CN216460820U - Tunnel kiln type garbage biological drying system - Google Patents
Tunnel kiln type garbage biological drying system Download PDFInfo
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- CN216460820U CN216460820U CN202122772538.2U CN202122772538U CN216460820U CN 216460820 U CN216460820 U CN 216460820U CN 202122772538 U CN202122772538 U CN 202122772538U CN 216460820 U CN216460820 U CN 216460820U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to the technical field of garbage drying treatment, and discloses a tunnel kiln type garbage biological drying system which comprises a tunnel kiln type drying bin, wherein one side of the tunnel kiln type drying bin is provided with a material inlet and outlet and a bin door for sealing the material inlet and outlet; a blast aeration device is paved at the bottom of the tunnel kiln type drying bin; the blast aeration device comprises a ventilation pipeline and a plurality of aeration nozzles arranged on the ventilation pipeline; the tunnel kiln type drying bin is connected with an odor collecting and treating device through an odor collecting pipeline; the odor collecting and treating device comprises a heat exchanger, a chemical washing tower and a cooling tower; the heat exchanger is connected with the sewage collecting device through a condensate collecting pipeline; the sewage collecting device is arranged outside the tunnel kiln type drying bin and communicated with the ventilating pipeline. The utility model can effectively shorten the garbage conveying and transferring process, improve the aeration efficiency and ensure higher drying efficiency; reduce the odor treatment amount and effectively reduce the treatment cost.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of garbage drying treatment, in particular to a tunnel kiln type garbage biological drying system.
Background
Domestic garbage in China is mainly mixed and collected, has the characteristics of complex components, high organic matter content, high water content and low heat value, and is treated by landfill or incineration mostly in China at present. Landfill disposal can produce a large amount of high-concentration landfill leachate, the treatment difficulty is large, the cost is high, and direct incineration can cause the problems of low power generation efficiency, heavy load of subsequent flue gas treatment and the like. Therefore, there is a need for harmless, reduced and resourceful treatment of domestic waste.
The premise of the garbage resource treatment is that drying treatment is needed so as to more effectively separate and utilize resources. The traditional household garbage drying mode adopts modes such as outdoor natural air drying or garbage storehouse stacking fermentation, the occupied area is large, the drying efficiency is low, the effect is poor, and the generated odor, sewage and other harmful substances easily cause secondary pollution to the environment. The domestic garbage is treated by adopting a biological drying technology, so that organic matters in the garbage are well fermented, water and the organic matters in the garbage are quickly reduced, the quality of the garbage is improved, and conditions are created for reducing pollution in subsequent mechanical sorting and incineration.
The Chinese patent with publication number CN102557764A discloses a biological drying reactor for domestic garbage and a biological drying method for garbage, wherein the flow and frequency of air in and out are adjusted on line, air in and out is dehumidified and heated, and a monitoring instrument is arranged on a pipeline to monitor parameters such as air temperature, humidity and pressure in real time; collecting and uniformly treating odor generated by drying in a centralized manner; setting and adjusting pile turning frequency through an upper configuration interface of a PLC industrial personal computer, and accelerating drying of materials; collecting temperature and water data of materials at different levels and different depths regularly, and monitoring the production amount and components of the percolate regularly; the operation of the equipment instrument is controlled and monitored through upper configuration by adopting two control modes of automatic control and manual control. The waste conveying and transferring process is complex when the reactor is used for biological drying, aeration is insufficient, the risk of waste blockage is high, the tail gas discharge amount is high, and the treatment cost is high.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model provides a tunnel kiln type garbage biological drying system, which adopts a tunnel kiln type drying bin to shorten the garbage conveying and transferring process, a ventilation and aeration device arranged at the bottom of the drying bin can ensure the sufficient aeration, and simultaneously tail gas, sewage and the like can be recycled, thereby reducing the treatment cost.
The specific technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:
the utility model provides a tunnel kiln type garbage biological drying system which comprises a tunnel kiln type drying bin, wherein a material inlet and a material outlet and a bin door for sealing the material inlet and the material outlet are formed in one side of the tunnel kiln type drying bin; a blast aeration device is paved at the bottom of the tunnel kiln type drying bin; the blast aeration device comprises a ventilation pipeline and a plurality of aeration nozzles arranged on the ventilation pipeline; the tunnel kiln type drying bin is connected with an automatic ventilation control device; the automatic ventilation control device comprises a temperature sensor arranged in the tunnel kiln type drying bin; the tunnel kiln type drying bin is connected with an odor collecting and treating device through an odor collecting pipeline; the odor collecting and treating device comprises a heat exchanger, a chemical washing tower and a cooling tower, wherein the heat exchanger and the chemical washing tower are sequentially connected to the odor collecting pipeline; the heat exchanger is connected with the sewage collecting device through a condensate collecting pipeline; the sewage collecting device is arranged outside the tunnel kiln type drying bin and communicated with the ventilating duct.
According to the biological drying of the garbage, under the condition of forced ventilation, microorganisms utilize perishable organic matters in the mixed garbage to ferment and generate heat, ventilation is performed at a high temperature to accelerate moisture volatilization, the moisture of the mixed garbage is remarkably reduced, and the biological drying effect is realized. The garbage after biological drying can greatly improve the subsequent garbage sorting effect and the burning quality in the furnace. The material is distributed in the drying bin directly by the forklift, the traditional material conveying mode combining a travelling crane and a belt conveyor is replaced, the defects of complex structure, high operation cost, large occupied area and inconvenience in conveying garbage are overcome, the garbage conveying and transferring process is shortened, and the equipment investment cost and the garbage drying operation treatment cost are reduced. The drying bin is a tunnel kiln type drying bin, only a material inlet and a material outlet are arranged, and the bin gate is used for sealing the material inlet and the material outlet to form a closed space, so that the drying process in the bin is not influenced by external climatic conditions. The bottom of the drying bin is provided with a blast aeration device, and the ventilation pipeline is provided with an aeration nozzle. The aeration mode can increase the aeration area as much as possible, improve the aeration efficiency, ensure the full fermentation of the perishable organic matters in a short time, and accelerate the volatilization of the moisture in the garbage.
The ventilation automatic control device compares actual values and target values of all measurement parameters in a set time period, so that the starting and stopping and ventilation quantity of the blast aeration device are controlled through temperature, an optimum temperature curve and an optimum oxygen supply quantity are provided for the drying process, the drying process is guaranteed, manual blind control is avoided, and the drying effect is influenced. And tail gas generated in the drying bin is conveyed to the heat exchanger through an odor collecting pipeline, is cooled by the cooling tower, is purified by the chemical washing tower and is discharged into the atmosphere after reaching the standard. Hot air generated in the drying process enters a heat exchanger, condensed water generated after cooling by a cooling tower enters a sewage collecting device, in addition, the sewage collecting device is also communicated with a ventilating pipeline and used for receiving a small amount of garbage percolate generated in a drying bin, and the percolate is mainly generated in the drying initial stage. The sewage and the waste gas generated by the system are recycled or discharged after being subjected to statistical collection and treatment, so that the secondary pollution to the environment is avoided, and the cyclic utilization rate is improved.
Preferably, the tail gas cooled by the cooling tower in the heat exchanger is respectively introduced into the washing tower by the induced draft fan and introduced into the ventilating duct by the blower through the tunnel kiln drying bin. Most of the gas cooled by the cooling tower in the heat exchanger returns to the drying bin after being cooled, and the rest of the tail gas is purified by the washing tower and discharged after reaching the standard so as to reduce the treatment amount of the odor. The blower is provided with a local manual start-stop and automatic selection switch for connecting, and air is input into the drying bin.
The tail gas also contains a small amount of volatile organic compounds, microorganisms and the like, the tail gas is introduced into the drying bin to attach the microorganisms to the garbage again, the garbage which is not completely fermented is fermented again by means of the volatile organic compounds, and the biological drying efficiency is improved. In addition, in the aerobic biodegradation process of the garbage, a large number of bacteria carried in the organic waste decompose organic substances to release energy, so that the temperature of a pile is increased, mesophilic bacteria and actinomycetes which are less affected by high temperature can still keep activity in the whole aerobic degradation process, and normal-temperature bacteria and fungi which are more affected by high temperature are reduced in activity and even reduced in content. The tail gas carrying with the microorganisms enters the heat exchanger through the tail gas collecting pipeline, is cooled by the cooling tower and then enters the drying bin through the aeration of the ventilating pipeline laid at the bottom, so that the optimum growth temperature of the microorganisms can be adjusted to improve the activity, the tail gas enters the garbage pile from bottom to bottom (low temperature) and top (high temperature), the active period of the microorganisms is prolonged, the activity of the microorganisms in the pile body is promoted, and the biodegradation rate is further improved.
Preferably, the ventilation pipeline blows air through an air blower arranged on a drying bin body of the tunnel kiln; the blower is communicated with the atmosphere. The tail gas quantity introduced into the heat exchanger by the tunnel kiln type drying bin is equal to the air quantity introduced into the ventilating duct by the air blower. The air entering the drying bin from the air blower comprises recycled air and atmospheric air, which are all introduced by a pipeline, the air is introduced into the ventilating pipeline through the drying bin and is aerated into the drying bin by the aeration nozzle, oxygen in the atmospheric air provides oxygen demand for microorganisms, and particularly the microorganisms in tail gas introduced into the drying bin along with the atmospheric air can promote aerobic degradation of the microorganisms and improve the biodegradation efficiency of the microorganisms in an active period. The air quantity circulating in the drying bin is kept unchanged, namely the quantity of the waste gas discharged through purification is equal to the quantity of fresh air introduced from the atmosphere.
Preferably, the temperature sensor controls the opening degree of the blower by a PLC automatic control system. The PLC control system controls the opening of the blower according to the temperature of the garbage in the drying bin so as to automatically set different air flows to meet the requirement of a biological drying process, and the temperature in the drying bin is kept at about 50 ℃.
Preferably, the ventilation pipeline comprises a plurality of ventilation branch pipes arranged in parallel and a ventilation main pipe connected with the ventilation branch pipes; the ventilation branch pipes are provided with a plurality of aeration nozzles.
Preferably, the aeration nozzle is arranged along the horizontal direction and upwards inclines for 45-60 degrees. Can avoid rubbish to block up betterly, and can improve the contact rate of air and bottom rubbish for after the bottom rubbish carries out abundant fermentation earlier, progressively go on to the upper strata by the bottom again, be favorable to landfill leachate's collection, accelerate the circulation of air. Meanwhile, the bottom layer garbage can generate larger heat quickly, the water evaporation of the upper layer garbage is promoted, and the biological drying efficiency is further improved.
Preferably, the sewage collecting device comprises a sewage collecting tank, a drainage pump and a sewage treatment assembly which are sequentially connected with the sewage collecting tank.
Preferably, the garbage is firstly conveyed into a tunnel kiln type drying bin through a crushing and sorting device and then a forklift; the crushing and sorting device comprises a pre-crushing assembly and a mechanical iron removal assembly which are sequentially connected. The iron metal which can be recycled is sorted out by crushing and magnetic separation treatment of the garbage, and the crushing is to homogenize the garbage and is more beneficial to subsequent aerobic fermentation.
Preferably, the tunnel kiln type drying bin is provided with a heat insulation layer, and the periphery of the bin body is sealed; the bin gate is a hydraulic side opening gate. The drying bin is made of concrete, a hydraulic side-opening tunnel kiln mode is adopted, a heat insulation layer is arranged, the periphery of the bin cover is sealed to ensure that the biological drying process is isolated from the outside, and the drying process in the bin is not influenced by external weather conditions.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following technical effects:
(1) the tunnel kiln type drying bin is adopted to replace a traditional conveying mode combining a travelling crane and a belt conveyor, so that the garbage conveying and transferring process is shortened, and the equipment investment cost and the garbage drying operation treatment cost are reduced;
(2) before the garbage is dried, the garbage needs to be pre-crushed and mechanically deironing, so that the components and the size of the garbage are uniform, and the drying efficiency is improved;
(3) the bottom of the drying bin is provided with the blast aeration device, so that the aeration area can be increased as much as possible, the aeration efficiency is improved, the full fermentation of perishable organic matters in a short time is ensured, and the volatilization of water in the garbage can be accelerated;
(4) the waste gas generated in the drying process is cooled and dehydrated and then is partially conveyed back to the drying bin, so that the odor treatment capacity is reduced, and the treatment cost is effectively reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a tunnel kiln type biological drying system for garbage according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the vent branch pipe in the present invention.
The reference signs are: the device comprises a tunnel kiln type drying bin 1, a bin gate 2, a crushing and sorting device 3, a forklift 4, a blower 5, a ventilation branch pipe 6, a ventilation main pipe 7, an aeration nozzle 8, a sewage collecting tank 9, a drainage pump 10, a sewage treatment assembly 11, a temperature sensor 12, a cooling tower 13, a heat exchanger 14, a condensate collecting pipeline 15, an odor collecting pipeline 16, an induced draft fan 17 and a chemical washing tower 18.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is illustrated by the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto:
example 1
In order to meet the drying requirement of 1000t/d garbage, the utility model is provided with 10 tunnel kiln type drying bins 1, the garbage heat value of the primary garbage is increased to above 2300 kcal/kg after the garbage is dried in the tunnel kiln type drying bins 1 for 7 days, and the water content is reduced to below 38%.
The tunnel kiln type drying bins 1 are arranged in a side-by-side mode, two rows are arranged, and each drying bin is 9.5m wide, 41m long and 6m high. The tunnel kiln type drying bin 1 is made of concrete, the periphery of a bin body is sealed, and a heat preservation and insulation layer is arranged in the tunnel kiln type drying bin. One side of the tunnel kiln type drying bin 1 is provided with a material inlet and outlet and a bin door 2 for sealing the material inlet and outlet, and the bin door 2 is a hydraulic side opening door.
As shown in fig. 1, the garbage is firstly crushed and sorted by a crushing and sorting device 3 at the front end of a tunnel kiln type drying bin 1, and the crushing and sorting device 3 comprises a pre-crushing component and a mechanical iron removal component which are sequentially connected. And then the garbage is conveyed to the tunnel kiln type drying bin 1 by a loader, and the garbage is distributed by a forklift, so that the height of the garbage pile in the tunnel kiln type drying bin 1 is not more than 4 m to ensure the ventilation effect.
The bottom of the tunnel kiln type drying bin 1 is provided with a blast aeration device, the blast aeration device comprises a PVC ventilation pipeline and an aeration nozzle 8, and the ventilation pipeline comprises 24 ventilation branch pipes 6 arranged in parallel and 2 ventilation main pipes 7 connected with the ventilation branch pipes 6. The pipe diameter of the branch ventilation pipes 6 is 20cm, as shown in fig. 2, each branch ventilation pipe 6 is provided with vent holes every 50cm, the aperture of each vent hole is 8cm, each vent hole is provided with an aeration nozzle 8, and the aeration nozzles 8 are arranged in an inclined manner at an angle of 45 degrees. The slope sets up and can avoid rubbish to block up betterly, and can improve the contact rate of air and bottom rubbish for after the bottom rubbish carries out abundant fermentation earlier, progressively goes on to the upper strata by the bottom again, is favorable to landfill leachate's collection, accelerates the circulation of air. Meanwhile, the bottom layer garbage can generate larger heat quickly, the water evaporation of the upper layer garbage is promoted, and the biological drying efficiency is further improved.
The tail gas discharged from the tunnel kiln type drying chamber 1 is discharged through an odor collecting and treating device which is connected with an odor collecting pipeline 16, and the odor collecting and treating device comprises a heat exchanger 14 and a chemical washing tower 18 which are sequentially connected with the odor collecting pipeline 16, and a cooling tower 1 which is connected with the heat exchanger 14. The chemical washing tower 18 is arranged on the side surface of the tunnel kiln type drying bin 1 to reduce the laying of pipelines. The inlet and outlet of the cooling tower 13 are connected with a heat exchanger 14, and the tail gas cooled by the cooling tower 13 in the heat exchanger 14 is respectively introduced into a washing tower 18 by an induced draft fan 17 and introduced into a ventilation pipeline by an air blower 5 through the lower end of the side wall of the tunnel kiln type drying bin 1.
The top of the tunnel kiln type drying bin 1 is provided with an automatic ventilation control device, the automatic ventilation control device comprises a temperature sensor 12, and the temperature sensor 12 controls the opening degree of the air blower 5 through a PLC automatic control system. The air blower 5 is also communicated with the atmosphere, the air entering the tunnel kiln type drying bin 1 from the air blower 5 comprises recycled air and atmosphere, the air and the atmosphere are introduced by a pipeline, the air is introduced into the ventilating pipeline through the lower end of the side wall of the tunnel kiln type drying bin 1, the air is aerated into the tunnel kiln type drying bin 1 through the aeration nozzle 8, the circulating air quantity is kept unchanged, namely the tail gas quantity introduced into the heat exchanger 14 from the tunnel kiln type drying bin 1 is equal to the air quantity introduced into the ventilating pipeline from the air blower 5.
Condensed water generated by cooling in the heat exchanger 14 through the cooling tower 13 is introduced into the sewage collecting device through the condensate collecting pipeline 15, in addition, the sewage collecting device is arranged outside the tunnel kiln type drying bin 1, and a small amount of landfill leachate generated in the tunnel kiln type drying bin 1 is also introduced into the sewage collecting device through the main ventilation pipe 7. The sewage collecting device comprises a sewage collecting tank 9, a drainage pump 10 and a sewage treatment assembly 11, sewage in the sewage collecting tank 9 is discharged into the sewage treatment assembly 11 through the drainage pump 10 for treatment, and the sewage is treated to reach the standard and then is recycled by a drying system cooling tower.
The utility model adopts the tunnel kiln type drying bin 1 to replace the traditional conveying mode of combining a travelling crane and a belt conveyor, shortens the garbage conveying and transferring process, and reduces the equipment investment cost and the garbage drying operation treatment cost. Before the garbage is dried, the garbage needs to be pre-crushed and mechanically deironing, so that the components and the size of the garbage are uniform, and the drying efficiency is improved. The blast aeration device arranged at the bottom of the tunnel kiln type drying bin 1 can increase the aeration area as much as possible, improve the aeration efficiency, ensure the sufficient fermentation of perishable organic matters in a short time, and accelerate the volatilization of moisture in the garbage. The sewage and waste gas generated in the drying process are recycled or discharged after being subjected to statistical collection treatment and reaching the standard, so that the secondary pollution to the environment is avoided, the cyclic utilization rate is improved, the odor treatment capacity is reduced, and the treatment cost is effectively reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modifications, alterations and equivalent changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A tunnel kiln type biological drying system for garbage is characterized by comprising a tunnel kiln type drying bin (1),
one side of the tunnel kiln type drying bin (1) is provided with a material inlet and outlet and a bin door (2) for sealing the material inlet and outlet;
a blast aeration device is paved at the bottom of the tunnel kiln type drying bin (1); the blast aeration device comprises a ventilation pipeline and a plurality of aeration nozzles (8) arranged on the ventilation pipeline;
the tunnel kiln type drying bin (1) is connected with an automatic ventilation control device; the automatic ventilation control device comprises a temperature sensor (12) arranged in the tunnel kiln type drying bin (1);
the tunnel kiln type drying bin (1) is connected with an odor collecting and treating device through an odor collecting pipeline (16); the odor collecting and treating device comprises a heat exchanger (14) and a chemical washing tower (18) which are sequentially connected to an odor collecting pipeline (16), and a cooling tower (13) connected with the heat exchanger (14); the heat exchanger (14) is connected with a sewage collecting device through a condensate collecting pipeline (15); the sewage collecting device is arranged outside the tunnel kiln type drying bin (1) and communicated with the ventilating duct.
2. The tunnel kiln type garbage bio-drying system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tail gas cooled by the cooling tower (13) in the heat exchanger (14) is introduced into the chemical washing tower (18) by an induced draft fan (17).
3. The tunnel kiln type biological drying system for garbage as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the ventilation duct blows air by an air blower (5) installed on the drying chamber body of the tunnel kiln type drying chamber (1).
4. The tunnel kiln type biological drying system for garbage as claimed in claim 3, wherein the blower (5) is in communication with the atmosphere.
5. The biological drying system for tunnel kiln type garbage according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation duct comprises a plurality of ventilation branch pipes (6) arranged in parallel and a ventilation main pipe (7) connected with the ventilation branch pipes (6).
6. The biological drying system for tunnel kiln type garbage according to claim 5, characterized in that the ventilation branch pipes (6) are provided with a plurality of aeration nozzles (8).
7. The tunnel kiln type biological drying system for garbage as claimed in claim 6, wherein the aeration nozzle (8) is arranged to be inclined upwards by 45-60 degrees along the horizontal direction.
8. The biological drying system for tunnel kiln type garbage according to claim 7, characterized in that the sewage collecting device comprises a sewage collecting tank (9), a drainage pump (10) and a sewage treatment assembly (11) which are connected with the sewage collecting tank (9) in sequence.
9. The tunnel kiln type biological drying system for the garbage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tunnel kiln type drying bin (1) is externally provided with a crushing and sorting device (3); the crushing and sorting device (3) comprises a pre-crushing component and a mechanical iron removal component which are sequentially connected; is transported between the crushing and sorting device (3) and the tunnel kiln type drying bin (1) through a forklift (4).
10. The tunnel kiln type garbage biological drying system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tunnel kiln type drying bin (1) is provided with a heat insulation layer and the bin body is sealed at the periphery; the bin gate (2) is a hydraulic side opening gate.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202122772538.2U CN216460820U (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Tunnel kiln type garbage biological drying system |
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| CN202122772538.2U CN216460820U (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Tunnel kiln type garbage biological drying system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114522968A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-05-24 | 杭州科晟能源技术有限公司 | Tunnel kiln type garbage biological drying system and method |
| CN115823860A (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-03-21 | 北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司 | Drying pretreatment system for sorted garbage screening materials |
-
2021
- 2021-11-12 CN CN202122772538.2U patent/CN216460820U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114522968A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-05-24 | 杭州科晟能源技术有限公司 | Tunnel kiln type garbage biological drying system and method |
| CN115823860A (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-03-21 | 北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司 | Drying pretreatment system for sorted garbage screening materials |
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