CN111393203B - Static composting heat recycling system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste - Google Patents
Static composting heat recycling system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN111393203B CN111393203B CN202010318337.2A CN202010318337A CN111393203B CN 111393203 B CN111393203 B CN 111393203B CN 202010318337 A CN202010318337 A CN 202010318337A CN 111393203 B CN111393203 B CN 111393203B
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- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
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- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 97
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 36
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 14
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/18—Greenhouses for treating plants with carbon dioxide or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/0047—Air-conditioning, e.g. ventilation, of animal housings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K31/00—Housing birds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D7/00—Fertilisers producing carbon dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
- F28D21/0014—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from waste air or from vapors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0035—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for domestic or space heating, e.g. heating radiators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
A static compost heat recycling system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste belongs to the technical field of agricultural and forestry organic solid waste resource utilization. The utility model solves the problems that the existing agriculture and forestry organic solid waste compost has low heat recovery and utilization efficiency and can not realize static composting. The below in fermentation storehouse is provided with the filtration fluid reservoir, and bottom ventilation space and filtration fluid reservoir pass through the pipeline intercommunication, sprinkler has been arranged to the top of fermentation indoor material heap, link to each other with the return air pipe through the blast pipe between fermentation storehouse and the dividing wall formula heat exchanger, circulation fan has been arranged on the return air pipe, the air-out end of return air pipe is located bottom ventilation space, still the intercommunication is provided with the fresh air tuber pipe on the return air pipe between dividing wall formula heat exchanger and the circulation fan, link to each other through the pipeline between dividing wall formula heat exchanger and the heat utilization system, form confined liquid or gas flow loop. The method and the device can realize the maximum recycling of the latent heat and the sensible heat generated in the fermentation process while obtaining the organic fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a static composting heat recycling system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural and forestry organic solid waste resource utilization.
Background
Common agricultural and forestry solid wastes include straw, stubble, weeds, fallen leaves, rhizomes, fruit shells, vines, branches, waste bamboo, dreg, cake pulp, wood chips, livestock manure and the like. Many agricultural and forestry solid wastes contain a large amount of organic substances, such as cellulose, lignin, inorganic salts and other precious substance resources, and have higher energy density. Therefore, it can be said that the agricultural and forestry organic solid waste is a renewable biomass resource with higher utilization value. The recipe is favorable and the recipe is harmful. Although the utilization rate of agricultural and forestry organic solid waste in China is gradually improved, the waste amount is still larger. Taking straw and livestock manure as an example, the annual output of the two is about 10 hundred million tons and 40 hundred million tons, the comprehensive utilization rate is about 80 percent and 60 percent respectively [ Jiang Huaijin, su Youjian ], the comprehensive utilization of straw resources is ascertained [ J ]. Modern agriculture technology, 2018 (17): 173-174 ] [ Dan Zuliang, wang Fei, wang Jiuchen, li Xiang, sun Renhua, song army ]. Chinese crop straw resource utilization characteristics, technical mode and development suggestion [ J ]. Chinese agriculture technology guide, 2019,21 (05): 8-16 ]. The rest of huge waste which cannot be effectively treated or utilized forms a pollution surface source for ecological environment elements such as air, soil, water body and the like, and is also a huge waste of resource energy.
Composting treatment by utilizing organic solid wastes such as straw, excrement and the like is an old technology, and has been in China for more than two thousands of years. Composting refers to a biochemical process for promoting the conversion of biodegradable organic matters into stable humus under aerobic conditions by utilizing the synergistic effect of microorganisms widely distributed in the nature or artificially adding high-efficiency composite microbial agents and manually adjusting and controlling. The produced natural organic fertilizer has rich and stable nutrient substances, long fertilizer efficiency and contribution to promoting the formation of soil solid particles, and can improve the soil property of poor physicochemical property caused by using a large amount of chemical fertilizer for a long time and improve the quality of agricultural products; CO generated during composting 2 Can be used as an air fertilizer to be directly applied to crops planted in a greenhouse. However, the heat generated by composting fermentation has not been sufficiently appreciated and utilized. And in the degradation process of organic matters in the compost materials under the action of microorganisms, a large amount of heat is released.The energy released by combustion and biological oxidation reactions of the same mass of organic matter is the same according to the law of conservation of energy. The research shows that the heat generated by the organic solid waste compost is about 1/2-2/3 of the heat value during combustion, and the highest temperature in the reactor can reach more than 70 ℃. Heating of northern buildings or facility agriculture (greenhouse, livestock shed and the like) in winter can be completely realized by low-grade energy such as compost heat production. In 2017, the heating energy consumption of northern towns in China is 2.01 hundred million tons of standard coal. The winter heating of northern farmhouses and facility agriculture mainly uses coal, and has high cost, low energy effective utilization rate and great environmental pollution. With the rapid development of the economic society in China, the commodity energy consumption is more and more large in proportion in the production and life of vast rural areas. If the energy contained in the wasted organic solid waste can be used for supplementing the heat required by heating in winter in the north or replacing fossil fuel, huge economic benefit, environmental benefit and ecological benefit can be generated.
At present, the cost for mechanically applying chemical fertilizers on a large scale is low and the efficiency is high. In contrast, one of the disadvantages of conventional composting techniques is the poor economics, which results in less and less applications. For example, to ensure fertilizer quality, it is necessary to "turn" the material manually or mechanically, dissipate heat to ensure proper operating temperature of the microorganisms and maintain the necessary oxygen concentration, expend manpower and material resources, and the heat is not recovered.
Composting belongs to an aerobic solid state fermentation process, and heat generated by microorganisms in the activity process is actually in the form of sensible heat and latent heat. The absolute temperature of the pile body is increased, namely the sensible heat release is reflected in the fermentation process; during composting, the heat contained in the water vapor, which is generated by the phase change of the liquid water by absorbing heat, is called latent heat. It is well known that the latent heat of vaporization of water is very large, and that of liquid water at the same temperature under normal pressure is about 539.9-598.3 times its average sensible heat. It is estimated that the latent heat in compost heat production is about 60% -80% or even higher. In the prior art, the heat utilization generated by composting has defects, namely, the utilization rate is low.
The utility model patent with the application number of CN2018105522792.2 discloses a greenhouse utilizing compost to supply heat, but the greenhouse cannot recover latent heat in the fermentation process, so that a large amount of heat is wasted, and the greenhouse is not adjustable; in addition, the mode is limited to heat supply for the greenhouse, and the application range is narrow. The solid waste of agriculture and forestry in China has huge output, the heat which can be consumed by the greenhouse is limited, and the application range of the heat production mode should be expanded as much as possible, for example, heat is supplied to a central heating system of towns for heating farmhouses and building central heating stations. The utility model patent with the application number of CN200420107806.2 discloses a heat recovery fermentation bin, belongs to the technical field of household garbage, and mainly treats the household garbage and is non-agriculture and forestry organic solid waste; and this technique has a problem in that the use of latent heat is not explicitly mentioned; condensate recovery is not mentioned; only for heating up the new stack; the control means is rough. The utility model patent with the application number of CN201510008308 discloses a device for heating and recovering carbon dioxide by utilizing fermented compost, and the problem of the technology of the patent is that latent heat is not recycled; a compost generation gas removal function is provided, which causes loss of latent heat and sensible heat; the whole device is fixed, the disassembly and the assembly are inconvenient, and the planting area can be occupied when the greenhouse is planted in summer; the recommended carbon-nitrogen ratio is 50-70:1; the fertilizer is inconvenient to transport out of the fermentation bin; manual turning of the stack may be required. The utility model patent with the application number of CN201810414131 discloses a fermentation tank waste heat recycling device, and the problem of the technology of the patent is that the technology mainly aims at the utilization of hot gas generated after animal manure in pasture is fermented, and the fermentation tank is connected with a gas-water heat exchange device in a closed loop, so that aerobic fermentation in the fermentation tank is not easy to realize, and the technology cannot be directly applied to fermentation of agriculture and forestry organic solid waste; the regulation and control mode of the fermentation temperature is not recorded, and the like, and the uniform ventilation of the interior of the material pile can be ensured, so that the pile can be turned manually, and static composting can not be realized. The patent application No. CN201410763310 discloses a livestock house design using fermentation heat for heating, and the technology of the patent is characterized in that a fermentation chamber is arranged below the livestock house and conducts heat through a heat conducting plate, so that the heat utilization efficiency is extremely low, and latent heat and sensible heat are dissipated due to unsealing; and is only used for heating the livestock houses.
In summary, the prior art does not explicitly mention or describe the effective recovery of latent heat from composting, and the importance of latent heat from composting is not explicitly realized. Therefore, the utilization of heat generated in the composting process must be compatible with both latent heat and sensible heat to obtain the highest efficiency and the best economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the problems that the existing agricultural and forestry organic solid waste composting heat recovery and utilization efficiency is low and static composting cannot be realized, and further provides a system for recycling the agricultural and forestry organic solid waste static composting heat.
The technical scheme adopted by the utility model for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a static composting heat recycling system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste comprises a fermentation bin and a dividing wall type heat exchanger, wherein a fermentation chamber is arranged in the fermentation bin, a supporting piece is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation chamber, a bottom ventilation space is formed between the supporting piece and the bottom surface of the fermentation chamber, a material pile is arranged on the supporting piece, a percolation liquid tank is arranged below the fermentation bin, the bottom ventilation space is communicated with the percolation liquid tank through a pipeline, a spraying device is arranged above the material pile in the fermentation chamber, the fermentation bin is connected with the dividing wall type heat exchanger through an air supply pipe to form a closed gas flow loop, a circulating fan is arranged on the air return pipe, the air outlet end of the air return pipe is positioned in the bottom ventilation space, a fresh air pipe is further communicated with the air return pipe between the dividing wall type heat exchanger and the circulating fan, one end of the fresh air pipe is communicated with the external space, a fresh air valve is arranged on the fresh air pipe, and the partition wall type heat exchanger is connected with a heat utilization system through a pipeline to form a closed liquid or gas flow loop.
Further, an exhaust pipe is communicated with the return air pipe between the circulating fan and the fermentation bin, one end of the exhaust pipe is communicated with the external space, and an exhaust valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe.
Further, a heat storage device is arranged in parallel between the dividing wall type heat exchanger and the heat utilization system, and valves are arranged on closed loop pipelines between the heat storage device and the dividing wall type heat exchanger and between the heat storage device and the heat utilization system.
Further, the spraying device is respectively communicated with an external water source and the percolate tank, and a first water pump is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the spraying device and the percolate tank.
Further, the supporting piece comprises a plurality of cushion blocks and a bearing grid horizontally paved on the cushion blocks, and the material pile is piled on the bearing grid.
Further, a liquid collecting tank is communicated with the lower part of the dividing wall type heat exchanger.
Further, the liquid outlet of the liquid collecting tank is communicated with the liquid inlet of the percolate tank through a liquid guide pipe, and when the liquid outlet elevation of the liquid collecting tank is lower than the liquid inlet elevation of the percolate tank, a second water pump is arranged on the liquid guide pipe.
Further, the outside of the blast pipe is covered with a heat insulation layer.
Further, a plurality of ventilation pipes which are vertically arranged are inserted in the material pile, and a plurality of ventilation holes are formed in the pipe wall of each ventilation pipe.
Further, the dividing wall type heat exchanger is a shell-and-tube type heat exchanger.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following effects:
the method does not need turning over the pile in the whole fermentation process, saves manpower, material resources and cost, regulates and controls the temperature of the material pile in a ventilation mode, ensures that the oxygen concentration is uniform and the humidity is uniform, and realizes static composting.
The controllable closed system can avoid leakage of most of high-temperature and high-humidity gases, and fully recover latent heat and sensible heat.
The method and the device can realize the maximum recycling of the latent heat and the sensible heat generated in the fermentation process while obtaining the organic fertilizer, have low construction and operation costs and can realize automatic control. And the system of the application can be applied in a decentralized manner, such as being applied to greenhouse heating of farmer houses, livestock sheds or site heads, and the like; and the system can also be applied in large-scale centralized or industrialized production, such as supplementing heat for a town central heating system and supplementing preheating heat for large-scale industrial heat users. Compared with the prior art, the heat recovery and utilization efficiency of the organic solid waste is effectively improved, the compost fertilizer improves soil, the quality of agricultural products is improved, the heating cost is reduced, and the development of circular economy is promoted; meanwhile, the energy consumption of fossil can be reduced, the emission of combustion pollutants is reduced, clean heating is realized by aid of assistance, environmental protection is facilitated, and ecological civilization development is promoted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present application.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, an agricultural and forestry organic solid waste static compost heat recycling system comprises a fermentation bin 1 and a dividing wall type heat exchanger 2, wherein a fermentation chamber is arranged in the fermentation bin 1, a supporting piece is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation chamber, a bottom ventilation space is formed between the supporting piece and the bottom surface of the fermentation chamber, a material pile 3 is piled on the supporting piece, a percolation liquid tank 4 is arranged below the fermentation bin 1, the bottom ventilation space is communicated with the percolation liquid tank 4 through a pipeline, a spraying device 5 is arranged above the material pile 3 in the fermentation bin, the fermentation bin 1 is connected with the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 through an air supply pipe 6 to form a closed gas flow loop, a circulating fan 8 is arranged on the air return pipe 7, an air outlet end of the air return pipe 7 is positioned in the bottom ventilation space, a fresh air pipe 9 is also communicated on the air return pipe 7 between the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 and the circulating fan 8, one end of the fresh air pipe 9 is communicated with an external space, a fresh air valve 10 is arranged on the fresh air pipe, and the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 and the heat utilization system 11 are connected through a pipeline, so that a closed liquid or gas flow loop is formed. By arranging the percolate tank 4, the percolate in the fermentation bin 1 is collected. The interior of the fermentation chamber is preferably provided with a slope structure with gradient, so that the percolate automatically flows to the percolate tank 4. The elevation of the water inlet of the percolation liquid tank 4 is lower than the lowest elevation of the bottom surface of the fermentation bin 1. A spraying device 5 is arranged for sprinkling water, humidifying and back-pouring the recovered percolate. By providing the support, a space of sufficient height is provided between the bottom surface of the fermentation chamber 1 and the bottom surface of the material layer for ventilation and collection of percolate. The top of the fermentation bin 1 is provided with a top cover which can be conveniently opened and is used for operation and maintenance.
The fermentation bin 1 is used for containing compost materials, can be built on the ground, can also take ground excavation modes such as ditches, grooves, pits, chambers, pools and the like, and can be arranged outdoors or indoors. The fermentation bin 1 needs to adopt sealing and heat preservation measures, namely, an enclosure structure is arranged on the inner wall of the fermentation bin 1, and the heat preservation performance is determined according to the overall economy. The fermentation bin 1 can be temporarily constructed, and after fermentation is finished, the enclosure structure which is used for sealing and heat preservation is removed, so that fertilizer can be transported away; the fermentation tank can also be constructed into a permanent or fixed form, and the side door is opened, so that fertilizer can be conveniently transported out after fermentation is finished. The compost fermentation has a self heat generation rule which is not necessarily matched with the heating period, and a plurality of fermentation bins 1 can be arranged according to the needs and are started successively to continuously generate heat. The heat demand (heat load) and the heat consumption period (duration/time) are calculated before the warehouse is built, and then the fermentation heat value of the organic solid waste is combined to calculate the consumption of the organic solid waste and the total effective capacity of the required fermentation warehouse 1. The effective volume of the single fermentation bin 1 is not less than 5 cubic meters, the stacking height is preferably 1.5-1.8m, the width is 1.5-2m, and the length is not less than 3m.
When the fermentation bin 1 is arranged outdoors, the heat preservation is carried out on the bin body and the pipeline. When the fermentation bin 1 is arranged indoors, heat dissipated through the enclosure structure can enter the space of the planting greenhouse, and heat waste is reduced. When the fermentation bin 1 is arranged on the ground, the enclosure structure can adopt straw bags, bricks, stones, adobe, color steel plates and the like, so that the structural strength, the sealing property and the heat preservation property are ensured. In order to ensure the tightness of the bin body, the interior or the surface of the enclosure structure is made of a material with good steam-proof performance and can resist certain high temperature (higher than 80 ℃). The utility model proposes to seal the stack 3 with a plastic impermeable film commonly used in engineering. When the underground excavation is used for building the bin, the heat preservation is needed to be carried out on each surface of the enclosure structure, the air tightness is ensured, and the method is the same as the above.
An enclosure structure can be arranged outside the divided wall type heat exchanger 2 to perform heat preservation work.
A biological filter (such as an activated carbon filter screen, an absorption solution and the like) can be arranged at a proper position of the return air pipe 7 between the fermentation bin 1 and the heat exchanger, and gases such as ammonia and the like possibly generated in the fermentation process are filtered and recovered. Ammonia gas is very soluble in water, and the solubility is 1:700 at normal temperature and normal pressure.
The bottom ventilation space can be formed by a cushion block 16 and a bearing grid 17, and can also be formed into other forms, such as a large-diameter plastic pipe, a metal pipe and the like, and a sufficient number of ventilation holes are formed in the pipe. The height of the bottom ventilation space is not less than 20cm.
The spraying device 5 can be any structure capable of realizing liquid spraying, such as a single-head or multi-head atomizing nozzle, a horizontal pipe provided with a plurality of small holes, and the like, and the spraying device 5 can be in a fixed form or can be in a handheld form.
The compost materials put into the fermentation bin 1 are agriculture and forestry organic solid waste, water and auxiliary additives such as organic material decomposing agents, urea and the like. If the organic solid waste such as straw, branch and the like has larger size, the organic solid waste needs to be crushed, and the granularity after crushing is preferably 3-10 cm. The material pile 3 needs to keep certain porosity, which is beneficial to ventilation and liquid permeation. The total carbon-nitrogen ratio content of the fed materials is kept between 25:1 and 35:1. The initial water content of agricultural and forestry organic solid waste is generally low, and the water content of the whole mass of materials reaches 60-65% through water spraying and humidification. In order to make up for the shortage of the microbial agent in the organic solid waste and ensure the fermentation stability of the compost, an organic material decomposing agent such as EM bacteria and the like which are in accordance with the current GB 20287 agricultural microbial agent can be added, and the addition and the using method are in accordance with the product specification.
The heating medium of the thermal system may be gas or liquid. The heat utilization system 11 can be a heat utilization system 11 for a planting greenhouse, a farm heating water system, a livestock shed winter heating water system or a central heating station, and the like, so as to provide heating hot water or hot air for different occasions. The composting system scale is matched to the heat required by the heat consuming system 11. For a newly built use place, the heat utilization system 11 is designed conventionally; the existing heat utilization system 11 is only connected with the composting heat recovery system.
The gas flow power between the fermentation bin 1 and the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 is provided by a circulating fan 8. The circulating fan 8 is arranged at a proper position of the return air pipe 7. The fresh air valve 10 is arranged on an air inlet side pipeline of the circulating fan 8, the pipeline is a negative pressure section, and fresh air is supplemented by arranging the fresh air pipe 9 and the fresh air valve 10 to adjust the oxygen concentration in the material pile 3 in the fermentation chamber. When this application is applied to and plants warmhouse booth and use thermal system 11, the air-out side pipeline intercommunication at circulating fan 8 sets up blast pipe 12, arranges discharge valve 13 on the blast pipe 12 for pipeline pressure balance and release gas fertilizer in to the big-arch shelter when fresh air is supplied.
Experimental tests have shown that the air entering the heat exchanger from the material stack 3 has a high relative humidity, near saturation, and a dew point temperature close to its dry bulb temperature, so that condensation readily occurs when it comes into contact with the outer surface of the tube bundle at relatively low temperatures, releasing the heat of condensation to the fluid in the tubes. In order to increase the heat transfer efficiency, the shell-side fluid and the tube-side fluid should flow countercurrent as much as possible.
The air supplementing and/or exhausting can also play a role in adjusting the humidity in the material pile 3. The whole fermentation process does not need turning to save manpower and material resources, regulates and controls the temperature of the material pile 3 in a ventilation mode, ensures that the oxygen concentration is uniform and the humidity is uniform, and realizes static composting.
According to the capacity of the fermentation bin 1, the consumption of various materials is calculated in advance. The materials can be mixed uniformly in advance and then put into the fermentation bin 1, or put into layers. If layered feeding is adopted, the number of layers and the height of each layer are calculated in advance, main material organic solid waste such as straw and animal manure is firstly fed into each layer, the thickness of each layer is preferably 30-50cm, and then auxiliary additives are sprayed and fed. In the fermentation process, the material pile 3 can be settled, and materials can be properly supplemented, and the material supplementing method is the same as the above.
The composting fermentation process is divided into three stages: early, medium and late. The initial stage is a temperature rising stage, and the stack body rises from the ambient temperature and takes about 2-3 days; at this stage, when the temperature reaches about 70 ℃, it is maintained above this temperature for at least 3 days to kill germs, ova and weed seeds in the organic solid waste. The middle stage is stable fermentation stage, and the heat production amount is large, so that a large amount of heat can be obtained, the heat extraction amount is required to ensure that the temperature in the reactor is not lower than 60 ℃, and the temperature can be kept between 60 ℃ and 65 ℃ preferably. In the final stage, nutrients are less and less, fermentation approaches tail sound, heat generation quantity is reduced, and the temperature of the reactor begins to gradually decrease, but the heat is also utilized as effectively as possible. In the composting fermentation process, the operating parameters are regulated and controlled in real time by a manual or automatic control system, so that the organic fertilizer is high in quality, the heat recovery and utilization efficiency is maximized, and the heat production and heat utilization requirements are matched. In the automatic control system, main parameters (not limited to this) to be monitored by setting a sensor are: the temperature and humidity in the material stack 3, the inlet and outlet temperature and humidity of the fermentation bin 1, the oxygen concentration, the carbon dioxide concentration and the ammonia concentration, the inlet and outlet medium temperature and humidity of the heat exchanger shell side, the inlet and outlet medium temperature of the heat exchanger tube side, the inlet and outlet medium temperature of the heat storage device, the flow of the fan and the water pump 20, the temperature and humidity of the fresh air inlet, the oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration, and the temperature and humidity of the exhaust outlet, the oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration.
In the composting fermentation process, the operating parameters are regulated and controlled in real time by a manual or automatic control system, so that the organic fertilizer is high in quality, the heat recovery and utilization efficiency is maximized, and the heat production and heat utilization requirements are matched.
An exhaust pipe 12 is communicated with the return air pipe 7 between the circulating fan 8 and the fermentation bin 1, and one end of the exhaust pipe 12 is communicated with the external space and an exhaust valve 13 is arranged on the exhaust pipe. In such design, an exhaust pipe 12 is communicated and arranged on the air outlet side pipeline of the circulating fan 8, and an exhaust valve 13 is arranged on the exhaust pipe 12 and is used for balancing pipeline pressure or releasing gas fertilizer into the greenhouse during fresh air supplementing. The fresh air pipe 9 and the exhaust pipe 12 are preferably lengthened hoses, and the distance between the fresh air pipe 9 and the other end of the exhaust pipe 12 is at least two meters, so that the air inlet point and the exhaust point are pulled apart by a sufficient distance, and the short circuit of air flow during operation is avoided.
A heat storage device 14 is arranged in parallel between the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 and the heat utilization system 11, and valves are arranged on closed loop pipelines between the heat storage device 14 and the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 and between the heat storage device 14 and the heat utilization system 11. When the heat produced by composting fermentation is greater than the heat required by the heat utilization system 11, the valves on the two branches of the heat utilization system 11 and the heat storage device 14 are adjusted to enable part of fluid to enter the heat storage device 14, and the heat is stored in the heat storage material; when the heat generation amount is insufficient or the heat demand is increased, valves on the main pipeline and the branch lines of the heat utilization system 11 and the heat storage device 14 are adjusted, the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the heat storage device 14 is increased, and the heat in the heat storage device 14 is taken out. The heat storage material of the heat storage device 14 can be water, phase change material or masonry and other heavy materials, and can adopt the forms of direct heat exchange and indirect heat exchange principles.
The spraying device 5 is respectively communicated with an external water source and the percolate tank 4, and a first water pump 15 is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the spraying device 5 and the percolate tank 4. Valves are respectively arranged on the connecting pipelines between the spraying device 5 and the external water source and between the spraying device 5 and the percolate tank 4 and are used for controlling the external water source or sewage in the percolate tank 4 to enter the fermentation chamber. When the liquid level in the percolate tank 4 reaches a preset position, the first water pump 15 is activated to deliver percolate to the spraying device 5 in the fermentation chamber for spraying the material.
The supporting piece comprises a plurality of cushion blocks 16 and a bearing grid 17 horizontally paved on the cushion blocks 16, and the material pile 3 is piled on the bearing grid 17.
A liquid collecting tank 18 is communicated with the lower part of the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2. So designed, condensate from the divided wall heat exchanger 2 is collected by the liquid collection tank 18. The bottom surface of the heat exchanger may be provided with a slope to allow condensed liquid to flow automatically into the header 18. The liquid collection tank 18 can be connected with a section of pipeline in parallel, and condensate generated in the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 directly flows to the percolate tank 4 through the section of pipeline. The liquid collecting tank 18 and the percolate tank 4 can be connected through a pipeline or not, and when the liquid collecting tank 18 is full, the liquid collecting tank 18 is directly carried manually, and condensate is poured into the percolate tank 4 or directly poured back into the material.
The liquid outlet of the liquid collecting tank 18 is communicated with the liquid inlet of the percolate tank 4 through a liquid guide pipe 19, and when the liquid outlet elevation of the liquid collecting tank 18 is lower than the liquid inlet elevation of the percolate tank 4, a second water pump 20 is arranged on the liquid guide pipe 19. So designed, the condensate is ensured to smoothly enter the percolate tank 4 under the condition that the elevation difference between the liquid collecting tank 18 and the percolate tank 4 cannot meet the requirement through the second water pump 20.
The outside of the blast pipe 6 is covered with a heat insulation layer.
A plurality of ventilation pipes which are vertically arranged are inserted in the material pile 3, and a plurality of ventilation holes are formed in the pipe wall of each ventilation pipe. So designed, the ventilation pipes are inserted when the material pile 3 is built, the pipe diameter Wang Xiaoyu DN40 is arranged, and the number of the ventilation pipes is not more than one fourth of the cross section area of the material pile 3 according to the total cross section area of the pipes. Through setting up the ventilation pipe, can effectively avoid the operation in-process, the material is piled 3 and is subsided the emergence that the porosity that leads to reduces the condition, guarantees the ventilation effect in the fermentation storehouse 1. Alternatively, the top cover of the fermentation bin 1 can be opened, a pointed hard rod is inserted into the material pile 3, and the material pile is loosened by manual or mechanical assistance and swinging in all directions; the method has small workload and is different from the traditional manual turning.
The dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 is a shell-and-tube type heat exchanger.
Working principle:
taking a shell-and-tube heat exchanger as an example, high-temperature and high-humidity gas from a fermentation bin through an air supply pipe enters the shell side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, indirect heat exchange occurs between the high-temperature and high-humidity gas and relatively low-temperature fluid in the pipe side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, the high-temperature and high-humidity gas releases heat, cools and condenses, and then returns to the fermentation bin through an air return pipe; the heat of the tube side fluid is absorbed and then is increased, and the tube side fluid enters a heat utilization system. After the composting fermentation is operated for a period of time, the gas can reversely circulate in the pipeline, so that the composting material is fermented more uniformly.
The second embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1, the static composting heat recycling system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste is used for heating a planting greenhouse 100, and gas generated by a fermentation bin can be used for supplying gas fertilizer to the planting greenhouse 100. An exhaust pipe is communicated with the return air pipe between the circulating fan and the fermentation bin, one end of the exhaust pipe is communicated with the external space, and an exhaust valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe. The heat utilization system of the planting greenhouse is communicated with the dividing wall type heat exchanger in a closed loop manner to realize heat supply. In order to ensure the reliability of a heating system, a newly built planting greenhouse should be equipped with a standby heat source (such as a small boiler using coal, straw or firewood as fuel), and the original heat source of the existing planting greenhouse should be reserved for standby. The composting heat recovery system and the standby heat source are connected in parallel.
When the air fertilizer is required to be supplied for the greenhouse and the oxygen concentration in the fermentation bin is required to be increased, one end of the fresh air pipe can be communicated with the greenhouse outer space and also can be communicated with the greenhouse inner space, but is preferably communicated with the greenhouse outer space. Opening the fresh air valve to supplement fresh air from indoor or outdoor, one end of the exhaust pipe is arranged in the greenhouse and communicated with the inner space of the greenhouse, opening the exhaust valve, releasing carbon dioxide-containing air, and regulating the air quantity of the air and the carbon dioxide through the fresh air valve and the exhaust valve.
When the oxygen concentration is only needed to be increased for the fermentation bin and the carbon dioxide concentration is not needed to be increased in the greenhouse, one end of the exhaust pipe is extended to the outside of the greenhouse to release gas;
when only the air fertilizer is needed to be supplied to the planting greenhouse, the exhaust valve and the fresh air valve are opened, carbon dioxide is released into the room, the fresh air pipe is used for introducing indoor air, the pressure balance of the system is kept, and the concentration of oxygen in the compost fermentation circulating system is carefully controlled.
In doing so, fresh air entering the system is preheated, such as by a heat storage device; the gas discharged from the outside is subjected to heat recovery, for example, a heat storage device may be used.
Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first embodiment.
And a third specific embodiment: referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment is described with reference to an embodiment, in which a static composting heat recycling system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste is designed and built according to the construction area of a house when the system is used for heating the house. The dividing wall type heat exchanger is arranged in equipment or a boiler room of a farm residence, or an insulating equipment room can be independently built outdoors or arranged in an underground space. At present, a hot water radiator heating system is common for farmers, and a small amount of hot air heating systems in the form of air-water are available. The pipe side of the dividing wall type heat exchanger is connected with a farm heating water system, and water is driven by a pump to circulate between the dividing wall type heat exchanger and the farm heating system to heat the farm. In order to ensure the reliability of the heating system, the newly built farm house should be equipped with a standby heat source (such as a small boiler using coal, straw or firewood as fuel), and the original heat source of the existing farm house should be reserved for standby. The composting heat recovery system and the standby heat source are connected in parallel. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: referring to fig. 1, when the static composting heat recycling system for organic solid waste in agriculture and forestry of the present application is used for heating in a livestock shed, there are three general modes for the heating system in the livestock shed: a hot water radiator system, a floor hot water heating system and a hot air system. For the hot water radiator system and the floor hot water heating system, the pipe side of the dividing wall type heat exchanger of the composting heat recovery heat system is directly connected with the water system. A hot air system generally refers to the placement of the ends of a fan coil (air-water heat exchanger) within a shed room. The tube side of the dividing wall type heat exchanger of the composting heat recovery heat system is directly connected with the water system, and then the tail end fan drives the indoor air to exchange heat with the water side, so that heat is sent into the room. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first embodiment.
Fifth embodiment: referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment is described, and when the system for recycling static composting heat of organic solid waste in agriculture and forestry of the present application is used for heating in a central heating station, a plurality of large-scale composting fermentation central heating stations (plants) can be built in a centralized manner, and generated hot water is sent to large-scale heat users through a centralized pipeline, so that heat is supplied to the large-scale heat users. Can be used for heating circulating water, low-temperature water or cold water of a hot user. The composting heat recovery system and the large-scale heat users can adopt an indirect heat exchange mode or a connection mode. Sites should be located as close as possible to large heat users, such as town district heating heat source plants or heat stations, large industrial user heat source plants, etc. (not limited to those listed herein). The quantity and the single-seat scale of the composting heat recycling system are determined according to the heat demand of heat users and the supply quantity of agricultural and forestry organic solid waste resources. The large-scale compost fermentation central heating station (factory) should be matched with agriculture and forestry organic solid waste storage facilities, processing (such as crushing) facilities, other necessary matched facilities and the like. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first embodiment.
Claims (8)
1. An agricultural and forestry organic solid waste static compost heat recovery system, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a fermentation bin (1) and a dividing wall type heat exchanger (2), wherein the fermentation bin (1) is internally provided with a fermentation chamber, the bottom of the fermentation chamber is provided with a supporting piece, a bottom ventilation space is formed between the supporting piece and the bottom surface of the fermentation chamber, a material pile (3) is piled on the supporting piece, a percolation liquid tank (4) is arranged below the fermentation bin (1), the bottom ventilation space is communicated with the percolation liquid tank (4) through a pipeline, a spraying device (5) is arranged above the material pile (3) in the fermentation bin, the fermentation bin (1) is connected with the dividing wall type heat exchanger (2) through an air supply pipe (6) to form a closed gas flow loop, a circulating fan (8) is arranged on the air return pipe (7), the air outlet end of the air return pipe (7) is positioned in the bottom ventilation space, a fresh air pipe (9) is also communicated with the air return pipe (7) between the dividing wall type heat exchanger (2) and the circulating fan (8), one end of the dividing wall type heat exchanger (9) is communicated with the external space and is provided with a valve (10) on the air return pipe, the fresh air pipe and the fresh air pipe (2) and the fresh air pipe (7) and the fresh air pipe) are connected with a hot air pipe (11) through a liquid flow loop form a closed liquid flow loop;
a heat storage device (14) is arranged in parallel between the dividing wall type heat exchanger (2) and the heat utilization system (11), and valves are arranged on closed loop pipelines between the heat storage device (14) and the dividing wall type heat exchanger (2) and between the heat storage device (14) and the heat utilization system (11);
a liquid collecting tank (18) is communicated with the lower part of the dividing wall type heat exchanger (2);
and an enclosure structure is arranged on the inner wall of the fermentation bin (1).
2. The agricultural and forestry organic solid waste static compost heat recovery system of claim 1, wherein: an exhaust pipe (12) is communicated with the return air pipe (7) between the circulating fan (8) and the fermentation bin (1), one end of the exhaust pipe (12) is communicated with the external space, and an exhaust valve (13) is arranged on the exhaust pipe.
3. The agricultural and forestry organic solid waste static compost heat recovery system of claim 1, wherein: the spraying device (5) is respectively communicated with an external water source and the percolate tank (4), and a first water pump (15) is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the spraying device (5) and the percolate tank (4).
4. A static composting heat recovery system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste according to claim 3, wherein: the supporting piece comprises a plurality of cushion blocks (16) and a bearing grid (17) horizontally paved on the cushion blocks (16), and the material pile (3) is piled on the bearing grid (17).
5. The agricultural and forestry organic solid waste static compost heat recovery system of claim 1, wherein: the liquid outlet of the liquid collecting tank (18) is communicated with the liquid inlet of the percolate tank (4) through a liquid guide pipe (19), and when the liquid outlet elevation of the liquid collecting tank (18) is lower than the liquid inlet elevation of the percolate tank (4), a second water pump (20) is arranged on the liquid guide pipe (19).
6. A static composting heat recovery system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein: an insulating layer is wrapped outside the air supply pipe (6).
7. The agricultural and forestry organic solid waste static compost heat recovery system of claim 6, wherein: a plurality of ventilation pipes which are vertically arranged are inserted in the material pile (3), and a plurality of ventilation holes are processed on the pipe wall of each ventilation pipe.
8. A static composting heat recovery system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 7, wherein: the dividing wall type heat exchanger (2) is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
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| CN111790212A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-10-20 | 中农新科(苏州)有机循环研究院有限公司 | Waste gas recycling system for organic waste biological drying process |
| CN111807880B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2022-05-17 | 来宾市农业科学院 | Manure piling system for cattle |
| CN113200774B (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2022-12-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Modular heat recovery device for combined production of agricultural and forestry organic solid waste fertilizer and heat |
| CN113716993A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-11-30 | 北京四良科技有限公司 | Constant temperature controller for compost fermentation |
| CN114149895B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2024-05-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Aerobic fermentation heat recycling equipment for agricultural and forestry waste coupled cultivation excrement |
| CN114747402B (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2023-04-28 | 西北农林科技大学 | Large-span greenhouse |
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