CN110713400A - Aerobic composting waste heat power generation system and working method thereof - Google Patents
Aerobic composting waste heat power generation system and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110713400A CN110713400A CN201911150378.9A CN201911150378A CN110713400A CN 110713400 A CN110713400 A CN 110713400A CN 201911150378 A CN201911150378 A CN 201911150378A CN 110713400 A CN110713400 A CN 110713400A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/05—Programmable logic controllers, e.g. simulating logic interconnections of signals according to ladder diagrams or function charts
- G05B19/054—Input/output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
- H02N11/002—Generators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to an aerobic composting waste heat power generation system and a working method thereof, belonging to the field of organic solid waste resource utilization. The system comprises a waste collection device, a main composting reaction chamber, a waste heat power generation device and a tail gas collection device; the top of the main composting reaction chamber is provided with a heat conducting cover, the upper space of the main composting reaction chamber is a reactor body of waste, the lower space of the main composting reaction chamber is a percolate collecting device, a filter screen is arranged between the upper space and the lower space, and the main composting reaction chamber is also connected with an aeration device; the bottom of the heat conduction cover is connected with the reactor body through the heat conduction rod, the waste heat power generation device is installed on the upper surface of the heat conduction cover and is formed by connecting a plurality of semiconductor temperature difference power generation pieces in series, and electric energy generated by the semiconductor temperature difference power generation pieces is transmitted to the electricity storage and supply device. The invention can ensure that the organic waste can be treated and simultaneously can recover heat, thereby solving the problem of secondary pollution caused by excessive waste heat of the traditional compost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aerobic composting waste heat power generation system and a working method thereof, belonging to the technical field of organic solid waste resource utilization.
Background
In recent years, the problem of solid organic waste pollution has become a great obstacle to the way of sustainable development due to population growth and popularization of urbanization. According to statistics, about 40 hundred million tons of excrement of the breeding industry, 6 hundred million tons of crop residues and 1 hundred million tons of biological waste are produced in China every year, and the yield is increased at a speed of 8-10%. Such a large amount of waste, if not properly disposed of, not only occupies limited space and land resources, but also poses serious pollution and threat to the living environment. In addition, the shortage of available energy and annual exploitation also become challenges for the whole human to walk on the sustainable development road. Therefore, the realization of resource utilization while realizing the treatment of solid organic waste is considered to be an important approach for solving the two problems at the same time.
However, the current solid organic waste disposal methods are single, such as sanitary landfill and incineration power generation, and the disposal methods have the problems of high energy consumption, incomplete disposal, secondary pollution and the like. Nowadays, the composting technology is considered to be a better technology for treating organic wastes, which not only contributes to realizing circular economy type agriculture, but also can realize resource utilization. Therefore, it would be very meaningful to develop a cleaner and greener composting process, and to recover the released waste heat while achieving the degradation of solid waste into organic fertilizer.
The compost heat recovery technology can effectively treat wastes or biomass, simultaneously recover electric energy, produce high value-added products, realize cleanness, greenness, resource utilization and the like, and is one of effective means for solving the problems of energy crisis and environmental pollution. In the conventional composting system, although the effect of degrading organic wastes can be achieved, a large amount of biochemical heat is released in the process of increasing and breeding microorganisms, and part of the heat is used for high-temperature sterilization to achieve the aim of harmlessness, but excessive heat is not only harmful to the proceeding of the composting reaction, but also causes certain harm to the surrounding environmentFor example, excessive temperatures in composting systems may promote the formation of harmful substances, such as NH3Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an aerobic composting waste heat power generation system and a working method thereof, which can ensure that organic waste can be treated and simultaneously can recover heat, and solve the problem of secondary pollution caused by excessive waste heat of the traditional composting.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an aerobic composting waste heat power generation system comprises a waste collection device, a main composting reaction chamber, a waste heat power generation device and a tail gas collection device;
the periphery and the bottom of the main composting reaction chamber are formed by pouring concrete, a heat conducting cover is arranged at the top of the main composting reaction chamber, the inner space of the main composting reaction chamber comprises an upper space and a lower space, the upper space is a reactor body of waste, the lower space is a percolate collecting device, a filter screen is arranged between the upper space and the lower space, a feed inlet and an organic fertilizer discharge outlet are respectively arranged on the side wall of the upper space of the main composting reaction chamber, and the main composting reaction chamber is also connected with an aeration device for aerating the reactor body;
the waste collection device is connected with a feed inlet of the main composting reaction chamber, and the tail gas collection device is connected above the main composting reaction chamber;
the bottom of the heat conduction cover is connected with the reactor body through a heat conduction rod with excellent heat conduction performance and used for conducting heat energy inside the reactor body, and the waste heat power generation device is arranged on the upper surface of the heat conduction cover;
the waste heat power generation device is formed by connecting a plurality of semiconductor temperature difference power Generation Sheets (TEGs) in series, the purpose of the series connection is to gather generated electric energy, the semiconductor temperature difference power generation sheets generate electric energy due to temperature difference formed between the inner side and the outer side, the electric energy generated by the plurality of semiconductor temperature difference power generation sheets is transmitted to the electricity storage and supply device through a voltage stabilizing device, the semiconductor temperature difference power generation sheets adopt commercial TEGs 1-12706, the rated voltage is 12.0V, the rated current is 6.0A, and the maximum temperature difference can reach 70 ℃.
Preferably, one side of the hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation piece is attached to the outer surface of the heat conduction cover, and the surface of one side of the cold end is provided with an aluminum radiating fin with good heat radiating performance.
Preferably, the waste collecting device comprises a collecting conveyor belt, a waste crushing and stirring device and a feeding conveyor belt, the collecting conveyor belt is realized by adopting an inclined upward conveyor belt, the tail end of the collecting conveyor belt is positioned right above the waste crushing and stirring device, a discharge port of the waste crushing and stirring device is connected with one end of the feeding conveyor belt, and the other end of the feeding conveyor belt is connected with a feed port of the main composting reaction chamber and is used for conveying the uniformly mixed waste into the main composting reaction chamber.
Preferably, the bottom of the waste crushing and stirring device is provided with a collecting slope, and the collecting slope inclines towards the feeding conveyor belt, namely the lowest part of the collecting slope is positioned at one end of the feeding conveyor belt;
preferably, the inclination angle of feeding conveyer belt is 30 ~ 45, also can carry out nimble adjustment according to actual overall arrangement.
In the invention, the waste crushing and stirring device can be a vertical crushing and stirring device or a horizontal crushing and stirring device, the function of the waste crushing and stirring device is to crush larger waste to uniformly mix the waste, so that the later-stage composting reaction operation is facilitated, meanwhile, the initial physicochemical properties (such as C/N, water content, porosity and the like) of the mixed compost can be adjusted, a feeding hole is formed in the top of the waste crushing and stirring device, and a blanking hole at the tail end of the collecting conveyor belt is just positioned right above the feeding hole of the waste crushing and stirring. Therefore, after the organic solid waste to be composted is manually or mechanically sorted to remove incompletely classified plastic, metal fragments and other materials, the organic solid waste can be conveyed to a waste crushing and stirring device through a collecting conveyor belt to be crushed.
Preferably, the main composting reaction chamber is a cylinder, a plurality of pile turning and stirring devices are arranged in the upper space of the main composting reaction chamber, each pile turning and stirring device comprises a stirring shaft and a stirring blade, and the stirring blades extend into the reactor body and are driven to rotate by a motor.
Preferably, a support frame is arranged between the upper space and the lower space, the filter screen is placed on the support frame, the percolate collecting device comprises a percolate collecting tank and a percolate collecting pipe, the percolate collecting pipe is connected to the lowest part of the percolate collecting tank, and a valve is arranged on the percolate collecting pipe;
preferably, the lower bottom surface of filtration liquid collecting vat is provided with drainage radian slope, and drainage radian slope is to the bottom surface center department slope of filtration liquid collecting vat, and the filtration liquid collecting pipe sets up in this center, sees from central profile, and the radian on drainage radian slope is 15 ~ 20.
Preferably, the inner surface of the main composting reaction chamber is paved with heat-insulating waterproof materials, such as polyurethane waterproof paint, which not only can play a good role in heat preservation, but also can prevent the erosion of water and percolate in the pile body, and prolong the service life of the main composting reactor.
Preferably, the filter screen aperture is 5 ~ 10mm, and the material of filter screen and support frame is the stainless steel, and the support frame is the support body structure, and its aperture is far greater than the aperture of filter screen, and the support frame plays fine protection supporting role to the filter screen, and does not influence the filtering capability of filter screen.
Further preferably, the heat conducting cover is a stainless steel cover, and the thickness of the stainless steel cover is 5-10 mm.
Preferably, the aeration device comprises a blower and a vent pipe, the blower is connected with the vent pipe, the vent pipe is arranged between the filter screen and the liquid level of the percolate collecting tank, a plurality of ventilation openings are arranged on the vent pipe in the main composting reaction chamber at intervals along the length direction of the vent pipe, and preferably, each ventilation opening comprises a plurality of ventilation openings distributed along the circumferential direction of the vent pipe;
preferably, the material of ventilation pipe is PVC, and adjacent vent interval is 30 ~ 50mm, and the ventilation hole is 5 ~ 8 mm's diameter round hole.
Further preferred, tail gas collecting device includes the tail gas discharge pipeline, and the tail gas discharge pipeline is installed in the central point of heat conduction lid and is preferably the cuboid structure, and the material is the stainless steel, and the tail gas discharge pipeline is connected with tail gas collection processing apparatus and connects, distributes in the outside of main compost reacting chamber for the collection processing to tail gas.
Further preferred, the hot junction one side of semiconductor thermoelectric generation piece distributes in the surface of heat conduction lid upper surface and exhaust emission pipeline, is used for retrieving the conversion respectively and conducts the heat that carries with the latent heat of evaporation of heat conduction lid, and the most distribution of heat that the latent heat of evaporation carried is in the near-end of exhaust pipeline apart from the heat conduction lid, and for raising the efficiency, the semiconductor thermoelectric generation piece that distributes in the surface of exhaust emission pipeline can only distribute in this department.
Preferably, the aerobic composting waste heat power generation system further comprises a central controller, a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in the reactor body, a gas concentration sensor is arranged in a tail gas discharge pipeline above the reactor body, and the gas concentration sensor can detect various gas concentrations, such as O2、CO2、NOX、CH4And the temperature and humidity sensor, the gas concentration sensor, the feeding conveyor belt, the waste heat power generation device, the multiple turning and stirring devices and the aeration device are all connected with the central controller.
The central controller can control the feeding speed, the starting and stopping of waste heat power generation, the stirring speed of the pile turning and stirring device and the amount of aeration according to the real-time temperature fed back by the temperature and humidity sensor and the gas concentration sensor and the waste gas composition and concentration, so that the management of a composting process is realized, the pile turning and ventilation are performed regularly in the composting process, the composting is ensured to be performed under the optimal condition, and the high-efficiency reasonable utilization of energy can be realized.
Preferably, the central controller is a programmable PLC controller, the PLC controller adopts SIMMATIC PLCS7 series, the model of the temperature and humidity sensor is MIK-ST500, the model of the gas concentration sensor is WY-900A, the PLC controller is used for receiving signals of the temperature and humidity sensor and the gas concentration sensor, and simple control of a mechanical structure (such as the speed of a feeding conveyor belt, the starting and stopping of a waste heat power generation device, the stirring speeds of a plurality of pile turning and stirring devices and the aeration quantity of an aeration device) is performed.
The power storage and supply device is positioned outside the main composting reactor and used for storing electric energy converted from heat energy by the thermoelectric device and supplying power to power consumption equipment, and the power storage and supply device can supply power to the power consumption equipment (such as a motor, a blower, a temperature and humidity sensor, a gas concentration sensor and the like of the pile turning and stirring device) of the system and can also supply power to other power consumption equipment outside the system.
The general working temperature range of the reactor body is 25-75 ℃, the temperature and the humidity of the reactor body can be monitored in real time through a temperature and humidity sensor, the temperature of the reactor body is usually required to be controlled not to be too low in order to avoid influence on composting reaction and ensure normal operation of a heat energy recovery power generation system, and if the temperature is too low, a plurality of measures are required to be taken, such as properly accelerating the stirring speed of a pile turning stirring device, increasing the feeding amount and the like.
When the average temperature of the reactor body is 40-55 ℃, the electricity generation efficiency is about 8-10%, and the higher the temperature is, the higher the electricity generation efficiency is.
The working method of the aerobic composting waste heat power generation system comprises the following steps:
(1) after sorting and removing impurities, conveying the organic wastes to a main composting reaction chamber through a waste collection device, setting a proper feeding flow required by composting reaction according to the weight of a reactor body, wherein the proper feeding flow is preferably (2.0-3.0) L/(min kg dry weight), ventilating through an aeration device, and starting composting reaction;
(2) in the composting reaction process, firstly, organic waste in the main composting reaction chamber begins to release a large amount of heat due to metabolism of microorganisms under aerobic conditions, on one hand, the heat raises the temperature of the heat conducting cover through the heat conducting rod, and the inside and the outside of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheet arranged on the upper surface of the heat conducting rod generate temperature difference so as to generate electric energy;
on the other hand, the high temperature raises the temperature of the water vapor flowing through, so that the temperature difference is generated between the inside and the outside of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheet arranged on the outer surface of the tail gas discharge pipeline, and further electric energy is generated, and the electric energy generated by the two parts is transmitted and stored in the electricity storage and supply device through the conducting wire;
(3) in the composting reaction process, the temperature and the humidity of a reactor body and the oxygen concentration in tail gas are respectively detected in real time through a temperature and humidity sensor and a gas concentration sensor, and after the temperature and the oxygen concentration of the reactor body reach the minimum limit of the temperature required by the composting reaction, a central controller controls the speed of a feeding conveyor belt, the stirring speed of a pile turning stirring device and the aeration amount of an aeration device, so that the reactor body and the heat recovery conversion are continuously carried out, and the clean, nontoxic and harmless effects of the compost are ensured;
(4) in the composting reaction process, regularly sampling from an organic fertilizer discharge port and testing the properties of the organic fertilizer, testing the water content, the volume weight and the phytotoxicity, and analyzing and evaluating the composting process and the composting effect, wherein the specific testing and analyzing process can be carried out by referring to ' organic fertilizer Standard of the people's republic of China (NY 525-2012) ', and is not repeated herein;
(5) the waste gas generated in the composting reaction process is transmitted into a tail gas collecting and treating device through a tail gas discharge pipeline to be subjected to harmless treatment and then discharged into the atmosphere, and the tail gas treating device can flexibly select the existing device according to the components of the tail gas without influencing the implementation of the invention;
(6) leachate generated in the composting reaction process is drained to a leachate collecting tank through a drainage radian slope after being filtered by a filter screen.
In the present invention, the details are not described in detail, and the present invention can be carried out by using the prior art.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the waste crushing and stirring device can crush, stir, mix and pretreat various organic wastes, is more beneficial to the smooth proceeding of heat transfer and mass transfer (oxygen, moisture and the like) processes of compost, treats percolate and waste gas generated in the composting reaction process, prevents the pollution of the surrounding environment, and can be used as organic fertilizer for organic ecological agriculture or as soil conditioner for improving soil after composting, thereby really realizing the harmlessness, reduction and reclamation of waste treatment.
2) The invention adopts compost heat recovery to generate electricity, is beneficial to harmless treatment of organic waste resources, and the electricity generation quantity can be determined according to the scale of the main compost reaction chamber, thereby not only being used by self equipment, but also being used by other equipment due to redundant electric energy, and relieving the energy crisis while treating pollution.
3) The temperature and humidity sensor and the gas concentration sensor are arranged in the main composting reaction chamber, so that the temperature and the waste gas concentration in the composting room can be monitored in real time, the waste heat power generation device and the pile turning and stirring device are controlled to be started and closed, the composting process is managed, the piles are turned and ventilated regularly in the composting process, the composting is guaranteed to be carried out under the optimal condition, and efficient and reasonable utilization of energy can be realized.
The aerobic composting waste heat power generation system can be applied to treatment of large-scale organic wastes, has high automation degree, simple operation and long service life of the reactor, can fully realize deep reclamation of wastes, saves the operation cost, adopts the thermoelectric conversion device to recover and convert the waste heat in the composting process to convert the heat energy into electric energy, meets the power supply of power supply equipment of the composting system on one hand, and can store the redundant electric energy to supply the requirements of other power consumption equipment on the other hand, realizes the control of the deep reclamation of the composting process, and subsequently adopts a series of treatment methods to prevent percolate and tail gas from polluting the surrounding environment, has simple and convenient operation, is an environment-friendly waste treatment device suitable for large-scale popularization and use, and particularly is organic solid wastes (livestock and poultry manure, agricultural production wastes and the like). The method is simple to operate and low in cost, can be widely applied to treatment of wastes such as excrement and domestic garbage in the breeding industry, can recover heat from organic wastes while treating the organic wastes, and solves the problem of secondary pollution caused by excessive waste heat of the traditional compost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an aerobic composting waste heat power generation system of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of semiconductor thermoelectric power generation elements connected in series according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the central controller according to the present invention;
the device comprises a main composting reaction chamber 1, a heat conducting cover 2, a filter screen 3, a feed inlet 4, an organic fertilizer discharge port 5, a heat conducting rod 6, a collection conveyor belt 7, a waste crushing and stirring device 8, a feed conveyor belt 9, a collection slope 10, a pile turning and stirring device 11, a percolate collection tank 12, a percolate collection pipe 13, a valve 14, a drainage arc slope 15, a blower 16, a ventilation pipe 17, a tail gas discharge pipeline 18, a tail gas collection and treatment device 19, a central controller 20, a temperature and humidity sensor 21, a gas concentration sensor 22 and an electricity storage and supply device 23.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, but not limited thereto, and the present invention is not described in detail and is in accordance with the conventional techniques in the art.
Example 1:
an aerobic composting waste heat power generation system is shown in figure 1 and comprises a waste collection device, a main composting reaction chamber 1, a waste heat power generation device and a tail gas collection device;
the periphery and the bottom of a main composting reaction chamber 1 are formed by pouring concrete, a heat conducting cover 2 is arranged at the top of the main composting reaction chamber 1, the inner space of the main composting reaction chamber 1 comprises an upper space and a lower space, the upper space is a reactor body of waste, the lower space is a percolate collecting device, a filter screen 3 is arranged between the upper space and the lower space, a feed inlet 4 and an organic fertilizer discharge outlet 5 are respectively arranged on the side wall of the upper space of the main composting reaction chamber 1, and the main composting reaction chamber 1 is also connected with an aeration device for aerating the reactor body;
the waste collecting device is connected with a feed inlet 4 of the main composting reaction chamber 1, and a tail gas collecting device is connected above the main composting reaction chamber 1;
the bottom of the heat conducting cover 2 is connected with the reactor body through a heat conducting rod 6 with excellent heat conducting performance and used for conducting heat energy inside the reactor body, and a waste heat power generation device is arranged on the upper surface of the heat conducting cover 2;
the waste heat power generation device is formed by connecting a plurality of semiconductor Thermoelectric Generation Sheets (TEGs) in series, the purpose of the series connection is to collect generated electric energy, the semiconductor Thermoelectric generation sheets generate electric energy due to temperature difference formed between the inner side and the outer side, the electric energy generated by the plurality of semiconductor Thermoelectric generation sheets is transmitted to the electricity storage and supply device 23 through a voltage stabilizing device, as shown in fig. 2, two conducting wires are led out from the plurality of semiconductor Thermoelectric generation sheets connected in series to be connected with the electricity storage and supply device 23, the semiconductor Thermoelectric generation sheets adopt commercial TEGs 1-12706, the rated voltage is 12.0V, the rated current is 6.0A, and the maximum temperature difference can reach 70 ℃.
Example 2:
the utility model provides an aerobic composting waste heat power generation system, its structure is shown as embodiment 1, and the difference is that the hot junction one side of semiconductor thermoelectric generation piece pastes the surface of heat conduction lid 2, and cold junction one side surface mounting has the better aluminium fin of heat dispersion to guarantee the temperature difference of thermoelectric generation piece both sides.
Example 3:
an aerobic composting waste heat power generation system is shown in embodiment 1, and is different from the aerobic composting waste heat power generation system in that a waste collection device comprises a collection conveyor belt 7, a waste crushing and stirring device 8 and a feeding conveyor belt 9, wherein the collection conveyor belt 7 is realized by adopting an upward inclined conveyor belt, the tail end of the collection conveyor belt is positioned right above the waste crushing and stirring device 8, a discharge port of the waste crushing and stirring device 8 is connected with one end of the feeding conveyor belt 9, and the other end of the feeding conveyor belt 9 is connected with a feed port 4 of a main composting reaction chamber 1 and is used for conveying uniformly mixed waste into the main composting reaction chamber 1;
the bottom of the waste crushing and stirring device 8 is provided with a collecting slope 10, the collecting slope 10 inclines towards the feeding conveyor belt 9, namely, the lowest position of the collecting slope 10 is positioned at one end of the feeding conveyor belt 9;
the inclination angle of the feeding conveyor belt 9 is 30-45 degrees, and flexible adjustment can be performed according to actual layout.
In this embodiment, broken agitating unit of discarded object 8 is vertical broken agitating unit, and its effect is that the great discarded object of breakage makes it misce bene, and the later stage compost reaction of being convenient for is operated, and adjustable mixing windrow's initial physicochemical property (such as C/N, moisture content, porosity etc.) simultaneously, and the feed inlet is seted up at its top, and the blanking mouth of collecting the conveyer belt end just is located directly over the feed inlet of discarded object agitating unit. Therefore, after the organic solid waste to be composted is manually or mechanically sorted to remove incompletely classified plastic, metal fragments and other materials, the organic solid waste can be conveyed to a waste stirring device through a collecting conveyor belt to be crushed.
Example 4:
the structure of the aerobic composting waste heat power generation system is as shown in embodiment 1, and is different from that, a main composting reaction chamber 1 is a cylinder, a plurality of pile turning stirring devices 11 are arranged in the upper space of the main composting reaction chamber 1, each pile turning stirring device 11 comprises a stirring shaft and a stirring blade, and the stirring blade extends into the reactor body and is driven to rotate by a motor.
Example 5:
the structure of the aerobic compost waste heat power generation system is as shown in embodiment 1, and is different in that a support frame is arranged between an upper space and a lower space, a filter screen 3 is placed on the support frame, a percolate collecting device comprises a percolate collecting tank 12 and a percolate collecting pipe 13, the percolate collecting pipe 13 is connected to the lowest part of the percolate collecting tank 11, and a valve 14 is arranged on the percolate collecting pipe 13;
a drainage arc slope 15 is arranged on the lower bottom surface of the leachate collecting tank 12, the drainage arc slope 15 inclines towards the center of the bottom surface of the leachate collecting tank 12, a leachate collecting pipe 13 is arranged at the center, and the radian of the drainage arc slope is 15-20 degrees when seen from a central section view;
polyurethane waterproof paint is laid on the inner surface of the main composting reaction chamber 1, so that the heat preservation effect is good, the erosion of water and percolate in a pile body can be prevented, and the service life of the main composting reactor is prolonged.
The aperture of the filter screen 3 is 5-10 mm, the filter screen 3 and the support frame are both made of stainless steel, the support frame is of a frame body structure, the aperture of the support frame is far larger than that of the filter screen, the support frame plays a good role in protecting and supporting the filter screen, and the filtering function of the filter screen is not influenced;
the heat conducting cover 2 is a stainless steel cover, and the thickness of the stainless steel cover is 5-10 mm.
Example 6:
an aerobic composting waste heat power generation system is shown as an embodiment 1, and is different from the structure that an aeration device comprises a blower 16 and a vent pipe 17, wherein the blower 16 is connected with the vent pipe 17, the vent pipe 17 is arranged between a filter screen 3 and the liquid level of a percolate collecting tank, a plurality of ventilation openings are arranged on the vent pipe 17 in a main composting reaction chamber at intervals along the length direction of the vent pipe, and preferably, each ventilation opening comprises a plurality of ventilation openings distributed along the circumferential direction of the vent pipe;
the material of ventilation pipe 17 is PVC, and adjacent vent interval is 30 ~ 50mm, and the ventilation hole is the round hole that the diameter is 5 ~ 8 mm.
Example 7:
the utility model provides an electricity system is produced to good oxygen compost waste heat, its structure is shown as embodiment 1, and the difference is that tail gas collection device includes tail gas discharge pipe 18, and tail gas discharge pipe 18 is installed in the central point of heat conduction lid 2 and is preferred the cuboid structure, and the material is the stainless steel, and tail gas discharge pipe 18 is connected with tail gas collection processing apparatus 19 and connects, distributes in the outside of main compost reacting chamber for the collection processing to tail gas.
Example 8:
the utility model provides an aerobic composting waste heat power generation system, its structure is as shown in embodiment 1, the difference is that the hot junction one side of semiconductor thermoelectric generation piece distributes in 2 upper surfaces of heat conduction lid and the surface of tail gas discharge pipeline 8, be used for retrieving respectively that the conversion conducts the heat conduction lid with the heat that the evaporation latent heat carried, the heat that the evaporation latent heat carried most distributes in the near-end of tail gas pipeline apart from heat conduction lid, for raising the efficiency, the semiconductor thermoelectric generation piece that distributes in the surface of tail gas discharge pipeline can only distribute in this department.
Example 9:
the structure of an aerobic compost waste heat power generation system is shown in embodiment 1, and the difference is that the aerobic compost waste heat power generation system further comprises a central controller 20, a temperature and humidity sensor 21 is arranged in a reactor body, a gas concentration sensor 22 is arranged in a tail gas discharge pipeline above the reactor body, and the gas concentration sensor can be used for simultaneously generating power by using waste heat of aerobic compostDetecting concentrations of gases, e.g. O2、CO2、NOX、CH4The temperature and humidity sensor 21, the gas concentration sensor 22, the feeding conveyor belt 9, the waste heat power generation device, the multiple turning and stirring devices 11 and the aeration device are all connected with the central controller 20, as shown in fig. 3;
the central controller 20 can control the feeding speed, the starting and stopping of the waste heat power generation, the stirring speed of the pile turning and stirring device and the amount of aeration according to the real-time temperature and the waste gas components and the concentration fed back by the temperature and humidity sensor 21 and the gas concentration sensor 22, so that the management of the composting process is realized, the pile turning and the ventilation are performed regularly in the composting process, the composting is ensured to be performed under the optimal condition, and the high-efficiency reasonable utilization of energy can be realized.
The central controller is a programmable PLC controller, the PLC controller adopts SIMMATIC PLCS7 series, the model of the temperature and humidity sensor is MIK-ST500, and the model of the gas concentration sensor is WY-900A.
Example 10:
a working method of an aerobic composting waste heat power generation system comprises the following steps:
(1) after sorting and removing impurities, conveying the organic wastes into a main composting reaction chamber 1 through a waste collection device, setting a proper feeding flow required by composting reaction according to the weight of a reactor body, wherein the proper feeding flow is preferably (2.0-3.0) L/(min kg dry weight), ventilating through an aeration device, and starting composting reaction;
(2) in the composting reaction process, firstly, organic waste in the main composting reaction chamber 1 begins to release a large amount of heat due to metabolism of microorganisms under aerobic conditions, on one hand, the heat raises the temperature of the heat conducting cover through the heat conducting rod, and the inside and the outside of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheet arranged on the upper surface of the heat conducting rod generate temperature difference so as to generate electric energy;
on the other hand, the high temperature raises the temperature of the water vapor flowing through, so that the temperature difference is generated between the inside and the outside of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheet arranged on the outer surface of the tail gas discharge pipeline, and further electric energy is generated, and the electric energy generated by the two parts is transmitted and stored in the electricity storage and supply device 23 through a lead;
(3) in the composting reaction process, the temperature and the humidity of a reactor body and the oxygen concentration in tail gas are respectively detected in real time through a temperature and humidity sensor 21 and a gas concentration sensor 22, and after the temperature and the oxygen concentration of the reactor body reach the minimum limit of the temperature required by the composting reaction, a central controller controls the speed of a feeding conveyer belt, the stirring speed of a pile turning stirring device and the aeration amount of an aeration device, so that the reactor body and heat recovery conversion are continuously carried out, and the clean, non-toxic and harmless effects of the compost are ensured;
(4) in the composting reaction process, regularly sampling from an organic fertilizer discharge port and testing the properties of the organic fertilizer, testing the water content, the volume weight and the phytotoxicity, and analyzing and evaluating the composting process and the composting effect, wherein the specific testing and analyzing process can be carried out by referring to ' organic fertilizer Standard of the people's republic of China (NY 525-2012) ', and is not repeated herein;
(5) the waste gas generated in the composting reaction process is transmitted to a tail gas collecting and treating device 19 through a tail gas discharge pipeline 18 to be subjected to harmless treatment and then discharged into the atmosphere, and the tail gas treating device 19 can flexibly select the existing device according to the components of the tail gas without influencing the implementation of the invention;
(6) leachate generated in the composting reaction process is drained to a leachate collecting tank 12 through a drainage radian slope 15 after being filtered by a filter screen 3.
Example 11:
the utility model provides an aerobic composting waste heat power generation system, adopt pig manure and wheat straw as organic waste in this embodiment, the carbon-nitrogen ratio C/N of adjusting mixed back organic waste is 25, the moisture content is 65%, 1 top of main composting reaction chamber adopts the stainless steel lid that thermal conductivity is good as the heat conduction lid, heat conduction lid thickness is 5mm, be connected through the heat conduction stick between the bottom of heat conduction lid and the reactor body, be used for the heat energy of conduction reactor internal portion, tail gas collection device is connected to the top central point position of main composting reaction chamber.
And a waste heat power generation device is arranged on the upper surface of the heat conducting cover 2 of the main composting reaction chamber and the outer surface of the tail gas discharge pipeline 18. In the composting process, under the condition of ventilation and aeration, the flow rate is 2.0-3.0L/(min kg dry weight), microorganisms rapidly grow, reproduce and degrade organic matters in waste, a large amount of heat is released to increase the temperature of the compost, and the temperature change of the compost can be monitored and recorded in real time through the temperature and humidity sensor 21.
The principle of the installed waste heat power generation device is that the temperature difference between the two sides of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheets can cause the internal electrons to move to form current and generate voltage, in the example, 250 thermoelectric generators are respectively installed on the surfaces of the heat conduction cover 2 and the tail gas exhaust pipeline 18, and the coverage area is about 2m each2The semiconductor thermoelectric generation chip adopts commercial TEG 1-12706. The heat of the pile body can be diffused and conducted after being accumulated continuously, and the heat is mainly diffused in the following 2 aspects because the concrete building is adopted around the main composting reaction chamber 1 and the heat-insulating waterproof material is coated on the periphery of the main composting reaction chamber: firstly, the temperature of a heat conduction cover at the top is increased through the conduction of a heat conduction rod, so that the temperature of one side, close to a stack body, of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheet is increased; and secondly, the temperature of one side of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheet on the outer surface of the tail gas discharge pipeline is increased by carrying the tail gas in a high-temperature steam mode. In order to ensure the temperature difference of two sides of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation piece, the aluminum cooling fin with good heat dissipation performance is arranged on the other side of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation piece, so that the temperature difference of two sides of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation piece is powerfully ensured under the condition of natural convection of air, further the smooth thermoelectric conversion is ensured, and other energy consumption (such as additional arrangement of a cold water pipeline, a refrigerator and the like) is not needed.
Along with the operation of the composting reaction, the electric energy continuously converted from the heat is firstly transmitted to a waste heat power generation device through a lead to be stored, the generated current is mainly direct current, and then the current can be directly connected with a direct current load or is converted into alternating current through an inverter and then is connected with an alternating current belt load according to the requirement.
In the embodiment, the maximum temperature of the pile body is 72.5 ℃, the average temperature is 50.6 ℃, the average temperature of the air environment is 21.5 ℃, the average temperature difference value of two sides of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheet is about 29.1 ℃, and the output voltage of the whole compost waste heat power generation system is 63.6-114.2V. The generated electric energy can be stably output to be used by the power consumption equipment of the whole composting device after being stored by the electricity storage and supply device 23 (such as a storage battery), and meanwhile, the redundant electric quantity can also be used for lighting in a plant area and other electricity utilization.
A temperature and humidity sensor 21 is arranged in the reactor body, a gas concentration sensor 22 is arranged in the tail gas discharge pipeline 18 above the reactor body, the temperature and humidity of the reactor body and the tail gas composition and concentration conditions can be monitored and recorded in real time and transmitted to the central controller 20, so that the operation parameters of the compost can be automatically regulated and controlled (the process control can be manually carried out).
In this embodiment, the optimum temperature that can set up the heap body temperature is 45 ℃ (both can guarantee the innocent treatment of discarded object compost, can guarantee waste heat power generation facility normal operating again). In the operation process, after the temperature of the compost is lower than the limit value, the operation parameters can be regulated and controlled through temperature data transmitted by temperature and humidity and data transmitted by a gas concentration sensor, such as increasing or reducing the feeding speed of a feeding conveyor belt, opening or closing a pile turning and stirring device, regulating the blast flow rate of an aeration device and the like, so as to ensure the normal operation of the compost.
All organic fertilizer standards for regularly monitoring discharge hole samples in the embodiment all meet organic fertilizer standard of people's republic of China (NY 525-2012).
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An aerobic composting waste heat power generation system is characterized by comprising a waste collection device, a main composting reaction chamber, a waste heat power generation device and a tail gas collection device;
the periphery and the bottom of the main composting reaction chamber are formed by pouring concrete, a heat conducting cover is arranged at the top of the main composting reaction chamber, the inner space of the main composting reaction chamber comprises an upper space and a lower space, the upper space is a reactor body of waste, the lower space is a percolate collecting device, a filter screen is arranged between the upper space and the lower space, a feed inlet and an organic fertilizer discharge outlet are respectively arranged on the side wall of the upper space of the main composting reaction chamber, and the main composting reaction chamber is also connected with an aeration device for aerating the reactor body;
the waste collection device is connected with a feed inlet of the main composting reaction chamber, and the tail gas collection device is connected above the main composting reaction chamber;
the bottom of the heat conduction cover is connected with the reactor body through a heat conduction rod, the upper surface of the heat conduction cover is provided with the waste heat power generation device, the waste heat power generation device is formed by connecting a plurality of semiconductor temperature difference power generation sheets in series, and electric energy generated by the plurality of semiconductor temperature difference power generation sheets is transmitted to the power storage and supply device.
2. The aerobic composting waste heat power generation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hot end side of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation piece is attached to the outer surface of the heat conducting cover, and the aluminum cooling fin is installed on the surface of the cold end side.
3. The aerobic compost waste heat power generation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waste collection device comprises a collection conveyor belt, a waste crushing and stirring device and a feeding conveyor belt, the tail end of the collection conveyor belt is positioned right above the waste crushing and stirring device, the discharge port of the waste crushing and stirring device is connected with one end of the feeding conveyor belt, and the other end of the feeding conveyor belt is connected with the feeding port of the main compost reaction chamber;
preferably, the bottom of the waste crushing and stirring device is provided with a collecting slope, and the collecting slope inclines towards the feeding conveyor belt, namely the lowest part of the collecting slope is positioned at one end of the feeding conveyor belt;
preferably, the inclination angle of the feeding conveyor belt is 30-45 degrees.
4. The aerobic compost waste heat power generation system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the main compost reaction chamber is a cylinder, a plurality of turning stirring devices are arranged in the upper space of the main compost reaction chamber, each turning stirring device comprises a stirring shaft and a stirring blade, and the stirring blade extends into the reactor body and is driven to rotate by a motor.
5. The aerobic compost waste heat power generation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a support frame is arranged between the upper space and the lower space, a filter screen is placed on the support frame, the leachate collecting device comprises a leachate collecting tank and a leachate collecting pipe, the leachate collecting pipe is connected to the lowest part of the leachate collecting tank, and a valve is arranged on the leachate collecting pipe;
preferably, the lower bottom surface of the percolate collecting tank is provided with a drainage radian slope, the drainage radian slope inclines towards the center of the bottom surface of the percolate collecting tank, and the percolate collecting pipe is arranged in the center;
preferably, the aperture of the filter screen is 5-10 mm, and the filter screen and the support frame are made of stainless steel;
preferably, the heat conducting cover is a stainless steel cover, and the thickness of the stainless steel cover is 5-10 mm.
6. An aerobic composting waste heat power generation system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the aeration device comprises a blower and a vent pipe, the blower is connected with the vent pipe, the vent pipe is arranged between the filter screen and the liquid level of the percolate collecting tank, a plurality of ventilation openings are arranged on the vent pipe in the main composting reaction chamber at intervals along the length direction of the vent pipe, and preferably each ventilation opening comprises a plurality of ventilation openings distributed along the circumferential direction of the vent pipe;
preferably, the material of ventilation pipe is PVC, and adjacent vent interval is 30 ~ 50mm, and the ventilation hole is 5 ~ 8 mm's of diameter round hole.
7. The aerobic compost waste heat power generation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tail gas collecting device comprises a tail gas discharge pipeline, the tail gas discharge pipeline is arranged at the central position of the heat conducting cover and is made of stainless steel, and the tail gas discharge pipeline is connected with a tail gas collecting and processing device for collecting and processing tail gas;
preferably, hot junction one side of semiconductor thermoelectric generation piece distributes in the surface of heat conduction lid upper surface and exhaust emission pipeline, is used for retrieving the conversion respectively and conducts the heat that carries with the evaporation latent heat of heat conduction lid, and cold junction one side surface mounting has the better aluminium fin of heat dispersion to guarantee the temperature difference of thermoelectric generation piece both sides.
8. The aerobic compost waste heat power generation system as claimed in claim 6, further comprising a central controller, wherein a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in the reactor body, a gas concentration sensor is arranged in a tail gas discharge pipeline above the reactor body, and the temperature and humidity sensor, the gas concentration sensor, the feeding conveyor belt, the waste heat power generation device, the plurality of pile turning and stirring devices and the aeration device are all connected with the central controller.
9. The aerobic compost waste heat power generation system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the central controller is a PLC controller, the PLC controller adopts SIMMATIC PLCS7 series, the temperature and humidity sensor is MIK-ST500, and the gas concentration sensor is WY-900A.
10. The working method of the aerobic composting waste heat power generation system of claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after sorting and removing impurities, conveying the organic wastes into a main composting reaction chamber through a waste collection device, setting feeding flow according to the weight of a reactor body, ventilating through an aeration device, and starting composting;
(2) in the composting reaction process, firstly, organic waste in the main composting reaction chamber begins to release a large amount of heat due to metabolism of microorganisms under aerobic conditions, on one hand, the heat raises the temperature of the heat conducting cover through the heat conducting rod, and the inside and the outside of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheet arranged on the upper surface of the heat conducting rod generate temperature difference so as to generate electric energy;
on the other hand, the high temperature raises the temperature of the water vapor flowing through, so that the temperature difference is generated between the inside and the outside of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation sheet arranged on the outer surface of the tail gas discharge pipeline, and further electric energy is generated, and the electric energy generated by the two parts is transmitted and stored in the electricity storage and supply device through the conducting wire;
(3) in the composting reaction process, the temperature and the humidity of a reactor body and the oxygen concentration in tail gas are respectively detected in real time through a temperature and humidity sensor and a gas concentration sensor, and after the temperature and the oxygen concentration of the reactor body reach the minimum limit of the temperature required by the composting reaction, a central controller controls the speed of a feeding conveyor belt, the stirring speed of a pile turning stirring device and the aeration amount of an aeration device, so that the reactor body and the heat recovery conversion are continuously carried out, and the clean, nontoxic and harmless effects of the compost are ensured;
(4) in the composting reaction process, regularly sampling from an organic fertilizer discharge port and testing the properties of the organic fertilizer, and testing the water content, the volume weight and the phytotoxicity for analyzing and evaluating the composting process and the composting effect;
(5) the waste gas generated in the composting reaction process is transmitted to a tail gas collecting and treating device through a tail gas discharge pipeline for harmless treatment and then is discharged into the atmosphere;
(6) leachate generated in the composting reaction process is drained to a leachate collecting tank through a drainage radian slope after being filtered by a filter screen.
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