CN110028343A

CN110028343A - A kind of fruits and vegetables waste dish waste disposal method

Info

Publication number: CN110028343A
Application number: CN201910244232.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁犹钦; 郭子成
Original assignee: Polytron Technologies Xiamen Co Ltd
Current assignee: Polytron Technologies Xiamen Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-03-28
Filing date: 2019-03-28
Publication date: 2019-07-19

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of fruits and vegetables waste dish waste disposal method, and step includes that main material A is various vegetables dish leafs, fruit etc., is crushed；Supplies B is stalk powder or thin sawdust, peanut shell powder, wheat bran；Catalyst C formula is that fruits and vegetables waste dish rubbish per ton adds: active carbon 0.5-1Kg, weathered coal 0.8-1.0Kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-1.5Kg, urea 2.5-5Kg, Em bacterium 3.5-5Kg, brown sugar 2.5-3.5Kg；It will be sent into fermentor after main material A, auxiliary B and catalyst C stirring, continuously for aerobe fermentation, fermented 20-35 days.The survival rate of strain in catalyst can be improved in the method for the present invention, shortens fermentation period, improves production capacity.

Description

A kind of fruits and vegetables waste dish waste disposal method

Technical field

The present invention relates to biological organic matter aerobic compost fields, and in particular to a kind of processing side for fruits and vegetables waste dish rubbish Method.

Background technique

It adopts in the receipts of veterinary antibiotics, process, transport, a large amount of fruits and vegetables waste dish waste can be generated in sales process, only vegetable Green vegetable bun at least generates a quarter to the waste dish of one third after filling.A large amount of fruits and vegetables waste dish waste causes environmental pollution, shadow City appearance is rung, is the big problem urgently to be resolved that China faces.

The exploration of waste dish offal treatment at present is concentrated mainly on biogas fermentation, compost, feed processing etc., however due to fruit Vegetable waste dish waste water content is big, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is high, and content of organics is limited, and aforementioned processing methods all have various problems.

Chinese invention patent publication number CN105254421A discloses " a kind of to be given birth to using biotechnology processing waste dish and fermentation The method of object fertilizer ", the invention are handled using compound biological enzyme and microbial association, and waste dish processing is prepared into bio-feritlizer, But it has the following disadvantages:

1, fruits and vegetables waste dish waste size itself is larger, and gap is also larger, by fruits and vegetables waste dish waste merely with fermentation Agent is stacked, and is unfavorable for fermenting, and the diffusion transfer of strain is more difficult.

2, fermentation materials are mainly various biological decomposition catalyzing enzymes, after alternately and repeatedly heap paving, water are added to be totally immersed into In water, although enzyme can be allowed to dissolve, there is no into water it is quick-fried enter oxygen (or air), cause internal anaerobic environment, it is organic Under anaerobic environment, a large amount of anaerobe starts to breed matter, and a large amount of organic matters in solution start to be decomposed at this time Various organic acids, the pH rapid decrease of solution, can generally drop between 4-5, under this strong acidic environment, the work of biological enzyme Property will receive inhibition, or even can fail, so being problematic from process.

3, its various material is voluntarily decomposed under anaerobic environment, this can generate methane, hydrogen, vulcanization in the process The substances such as hydrogen, while there are also a large amount of alcohols, the organic foul smell of ethers to generate, generation environment pollution.

4, under anaerobic environment, large amount of organic transforms into methane or carbon dioxide and organic acid, and organic matter turns Rate (arriving humic acid) is relatively low, and under the method for the invention, decomposition in fermentation period 7-10 days is to reach with fermentation in 15-20 days Less than fermentation, even if the composite bacteria agent being added is aerobic bacteria, as acidic environment and anaerobic environment, occur a large amount of It is dead.

5, weathered coal is particle porous mechanism, under liquid environment, can adsorb a large amount of suspended particulates and moisture, cause hole Grain, which is completely covered, is not achieved absorption nutrient, and the purpose (oxygen is in microcellular structure) of dissolved oxygen can not play microbial inoculum carrier Effect.

6, by the organic matter under the liquid environment of anaerobic fermentation, clear liquid and sediment are all no completely decomposed, need Aerobic aeration and aerobic compost treatment are further carried out, farmland could be used for, environmental pollution is otherwise will cause and soil strives oxygen Situation.

Summary of the invention

In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide one kind can reduce the prior fermentation heating-up time, shortens Fermentation period and the fruits and vegetables waste dish waste disposal method for promoting ferment effect.

To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:

A kind of fruits and vegetables waste dish waste disposal method, comprising the following steps:

(1) prepare material to be fermented, main material A is various vegetables dish leafs, fruit etc., is crushed；Supplies B is Stalk powder or thin sawdust, peanut shell powder, wheat bran；

(2) prepare catalyst C, catalyst C formula is that fruits and vegetables waste dish rubbish per ton adds: active carbon 0.5-1Kg, weathered coal 0.8-1.0Kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-1.5Kg, urea 2.5-5Kg, Em bacterium 3.5-5Kg, brown sugar 2.5-3.5Kg；

(3) it will be sent into fermentor after main material A, auxiliary B and catalyst C stirring, continuously for aerobe fermentation, fermented 20-35 days.

Further, the catalyst C formula is that fruits and vegetables waste dish rubbish per ton adds: active carbon 1Kg, weathered coal 0.8Kg, phosphorus Acid dihydride potassium 0.5Kg, urea 2.5Kg, Em bacterium 5Kg, brown sugar 3.5Kg；

The catalyst C preparation process are as follows: first active carbon and Em bacterium are mixed evenly, brown sugar is then added and sufficiently stirs It mixes, the urea and weathered coal being mixed evenly is added, potassium dihydrogen is then added, adds pure water and stirs into flow-like；

Supplies B is pre-mixed with the catalyst C prepared, is stirred evenly；Then it is added in main material A and constantly stirs It mixes, until mixture entirety water content is between 55-60%；

Fermentor oxygen supply time is to start within the 5th hour after material is sent into fermentor.

Further, material laying depth is no more than 2.5m in fermentation.

Further, the turnings in material every 10 days or so in fermentor are primary.

The catalyst C formula is that fruits and vegetables waste dish rubbish per ton adds: active carbon 0.5Kg, weathered coal 1.0Kg, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate Hydrogen potassium 1.5Kg, urea 4-5Kg, Em bacterium 3.5Kg, brown sugar 2.5Kg；

The catalyst C preparation process are as follows: first active carbon and brown sugar, weathered coal are sufficiently stirred, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate is then added Hydrogen potassium and Em bacterium, are added urea, then spray into sterile water after being sufficiently mixed, adjustment catalysis C temperature stands 16- between 40-50 24 hours；

With tap water adjustment solid content in 8-10% after main material A is broken, supplies B adjustment moisture content is then added and exists 55-60% adds prepared catalyst C, is sent into ferment tank, and straight fermentation materials color is taupe or black.

The Em bacterium can be lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, saccharomycete, actinomyces, one kind of acetic acid bacteria or two kinds or more Mixture.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

In the case where using fermentation catalyst of the present invention, the fermentation materials heating-up time is shorter, and heats up faster, is conducive to mention High productive capacity；And catalyst of the present invention provides a large amount of sugar and microelement, microorganism nutriment is sufficient, greatly improves The survival rate of primary vaccination, the primary vaccination death rate reduce 20-40%.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is conventional normal fermentation material heap thermogram.

Fig. 2 is fermentation material material heap thermogram of the present invention.

Specific embodiment

In order to achieve the above object with effect, technical solution of the present invention is further understood, following spy enumerates preferable implementation Example, and be described in detail below:

Embodiment 1: waste dish rubbish dry method fermentation

Waste dish rubbish, such as Chinese cabbage, bamboo shoot leaf, cabbage Green leaf vegetable (other class vegetables such as potato, sweet potato, celery, capsicum No more than 10%, 20%) fruit waste content is no more than, specific implementation step is as follows:

1, prepare material to be fermented, main material A: waste dish rubbish (predominantly various vegetables dish leafs, fruit etc.), adminicle Expect B: stalk powder (or thin sawdust, peanut shell powder, wheat bran etc.), catalyst C；

2, catalyst preparation:

The present embodiment catalyst formulation table such as table one (waste dish rubbish additive amount per ton):

Classification

Active carbon

Weathered coal

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate

Urea

Em bacterium

Brown sugar

Model

200-300

200 mesh

50-100 mesh

Containing N > 46%

Liquid opportunistic pathogen

Powder

Additive amount

1Kg

0.8Kg

0.5Kg

2.5Kg

5Kg

3.5Kg

The preparation process of catalyst:

(1), first active carbon and Em strain are mixed, stirs evenly that (strain can be solid, be also possible to liquid Body), brown sugar is then added, stirs, brown sugar particle is smaller；Em strain can be lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, yeast The mixture of bacterium, actinomyces, one kind of acetic acid bacteria or two kinds or more；

(2), urea and weathered coal are mixed evenly；

(3), potassium dihydrogen phosphate after mixing two kinds of mixtures of step (1) and step (2), is added to stir evenly, Above procedure not add water, be mixed according to dry ratio；

(4), pure water is added, temperature is advisable between 40-45 DEG C, stir into flow-like (moisture is not counted in leavening gross weight, Primarily to soluble substance is allowed sufficiently to dissolve mixing, moisture is provided to strain), while being used convenient for the later period.

(5), after mixing evenly, catalyst is ready, and catalyst generally requires to have used in 7-10 days, cannot place Too long, otherwise because of nutrient limitation, it is dead that a large amount of microorganisms be will cause.

3, waste dish is handled: big part high molecule plastic and masonry sundries in removal material A, mainly various packing plastics Bag, mesh bag, masonry block etc., waste dish are crushed fineness preferably between 10-50mm, go beyond the scope a little, will not influence too much to fermentation；

4, supplies B and catalyst C are pre-mixed, are stirred evenly；

5, material A is added in blender, the mixture of supplies B and catalyst C is added in material A, is constantly stirred It mixes, until the whole water content of mixture is between 55-60%；

6, continue uniform stirring 5-8 minutes, until temperature reaches 35-40 DEG C, if temperature cannot reach 35-40 DEG C, stir Mixing chain trigger bottom can be used double-layer structure, and inside is passed through hot steam or hot water stops stirring；

7, the above-mentioned material being stirred is sent into fermentation tank (or in other containers), laying depth is maximum in fermentation tank No more than 2.5m；

8, after being laid with, from the 5th hour, start to supply oxygen, fermentation trench bottom has microcellular structure, and high pressure gas can be emitted from micropore Out, oxygen needed for fermenting is supplied, can also be intubated using porous oxygen supply, is inserted into from stack layers top, is supplied oxygen from upper end；

9, it is left to ferment, supplies oxygen and supplied oxygen for continous way, early period, intensity was lower, and when temperature is more than 60 DEG C, oxygen supply intensity increases Greatly, extra heat is taken away by powerful air-flow and vapor, makes material maximum temperature no more than 65 DEG C, more otherwise Strain can be because of high temperature death or suspend mode；

10, primary every turning in 10 days or so, in order to make material mixing more uniform, while material fermentation being avoided to collapse, Internal voids are caused to reduce；

11, temperature is minimum is not less than 55 DEG C, when lower, should suitably reduce aeration quantity, or is changed to intermittent aeration oxygen supply；

12, it ferments 20-35 days.Traditional zymotic process generally about needs can just be warming up to 35-40 DEG C within 4-7 days early period, this reality Applying example only needs 3-4 degree/day just to can reach 35-40 DEG C, can shorten 30% or more fermentation period.

Embodiment 2: waste dish rubbish wet-fermentation

1, prepare material to be fermented, main material A, supplies B is the same as embodiment 1；

2, the present embodiment catalyst formulation table such as table two (waste dish rubbish additive amount per ton):

Classification

Active carbon

Weathered coal

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate

Urea

Em bacterium

Brown sugar

Model

200-300

200 mesh

50-100 mesh

Containing N > 46%

Liquid opportunistic pathogen

Powder

Additive amount

0.5Kg

1.0Kg

1.5Kg

4-5Kg

3.5Kg

2.5Kg

The above dispensing information:

(1), active carbon is microbial inoculum breeding attachment carrier, and weathered coal offer initial stage is some than the support of relatively straightforward carbon source, together Shi Zuowei humic acid facilitates the direct use of some microorganisms.

(2), potassium dihydrogen phosphate to strain provide microelement while, also as finally ferment after material a part of nothing Machine salt nutrient exists, for adjusting the too low problem of nutrient.

(3), urea additional amount according to the type of vegetables judge, be added 4-5kg, if fiber-like vegetables are excessive, as celery, Leek, bamboo shoot leaf etc. can suitably add the nitrogen element content that the inside is adjusted into some urea；If as Chinese cabbage, cabbage etc. are aqueous Measure it is higher based on, then it is appropriate less plus urea, should add at this time into brown sugar content and weathered coal quantity, according to the width of 20-30% Degree increases, i.e., increases 20-30% in the data basis listed by upper table material.

(4), microbial inoculum is mix bacterium agent, and ingredient is as follows: lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, saccharomycete, actinomyces, acetic acid bacteria are at least Two kinds or more of mixture:

(5), brown sugar needs are slightly added in the biggish vegetable castoff of water content into supplement glucide.

The preparation of catalyst C: first active carbon and brown sugar, weathered coal are sufficiently stirred, then add potassium dihydrogen phosphate with Em bacterium, is sufficiently mixed；It is eventually adding urea, and is sufficiently stirred, it is black solid material after mixing that this process, which is dry matter, Sterile water (without disinfectant and miscellaneous bacteria) is sprayed into again, adjusts humidity between 40-50.

16-24 hour (time in summer is shorter) is stood, giving the strain sufficient time allows its attachment is parasitic to arrive absorbent charcoal carrier Above.

2, waste dish is handled: removing big part high molecule plastic and the masonry sundries in main material A, mainly various packing plastics Bag, mesh bag, masonry block etc., are then adequately crushed, and Particle size requirements are less than 10mm (more as small as possible), then use tap water Solid content is adjusted in 8-10%；

3, the higher leafy vegetable of moisture content such as main material A Chinese cabbage/cabbage in this way, such as the farm of plantation leaf vegetables, then Supplies B need to be added；If it is the mixed greens of the collections such as food market, because containing other lower vegetables of class moisture content, then It is not required to additionally incorporate supplies B.Main material A and the overall moisture content of supplies B mixture control between 55-60%, It is added in fermenting case, is slowly stirred, prevent precipitating or surface flotation slagging, fermenting case bottom from having heating device for coil, it can be with It is heated to material is fermented, then fermentation catalyst C is added to 35 DEG C in heating temperature, and stir evenly；

4, fermentation bottom of pond portion has oxygen supply aerated conduit, since inoculation, just carries out oxygen supply aeration, guarantees to fill in fermentation materials The oxygen content of foot；Since vegetables are generally more fresh, after crushing, pH value generally all between 6-7.5, is more suitable for, this stage Without adjustment；

5, it ferments 15-20 days, fermentation materials color is slowly transformed into yellow green, then turns from incipient bottle green Become celadon, and then arrive brown, finally arrives taupe, black, whole process lasted between 30-35 days.Whole process carries out Moderate heating, guarantees the abundant decomposition of fermentation materials, and straw powder and vegetable fibers substance, glucide require to be converted to corruption Matter is grown, pH value generally can be between 6.5-7 at this time, and entire fermentation process pH value measures daily all 5.0 or more, if It was found that pH value is lower, then need to reinforce to be aerated (supply of oxygen) operation, excessive oxygen can inhibit acid bacteria movable, have Help the activity of aerobic microbiological.

Guarantee that oxygen supply is sufficient in wet-fermentation method, pH value generally changes between 5.0-8.0, first drops and rise afterwards, substantially surely It is fixed, to the fermentation later period, the material of liquid state fermentation other than color change, smell also can by it is incipient smell as of rotten fish it is light to the later period Earthy Taste is mingled with faint excrement stink.

Existing normal fermentation method needs 4-7 days temperature to start slowly to rise, and reaches 40-45 DEG C；It is urged using the present invention After agent, the heating-up time can shorten 2-3 days, can reach the mutually synthermal of normal fermentation method at 2-4 days, the 5th day temperature of fermenting Degree can reach 40-50 DEG C, and fermentation period can shorten 30% or more.If Fig. 1 is the object that fermentation catalyst normal fermentation is not used Material heap thermogram；Fig. 2 is using the fermentation material material heap thermogram after catalyst of the present invention.Wherein T_maxFor same day survey The maximum temperature of amount, T_minFor the minimum temperature of same day measurement, T_AFor average degree/day, measurement method is that daily daytime is small every 2 When measurement it is primary.As can be seen from the figure；Strain is reaching identical active degree (judging from the temperature of fermentation heap body), makes In the case where with fermentation catalyst of the present invention, the heating-up time is shorter, and heats up faster (curve is more precipitous).

In addition, catalyst of the present invention provides a large amount of sugar and microelement, microorganism nutriment is sufficient, greatly improves The heavy manual labour rate of primary vaccination, the primary vaccination death rate reduce 20-40%.

Claims

1. a kind of fruits and vegetables waste dish waste disposal method, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:

(2) prepare catalyst C, catalyst C formula is that fruits and vegetables waste dish rubbish per ton adds: active carbon 0.5-1Kg, weathered coal 0.8- 1.0Kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-1.5Kg, urea 2.5-5Kg, Em bacterium 3.5-5Kg, brown sugar 2.5-3.5Kg；

2. a kind of fruits and vegetables waste dish waste disposal method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:

The catalyst C formula is that fruits and vegetables waste dish rubbish per ton adds: active carbon 1Kg, weathered coal 0.8Kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5Kg, urea 2.5Kg, Em bacterium 5Kg, brown sugar 3.5Kg；

The catalyst C preparation process are as follows: first active carbon and Em bacterium are mixed evenly, brown sugar is then added and is sufficiently stirred, The urea and weathered coal being mixed evenly is added, potassium dihydrogen is then added, adds pure water and stirs into flow-like；

Supplies B is pre-mixed with the catalyst C prepared, is stirred evenly；Then it is added in main material A and is stirred continuously, Until mixture entirety water content is between 55-60%；

3. a kind of fruits and vegetables waste dish waste disposal method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: material laying depth in fermentation No more than 2.5m.

4. a kind of fruits and vegetables waste dish waste disposal method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the material every 10 in fermentor It or so turning is primary.

5. a kind of fruits and vegetables waste dish waste disposal method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:

The catalyst C formula is that fruits and vegetables waste dish rubbish per ton adds: active carbon 0.5Kg, weathered coal 1.0Kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5Kg, urea 4-5Kg, Em bacterium 3.5Kg, brown sugar 2.5Kg；

The catalyst C preparation process are as follows: first active carbon and brown sugar, weathered coal are sufficiently stirred, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is then added With Em bacterium, urea is added after being sufficiently mixed, then sprays into sterile water, adjustment catalysis C temperature is between 40-50, and it is small to stand 16-24 When；

With tap water adjustment solid content in 8-10% after main material A is broken, supplies B adjustment moisture content is then added in 55- 60%, prepared catalyst C is added, ferment tank is sent into, straight fermentation materials color is taupe or black.

6. a kind of fruits and vegetables waste dish waste disposal method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Em bacterium can be lactic acid The mixture of bacterium, bacillus, saccharomycete, actinomyces, one kind of acetic acid bacteria or two kinds or more.