CN111393203A - Static compost heat recycling system of agriculture and forestry organic solid waste - Google Patents
Static compost heat recycling system of agriculture and forestry organic solid waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN111393203A CN111393203A CN202010318337.2A CN202010318337A CN111393203A CN 111393203 A CN111393203 A CN 111393203A CN 202010318337 A CN202010318337 A CN 202010318337A CN 111393203 A CN111393203 A CN 111393203A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/18—Greenhouses for treating plants with carbon dioxide or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/0047—Air-conditioning, e.g. ventilation, of animal housings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K31/00—Housing birds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D7/00—Fertilisers producing carbon dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
- F28D21/0014—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from waste air or from vapors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0035—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for domestic or space heating, e.g. heating radiators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
A static composting heat recycling system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste belongs to the technical field of resource utilization of agricultural and forestry organic solid waste. The invention solves the problems that the heat recycling efficiency of the existing agriculture and forestry organic solid waste compost is low and the static compost can not be realized. The below in fermentation storehouse is provided with the infiltration liquid jar, and bottom ventilation space and infiltration liquid jar pass through the pipeline intercommunication, sprinkler has been arranged to the top of fermentation indoor material heap, link to each other with the return air duct through the blast pipe between fermentation storehouse and the dividing wall type heat exchanger, circulating fan has been arranged on the return air duct, the air-out end of return air duct is located bottom ventilation space, it is provided with the new trend tuber pipe still to communicate on the return air duct between dividing wall type heat exchanger and the circulating fan, it is continuous through the pipeline between dividing wall type heat exchanger and the heat-using system, form confined liquid or gas flow loop. Can realize obtaining organic fertilizer through this application, with the latent heat and the maximum recycle of sensible heat that produce among the fermentation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a static composting heat recycling system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste, and belongs to the technical field of resource utilization of agricultural and forestry organic solid waste.
Background
Common solid wastes of agriculture and forestry include straws, stumps, weeds, fallen leaves, rhizomes, fruit shells, vines, branches, waste bamboos, dregs, cakes, wood chips, livestock and poultry manure, and the like. Many agricultural and forestry solid wastes contain a large amount of organic substances, such as cellulose, lignin, inorganic salts and other various valuable material resources, and also have high energy density. Therefore, the agriculture and forestry organic solid wastes can be said to be renewable biomass resources with higher utilization value. Use is favorable and abandon is harmful. Although the utilization rate of agriculture and forestry organic solid wastes is gradually improved in China, the waste amount is still large. Taking straws and livestock manure as an example, the annual output of the straws and the livestock manure is respectively about 10 million tons and 40 million tons, and the comprehensive utilization rate is respectively about 80 percent and 60 percent [ Jianhuajin, Suzhou Jiang, comprehensive utilization of straw resources and exploration [ J ]. modern agricultural science and technology, 2018(17): 173-) ] 174 [ Shizulian, Wangfei, Wangchun, Lixiang, Sunranhua, Song Dynasty, Chinese crop straw resource utilization characteristics, technical mode and development suggestion [ J ] Chinese agricultural science and technology guide, 2019,21(05):8-16 ]. The other large amount of wastes which cannot be effectively treated or utilized form pollution surface sources for ecological environment factors such as air, soil, water body and the like, and are also huge wastes of resource and energy.
Composting by using organic solid wastes such as straws, excrement and the like is an ancient technology, and has a history of more than two thousand years in China. Composting refers to a biochemical process of promoting biodegradable organic matters to be converted into stable humus under the aerobic condition by artificial regulation and control by utilizing the synergistic effect of microorganisms widely distributed in the nature or artificially added high-efficiency compound microbial agents. The produced natural organic fertilizer has rich nutrient substances, long and stable fertilizer efficiency, is beneficial to promoting the formation of soil solid particles, and can improve a large amount of soil solid particles for a long timeThe use of the fertilizer leads to the deterioration of physical and chemical properties of the soil and improves the quality of agricultural products; CO produced in the composting process2Can be used as air fertilizer to be directly applied to crops in a planting greenhouse. However, the heat generated by the fermentation of compost has not been adequately addressed and utilized. Organic matters in the compost material release a large amount of heat in the degradation process under the action of microorganisms. According to the law of conservation of energy, the same mass of organic matter, the energy released by combustion and by the biological oxidation reaction is the same. Research shows that the heat generated by the organic solid waste compost is about 1/2-2/3 of the heat value of the organic solid waste compost during combustion, and the maximum temperature in the compost can reach more than 70 ℃ in the process. The heating of northern buildings or facility agriculture (greenhouse, livestock shed and the like) in winter can be completely realized by low-grade energy of heat production of compost. In 2017, the heating energy consumption of northern towns in China is 2.01 hundred million tons of standard coal. The winter heating of northern farmhouses and facility agriculture mainly uses coal, and has high cost, low energy effective utilization rate and great environmental pollution. With the rapid development of economic society in China, the proportion of commodity energy consumption in the production and the living in vast rural areas is larger and larger. If the energy contained in the wasted organic solid waste can be used for supplementing or replacing fossil fuel for the heat needed by heating in winter in the north, huge economic benefit, environmental benefit and ecological benefit can be generated.
At present, the cost of large-scale mechanized fertilizer application is low and the efficiency is high. One of the disadvantages of conventional composting techniques, by contrast, is their poor economy, resulting in their use being less and less. For example, in order to ensure the quality of the fertilizer, the material needs to be manually or mechanically "dumped", heat is dissipated to ensure the proper working temperature of the microorganisms and maintain the necessary oxygen concentration, manpower and material resources are consumed, and the heat is not recycled.
The compost belongs to an aerobic solid state fermentation process, and heat generated by microorganisms in the process of activity actually exists in two forms of sensible heat and latent heat. The rising of the absolute temperature of the pile body is the embodiment of sensible heat release in the fermentation process; during the composting process, the water vapor is generated because liquid water absorbs heat and undergoes phase change, and the heat contained in the water vapor is called latent heat. It is known that the latent heat of vaporization of water is very large, and the latent heat of vaporization of liquid water at the same temperature under normal pressure is about 539.9-598.3 times of the average sensible heat specific heat. It is estimated that the latent heat in compost heat production is about 60% -80% or even higher. The prior art has the defect of low utilization rate of heat generated by compost.
The invention patent with the application number of CN2018105522792.2 discloses a greenhouse using compost for heat supply, but the greenhouse cannot recover latent heat in the fermentation process to waste a large amount of heat, and has no adjustability; in addition, the mode is only limited to heat supply for the greenhouse, and the application range is narrow. The agricultural and forestry solid waste yield of China is huge, the heat consumed by the greenhouse is limited after all, and the application range of the heat production mode is expanded as much as possible, for example, the heat is supplied to farmhouses and a centralized heating plant is built to supplement heat for a centralized heating system of cities and towns. The utility model with application number of CN200420107806.2 discloses a heat recovery fermentation bin, which belongs to the technical field of household garbage, and the treated objects are mainly household garbage and non-agriculture and forestry organic solid waste; and this technique has a problem that utilization of latent heat is not explicitly mentioned; no mention is made of condensate recovery; only used for heating a new pile; the control means is rough. The invention patent with application number CN201510008308 discloses a device for supplying heat and recovering carbon dioxide by utilizing fermented compost, and the technology of the patent has the problems that latent heat is not recycled; the function of removing gas generated by composting is arranged, which causes the loss of latent heat and sensible heat; the whole device is fixed and is inconvenient to assemble and disassemble, and the planting area can be occupied when the greenhouse is planted in summer; the recommended carbon nitrogen ratio is 50-70: 1; the fertilizer is inconvenient to transport out of the fermentation bin; manual turning may be required. The invention patent with the application number of CN201810414131 discloses a fermentation tank waste heat recycling device, and the patent technology has the problems that the device mainly aims at the utilization of hot gas generated after the fermentation of animal manure in a pasture, the fermentation tank is connected with a gas-water heat exchange device in a closed loop manner, the aerobic fermentation in the fermentation tank cannot be realized, and the device cannot be directly applied to the fermentation of agriculture and forestry organic solid wastes; the regulation and control mode of the fermentation temperature and the way of ensuring that the interior of the material pile can be uniformly ventilated are not recorded, so that the material pile may need to be turned manually, and static composting cannot be realized. The invention patent with application number CN201410763310 discloses a poultry and livestock house design for heating fermentation heat, and the technology of the patent has extremely low heat utilization efficiency because latent heat and sensible heat are dissipated due to no sealing by arranging a fermentation chamber below the poultry and livestock house and conducting heat through a heat conducting plate; and is only used for heating the poultry and livestock houses.
In summary, the prior art does not explicitly mention or describe the effective recovery of latent heat during composting, nor does it explicitly recognize the importance of latent heat during composting. Therefore, the utilization of heat generated in the composting process must take latent heat and sensible heat into account to obtain the highest efficiency and the best economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the heat recycling efficiency of the existing agriculture and forestry organic solid waste compost is low and the static compost cannot be realized, and further provides a heat recycling system of the agriculture and forestry organic solid waste static compost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a static composting heat recycling system for agriculture and forestry organic solid wastes comprises a fermentation chamber and a dividing wall type heat exchanger, wherein the fermentation chamber is arranged in the fermentation chamber, a supporting member is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation chamber, a bottom ventilation space is formed between the supporting member and the bottom surface of the fermentation chamber, a material pile is arranged on the supporting member, a percolation liquid tank is arranged below the fermentation chamber and is communicated with the percolation liquid tank through a pipeline, a spraying device is arranged above the material pile in the fermentation chamber, the fermentation chamber and the dividing wall type heat exchanger are connected with an air return pipe through an air supply pipe to form a closed gas flow loop, a circulating fan is arranged on the air return pipe, the air outlet end of the air return pipe is positioned in the bottom ventilation space, a fresh air pipe is also communicated with the air return pipe between the dividing wall type heat exchanger and the circulating fan, one end of the fresh air pipe is communicated with the external space and is provided with a, the dividing wall type heat exchanger is connected with the heat utilization system through a pipeline to form a closed liquid or gas flow loop.
Furthermore, an exhaust pipe is communicated with the air return pipe between the circulating fan and the fermentation bin, one end of the exhaust pipe is communicated with the external space, and an exhaust valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe.
Furthermore, a heat storage device is arranged between the dividing wall type heat exchanger and the heat utilization system in parallel, and valves are arranged on closed-loop pipelines between the heat storage device and the dividing wall type heat exchanger and between the heat storage device and the heat utilization system.
Further, the spraying device is respectively communicated with an external water source and the percolate tank, and a first water pump is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the spraying device and the percolate tank.
Furthermore, the supporting piece comprises a plurality of cushion blocks and a bearing grating horizontally laid on the cushion blocks, and the material pile is arranged on the bearing grating.
Furthermore, a liquid collecting tank is communicated and arranged below the dividing wall type heat exchanger.
Further, the liquid outlet of the liquid collecting tank is communicated with the liquid inlet of the percolate tank through a liquid guide pipe, and when the liquid outlet elevation of the liquid collecting tank is lower than the liquid inlet elevation of the percolate tank, a second water pump is arranged on the liquid guide pipe.
Furthermore, the outside of the blast pipe is covered with a heat-insulating layer.
Furthermore, a plurality of vertically arranged ventilation pipes are inserted into the material pile, and a plurality of ventilation holes are formed in the pipe wall of each ventilation pipe.
Further, the dividing wall type heat exchanger is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
according to the method, the stack does not need to be turned in the whole fermentation process, so that manpower, material resources and cost are saved, the temperature of the material stack is regulated and controlled in a ventilation mode, the oxygen concentration is uniform, the humidity is uniform, and static composting is realized.
This application is controllable formula closed system, can avoid most high temperature and high humidity gas to leak, fully retrieves latent heat and sensible heat.
Can realize obtaining organic fertilizer through this application, with the latent heat and the maximum recycle of sensible heat that produce among the fermentation process, construction and running cost are low, can realize automated control. The system can be applied in a distributed mode, such as heating of greenhouses of farmer houses, livestock barns or on-site ground; and large-scale centralized application or industrial production can be realized, such as heat supplement for a town centralized heating system and preheating heat supplement for large-scale industrial heat users. Compared with the prior art, the heat recycling efficiency of the organic solid waste is effectively improved, the compost improves the soil, improves the quality of agricultural products, reduces the heating cost and promotes the development of circular economy; meanwhile, fossil energy consumption can be reduced, combustion pollutant emission is reduced, clean heating is realized by assisting, environmental protection is facilitated, and ecological civilization development is promoted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present application.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described by combining figure 1, a static composting heat recycling system for agriculture and forestry organic solid wastes comprises a fermentation chamber 1 and a dividing wall type heat exchanger 2, wherein the fermentation chamber is arranged in the fermentation chamber 1, a supporting member is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation chamber, a bottom ventilation space is formed between the supporting member and the bottom surface of the fermentation chamber, a material pile 3 is stacked on the supporting member, a percolation liquid tank 4 is arranged below the fermentation chamber 1, the bottom ventilation space is communicated with the percolation liquid tank 4 through a pipeline, a spraying device 5 is arranged above the material pile 3 in the fermentation chamber, the fermentation chamber 1 and the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 are connected with an air return pipe 7 through an air supply pipe 6 to form a closed gas flow loop, a circulating fan 8 is arranged on the air return pipe 7, the air outlet end of the air return pipe 7 is positioned in the bottom ventilation space, and a fresh air pipe 9 is also communicated with the air return pipe 7 between the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 and the circulating, one end of the fresh air pipe 9 is communicated with the external space and is provided with a fresh air valve 10, and the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 is connected with the heat utilization system 11 through a pipeline to form a closed liquid or gas flow loop. The collection of the infiltration liquid in the fermentation bin 1 is realized by arranging the infiltration liquid tank 4. The inside of the fermentation chamber is preferably set to be a slope structure, so that the percolate can automatically flow to the percolate tank 4. The elevation of the water inlet of the percolate tank 4 is lower than the lowest elevation of the bottom surface of the fermentation bin 1. And a spraying device 5 is arranged for spraying water, humidifying and back-watering the recovered percolate. Through the arrangement of the supporting piece, a space with enough height is arranged between the bottom surface of the fermentation bin 1 and the bottom surface of the material layer for ventilating and collecting percolate. The top of the fermentation bin 1 is provided with a top cover which can be conveniently opened and used for operation and maintenance.
The fermentation chamber 1 is used for containing compost materials, can be built on the ground, can also adopt ground excavation forms such as ditches, grooves, pits, chambers, pools and the like, and can be arranged outdoors or indoors. The fermentation chamber 1 needs to adopt sealing and heat preservation measures, namely, an enclosure structure is arranged on the inner wall of the fermentation chamber 1, and the heat preservation performance is determined according to the integral economy. The fermentation bin 1 can be temporarily built, and after fermentation is finished, the enclosing structure which has been sealed and insulated is removed, so that the fertilizer can be transported away; can also be built into a permanent or fixed form, and the side part is opened, thereby being convenient for transporting the fertilizer after the fermentation is finished. The compost fermentation has the heat production rule of self, and is not necessarily matched with the heating period, can set up a plurality of fermentation storehouses 1 as required, and the continuation starts in order to produce heat continuously. Before the building of the fermentation chamber, the heat demand (heat load) and the heat consumption period (duration/duration) are calculated, and then the organic solid waste usage and the total effective capacity of the fermentation chamber 1 are calculated by combining the fermentation heat value of the organic solid waste. The effective volume of the single-seat fermentation chamber 1 is not less than 5 cubic meters, the stack height is preferably 1.5-1.8m, the width is 1.5-2m, and the length is not less than 3 m.
When the fermentation chamber 1 is arranged outdoors, the chamber body and the pipeline need to be well insulated. When the fermentation chamber 1 is arranged indoors, heat dissipated through the enclosing structure can enter the space of the planting greenhouse, and heat waste is reduced. When the fermentation chamber 1 is arranged on the ground, the enclosing structure can adopt straw bags, bricks, stones, adobes, color steel plates and the like, and the structural strength, the sealing property and the heat preservation property are ensured. In order to ensure the sealing performance of the cabin body, the interior or the surface of the enclosure structure is made of a material which has good steam insulation performance and can resist certain high temperature (more than 80 ℃). The invention proposes that the material stack 3 be sealed with a plastic impermeable film, which is common in engineering. When underground excavation is carried out for building a warehouse, all surfaces of the enclosure structure need to be insulated, and the air tightness is ensured.
And a space enclosing structure can be arranged outside the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 to perform heat preservation.
A biological filtering device (such as an activated carbon filter screen, an absorption solution and the like) can be arranged at a proper position of the return air pipe 7 between the fermentation bin 1 and the heat exchanger, and ammonia and other gases possibly generated in the fermentation process are filtered and recovered. The ammonia gas is very soluble in water, and the solubility is 1:700 at normal temperature and normal pressure.
The bottom ventilation space can adopt a form of a cushion block 16 and a bearing grid 17, and can also be made into other forms, such as a plastic pipe with a large pipe diameter, a metal pipe and the like, and the pipe is provided with a sufficient number of ventilation holes. The height of the bottom ventilation space is not less than 20 cm.
The spraying device 5 can be any structure capable of spraying liquid, such as a single-head or multi-head atomizing nozzle, a horizontal pipe provided with a plurality of small holes and the like, and the spraying device 5 can be fixed or handheld.
The compost materials put into the fermentation bin 1 comprise organic solid wastes of agriculture and forestry, water and auxiliary additives such as organic material decomposing agents, urea and the like. If the size of the organic solid waste such as straw, branches and the like is larger, the organic solid waste needs to be crushed, and the granularity after crushing is preferably 3-10 cm. The material pile 3 needs to maintain a certain porosity, which is beneficial to ventilation and liquid permeation. The total carbon-nitrogen ratio content of the charged material is kept between 25:1 and 35: 1. The initial water content of the agriculture and forestry organic solid waste is generally low, and the water content of the whole mass of the material reaches 60-65% by water spraying and humidifying. In order to make up for the shortage of the microbial inoculum in the organic solid waste and ensure the stability of compost fermentation, organic material decomposing agents such as EM (effective microorganisms) meeting the requirements of the current agricultural microbial inoculum GB 20287 can be added, and the addition amount and the use method meet the product specification.
The heating medium of the thermal system can be gas or liquid. The heat utilization system 11 can be a heat utilization system 11 for a planting greenhouse, a heating water system for farmhouses, a heating water system for livestock barns in winter, a centralized heating station or the like, so as to provide hot water or hot air for heating in different occasions. The composting system is sized to match the heat demand of the heat consuming system 11. For a newly-built use place, the heat utilization system 11 is designed according to the conventional method; the existing heat utilization system 11 only needs to be connected with a compost heat recovery system.
The gas flowing power between the fermentation bin 1 and the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 is provided by a circulating fan 8. The circulation fan 8 is provided at an appropriate position of the return duct 7. The fresh air valve 10 is arranged on an air inlet side pipeline of the circulating fan 8, the pipeline at the section is a negative pressure section, and the fresh air pipe 9 and the fresh air valve 10 are arranged and used for supplementing fresh air and adjusting the oxygen concentration in the material stack 3 in the fermentation chamber. When this application is applied to planting warmhouse booth and uses thermal system 11, the intercommunication sets up blast pipe 12 on circulating fan 8's air-out side pipeline, arranges discharge valve 13 on blast pipe 12 for pipeline pressure is balanced and to release the gas fertilizer in the big-arch shelter when mending the new trend.
Experimental tests show that the relative humidity of the air entering the heat exchanger from the material pile 3 is high and is close to a saturated state, and the dew point temperature of the air is close to the dry bulb temperature of the air, so that the air is easy to condense when contacting with the outer surface of the tube bundle with relatively low temperature, and the condensing heat is released and transferred to the fluid in the tube. In order to increase the heat transfer efficiency, the shell-side fluid and the tube-side fluid should flow as counter-current as possible.
The air supply and/or exhaust can also play a role in adjusting the humidity in the material stack 3. During the whole fermentation process, the stack does not need to be turned, so that manpower and material resources are saved, the temperature of the material stack 3 is regulated and controlled in a ventilation mode, the oxygen concentration is uniform, the humidity is uniform, and static composting is realized.
According to the capacity of the fermentation bin 1, the use amount of various materials is calculated in advance. The materials can be mixed uniformly in advance and then put into the fermentation bin 1, and can also be put in layers. If layered feeding is adopted, the number of layers and the height of each layer are calculated in advance, main material organic solid waste such as straw and animal waste is fed into each layer, the thickness of each layer is preferably 30-50cm, and then water is sprayed and auxiliary additives are fed. In the fermentation process, the material pile 3 can be settled, and materials can be supplemented properly, and the material supplementing method is the same as the above.
The composting fermentation process is divided into three stages: the initial stage, the middle stage and the final stage. The initial stage is a temperature rise stage, the stack body starts to rise from the ambient temperature, and the time is about 2-3 days; at this stage, when the temperature reaches about 70 ℃, the temperature is maintained above this temperature for at least 3 days to kill germs, worm eggs and weed seeds in the organic solid waste. The middle stage is a stable fermentation stage, and has large heat production amount, so that large amount of heat can be obtained, and the heat can be obtained to ensure that the temperature in the reactor is not lower than 60 ℃, and preferably can be kept between 60 ℃ and 65 ℃. In the final stage, less and less nutrient substances are generated, the fermentation is close to the end sound, the heat production is reduced, the temperature of the heap body begins to be gradually reduced, but the heat is also effectively utilized as much as possible. In the composting fermentation process, the operation parameters are regulated and controlled in real time through a manual or automatic control system, so that the high quality of the organic fertilizer, the maximization of the heat recycling efficiency and the matching of heat production and heat demand are realized. In an automatic control system, the main parameters to be monitored by a sensor (not limited to these parameters) are: the temperature and humidity in the material pile 3, the temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration and ammonia concentration of the inlet and outlet of the fermentation bin 1, the temperature and humidity of the medium of the inlet and outlet of the shell side of the heat exchanger, the temperature of the medium of the inlet and outlet of the tube side of the heat exchanger, the temperature of the medium of the inlet and outlet of the heat storage device, the flow of the fan and the water pump 20, the temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration of the fresh air inlet, and the temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide.
In the composting fermentation process, the operation parameters are regulated and controlled in real time through a manual or automatic control system, so that the high quality of the organic fertilizer, the maximization of the heat recycling efficiency and the matching of heat production and heat demand are realized.
An exhaust pipe 12 is communicated with the air return pipe 7 between the circulating fan 8 and the fermentation chamber 1, one end of the exhaust pipe 12 is communicated with the external space, and an exhaust valve 13 is arranged on the exhaust pipe. According to the design, the exhaust pipe 12 is communicated with the air outlet side pipeline of the circulating fan 8, and the exhaust valve 13 is arranged on the exhaust pipe 12 and used for balancing pipeline pressure or releasing air fertilizer into the greenhouse during fresh air supplement. The fresh air pipe 9 and the exhaust pipe 12 are preferably lengthened hoses, and the distance between the other ends of the fresh air pipe 9 and the exhaust pipe 12 is at least two meters, so that the air inlet point and the exhaust point are separated by a sufficient distance, and the short circuit of air flow during operation is avoided.
A heat storage device 14 is arranged between the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 and the heat utilization system 11 in parallel, and valves are arranged on closed-loop pipelines between the heat storage device 14 and the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 and between the heat storage device 14 and the heat utilization system 11. By the design, when the heat produced by compost fermentation is larger than the heat demand of the heat using system 11, valves on two branches of the heat using system 11 and the heat storage device 14 are adjusted, so that part of the fluid enters the heat storage device 14, and the heat is stored in the heat storage material; when the heat production quantity is insufficient or the heat demand quantity is increased, valves on the main pipeline, the heat utilization system 11 and the branch of the heat storage device 14 are adjusted, the flow of fluid flowing through the heat storage device 14 is increased, and the heat in the heat storage device 14 is taken out. The heat storage material of the heat storage device 14 can be water, phase change material or heavy materials such as masonry, and can adopt both direct heat exchange and indirect heat exchange principle forms.
The spraying device 5 is respectively communicated with an external water source and the percolate tank 4, and a first water pump 15 is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the spraying device 5 and the percolate tank 4. And valves are respectively arranged on a connecting pipeline between the spraying device 5 and an external water source and a connecting pipeline between the spraying device 5 and the percolate tank 4, and are used for controlling the external water source or sewage in the percolate tank 4 to enter the fermentation chamber. When the liquid level in the percolate tank 4 reaches a preset position, the first water pump 15 is started to convey the percolate to the spraying device 5 in the fermentation chamber to spray the material.
The supporting member comprises a plurality of cushion blocks 16 and a bearing grating 17 horizontally laid on the cushion blocks 16, and the material pile 3 is piled on the bearing grating 17.
A liquid collecting tank 18 is communicated below the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2. So designed, the condensed liquid of the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 is collected by the liquid collecting tank 18. The bottom surface of the heat exchanger may be sloped to allow the condensate to flow into the sump 18. The liquid collecting tank 18 can be connected with a section of pipeline in parallel, and the condensation liquid generated in the dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 directly flows to the percolation liquid tank 4 through the section of pipeline. The liquid collecting tank 18 and the percolate tank 4 can be connected through a pipeline or not, when the liquid collecting tank 18 is full, the liquid collecting tank 18 is directly carried by people, and the condensation liquid is poured into the percolate tank 4 or the materials are directly poured back.
The liquid outlet of the liquid collection tank 18 is communicated with the liquid inlet of the percolate tank 4 through a liquid guide pipe 19, and when the liquid outlet elevation of the liquid collection tank 18 is lower than the liquid inlet elevation of the percolate tank 4, a second water pump 20 is arranged on the liquid guide pipe 19. By the design, under the condition that the standard height difference between the liquid collecting tank 18 and the percolate tank 4 cannot meet the requirement through the second water pump 20, the condensate is guaranteed to smoothly enter the percolate tank 4.
The outside of the blast pipe 6 is covered with a heat-insulating layer.
A plurality of vertically arranged ventilation pipes are inserted into the material pile 3, and a plurality of ventilation holes are processed on the pipe wall of each ventilation pipe. By the design, the ventilation pipes are inserted when the material pile 3 is built, the pipe diameter wane is smaller than DN40, and the total cross-sectional area of the ventilation pipes is not more than one fourth of the cross-sectional area of the material pile 3. Through setting up the ventilation pipe, can effectively avoid the operation in-process, the material heap 3 guarantees the ventilation effect in the fermentation storehouse 1 because of the emergence of the porosity reduction condition that takes place to subside and lead to. Optionally, the top cover of the fermentation bin 1 is opened, a hard rod with a sharp head is inserted into the material pile 3, and the material pile is loosened by swinging in all directions by manual or mechanical assistance; the method has small workload and is different from the traditional manual pile turning.
The dividing wall type heat exchanger 2 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
The working principle is as follows:
taking a shell-and-tube heat exchanger as an example, high-temperature and high-humidity gas from a fermentation bin through an air supply pipe enters the shell side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, indirect heat exchange is carried out between the high-temperature and high-humidity gas and relatively low-temperature fluid in the tube side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, the high-temperature and high-humidity gas releases heat, is cooled and condensed, and then returns to the fermentation bin through an air return; and the fluid on the tube side absorbs heat and rises temperature, and then enters a heat utilization system. After the compost fermentation operation is carried out for a period of time, the gas can reversely and circularly flow in the pipeline, so that the compost materials are fermented more uniformly.
The second embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1, the embodiment is described, and when the agricultural and forestry organic solid waste static composting heat recycling system is used for heating the planting greenhouse 100, the gas generated by the fermentation bin can be used for supplying gas manure to the planting greenhouse 100. An exhaust pipe is communicated with the air return pipe between the circulating fan and the fermentation bin, one end of the exhaust pipe is communicated with the external space, and an exhaust valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe. The heat utilization system of the planting greenhouse is communicated with the dividing wall type heat exchanger in a closed loop mode to realize heat supply. In order to ensure the reliability of a heating system, a newly-built planting greenhouse is provided with a standby heat source (such as a small boiler using coal, straw or firewood as fuel), and the original heat source of the existing planting greenhouse is reserved for standby. The composting heat recovery system and the standby heat source are connected in parallel.
When the greenhouse needs to be supplied with gas and fertilizer and the oxygen concentration in the fermentation bin needs to be increased, one end of the fresh air pipe can be communicated with the external space of the greenhouse and can also be communicated with the indoor space of the greenhouse, but is preferably communicated with the external space of the greenhouse. Opening the fresh air valve to supplement fresh air from indoor or outdoor, arranging one end of the exhaust pipe in the greenhouse to be communicated with the inner space of the greenhouse, opening the exhaust valve to release air containing carbon dioxide, and adjusting the air quantity of the air and the carbon dioxide through the fresh air valve and the exhaust valve.
When the oxygen concentration is only needed to be increased for the fermentation chamber and the carbon dioxide concentration is not needed to be increased in the greenhouse, one end of the exhaust pipe is extended to the outside of the greenhouse to release gas;
when only need for planting warmhouse booth supply gas fertilizer, open discharge valve and new trend valve, release carbon dioxide into indoorly, the new trend tuber pipe introduces indoor air, keeps system pressure balance, nevertheless needs to pay attention to the oxygen concentration who controls well in the compost fermentation circulation system.
During the operation, the fresh air entering the system needs to be preheated, and a heat storage device can be used; the gas discharged to the outside is subjected to heat recovery, for example, by using a heat storage device.
Other components and connection relations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: in the present embodiment, the static composting heat recycling system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste according to the present invention is designed and constructed according to the building area of a residential building when heating the residential building with reference to fig. 1. The dividing wall type heat exchanger is arranged in an equipment room or a boiler room of a farmhouse, or can be independently built outside to form a heat-insulating equipment room or arranged in an underground space. At present, the farmhouse is commonly provided with a hot water radiator heating system, and a small amount of air-water type hot air heating system is provided. The pipe side of the dividing wall type heat exchanger is connected with a farmhouse heating water system, and water is circulated between the dividing wall type heat exchanger and the farmhouse heating system by driving of a pump to heat the inside of the farmhouse. In order to ensure the reliability of a heating system, a newly-built farmhouse is equipped with a standby heat source (such as a small boiler taking coal, straw or firewood as fuel), and the original heat source of the existing farmhouse is reserved for standby. The composting heat recovery system and the standby heat source are connected in parallel. Other components and connection relations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: in the case where the static composting heat recovery system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste according to the present invention is used for heating livestock barns, the heating system for livestock barns generally has three types: hot water radiator system, floor hot water heating system and hot air system. For a hot water radiator system and a floor hot water heating system, the pipe side of a dividing wall type heat exchanger of the compost heat recovery heat system is directly connected with a water system of the dividing wall type heat exchanger. Hot air systems typically include a fan coil (air-water heat exchanger) end located in the shed room. The tube side of the dividing wall type heat exchanger of the compost heat recovery heat system is directly connected with the water system of the heat recovery heat system, and then the tail end fan drives indoor air to exchange heat with the water side, so that heat is sent into the room. Other components and connection relations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: when the static composting heat recycling system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste is used for heating a central heating station, a plurality of large composting and fermenting central heating stations (plants) can be centrally built by using the system, and generated hot water is sent to large heat users by using a central pipeline to supply heat to the large heat users. Can be used for heating circulating water, low-temperature water or cold water of a hot user. The composting heat recovery system and the large-scale heat users can adopt an indirect heat exchange mode or a connection mode. The site should be selected as close as possible to large thermal users, such as town central heating heat source plants or heating power stations, large industrial user heat source plants, etc. (not limited to those listed here). The quantity and the single seat scale of the compost heat recycling system are determined according to the heat demand of heat users and the supply quantity of agriculture and forestry organic solid waste resources. A large-scale compost fermentation centralized heating plant (factory) is matched with agriculture and forestry organic solid waste storage facilities, treatment (such as crushing) facilities and other necessary matched facilities and the like. Other components and connection relations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. The static composting heat recycling system for the agricultural and forestry organic solid wastes is characterized in that: the fermentation device comprises a fermentation chamber (1) and a dividing wall type heat exchanger (2), wherein the fermentation chamber is arranged in the fermentation chamber (1), a supporting piece is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation chamber, a bottom ventilation space is formed between the supporting piece and the bottom surface of the fermentation chamber, a material stack (3) is stacked on the supporting piece, a percolation liquid tank (4) is arranged below the fermentation chamber (1), the bottom ventilation space is communicated with the percolation liquid tank (4) through a pipeline, a spraying device (5) is arranged above the material stack (3) in the fermentation chamber, the fermentation chamber (1) and the dividing wall type heat exchanger (2) are connected with an air return pipe (7) through an air supply pipe (6) to form a closed gas flow loop, a circulating fan (8) is arranged on the air return pipe (7), the air outlet end of the air return pipe (7) is positioned in the bottom ventilation space, a fresh air pipe (9) is also communicated with the air return pipe (7) between the dividing wall type heat exchanger (2) and the, one end of the fresh air pipe (9) is communicated with the external space and is provided with a fresh air valve (10), and the dividing wall type heat exchanger (2) is connected with the heat utilization system (11) through a pipeline to form a closed liquid or gas flow loop.
2. The static composting heat recycling system for the agricultural and forestry organic solid waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: an exhaust pipe (12) is communicated and arranged on the return air pipe (7) between the circulating fan (8) and the fermentation bin (1), one end of the exhaust pipe (12) is communicated with the external space, and an exhaust valve (13) is arranged on the exhaust pipe.
3. The static composting heat recycling system for the agricultural and forestry organic solid waste as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: a heat storage device (14) is arranged between the dividing wall type heat exchanger (2) and the heat utilization system (11) in parallel, and valves are arranged on closed-loop pipelines between the heat storage device (14) and the dividing wall type heat exchanger (2) and between the heat storage device (14) and the heat utilization system (11).
4. The static composting heat recycling system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the spraying device (5) is respectively communicated with an external water source and the percolate tank (4), and a first water pump (15) is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the spraying device (5) and the percolate tank (4).
5. The static composting heat recycling system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the supporting piece comprises a plurality of cushion blocks (16) and a bearing grating (17) horizontally laid on the cushion blocks (16), and the material pile (3) is piled on the bearing grating (17).
6. The static composting heat recycling system for the agricultural and forestry organic solid waste as claimed in claim 1, 2, 4 or 5, wherein: a liquid collecting tank (18) is communicated and arranged below the dividing wall type heat exchanger (2).
7. The static composting heat recycling system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the liquid outlet of the liquid collecting tank (18) is communicated with the liquid inlet of the percolate tank (4) through a liquid guide pipe (19), and when the liquid outlet elevation of the liquid collecting tank (18) is lower than the liquid inlet elevation of the percolate tank (4), a second water pump (20) is arranged on the liquid guide pipe (19).
8. An agroforestry organic solid waste static compost heat recovery system as claimed in claim 1, 2, 4, 5 or 7, wherein: the outside of the blast pipe (6) is covered with a heat-insulating layer.
9. The static composting heat recycling system for agricultural and forestry organic solid waste as claimed in claim 8, wherein: a plurality of vertically arranged ventilation pipes are inserted into the material pile (3), and a plurality of ventilation holes are processed on the pipe wall of each ventilation pipe.
10. An agroforestry organic solid waste static compost heat recovery system as claimed in claim 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 or 9 wherein: the dividing wall type heat exchanger (2) is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
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| CN111807880A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-10-23 | 来宾市农业科学院 | Manure piling system for cattle |
| CN113200774A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-03 | 哈尔滨亿柯能源环保科技有限公司 | Modular heat recovery device for heat cogeneration of agricultural and forestry organic solid waste fertilizer |
| CN113716993A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-11-30 | 北京四良科技有限公司 | Constant temperature controller for compost fermentation |
| CN114149895A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-03-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Aerobic fermentation heat recycling equipment for manure for coupled cultivation of agricultural and forestry waste |
| CN114747402A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-07-15 | 西北农林科技大学 | Large-span greenhouse |
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