CN110240497B - Sunlight composting room for promoting temperature rise of pile by utilizing heat generated by solar heating lamp and method thereof - Google Patents
Sunlight composting room for promoting temperature rise of pile by utilizing heat generated by solar heating lamp and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110240497B CN110240497B CN201910562271.9A CN201910562271A CN110240497B CN 110240497 B CN110240497 B CN 110240497B CN 201910562271 A CN201910562271 A CN 201910562271A CN 110240497 B CN110240497 B CN 110240497B
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- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sunlight composting room for promoting the temperature rise of a pile by utilizing heat generated by a solar heating lamp and a method thereof. The composting room consists of a sunlight composting room body, a solar heating lamp, a solar ultraviolet lamp, a temperature sensor, a gas concentration sensor, a percolate collecting and treating device, an odor collecting and treating device, a stirring device and the like. The solar panel converts solar energy into electric energy and provides electric energy for the electricity-requiring device in the house; the temperature sensor and the gas concentration sensor can respectively detect the temperature and the odor concentration in the room; the turning device and the aeration device turn piles and aerate at regular time; the percolate collecting port at the bottom of the composting room is connected with the percolate collecting and treating device. The solar warm lamp sunlight composting room can efficiently utilize solar energy to rapidly and uniformly heat the pile body, accelerate the composting process, improve the composting effect, has low cost and simple and convenient operation, and can be widely applied to rural household garbage treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of household garbage treatment, in particular to a household garbage composting facility, and specifically relates to a sunlight composting room for promoting the temperature rise of a heap by utilizing heat generated by a solar heating lamp.
Background
The aerobic composting is a biochemical process of decomposing and utilizing organic components in waste by utilizing indigenous aerobic microorganisms or exogenous aerobic microorganisms under the aerobic condition, so that the heap is quickly warmed up, and the heap is converted into decomposed and stable organic fertilizer through humification. The sunlight composting room is one of the aerobic composting technologies, traditional aerobic composting only heats up a composting body by sunlight, the composting effect is not ideal, the composting period is long, the composting quality is poor, most of the existing sunlight composting rooms are not provided with percolate treatment devices and odor collection treatment devices, and secondary pollution can be caused in the composting process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior composting technology, the invention provides the sunlight composting room which utilizes the solar energy heating lamps to generate heat to promote the temperature rise of the composting body, and on the basis of fully utilizing solar energy resources and saving the running cost, the purposes of quickly and uniformly heating the composting body, accelerating the composting process, thoroughly killing pathogenic bacteria and parasitic ova and improving the composting quality can be achieved. The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a sunlight composting room for promoting the temperature rise of a pile by utilizing heat generated by a solar heating lamp comprises a garbage feeding and crushing device, a sunlight composting room body, a percolate collecting and treating system, an odor collecting and treating device, a pile turning device, an aeration system and a solar power supply device; the garbage feeding and crushing device comprises a garbage feeding device and a garbage crushing device, wherein the tail end of the garbage feeding device is connected with a feeding hole of the garbage crushing device, and a discharging hole of the garbage crushing device is connected with a garbage feeding hole of a sunlight composting room body through a conveyor belt and is used for conveying crushed garbage into the sunlight composting room body; the top of the sunlight composting room body is provided with a transparent sunlight composting room roof, and the side wall of the sunlight composting room body is provided with a garbage discharge hole; the solar heating lamp and the solar ultraviolet lamp are arranged on the inner wall of the sunlight composting room body and are respectively used for heating and sterilizing the garbage composting room body; a temperature sensor and a gas concentration sensor are also arranged above the pile body in the sunlight composting room body; the odor collecting and treating device is arranged outside the sunlight composting room body, and an air inlet of the odor collecting and treating device is communicated with the inside of the sunlight composting room body through an air exhaust pipeline with an induced draft fan; the turning device is hung in the center of the sunlight composting room body through a fixing rod and extends into the composting body; the percolate collecting and processing system comprises a filter screen and a percolate collecting and processing device, wherein the filter screen is suspended at the inner bottom of the sunlight composting room body through a filter screen support frame, a drainage slope is arranged below the filter screen support frame, a percolate outlet is formed in the side wall of the sunlight composting room body, which is close to the bottom of the drainage slope, and the percolate outlet is connected with a liquid inlet of the percolate collecting and processing device through a pipeline; the aeration system consists of an aeration device and a ventilation pipeline, the ventilation pipeline is arranged between the filter screen and the drainage slope, and an air inlet of the ventilation pipeline is connected with the aeration device outside the sunlight composting room body; the solar power supply device comprises a storage battery and a solar panel which are connected, wherein the solar panel is arranged outside a sunlight composting room body and is used for converting solar energy into electric energy and storing the electric energy into the storage battery to supply power for power consumption equipment.
Preferably, the bottom of the garbage crushing device is provided with a garbage collection slope, and the bottom end of the conveying belt is positioned at the lowest point of the garbage collection slope; the inclination angle of the conveyor belt is 30-45 degrees.
Preferably, the sunlight composting room roof is made of hollow toughened glass, and adopts slope design, and the inclination angle is 15-30 degrees.
Preferably, the solar heating lamp and the solar ultraviolet lamp are wall-mounted.
Preferably, the turning device comprises two stirring blades made of stainless steel, and the stirring blades are driven to rotate by a motor.
Preferably, the pore diameter of the filter screen is 2mm, and the filter screen support frame are made of stainless steel.
Preferably, the drainage ramp is inclined to the percolate outlet at an angle of 15-20 °.
Preferably, the aeration device is a blower, the ventilation pipeline is made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipes, a round hole with the diameter of 10mm is formed in the ventilation pipeline every 4cm for ventilation, and the round holes are formed in the left side and the right side of the ventilation pipeline.
Preferably, the sunlight composting house body is built by heat-insulating waterproof materials, and scales are arranged on the inner wall of the house body.
The invention further aims to provide a solar heating lamp heat generation promotion composting method for a sunlight composting room based on any scheme, which comprises the following steps:
1) After sorting and removing impurities from garbage to be composted, conveying the garbage to a garbage crushing device through a garbage feeding device for crushing, conveying the crushed garbage to a sunlight composting room body through a garbage collecting slope, and starting composting after the optimal composting capacity of the composting room is reached;
2) In the composting process, sunlight irradiates onto a pile body through the top of a transparent sunlight composting room to raise the temperature of the pile body in the sunlight composting room, and electric energy converted by a solar panel is stored in a storage battery to supply power to a solar heating lamp so as to raise the temperature of the pile body; when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the sunlight composting room body reaches the upper limit of the temperature in the current composting stage, the solar heating lamp is turned off to stop heating; when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the sunlight composting room body is reduced to the lower limit of the temperature in the current composting stage, a solar heating lamp is started for heating;
3) In the composting process, the height of the heap is recorded regularly through scales arranged on the inner wall of a sunlight composting room body, so that the reduction condition of the heap is calculated, and the method is used for indirectly analyzing the composting process and the composting effect;
4) For the odor generated in the composting process, after the gas concentration sensor detects that the concentration of the odor in the sunlight composting room reaches the upper limit value, starting the induced draft fan to suck the odor in the sunlight composting room into the odor collecting and treating device for treatment; when the gas concentration sensor detects that the odor concentration in the sunlight room reaches the lower limit value, the induced draft fan is closed to stop odor collection;
5) The percolate generated in the composting process is drained into a percolate collecting and treating device for treatment after being filtered downwards by a filter screen and collected by drainage slope;
6) After the composting stage is completed, a solar ultraviolet lamp is started to irradiate the inside of the sunlight composting room so as to thoroughly kill residual pathogenic bacteria and parasitic ova in the sunlight composting room, improve the quality of the composting products, and then a garbage discharge port is opened to take out the decomposed composting products.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The rural household garbage is crushed and pretreated, so that the composting process is more favorably carried out, leachate and odor generated in the composting process are treated efficiently by adopting certain measures, the surrounding environment is prevented from being polluted, and the decomposed product after composting can be used as a biological organic fertilizer to be applied to farmlands or used as a soil conditioner to improve soil, so that the harmless, reduction and recycling of the household garbage are truly realized.
2) The temperature sensor and the gas concentration sensor are arranged in the sunlight composting room, the temperature and the odor concentration in the composting room can be monitored in real time, the on-off of the solar heating lamp and the induced draft fan are further controlled, the composting process is managed, the composting is regularly carried out under the optimal condition and is ventilated, the efficient and reasonable utilization of energy sources can be realized, after the composting is finished, the ultraviolet lamp is started to irradiate, pathogenic bacteria and parasitic ova in the composting body are thoroughly killed, and the composting quality is further improved.
3) The sunlight composting room is built by adopting heat-insulating waterproof materials, so that the household garbage composting room not only has a good heat-insulating effect, but also can prevent the erosion of moisture and percolate in the household garbage pile body, prolongs the service life of the sunlight composting room, and has good sunlight collecting, heat-insulating and safety protecting effects due to the fact that the roof of the sunlight composting room is made of hollow toughened glass and is designed by adopting a slope.
4) The scale is arranged in the composting room, the reduction condition of the composting body is recorded at any time, the composting effect of the composting body is indirectly analyzed, the stainless steel frame is arranged under the filter screen at the bottom of the sunlight composting room, and the stainless steel filter screen has a good protection and support effect.
In summary, the sunlight composting room for promoting the temperature rise of the composting body by utilizing the heat generated by the solar heating lamps has long service life, can fully and reasonably utilize natural resources, saves the operation cost, can quickly and uniformly heat the composting body by adopting the heating lamps, realizes the intelligent management and control of the composting process, adopts a series of subsequent treatment methods to prevent the surrounding environment from being polluted, is simple and convenient to operate, and is an environment-friendly household garbage treatment facility suitable for large-scale popularization and use in rural areas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a sunlight composting room which utilizes solar energy heating lamps to generate heat to promote the temperature rise of a heap.
Reference numerals in the drawings: the garbage feeding device 1, the garbage crushing device 2, the garbage collection slope 3, the sunlight composting room roof 4, the sunlight composting room body 5, the solar cell panel 6, the storage battery 7, the solar energy heating lamp 8, the solar energy ultraviolet lamp 9, the turning device 10, the induced draft fan 11, the garbage feeding hole 12, the garbage discharging hole 13, the percolate collection and treatment device 14, the odor collection and treatment device 15, the temperature sensor 16, the gas concentration sensor 17, the filter screen 18, the filter screen support frame 19, the ventilation pipeline 20, the drainage slope 21 and the aeration device 22.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a solar composting room for promoting the temperature rise of a heap by using heat generated by a solar heating lamp comprises a garbage feeding and crushing device, a solar composting room body 5, a percolate collecting and treating system, an odor collecting and treating device 15, a turning device 10, an aeration system and a solar power supply device. The garbage feeding and crushing device comprises a garbage feeding device 1 and a garbage crushing device 2, wherein the tail end of the garbage feeding device 1 is connected with a feeding hole of the garbage crushing device 2. In this embodiment, the waste feeding device 1 is implemented by using a conveyor belt inclined upward; the garbage crushing device 2 can be a vertical or horizontal garbage crushing device, a feed inlet is formed in the top of the garbage crushing device, and a blanking inlet at the tail end of the garbage feeding device 1 is located right above the feed inlet of the garbage crushing device 2. Thus, rural household garbage to be composted can be conveyed to the garbage crushing device 2 for crushing through the garbage feeding device 1 after materials such as plastics, metal fragments and the like which are incompletely classified are manually separated and removed. The discharge gate of rubbish reducing mechanism 2 passes through the rubbish feed inlet 12 of conveyer belt connection sunshine compost room body 5 for with the rubbish after smashing carry sunshine compost room body 5 in. In this embodiment, the bottom of the garbage crushing device 2 is provided with a garbage collection slope 3, so that crushed garbage can automatically slide to the low point of the slope, the bottom end of the conveying belt is located at the lowest point of the garbage collection slope 3, and garbage sliding from the garbage collection slope 3 can be conveyed upwards by the conveying belt into the sunlight composting room body 5. The inclination angle of the conveyor belt can be set to be 30-45 degrees, and the conveyor belt is adjusted according to the actual layout.
The top of the sunlight composting room body 5 is provided with a transparent sunlight composting room roof 4, the sunlight composting room roof 4 is made of hollow toughened glass, the sunlight composting room roof 4 adopts a slope design, the inclination angle is 15-30 degrees, and smooth water drainage is ensured while smooth incidence of sunlight energy is ensured. A garbage discharge hole 13 is arranged below the side wall of the sunlight composting room body 5.
In the composting process, an external heat source is often required to be added, so that the temperature of the pile body is quickly raised at the initial stage of composting, the composting process is accelerated, and the solar heating lamp 8 can well play the role, and the specific wattage of the solar heating lamp is determined according to the volume of a sunlight composting room. The solar energy warm lamp 8 and the solar energy ultraviolet lamp 9 are wall-hanging type. The solar heating lamp 8 is arranged on a wall at one side of the inside of the sunlight composting room body 5, and the illumination direction of the solar heating lamp faces the garbage stacking body inside and is used for heating the garbage stacking body. The solar ultraviolet lamp 9 is arranged on the inner wall of the sunlight composting room opposite to the solar heating lamp 8, the illumination direction of the solar ultraviolet lamp faces the garbage heap body inside, the solar ultraviolet lamp is used for killing pathogenic bacteria and parasitic ova remained in the composting period, and the specific wattage of the solar ultraviolet lamp is determined according to the volume of the sunlight composting room. A temperature sensor 16 and a gas concentration sensor 17 are also arranged above the pile in the sunlight composting room body 5, the temperature sensor 16 is used for detecting the composting temperature in the room, and the gas concentration sensor 17 is used for detecting the odor concentration in the room. The gas concentration sensor 17 may employ a malodorous gas sensor, and preferably an integrated sensor capable of detecting various malodorous gas components. The specific gas species detected may be one or more of ammonia, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, methane, methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, carbon disulfide, styrene gas, and the like. The odor collection and treatment device 15 is arranged outside the sunlight composting room body 5, and can adopt ion deodorization equipment, biological deodorization equipment or photocatalysis deodorization equipment and the like. The air inlet of the odor collection and treatment device 15 is communicated with the inside of the sunlight composting room body 5 through an air exhaust pipeline with an induced draft fan 11, and the odor exhaust port of the sunlight composting room body 5 is preferably arranged on the sunlight composting room roof 4. The sunlight composting house body 5 is built by heat-insulating waterproof materials, and scales are arranged on the inner wall of the house body so as to read the height of the composting body.
In the composting process, in order to uniformly heat the pile, the pile needs to be turned over periodically, so that the turning device 10 needs to be arranged. In this embodiment, the stacking apparatus 10 adopts a paddle type design, and includes two stirring blades made of stainless steel, and the stirring blades are driven to rotate by a motor. The stirring blade is hung at the center of the sunlight composting room body 5 through a fixed rod and stretches into the composting body, and the stirring blade is driven to turn over the garbage composting body through the rotation of the motor.
During composting, landfill leachate is gradually generated, and the landfill leachate is required to be discharged out of the heap and subjected to subsequent treatment, so that a leachate collection treatment system is required to be provided, and the leachate collection treatment system comprises a filter screen 18, a filter screen support 19, a drainage slope 21 and a leachate collection treatment device 14. The filter screen 18 is laid on the filter screen support 19, is arranged at the inner bottom of the sunlight composting room body 5 in a suspending manner, the filter screen 18 should cover a cross section of the sunlight composting room body 5, and the distance between the filter screen 18 and the ground inside the sunlight composting room body 5 can be adjusted according to the requirement. The aperture of the filter screen 18 is 2mm, and the filter screen 18 and the filter screen support 19 are made of stainless steel. A drainage slope 21 is arranged below the filter screen support frame 19, a percolate outlet is arranged on the side wall of the sunlight composting room body 5 near the bottom of the drainage slope 21, and the drainage slope 21 inclines towards the percolate outlet, and the inclination angle is 15-20 degrees. The percolate outlet is connected by a pipe to the liquid inlet of the percolate collection and treatment device 14. Percolate produced during composting is collected via a drainage ramp 21 to a percolate outlet location and then discharged into a percolate collection and treatment device 14. The percolate collecting and treating device 14 can adopt a high-efficiency biological treatment device or a deep treatment device such as membrane treatment and the like, and is selected according to the characteristics of the percolate.
In the composting process, in order to enable microorganisms to normally play a role in metabolism and further accelerate the composting process and improve the composting quality, sufficient oxygen in the composting body needs to be ensured, and therefore an aeration system is required to be matched, and the aeration system consists of an aeration device 22 and a ventilation pipeline 20. The ventilating duct 20 is arranged between the filter screen 18 and the drainage slope 21, and an air inlet of the ventilating duct 20 is connected with an aeration device 22 outside the sunlight composting room body 5. In this embodiment, the aeration device 22 is a blower, the ventilation duct 20 is made of PVC pipe, and a circular hole with a diameter of 10mm is formed in the ventilation duct 20 every 4cm for ventilation, and the circular holes are formed in the left and right sides of the ventilation duct 20.
The solar power supply device comprises a storage battery 7 and a solar panel 6 which are connected, wherein the storage battery 7 and the solar panel 6 form a solar power supply and storage system. The solar cell panel 6 is arranged outside the sunlight composting room body 5, and converts solar energy into electric energy when sunlight irradiates, and is used for supplying power to power consumption equipment in the composting room, and the redundant electric quantity is stored in a storage battery for standby. When the solar energy is not used, such as at night, in cloudy days and in rainy days, the power can be supplied through the storage battery. The power consumption equipment in the composting room comprises a solar heating lamp 8, a solar ultraviolet lamp 9, an induced draft fan 11, a temperature sensor 16, a gas concentration sensor 17, an aeration device 22 and the like. Of course, considering the reliability of operation, the device with higher energy consumption can be independently powered by matching with the commercial power, or the device can be powered by mixing with solar energy.
Based on the sunlight composting room, the solar heating lamp heat generation promotion composting method comprises the following steps:
1) After the garbage to be composted is sorted to remove incompletely-classified plastics, metal fragments and other substances unsuitable for composting, the garbage is conveyed to a garbage crushing device 2 through a garbage feeding device 1 to be crushed, the crushed garbage is conveyed to a sunlight composting room body 5 through a garbage collecting slope 3, and composting is started after the optimal composting capacity of the composting room is reached;
2) In the composting process, sunlight irradiates onto the pile body through the transparent sunlight composting room roof 4 to raise the temperature of the pile body in the sunlight composting room body 5, and electric energy converted by the solar cell panel 6 is stored in the storage battery 7 to supply power to the solar heating lamp 8 to raise the temperature of the pile body; when the temperature sensor 16 detects that the temperature in the sunlight composting room body 5 reaches the upper limit of the temperature in the current composting stage, the solar heating lamp 8 is turned off to stop heating; when the temperature sensor 16 detects that the temperature in the sunlight composting room body 5 is reduced to the lower limit of the temperature in the current composting stage, the solar heating lamp 8 is started for heating;
3) In the composting process, the height of the heap is recorded regularly through scales arranged on the inner wall of the sunlight composting room body 5, so that the reduction condition of the heap is calculated, and the method is used for indirectly analyzing the composting process and the composting effect;
4) When the gas concentration sensor 17 detects that the concentration of the odor in the sunlight composting room body 5 reaches the upper limit value, the induced draft fan 11 is started to suck the odor in the sunlight composting room body 5 into the odor collecting and treating device 15 for treatment; when the gas concentration sensor 17 detects that the odor concentration in the sunlight room reaches the lower limit value, the induced draft fan 11 is closed to stop odor collection;
5) The percolate generated in the composting process is drained and collected through a drainage slope 21 after being infiltrated downwards through a filter screen 18 and discharged into a percolate collecting and treating device 14 for treatment;
6) After the composting stage is completed, the solar ultraviolet lamp 9 is started to irradiate the inside of the sunlight composting room body 5 so as to thoroughly kill residual pathogenic bacteria and parasitic ova in the sunlight composting room body, improve the quality of the composting products, and then the garbage discharge port 13 is opened to take out the decomposed composting products.
In the composting process, the process control can be performed manually according to the sampling data of the temperature sensor 16 and the gas concentration sensor 17, and an automatic control device can also be arranged for control. The automatic control device can be realized by adopting a singlechip, a PLC, a DCS and other equipment, the temperature sensor 16 and the gas concentration sensor 17 can be connected with the automatic control equipment to send real-time detection data to a control end, and meanwhile, the controlled equipment (such as a solar heating lamp 8 and a draught fan 11) can also be connected with the automatic control equipment to form a feedback control system.
The sunlight composting room designed by the invention has the following advantages:
rural domestic garbage mainly comprises perishable garbage, and the domestic garbage transported from villages and towns is sorted to remove substances unsuitable for composting, then enters a garbage crushing device 2 through a garbage feeding device 1 to be crushed, is conveyed into a sunlight composting room through a garbage conveying belt, and starts composting after the optimal composting capacity of the composting room is reached. In the composting process, sunlight irradiates onto the pile body through the glass roof 4 on the one hand, the temperature of the pile body in the sunlight composting room is improved, on the other hand, electric energy converted by the solar cell panel 6 supplies power to the warm lamp 8, redundant electric energy is stored in the storage battery 7, the warm lamp generates heat to further improve the temperature of the pile body, the pile body can be heated uniformly by the heat energy, the composting process is accelerated better, when the temperature in the sunlight room reaches the highest temperature required in the current composting stage, the warm lamp is closed to stop heating, and when the temperature in the sunlight room is reduced to the lowest temperature required in the current composting stage, the warm lamp is opened to heat by the temperature sensor 8.
The garbage volume can be gradually reduced along with the composting time, and the rate of reduction of the volume of the pile body is different at different stages of composting, so that the pile body height can be conveniently recorded, the reduction condition of the pile body is calculated, the composting process and the composting effect are indirectly analyzed, and the easily-observed scale is arranged in a sunlight composting room.
In the composting process, a certain amount of odor can be generated, and the odor generation amounts are different in different stages of composting, so that an induced draft fan 11 in an odor collection device does not need to operate from the beginning of composting to the end of composting.
The bottom of the sunlight composting room is provided with a stainless steel filter screen 18, a stainless steel frame 19 is arranged below the stainless steel filter screen 18 and used for supporting and protecting the stainless steel filter screen 18, percolate generated in the composting process permeates downwards through the filter screen and then enters a percolate collecting and processing device through a drainage slope, and after biological treatment, the generated harmless biogas slurry can be applied to farmlands.
After the composting stage is completed, the ultraviolet lamp 9 is turned on to radiate for a certain time to thoroughly kill the residual pathogenic bacteria and parasitic ova in the compost, so that the quality of the compost is improved, and then the discharge port is turned on to take out the decomposed compost products for use in the bio-organic fertilizer, so that the recycling of the household garbage is realized.
The above embodiment is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the core nature of the present invention. Therefore, all the technical schemes obtained by adopting the equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The sunlight composting room is characterized by comprising a garbage feeding and crushing device, a sunlight composting room body (5), a percolate collecting and treating system, an odor collecting and treating device (15), a turning device (10), an aeration system and a solar power supply device; the garbage feeding and crushing device comprises a garbage feeding device (1) and a garbage crushing device (2), wherein the tail end of the garbage feeding device (1) is connected with a feeding hole of the garbage crushing device (2), a discharging hole of the garbage crushing device (2) is connected with a garbage feeding hole (12) of the sunlight composting room body (5) through a conveying belt, and the crushed garbage is conveyed into the sunlight composting room body (5); the top of the sunlight composting room body (5) is provided with a transparent sunlight composting room roof (4), and the side wall is provided with a garbage discharge hole (13); the solar heating lamp (8) and the solar ultraviolet lamp (9) are arranged on the inner wall of the sunlight composting house body (5) and are respectively used for heating and sterilizing the garbage stack body; a temperature sensor (16) and a gas concentration sensor (17) are also arranged above the pile in the sunlight composting house body (5); the odor collection and treatment device (15) is arranged outside the sunlight composting room body (5), and an air inlet hole of the odor collection and treatment device (15) is communicated with the inside of the sunlight composting room body (5) through an air exhaust pipeline with an induced draft fan (11); the turning device (10) is hung in the center of the sunlight composting house body (5) through a fixed rod and extends into the composting body; the percolate collecting and treating system comprises a filter screen (18) and a percolate collecting and treating device (14), wherein the filter screen (18) is suspended and arranged at the inner bottom of a sunlight composting room body (5) through a filter screen supporting frame (19), a drainage slope (21) is arranged below the filter screen supporting frame (19), a percolate outlet is formed in the side wall of the sunlight composting room body (5) close to the bottom of the drainage slope (21), and the percolate outlet is connected with a liquid inlet of the percolate collecting and treating device (14) through a pipeline; the aeration system consists of an aeration device (22) and a ventilation pipeline (20), wherein the ventilation pipeline (20) is arranged between the filter screen (18) and the drainage slope (21), and an air inlet of the ventilation pipeline (20) is connected with the aeration device (22) outside the sunlight composting house body (5); the solar power supply device comprises a storage battery (7) and a solar cell panel (6) which are connected, wherein the solar cell panel (6) is arranged outside the sunlight composting room body (5) and is used for converting solar energy into electric energy and storing the electric energy into the storage battery (7) to supply power for power consumption equipment; the power consumption equipment comprises a solar heating lamp (8), a solar ultraviolet lamp (9), an induced draft fan (11), a temperature sensor (16), a gas concentration sensor (17) and an aeration device (22);
the bottom of the garbage crushing device (2) is provided with a garbage collection slope (3), and the bottom end of the conveying belt is positioned at the lowest point of the garbage collection slope (3); the inclination angle of the conveyor belt is 30-45 degrees;
the sunlight composting house body (5) is built by heat-insulating waterproof materials, and scales are arranged on the inner wall of the house body so as to read the height of the stacking body;
the temperature sensor (16) and the gas concentration sensor (17) can monitor the temperature and the odor concentration in the composting room in real time, so as to control the on-off of a solar heating lamp and an induced draft fan and realize the management of composting process; the gas concentration sensor (17) adopts an integrated sensor capable of detecting a plurality of malodorous gas components.
2. The sunlight composting house for promoting the temperature rise of the pile by utilizing heat generated by a solar heating lamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sunlight composting house is characterized in that: the sunlight composting room roof (4) is made of hollow toughened glass, the sunlight composting room roof (4) adopts a slope design, and the inclination angle is 15-30 degrees.
3. The sunlight composting house for promoting the temperature rise of the pile by utilizing heat generated by a solar heating lamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sunlight composting house is characterized in that: the solar heating lamp (8) and the solar ultraviolet lamp (9) are wall-mounted.
4. The sunlight composting house for promoting the temperature rise of the pile by utilizing heat generated by a solar heating lamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sunlight composting house is characterized in that: the turning device (10) comprises two stirring blades made of stainless steel, and the stirring blades are driven by a motor to rotate.
5. The sunlight composting house for promoting the temperature rise of the pile by utilizing heat generated by a solar heating lamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sunlight composting house is characterized in that: the aperture of the filter screen (18) is 2mm, and the filter screen (18) and the filter screen supporting frame (19) are made of stainless steel.
6. The sunlight composting house for promoting the temperature rise of the pile by utilizing heat generated by a solar heating lamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sunlight composting house is characterized in that: the drainage slope (21) is inclined towards the percolate outlet, and the inclination angle is 15-20 degrees.
7. The sunlight composting house for promoting the temperature rise of the pile by utilizing heat generated by a solar heating lamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sunlight composting house is characterized in that: the aeration device (22) is a blower, the ventilation pipeline (20) is made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipes, a round hole with the diameter of 10mm is formed in the ventilation pipeline (20) every 4cm for ventilation, and the round holes are formed in the left side and the right side of the ventilation pipeline (20).
8. A solar heating lamp heat generation promotion pile heating composting method based on a sunlight composting room as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) after sorting and removing impurities, conveying the garbage to be composted to a garbage crushing device (2) through a garbage feeding device (1) for crushing, conveying the crushed garbage to a sunlight composting room body (5) through a garbage collecting slope (3), and starting composting after the optimal composting capacity of the composting room is reached;
2) In the composting process, sunlight irradiates onto a pile body through a transparent sunlight composting room roof (4) to raise the temperature of the pile body in the sunlight composting room body (5), and electric energy converted by a solar cell panel (6) is stored in a storage battery (7) to supply power to a solar heating lamp (8) so as to raise the temperature of the pile body; when the temperature sensor (16) detects that the temperature in the sunlight composting house body (5) reaches the upper limit of the temperature in the current composting stage, the solar heating lamp (8) is turned off to stop heating; when the temperature sensor (16) detects that the temperature in the sunlight composting house body (5) is reduced to the lower limit of the temperature in the current composting stage, a solar heating lamp (8) is started for heating;
3) In the composting process, the height of the heap is recorded regularly through scales arranged on the inner wall of a sunlight composting house body (5), so that the reduction condition of the heap is calculated, and the method is used for indirectly analyzing the composting process and the composting effect;
4) When the gas concentration sensor (17) detects that the concentration of the odor in the sunlight composting room body (5) reaches the upper limit value, the induced draft fan (11) is started to suck the odor in the sunlight composting room body (5) into the odor collecting and treating device (15) for treatment; when the gas concentration sensor (17) detects that the odor concentration in the sunlight room reaches the lower limit value, the induced draft fan (11) is closed to stop odor collection;
5) The percolate generated in the composting process is drained into a percolate collecting and treating device (14) for treatment through a drainage slope (21) after being infiltrated downwards through a filter screen (18);
6) After the composting stage is completed, a solar ultraviolet lamp (9) is started to irradiate the inside of a sunlight composting house body (5) so as to thoroughly kill residual pathogenic bacteria and parasitic ova in the sunlight composting house body and improve the quality of composting products, and then a garbage discharge port (13) is opened to take out the decomposed composting products.
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