微波护色,防止怀山药褐变,微波频率为700w,时间为30-60s;
打浆:将处理好的怀山药片用高速组织捣碎机(速度12000 r/min)处理 30 s,得到怀山药浆;
离心:将上述怀山药浆,在 10000-120000r/min离心5min,分离沉淀和粘液上清;
酶解:取复合酶0.3g,其中包括60份纤维素酶、20份甘露聚糖酶、20份木聚糖酶,50℃水浴50-70min,酶解完成后,将反应液在冰水浴中冷却 15 min,终止酶解反应;
离心:将冷却的酶解反应液在 4℃条件下离心,得到除酶的离心上清液;
醇沉:向浓缩后的多糖加入1倍体积的水,之后缓慢加入 5 倍体积的乙醇进行24 h 醇沉,离心除沉淀,喷雾干燥。
萃取脂肪酸:CO2从钢瓶经净化器到达储罐,从储罐出来的CO2气体经制冷器液化,由高压调频柱塞泵送入到预热器中预热,然后进入萃取釜,升压到预定设置值使CO2达到超临界状态,同物料进行质交换对溶解其中的油脂进行萃取。CO2经分离器减压后经净化器除去杂质,再回到储罐中循环利用,萃取温度为45℃,萃取压力为35MPa,萃取时间为80min。
实施例3
原料处理:选择外形圆整,表面光滑,无病虫害的鲜怀山药100g,用清水冲洗干净备用;
去皮:将2%NaOH 置于锅中,加热升温至 60-80℃时,投入怀山药热烫处理,3-5 min 后取出用水冲洗去皮;
护色:去皮后的怀山药切成2mm 薄片,之后喷洒 0.2%植酸,并用微波护色,防止怀山药褐变,微波频率为500w,时间为30-60s;
打浆:将处理好的怀山药片用高速组织捣碎机(速度 12000 r/min)处理 30 s,得到怀山药浆;
离心:将上述怀山药浆,在 10000-120000r/min离心4min,分离沉淀和粘液上清;
酶解:取复合酶0.3g,其中包括55份纤维素酶、15份甘露聚糖酶、15份木聚糖酶,50℃水浴50-70min,酶解完成后,将反应液在冰水浴中冷却 15 min,终止酶解反应;
离心:将冷却的酶解反应液在 4℃条件下离心,得到除酶的离心上清液;
醇沉:向浓缩后的多糖加入1倍体积的水,之后缓慢加入5 倍体积的乙醇进行24 h 醇沉,离心除沉淀,喷雾干燥。
萃取脂肪酸:CO2从钢瓶经净化器到达储罐,从储罐出来的CO2气体经制冷器液化,由高压调频柱塞泵送入到预热器中预热,然后进入萃取釜,升压到预定设置值使CO2达到超临界状态,同物料进行质交换对溶解其中的油脂进行萃取。CO2经分离器减压后经净化器除去杂质,再回到储罐中循环利用,萃取温度为48℃,萃取压力为38MPa,萃取时间为90min。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种怀山药脂肪酸的提取方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.碱液去皮;
S2.微波条件下,加入0.1%-0.3%的植酸护色;
S3.打浆并离心;
S4.添加复合酶,降低粘液粘度,所述复合酶包括纤维素酶、甘露聚糖酶、木聚糖酶;
S5.喷雾干燥后,经二氧化碳超临界萃取,得所述怀山药脂肪酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种怀山药脂肪酸的提取方法,其特征在于,所述碱液包括浓度为1%-3%的氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种怀山药脂肪酸的提取方法,其特征在于,所述微波频率为500-700w,时间为30-60s。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种怀山药脂肪酸的提取方法,其特征在于,所述纤维素酶、甘露聚糖酶、木聚糖酶的质量比为3:2:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种怀山药脂肪酸的提取方法,其特征在于,所述S4酶解温度为50℃,酶解时间为50-70min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种怀山药脂肪酸的提取方法,其特征在于,萃取温度为45-50℃,萃取压力为35-40MPa,萃取时间为80-100min。
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