CN110734308A - method for preparing organic fertilizer by using fruit residues and prepared organic fertilizer - Google Patents
method for preparing organic fertilizer by using fruit residues and prepared organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110734308A CN110734308A CN201911207551.4A CN201911207551A CN110734308A CN 110734308 A CN110734308 A CN 110734308A CN 201911207551 A CN201911207551 A CN 201911207551A CN 110734308 A CN110734308 A CN 110734308A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing organic fertilizer from fruits by utilizing fruit residues and the organic fertilizer prepared by the method, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of mixing and crushing the fruit residues and straws according to by a certain proportion to obtain fermentation raw materials, adjusting the humidity of the fermentation raw materials, inoculating a decomposition microbial inoculum, fermenting for 10-15 days at 50-60 ℃ to obtain decomposed materials, transferring the decomposed and decomposed materials into a closed container, inserting hollow pipes with ends extending out of the closed container into the decomposed materials, introducing air with the oxygen content of 5% -10% into the closed container through the hollow pipes every 1-2 days in the fermentation process, introducing the air for 40-60 min every time, and obtaining the organic fertilizer after 25-30 days.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a method for preparing an organic fertilizer from fruit residues and the prepared organic fertilizer.
Background
With the continuous improvement of living standard, the consumption of fruits is gradually increased year by year, but the fruits have short shelf life and are easy to damage, and a large amount of fruits are rotten due to poor storage every year; meanwhile, many fruits are drunk by taking juice, and a large amount of fruit residues are left after juicing. At present, the rotted fruits and fruit residues are mostly directly stacked in farmlands and naturally rotted, so that the environment is polluted, and organic substances in the fruits and the fruit residues are not fully utilized, so that the waste of resources is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to utilize rotten fruits and fruit residues in a fermentation mode to obtain organic fertilizers suitable for the growth of crops.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that methods for preparing organic fertilizer by using fruit residues are provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing and crushing the fruit residues, wheat straws and corn straws according to the mass ratio of 10: 4-6: 2-4 to obtain a fermentation raw material;
s2: sprinkling water to the fermentation raw material to adjust the water content of the fermentation raw material to 40% -50%, then inoculating a thoroughly decomposed microbial inoculum to the fermentation raw material, and carrying out composting fermentation for 10-15 days at 50-60 ℃ to obtain a thoroughly decomposed material; the decomposed microbial inoculum is obtained by hermetically fermenting fruit residues to obtain strains and performing in-vitro culture on the strains by using a microbial culture medium;
s3, spreading the decomposed material layer by layer in a closed container, then inserting hollow pipes into the decomposed material, extending the other ends of the hollow pipes out of the closed container, and sealing the closed container and the hollow pipes;
s4: in the fermentation process, air with the oxygen content of 5-10% is introduced into the closed container through the hollow pipe every 1-2 days, and the air introduction time is 40-60 min each time;
and S4, stopping fermentation after 25-30 days, taking out the fermented decomposed material in the closed container, and drying in the sun to obtain the organic fertilizer.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
, the fruit residue is rotten fruit or fruit residue after juicing.
And , the mass ratio of the fruit residues to the wheat straws and the corn straws in the S1 is 10:5: 3.
, the inoculation amount of the decomposing inoculant in the fermentation raw materials in S2 accounts for 0.5-1% of the mass of the fermentation raw materials.
, the fermentation temperature of the fermentation material in S2 is 55 deg.C, and the fermentation time is 12 days.
, preparing the decomposed microbial inoculum by the following steps:
(1) exposing the fruit residues to an environment at 50-60 ℃ until the fruit residues are rotted and deteriorated, and then uniformly mixing the deteriorated fruit residues with deionized water according to a mass ratio of 1: 5-10, and pulping to obtain primary pulp;
(2) mixing the fruit residues and the raw pulp according to the weight ratio of 10 g: mixing 5-8 mL of materials and liquid, transferring the mixture into a fermentation tank for closed fermentation, and collecting fermentation liquid and filtering to obtain a strain when the fermentation temperature is raised to 50-60 ℃;
(3) inoculating the strain into a microbial culture medium, culturing for 8-10 days at 25-30 ℃, then filtering and collecting a bacterial liquid to obtain a bacterial liquid;
(4) mixing the bacterial liquid and the protein nutrient according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and freeze-drying at the temperature of minus 80 ℃ to minus 70 ℃ to obtain the decomposed microbial inoculum.
, the microbial culture medium used in the step (3) comprises, by mass, 3-6 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 1-1.5 parts of yeast powder, 5-7 parts of peptone, 4-6 parts of glucose, 0.05-0.1 part of disodium hydrogen phosphate and 15-20 parts of deionized water.
, the protein nutrient used in the step (4) comprises, by mass, 40-50 parts of glycerol, 20-25 parts of soybean meal powder and 50-60 parts of deionized water.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the fruit residues are prepared into the organic fertilizer in a fermentation manner, so that not only is waste utilization realized, but also the problem of environmental pollution can be effectively solved, and the organic fertilizer has remarkable beneficial effects.
2. The fermented material disclosed by the invention also comprises wheat straws and corn straws besides fruit residues, and the straws contain a large amount of cellulose, so that the finally obtained organic fertilizer has a fluffy structure, can adsorb moisture in the air and nutrient substances in soil, and has a positive effect on improvement of soil texture; meanwhile, the straws are rich in elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like, so that the proportion of the elements in the final organic fertilizer can be adjusted, and the fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer is obviously improved.
3. The decomposing microbial inoculum used in decomposing the fermentation material is obtained by fermenting the rotten fruit residues, contains thalli with a specific decomposition function on fruit residues, can quickly decompose and decompose the fermentation raw materials, can decompose nutrient components in the fermentation raw materials into substances which can be directly absorbed by crops while shortening the fermentation time, and can more efficiently promote the growth of the crops.
4. In the fermentation process of the decomposed material, air is intermittently introduced, so that the fertilizer is not only steps fluffy, but also proportion of oxygen is contained in the air, the reproduction of decomposed bacteria can be accelerated, and the fermentation time is shortened.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example
method for preparing organic fertilizer by using fruit residues, comprising the following steps:
s1: mixing the fruit residues with wheat straws and corn straws according to a mass ratio of 10:5:3, and crushing to obtain a fermentation raw material;
s2: sprinkling water to the fermentation raw material to adjust the water content of the fermentation raw material to 45%, then inoculating a mature microbial inoculum to the fermentation raw material, and carrying out composting fermentation for 12 days at the temperature of 55 ℃ to obtain a mature material; the decomposed microbial inoculum is prepared by the following steps:
(1) exposing the fruit residues to an environment at 50-60 ℃ until the fruit residues are rotted and deteriorated, and then uniformly mixing the deteriorated fruit residues with deionized water according to a mass ratio of 1:8, and mashing to obtain primary pulp;
(2) mixing the fruit residues and the raw pulp according to the weight ratio of 10 g: mixing the materials and the liquid in a ratio of 6mL, transferring the mixture into a fermentation tank for closed fermentation, and collecting fermentation liquid and filtering the fermentation liquid to obtain a strain after the fermentation temperature is raised to 55 ℃;
(3) inoculating the strain into a microbial culture medium, culturing for 10 days at 25 ℃, and then filtering and collecting bacterial liquid to obtain bacterial liquid; the microbial culture medium comprises the following components in parts by mass: 6 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 1 part of yeast powder, 5 parts of peptone, 6 parts of glucose, 0.1 part of disodium hydrogen phosphate and 20 parts of deionized water;
(4) mixing the bacterial liquid and the protein nutrient according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and freeze-drying at the temperature of minus 80 ℃ to obtain a decomposed microbial inoculum; the protein nutrient comprises the following components in parts by mass: 45 parts of glycerol, 22 parts of soybean meal powder and 55 parts of deionized water;
s3, spreading the decomposed material layer by layer in a closed container, then inserting hollow pipes into the decomposed material, extending the other ends of the hollow pipes out of the closed container, and sealing the closed container and the hollow pipes;
s4: in the fermentation process, introducing air with oxygen content of 10% into the closed container via hollow tube every 2 days for 40 min;
and S4, stopping fermentation after 25-30 days, taking out the fermented decomposed material in the closed container, and drying in the sun to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Example two
method for preparing organic fertilizer by using fruit residues, comprising the following steps:
s1: mixing the fruit residues with wheat straws and corn straws according to a mass ratio of 10:4:4, and crushing to obtain a fermentation raw material;
s2: sprinkling water to the fermentation raw material to adjust the water content of the fermentation raw material to 50%, then inoculating a rotten microbial inoculum to the fermentation raw material, and carrying out composting fermentation for 10 days at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain rotten clinker; the decomposed microbial inoculum is prepared by the following steps:
(1) exposing the fruit residues to an environment at 50-60 ℃ until the fruit residues are rotted and deteriorated, and then uniformly mixing the deteriorated fruit residues with deionized water according to a mass ratio of 1:5, and mashing to obtain primary pulp;
(2) mixing the fruit residues and the raw pulp according to the weight ratio of 10 g: mixing 8mL of materials and liquid, transferring the mixture into a fermentation tank for closed fermentation, and collecting fermentation liquid and filtering to obtain a strain when the fermentation temperature is raised to 60 ℃;
(3) inoculating the strain into a microbial culture medium, culturing for 8 days at 30 ℃, and then filtering and collecting a bacterial liquid to obtain a bacterial liquid; the microbial culture medium comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 1.5 parts of yeast powder, 6 parts of peptone, 5 parts of glucose, 0.08 part of disodium hydrogen phosphate and 18 parts of deionized water;
(4) mixing the bacterial liquid and the protein nutrient according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and freeze-drying at the temperature of-70 ℃ to obtain a decomposed microbial inoculum; the protein nutrient comprises the following components in parts by mass: 40 parts of glycerol, 25 parts of soybean meal powder and 50 parts of deionized water;
s3, spreading the decomposed material layer by layer in a closed container, then inserting hollow pipes into the decomposed material, extending the other ends of the hollow pipes out of the closed container, and sealing the closed container and the hollow pipes;
s4: in the fermentation process, introducing air with oxygen content of 8% into the closed container via hollow tube every 2 days for 50 min;
and S4, stopping fermentation after 25-30 days, taking out the fermented decomposed material in the closed container, and drying in the sun to obtain the organic fertilizer.
EXAMPLE III
method for preparing organic fertilizer by using fruit residues, comprising the following steps:
s1: mixing the fruit residues with wheat straws and corn straws according to the mass ratio of 10:6:2, and crushing to obtain a fermentation raw material;
s2: sprinkling water to the fermentation raw material to adjust the water content of the fermentation raw material to 40%, then inoculating a mature microbial inoculum to the fermentation raw material, and carrying out composting fermentation for 15 days at the temperature of 50 ℃ to obtain a mature material; the decomposed microbial inoculum is prepared by the following steps:
(1) exposing the fruit residues to an environment at 50-60 ℃ until the fruit residues are rotted and deteriorated, and then uniformly mixing the deteriorated fruit residues with deionized water according to a mass ratio of 1:10, and mashing to obtain primary pulp;
(2) mixing the fruit residues and the raw pulp according to the weight ratio of 10 g: mixing 5mL of materials and liquid, transferring the mixture into a fermentation tank for closed fermentation, and collecting fermentation liquid and filtering to obtain a strain when the fermentation temperature is raised to 50 ℃;
(3) inoculating the strain into a microbial culture medium, culturing for 10 days at 28 ℃, and then filtering and collecting bacterial liquid to obtain bacterial liquid; the microbial culture medium comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 1.5 parts of yeast powder, 7 parts of peptone, 4 parts of glucose, 0.05 part of disodium hydrogen phosphate and 15 parts of deionized water;
(4) mixing the bacterial liquid and the protein nutrient according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and freeze-drying at the temperature of minus 80 ℃ to obtain a decomposed microbial inoculum; the protein nutrient comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of glycerin, 20 parts of soybean meal powder and 60 parts of deionized water;
s3, spreading the decomposed material layer by layer in a closed container, then inserting hollow pipes into the decomposed material, extending the other ends of the hollow pipes out of the closed container, and sealing the closed container and the hollow pipes;
s4: in the fermentation process, introducing air with oxygen content of 5% into the closed container via hollow tube every 2 days for 60 min;
and S4, stopping fermentation after 25-30 days, taking out the fermented decomposed material in the closed container, and drying in the sun to obtain the organic fertilizer.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should not be construed as limited to the scope of the patent. Various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without inventive step within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1, method for preparing organic fertilizer by using fruit residues, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: mixing and crushing the fruit residues, wheat straws and corn straws according to the mass ratio of 10: 4-6: 2-4 to obtain a fermentation raw material;
s2: sprinkling water to the fermentation raw material to adjust the water content of the fermentation raw material to 40% -50%, then inoculating a thoroughly decomposed microbial inoculum to the fermentation raw material, and carrying out composting fermentation for 10-15 days at 50-60 ℃ to obtain a thoroughly decomposed material; the decomposed microbial inoculum is obtained by hermetically fermenting fruit residues to obtain strains and performing in-vitro culture on the strains by using a microbial culture medium;
s3, spreading the decomposed material layer by layer in a closed container, then inserting hollow pipes into the decomposed material, extending the other ends of the hollow pipes out of the closed container, and sealing the closed container and the hollow pipes;
s4: in the fermentation process, air with the oxygen content of 5-10% is introduced into the closed container through the hollow pipe every 1-2 days, and the air introduction time is 40-60 min each time;
and S4, stopping fermentation after 25-30 days, taking out the fermented decomposed material in the closed container, and drying in the sun to obtain the organic fertilizer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the fruit residues are rotten fruits or fruit residues obtained after fruit juicing.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: and the mass ratio of the fruit residues to the wheat straws and the corn straws in the S1 is 10:5: 3.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the inoculation amount of the decomposing microbial inoculum in the fermentation raw materials in S2 accounts for 0.5-1% of the mass of the fermentation raw materials.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the fermentation temperature of the fermentation raw material in S2 is 55 ℃, and the fermentation time is 12 days.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the decomposing inoculant is prepared by the following steps:
(1) exposing the fruit residues to an environment at 50-60 ℃ until the fruit residues are rotted and deteriorated, and then uniformly mixing the deteriorated fruit residues with deionized water according to a mass ratio of 1: 5-10, and pulping to obtain primary pulp;
(2) mixing the fruit residues and the raw pulp according to the weight ratio of 10 g: mixing 5-8 mL of materials and liquid, transferring the mixture into a fermentation tank for closed fermentation, and collecting fermentation liquid and filtering to obtain a strain when the fermentation temperature is raised to 50-60 ℃;
(3) inoculating the strain into a microbial culture medium, culturing for 8-10 days at 25-30 ℃, then filtering and collecting a bacterial liquid to obtain a bacterial liquid;
(4) mixing the bacterial liquid and the protein nutrient according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and freeze-drying at the temperature of minus 80 ℃ to minus 70 ℃ to obtain the decomposed microbial inoculum.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the microbial culture medium used in the step (3) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3-6 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 1-1.5 parts of yeast powder, 5-7 parts of peptone, 4-6 parts of glucose, 0.05-0.1 part of disodium hydrogen phosphate and 15-20 parts of deionized water.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the protein nutrient used in the step (4) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 40-50 parts of glycerol, 20-25 parts of soybean meal powder and 50-60 parts of deionized water.
9. An organic fertilizer produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8 and .
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111704489A (en) * | 2020-06-06 | 2020-09-25 | 张家港市蔬之园农产品有限公司 | Method for preparing biological fertilizer from fruit and vegetable wastes |
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CN107227268A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-10-03 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of stalk microbe decomposing microbial inoculum and preparation method thereof |
CN109651017A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-19 | 沈阳瑞丰农业技术开发有限公司 | A kind of biological bacteria compound organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
CN110028343A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-07-19 | 环创(厦门)科技股份有限公司 | A kind of fruits and vegetables waste dish waste disposal method |
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Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103274800A (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2013-09-04 | 西南大学 | Method for producing special flue-cured tobacco organic fertilizer by processing apple juicing waste residues |
CN107227268A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-10-03 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of stalk microbe decomposing microbial inoculum and preparation method thereof |
CN107079630A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-08-22 | 成都硕谷农业科技有限公司 | It is a kind of to cover rice growing method without symbiosis phase wheat |
CN109651017A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-19 | 沈阳瑞丰农业技术开发有限公司 | A kind of biological bacteria compound organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
CN110028343A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-07-19 | 环创(厦门)科技股份有限公司 | A kind of fruits and vegetables waste dish waste disposal method |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111704489A (en) * | 2020-06-06 | 2020-09-25 | 张家港市蔬之园农产品有限公司 | Method for preparing biological fertilizer from fruit and vegetable wastes |
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