CN111116248B - Composting reactor capable of automatically adding composite microbial agent and method thereof - Google Patents
Composting reactor capable of automatically adding composite microbial agent and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111116248B CN111116248B CN202010125050.8A CN202010125050A CN111116248B CN 111116248 B CN111116248 B CN 111116248B CN 202010125050 A CN202010125050 A CN 202010125050A CN 111116248 B CN111116248 B CN 111116248B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a composting reactor capable of automatically adding a composite microbial agent and a composting method. The composting reactor consists of an aerobic composting bin, a percolate filter screen, a ventilation device, a temperature sensor, a stirring device, an exhaust port and the like. The solar panel converts solar energy into electric energy and provides electric energy for an electric device needed by the integrated composting reactor; the compound microorganism bacterial liquid staged adding device is used for respectively adding the high-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid and the medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid at different stages of composting; the temperature sensor and the liquid level sensor can respectively detect the temperature in the compost bin and the liquid level of the bacterial liquid in the bacterial liquid pool; the turning device and the aeration device turn piles and aerate at regular time. The composting reactor capable of automatically adding the composite microbial inoculum can automatically perform bacterial liquid adding, turning and aeration in the composting process, simultaneously utilizes solar energy to supply power for the device, saves labor and energy, can effectively accelerate the composting process, improves the composting effect, is simple and convenient to operate, and can be widely applied to rural household garbage treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of household garbage treatment and resource utilization, in particular to an aerobic composting device and method, and specifically relates to a composting reactor capable of automatically adding a composite microbial agent and a composting method.
Background
With the improvement of the living standard of rural residents in China, the generation amount of household garbage is larger and larger, and the treatment of the household garbage is an increasingly focused problem facing the huge generation amount of garbage. In combination with the specific national conditions of China, the aerobic composting is still the best choice for garbage disposal so far, and typical aerobic composting processes mainly comprise strip pile type composting, forced ventilation static pile, trough type composting, reactor composting and the like, wherein the reactor composting has the advantages of short composting period, small occupied area, easy control, less weather influence on the composting process, basically no secondary pollution and the like, but the traditional aerobic composting reactor has large energy consumption and poor economical practicability, and cannot be widely applied to vast rural areas. The nature of the compost is that organic substances which are easy to degrade in the pile are degraded under the action of indigenous or exogenously added aerobic microorganisms, the temperature of the pile is promoted, and the organic substances are gradually converted into biochemical processes of the organic fertilizer with stable decomposition, wherein the microbial activity directly determines the degradation speed and the composting efficiency of the organic substances, so that a plurality of researchers enhance the microbial action in the compost by adding functional degradation microbial agents into the pile. The traditional composite microbial agent is added into a pile body at one time in the initial stage of composting in a manual adding mode, time and labor are wasted, aerobic composting is generally divided into four stages of a heating period, a high temperature period, a cooling period and a decomposing period, after the pile body is heated to the high temperature period rapidly, medium-temperature microorganisms in the composite microbial agent are killed at high temperature, so that the composite microbial agent cannot exert efficacy well in the composting process, the composting effect is adversely affected, and the final composting quality is further affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior composting technology, the invention provides the composting reactor for automatically adding the composite microbial agent, and on the basis of fully utilizing solar energy resources and saving operation cost, the control equipment realizes the staged automatic adding of the medium-temperature composite microbial agent and the high-temperature composite microbial agent, thereby saving time and labor, and enabling the composite microbial agent to better exert the effects of the composite microbial agent in different stages of composting, and achieving the purpose of improving the composting quality.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a composting reactor capable of automatically adding composite microbial agents comprises a composite microbial liquid staged automatic adding device and an aerobic composting reactor;
the main body of the compound microorganism bacterial liquid staged automatic feeding device is a medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid tank and a high-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid tank, and the two bacterial liquid tanks are separated by a liquid separation baffle; in each bacterial liquid pool, a bacterial liquid adding port is formed in the top, an infusion hose is arranged in the bacterial liquid pool, a composite microbial bacterial liquid inlet at the front end of the infusion hose is arranged at the bottom of the bacterial liquid pool, the composite microbial bacterial liquid inlet is in a hollow truncated cone shape, the bottom of the truncated cone is attached to the bottom surface of the bacterial liquid pool, the top of the truncated cone is communicated with the front end of the infusion hose, and the side wall of the truncated cone is provided with a filter screen; the water pump for providing power is arranged on the transfusion hose, and the tail end of the transfusion hose extends into the aerobic composting reactor and is connected with the compound microorganism bacterium liquid spraying shower head for spraying the compound microorganism bacterium liquid on the pile body; each bacterial liquid pool is also provided with a liquid level sensor for detecting the liquid level in the pool, and the liquid level sensor in each bacterial liquid pool and the water pump are connected with a bacterial liquid adding control device;
the main body of the aerobic composting reactor is an aerobic composting bin, the outer wall of the aerobic composting bin adopts a double-layer hollow structure, and the hollow layer is internally filled with heat-insulating materials; the aerobic composting bin is divided into a composting area and a percolate collecting area by a percolate filter screen at the bottom; a ventilation device for regularly ventilating and supplying oxygen to the pile body is arranged in the percolate collecting area, and comprises a blower and a ventilation pipe, wherein the ventilation pipe is connected with the blower for supplying air; the bottom of the percolate collecting area is provided with a percolate drainage sloping plate, and the side wall of the aerobic composting bin at the lowest end of the percolate drainage sloping plate is provided with a percolate collecting opening; the side wall of the composting area is provided with an exhaust port, a feed inlet and a discharge port; a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature in the pile body and a pile turning device for turning the pile body are arranged in the composting zone; the air blower, the two bacterial liquid feeding control devices, the temperature sensor and the turning device are all connected with the total control device to form feedback control.
Preferably, the solar energy storage device further comprises a solar energy power supply device, wherein the solar energy power supply device is formed by connecting a solar cell panel with a storage battery, and the air blower, the two bacterial liquid feeding control devices, the temperature sensor, the turning device and the total control device are all electrically connected with the storage battery.
Preferably, the bacterial liquid feeding control device comprises a medium-temperature composite microbial bacterial liquid automatic feeding control device and a high-temperature composite microbial bacterial liquid automatic feeding control device, and the medium-temperature composite microbial bacterial liquid automatic feeding control device and the high-temperature composite microbial bacterial liquid automatic feeding control device are respectively and independently connected with a water pump and a liquid level sensor in a corresponding bacterial liquid pool.
Preferably, the pore diameter of the filter screen at the side surface of the liquid inlet of the compound microbial liquid is smaller than the size of the caking thallus of the compound microbial liquid.
Preferably, the discharging port, the feeding port and the bacterial liquid adding port are composed of a sealing cover and a handle, and the sealing cover is used for opening or sealing the opening where the sealing cover is positioned under the control of the handle.
Preferably, a liquid level alarm device is arranged in the liquid level sensor and is used for giving an alarm when the liquid level in the tank is lower than the limit value.
Preferably, the turning device consists of stirring blades and a driving motor, wherein the two stirring blades are oppositely arranged at an angle of 180 degrees and are connected with an output shaft of the driving motor through a transmission rod; the temperature sensor is arranged in the hollow rod transmission rod of the turning device.
Preferably, the ventilation device comprises a blower and a ventilation pipe, the ventilation pipe is made of PVC material, the ventilation pipe is led into a percolate collecting area of the aerobic composting bin by a main pipe connected with the blower and then is split into two branch pipes, the two branch pipes are provided with ventilation holes, and the ventilation holes are arranged on the side surfaces of the branch pipes.
Preferably, the outer wall of the aerobic composting bin is made of stainless steel, and the heat insulation material filled in the aerobic composting bin is made of polyurethane heat insulation material; the inclination angle of the percolate drainage inclined plate at the bottom of the aerobic composting bin is 15-20 degrees.
The invention also aims to provide a composting method for automatically adding composite microbial agents based on the composting reactor, which comprises the following steps:
1) Sorting, removing impurities, squeezing, crushing and preprocessing household garbage, and then throwing the household garbage into a composting area of an aerobic composting bin from a feed inlet of a composting reactor until the optimal composting capacity of the aerobic composting bin is reached, and then closing the feed inlet to keep the inside of the bin airtight;
2) At the initial stage of composting, a water pump switch of a high-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid pool is turned on, high-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid is pumped out from a composite microbial bacteria liquid inlet, reaches a composite microbial bacteria liquid spraying shower head through a composite microbial bacteria liquid infusion hose, starts to spray high-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid with set dosage, and then a water pump is turned off by an automatic high-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid feeding control device, and at the same time, a total control device turns on a turning device to turn over a pile body so as to uniformly mix domestic garbage and the high-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid and start composting;
3) In the composting process, a blower ventilates materials in an aerobic composting bin regularly to avoid anaerobic fermentation phenomenon in a composting body, a turning device stirs and turns the composting body regularly to achieve uniform and high-quality composting effect, a temperature sensor detects the temperature in the composting body in real time, when the composting body passes through a heating period and a high-temperature period and goes into a cooling period, the temperature of the composting body is reduced to below 30 ℃, an automatic feeding control device of medium-temperature composite microorganism bacteria liquid starts a water pump of a medium-temperature composite microorganism bacteria liquid pond, a set dose of medium-temperature composite microorganism bacteria liquid starts to be sprayed, then the automatic feeding control device of the medium-temperature composite microorganism bacteria liquid turns off the water pump, meanwhile, a total control device turns on the turning device, uniformly mixed domestic garbage and the medium-temperature composite microorganism bacteria liquid are heated again, the temperature of the composting body starts to be reduced after reaching a small peak value, and the medium-temperature composite microorganism bacteria liquid is not sprayed in the cooling process;
4) The odor generated in the composting process is discharged from the exhaust port of the composting bin and is subjected to centralized treatment, and the generated percolate is downwards permeated through a filter screen and is drained to a percolate collecting port through a drainage sloping plate to be collected in a centralized manner for subsequent treatment;
5) And after composting, opening a discharge hole, taking out thoroughly decomposed materials from the discharge hole, and preparing for starting the next batch of composting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The solar energy is utilized to supply power for the compound microorganism bacterial liquid staged automatic feeding device and the composting reactor, natural resources are fully utilized, the running cost is saved, the problem of high energy consumption of the traditional composting reactor is solved, and the device can be widely applied to rural areas with underdeveloped economy.
2) In the composting process, the medium-temperature compound microbial agent and the high-temperature compound microbial agent are automatically added in stages in the initial composting stage and the temperature reduction stage respectively, so that time and labor are saved, and different types of microbial agents can fully exert the maximum effects in different composting stages, thereby achieving the best composting effect.
3) The compound microorganism fungus liquid inlet adopts round platform shape design, and round platform side is the filter screen, can increase fungus liquid suction area on the one hand, prevents that the inlet from being blockked up, on the other hand can prevent to inhale caking thallus, blocks up compound microorganism fungus liquid shower nozzle, and in addition, compound microorganism fungus liquid inlet and shower nozzle all adopt detachable form to regularly wash.
4) Handles are arranged on the sealing covers of the garbage discharge port, the material inlet and the medium-high temperature compound microorganism bacterium liquid adding port of the aerobic composting bin so as to facilitate the opening and closing of the handles.
5) In addition, the side wall of the aerobic composting bin adopts a double-layer hollow design, and polyurethane heat-insulating materials are filled in the side wall of the aerobic composting bin, so that the temperature loss of the composting body can be effectively prevented.
In summary, the composting reactor capable of automatically adding the composite microbial agent can fully and reasonably utilize natural resources, save running cost, realize staged automatic adding intelligent management control of the microbial agent in the composting process, save time and labor, and is simple and convenient to operate, and the microbial agent can exert the maximum effect of the microbial agent, so that an ideal composting effect is achieved, and the composting reactor is environment-friendly household garbage treatment equipment suitable for large-scale popularization and use in rural areas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a composting reactor for automatically adding a composite microbial agent.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of an aerobic composting silo of the composting reactor.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a specific construction of a ventilation pipe of the ventilation device.
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a composite microbial pool.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the connection of the composite microbial liquid inlet and the composite microbial liquid infusion hose.
Reference numerals in the drawings: the solar cell panel 1, the storage battery 2, the total control device 3, the blower 4, the feed inlet handle 5, the feed inlet sealing cover 6, the bacterial liquid adding port handle 7, the bacterial liquid adding port sealing cover 8, the composite bacterial liquid inlet 9, the composite bacterial liquid transfusion hose 10, the water pump 11, the automatic feeding control device 12 for the middle-temperature composite bacterial liquid, the liquid level sensor 13, the composite bacterial liquid shower head 14, the temperature sensor 15, the turning device 16, the automatic feeding control device 17 for the high-temperature composite bacterial liquid, the middle-temperature composite bacterial liquid pool 18, the middle-temperature composite bacterial liquid transfusion tube outlet 18-1, the middle-temperature composite bacterial liquid transfusion tube inlet 18-2, the high-temperature composite bacterial liquid transfusion tube inlet 19-1, the high-temperature composite bacterial liquid transfusion tube outlet 19-2, the composting bin exhaust port 20, the aerobic bin 21, the discharging port 22, the discharging port 23, the filter screen 24, the sealing cover 25, the ventilation port 25-1, the percolate collecting port 26, the percolate collecting port 28 and the percolate collecting port of the percolate board.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a composting reactor for automatically adding a composite microbial agent is provided, and the reactor mainly comprises a device for automatically adding a composite microbial agent in stages and an aerobic composting reactor.
The main body of the device for automatically adding the compound microorganism bacterial liquid in stages is a medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid pool 18 and a high-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid pool 19 which are respectively used for storing the medium-temperature resistant and high-temperature resistant compound microorganism bacterial liquid, and the two bacterial liquid pools are separated by a liquid separation baffle 28. The top of two fungus liquid ponds has all been seted up the fungus liquid and has been added mouthful, is equipped with fungus liquid on the fungus liquid and adds mouthful handle 7 and fungus liquid and add mouthful sealed lid 8, and fungus liquid adds mouthful sealed lid 8 can be sealed the fungus liquid and add mouthful, and fungus liquid adds mouthful handle 7 setting on fungus liquid adds mouthful sealed lid 8 for open fungus liquid according to the operation needs and add mouthful sealed lid 8, add the material in to the fungus liquid pond. The top cover of the medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid pool 18 is also provided with a medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid infusion tube outlet 18-1 and a medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid infusion tube inlet 18-2 for installing an infusion tube. The high-temperature composite microorganism bacterium liquid pool 19 is also provided with a high-temperature composite microorganism bacterium liquid infusion tube inlet 19-1 and a high-temperature composite microorganism bacterium liquid infusion tube outlet 19-2, and is also used for installing an infusion tube.
A group of bacterial liquid automatic feeding devices are respectively arranged in the two bacterial liquid pools, and each group of bacterial liquid automatic feeding device comprises a water pump 11, a composite microbial bacterial liquid inlet 9, a liquid level height sensor 13 and a bacterial liquid feeding control device. In this embodiment, taking the medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterium liquid pool 18 as an example, an infusion hose 10 is arranged in the bacterium liquid pool, and a compound microorganism bacterium liquid inlet 9 at the front end of the infusion hose 10 is arranged at the bottom of the bacterium liquid pool. As shown in fig. 5, the liquid inlet 9 of the compound microorganism bacterium liquid is made into a hollow truncated cone shape, the inside of the liquid inlet is a cavity, the bottom of the truncated cone is attached to the bottom surface of the bacterium liquid pool, the top of the truncated cone is communicated with the front end of the infusion hose 10, and the side surface of the truncated cone is provided with a filter screen, so that on one hand, the area of bacterium liquid suction can be increased, and on the other hand, the blocking of the shower head 15 of the compound microorganism bacterium liquid can be prevented. Therefore, the pore diameter of the filter screen at the side surface of the compound microorganism bacterium liquid inlet 9 is smaller than the size of the caking bacterium of the compound microorganism bacterium liquid. The transfusion hose 10 is provided with a water pump 11 for providing power, and the tail end of the transfusion hose 10 extends into the aerobic composting reactor and is connected with a compound microorganism bacterium liquid spraying shower head 14. Under the power action of the water pump 11, the compound microorganism bacterium liquid is sprayed on the pile body of the compost reaction bin through the transfusion hose 10 and the compound microorganism bacterium liquid spraying shower head 14. The water pump 11 can adopt a peristaltic pump capable of quantitatively conveying so as to control the adding amount of the bacterial liquid. In order to detect the liquid level in the bacterial cell in real time, a liquid level sensor 13 is also specifically disposed in the medium-temperature composite microbial cell 18. A liquid level alarm device can be arranged in the liquid level sensor 13 and used for giving an alarm when the liquid level in the tank is lower than the limit value. When the bacterial liquid in the pool is lower than the limit height, an alarm sound is sent to remind the staff to add the bacterial liquid. And the liquid level sensor 13 in the medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid pool 18 is connected with the water pump 11 and an automatic medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid feeding control device 12, and the automatic medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid feeding control device 12 can receive liquid level data detected by the liquid level sensor 13 and can control the running state of the water pump 11.
Similarly, a group of same automatic bacterial liquid feeding devices are also arranged in the high-temperature composite microbial bacterial liquid tank 19, and are controlled by the automatic high-temperature composite microbial bacterial liquid feeding control device 17, and the automatic high-temperature composite microbial bacterial liquid feeding control device 17 can receive liquid level data detected by the liquid level sensor 13 in the high-temperature composite microbial bacterial liquid tank 19 and can control the running state of the water pump 11 in the high-temperature composite microbial bacterial liquid tank 19.
In the composting process, two groups of automatic bacterial liquid feeding devices in the two bacterial pools independently operate, and the automatic feeding of the composite microbial bacterial liquid in stages is realized by the automatic feeding control device 12 of the middle-temperature composite microbial bacterial liquid and the automatic feeding control device 17 of the high-temperature composite microbial bacterial liquid, so that the full-process automatic operation of the composting is realized. The automatic feeding control device 12 for the medium-temperature composite microorganism bacterial liquid and the automatic feeding control device 17 for the high-temperature composite microorganism bacterial liquid can be realized by adopting equipment such as a singlechip, a PLC (programmable logic controller) and the like, and the connection mode of the automatic feeding control device and the sensor and the water pump can be a wiring mode recommended by the equipment, so long as the control function of the automatic feeding control device can be realized.
The aerobic composting reactor body is an aerobic composting bin 21, the outer wall of the composting bin 21 adopts a double-layer hollow structure, and polyurethane heat-insulating materials are filled in the hollow layer. Considering that the composting environment is a corrosive environment, the outer wall of the aerobic composting bin 21 and the stirring device 16 are made of acid-resistant and alkali-resistant stainless steel materials so as to prolong the service life of the aerobic composting bin. The aerobic composting bin 21 is divided into a composting zone and a percolate collecting zone by a percolate filter screen 24 at the bottom, wherein the percolate filter screen 24 is circumferentially fixed at a certain height from the bottom of the aerobic composting bin 21 and should span the cross section of the whole aerobic composting bin 21. The material is supported by a percolate screen 24, and the mesh size of the percolate screen 24 should be such that the material particles do not fall directly. The composting zone is used for accumulating materials to carry out decomposition reaction, and the percolate collecting zone is mainly used for collecting percolate generated in the composting zone.
In the composting zone, the side wall of the composting zone is provided with an air outlet 20, a feed inlet and a discharge outlet, wherein the air outlet 20 is arranged at the uppermost part of the side wall of one side of the composting zone and is used for discharging odor generated in the composting process. The feed inlet is arranged at the uppermost side wall of the other side of the composting area, and the discharge outlet is arranged below the side wall of the composting area. The temperature sensor 15 and the turning device 16 are respectively used for detecting the temperature in the pile body and regularly turning the pile for the pile body, so that the composting state of the pile body is detected in real time and fed back in time, and the staged addition of the compound microorganism bacterial liquid is controlled. The turning device 16 consists of two acid and alkali resistant stainless steel stirring blades, wherein the two blades are oppositely arranged at an included angle of 180 degrees, are connected with an output shaft of a driving motor through a hollow transmission rod, and are driven to work by the driving motor. The temperature sensor 15 is arranged in the hollow transmission rod of the pile turning device, so that the temperature sensor 15 can be inserted into the pile body to reflect the actual temperature of the pile body, and the temperature sensor 15 can be prevented from being smashed by the stirring blades of the pile turning device 16.
In the percolate collection region, the bottom of the percolate collection region is provided with a percolate drainage sloping plate 26 for draining percolate generated in the composting process so as to facilitate the drainage and collection thereof and the subsequent treatment. The percolate drainage inclined plate 26 is continuously inclined from one side to the other side, the inclination angle is about 15-20 degrees, and the side wall of the aerobic composting bin 21 at the lowest end is provided with a percolate collecting port 27, so that all percolate can be discharged from the percolate collecting port 27. In order to facilitate the feeding and taking out of materials when composting is started and ended, a feed port sealing cover 6 is arranged on the feed port of the aerobic composting bin 21, and a sealing door handle 5 which is convenient for opening and closing the feed port sealing cover is arranged on the feed port sealing cover. Similarly, a discharge port sealing door 22 and a discharge port handle 23 are arranged on the discharge port. In the embodiment, a ventilation device for regularly ventilating and supplying oxygen to the pile body is arranged in the percolate collecting area, the ventilation device comprises a blower 4 and a ventilation pipe 25 for regularly ventilating and supplying oxygen to the pile body, and the ventilation pipe 25 is connected with the blower 4 for supplying air so as to avoid anaerobic fermentation phenomenon in the pile body. The ventilation pipe is made of PVC material, and is divided into two branch pipes after being introduced by a main pipe connected with the blower 4, so that the oxygen supply of the pile body can be ensured to be uniform, and the two branch pipes are provided with ventilation holes 25-1. Because the vent pipe 25 is constantly infiltrated by high concentration leachate, a large amount of impurities may be contained in the leachate, and the vent pipe 25 is easy to be blocked by the seepage due to the fact that the seepage drops on the vent pipe 25, the vent hole 25-1 is preferably opened on the left side and the right side of the branch pipe, and the upper side and the lower side are not opened, so that the blockage of the vent hole 25-1 by the leachate is prevented.
In this embodiment, a total control device 3 is further provided, where the total control device 3 is respectively connected with the blower 4, the automatic feeding control device 12 for medium-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid, the automatic feeding control device 17 for high-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid, the temperature sensor 15, and the turning device 16 to form feedback control, so as to realize overall control of the automatic feeding device for composite microbial bacteria liquid and the aerobic composting reactor in stages.
In addition, in order to fully utilize natural resources and take solar energy as a power source of the whole device, a solar power supply device is particularly arranged, and comprises a solar panel 1 and a storage battery 2 which are connected, wherein a blower 4, an automatic feeding control device 12 for medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid, an automatic feeding control device 17 for high-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid, a temperature sensor 15, a turning device 16 and a total control device 3 are all electrically connected with the storage battery 2. The solar energy is converted into electric energy, so that the electric energy can be used for supplying the electricity requirements of the compound microorganism bacterial liquid staged automatic feeding device and the composting device, and the generated surplus electric energy can be stored in the storage battery 2 for standby, thereby achieving the purposes of energy conservation and consumption reduction. Of course, considering the reliability of operation, when the continuous rainy weather is met, the solar energy can be used for supplying power alone or in combination with the commercial power.
It should be noted that the high-temperature compound microbial liquid and the medium-temperature compound microbial liquid in the invention are respectively prepared from a high-temperature compound microbial agent and a medium-temperature compound microbial agent. In the invention, the medium-temperature compound microbial agent is as follows: the microbial agent is obtained by separating and screening rural perishable household garbage piles at 30 ℃ and prepared by identifying dominant microbial strains which are not antagonistic to each other, and can comprise starch degrading bacteria, fat degrading bacteria, protein degrading bacteria, cellulose degrading bacteria and the like; the high-temperature composite microbial agent is as follows: the microbial agent is obtained by separating and screening rural perishable household garbage piles at 50 ℃, and is prepared from dominant microbial strains which are identified to be not antagonistic to each other, and the microbial agent comprises starch degrading bacteria, fat degrading bacteria, protein degrading bacteria, cellulose degrading bacteria and the like. Of course, in practical use, the medium temperature and the high temperature are relative concepts, and the specific temperature can be properly adjusted according to practical situations, and the specific microbial inoculum can be a commercial product or self-made product.
Based on the composting reactor, the composting method for automatically adding the composite microbial agent in stages can be provided, and the steps are as follows:
1) The household garbage pretreated by sorting, impurity removal, squeezing, crushing and the like is put into the aerobic composting bin 21 from the feed inlet of the composting reactor until the optimal composting capacity of the aerobic composting bin 21 is achieved, and then the feed inlet sealing cover 6 is closed to keep the inside of the bin airtight;
2) At the initial stage of composting, a water pump 11 switch of a high-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid pool 19 is turned on, high-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid is pumped out from a composite microbial bacteria liquid inlet 9, reaches a composite microbial bacteria liquid spraying shower head 14 through a composite microbial bacteria liquid infusion hose 10, starts spraying high-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid with proper dosage, then a high-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid automatic feeding control device 17 turns off the water pump 11, and at the same time, a total control device 3 turns on a turning device 16 to turn over a pile body so as to mix domestic garbage and the high-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid uniformly and start composting;
3) In the composting process, the air blower 4 ventilates materials in the aerobic composting bin 21 regularly to avoid anaerobic fermentation in the composting body, the composting device 16 stirs and turns over the composting body regularly to achieve uniform and high-quality composting effect, the temperature sensor 15 detects the temperature in the composting body in real time, when the composting body passes through a heating period, a high-temperature period and a cooling period, and the temperature of the composting body is reduced to below 30 ℃, the medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid automatic feeding control device starts the water pump 11 of the medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid pool 18, starts spraying the medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid with proper dosage, then the medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid automatic feeding control device 12 turns off the water pump 11, meanwhile, the total control device 3 turns on the composting device 16, uniformly mixes household garbage and the medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid, and then the composting body is heated again to reach a small peak value and starts cooling. In order to prevent the phenomenon of multi-time spraying of the medium-temperature compound microbial bacteria liquid in the composting process of one batch, the automatic medium-temperature compound microbial bacteria liquid adding control device 12 is set to take effect once for the temperature feedback information of the single-batch composting, so that the medium-temperature compound microbial bacteria liquid is not sprayed in the cooling process.
4) The odor generated in the composting process is discharged from the composting bin exhaust port 20 and is subjected to centralized treatment, the generated percolate is downwards permeated through the filter screen 24 and is drained to the percolate collecting port through the drainage sloping plate 26 to be centralized collected for subsequent treatment;
5) After composting, the sealing cover 22 of the discharge hole is opened, and thoroughly decomposed materials are taken out from the discharge hole to prepare for the next batch of composting.
The sunlight composting room designed by the invention has the following advantages:
the solar energy is utilized to supply power for the compound microorganism bacterial liquid staged automatic feeding device and the composting reactor, natural resources are fully utilized, the running cost is saved, the problem of high energy consumption of the traditional composting reactor is solved, and the device can be widely applied to rural areas with underdeveloped economy.
In the composting process, the medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid and the high-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid are automatically added in stages in the initial composting stage and the temperature reduction stage respectively, so that time and labor are saved, and different types of microorganism bacterial agents can fully exert the maximum efficacy in different composting stages, thereby achieving the best composting effect.
The compound microorganism fungus liquid inlet 9 adopts the design of round platform shape, and round platform side is the filter screen, can increase fungus liquid suction area on the one hand, prevents that the inlet from being blockked up, on the other hand can prevent to inhale caking thallus, blocks up compound microorganism fungus liquid shower nozzle, and in addition, compound microorganism fungus liquid inlet 9 and shower nozzle 14 all adopt detachable form to regularly wash.
Handles are arranged on the sealing covers of the garbage discharge port, the material inlet and the medium-high temperature compound microorganism bacterium liquid adding port of the aerobic composting bin so as to facilitate the opening and closing of the handles.
Considering that the aerobic composting is a corrosive environment, the aerobic composting bin 21 and the turning device 16 are made of acid-resistant, alkali-resistant and corrosion-resistant stainless steel materials so as to prolong the service life of the reactor, and besides, the side wall of the aerobic composting bin 21 is made of a double-layer hollow design, and polyurethane heat-insulating materials are filled in the side wall of the aerobic composting bin, so that the temperature loss of the composting body can be effectively prevented.
The above embodiment is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the core nature of the present invention. Therefore, all the technical schemes obtained by adopting the equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A compost reactor for automatically adding composite microbial agents is characterized in that: comprises a compound microorganism bacterial liquid staged automatic feeding device and an aerobic composting reactor;
the main body of the compound microorganism bacterial liquid staged automatic feeding device is a medium-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid tank (18) and a high-temperature compound microorganism bacterial liquid tank (19), and the two bacterial liquid tanks are separated by a liquid separation baffle (28); in each bacterial liquid pond, a bacterial liquid adding port is formed in the top, an infusion hose (10) is arranged in the bacterial liquid adding port, a composite microbial liquid inlet (9) at the front end of the infusion hose (10) is arranged at the bottom of the bacterial liquid pond, the composite microbial liquid inlet (9) is in a hollow truncated cone shape, the bottom of the truncated cone is attached to the bottom surface of the bacterial liquid pond, the top of the truncated cone is communicated with the front end of the infusion hose (10), and the side wall of the truncated cone is a filter screen; the transfusion hose (10) is provided with a water pump (11) for providing power, and the tail end of the transfusion hose (10) stretches into the aerobic composting reactor and is connected with a compound microorganism bacterium liquid spraying shower head (14) for spraying the compound microorganism bacterium liquid on the pile body; each bacterial liquid pool is also provided with a liquid level sensor (13) for detecting the liquid level in the pool, and the liquid level sensor (13) and the water pump (11) in each bacterial liquid pool are connected with a bacterial liquid adding control device;
the main body of the aerobic composting reactor is an aerobic composting bin (21), the outer wall of the aerobic composting bin (21) adopts a double-layer hollow structure, and the hollow layer is internally filled with heat-insulating materials; the aerobic composting bin (21) is divided into a composting area and a percolate collecting area by a percolate filter screen (24) at the bottom; a ventilation device for regularly ventilating and supplying oxygen to the pile body is arranged in the percolate collecting area, the ventilation device comprises a blower (4) and a ventilation pipe (25), and the ventilation pipe (25) is connected with the blower (4) for supplying air; the bottom of the percolate collecting area is provided with a percolate drainage sloping plate (26), and the side wall of the aerobic composting bin (21) at the lowest end of the percolate drainage sloping plate (26) is provided with a percolate collecting port (27); an exhaust port (20), a feed port and a discharge port are arranged on the side wall of the composting zone; a temperature sensor (15) for detecting the temperature in the pile body and a pile turning device (16) for turning the pile body are arranged in the composting zone; the air blower (4), the two bacterial liquid feeding control devices, the temperature sensor (15) and the turning device (16) are connected with the main control device (3) to form feedback control.
2. A composting reactor for automatically adding a composite microbial agent as defined in claim 1 wherein: the solar energy power supply device is formed by connecting a solar cell panel (1) and a storage battery (2), and the air blower (4), the two bacterial liquid adding control devices, the temperature sensor (15), the turning device (16) and the total control device (3) are all electrically connected with the storage battery (2).
3. A composting reactor for automatically adding a composite microbial agent as defined in claim 1 wherein: the bacterial liquid feeding control device comprises a medium-temperature composite microbial bacterial liquid automatic feeding control device (12) and a high-temperature composite microbial bacterial liquid automatic feeding control device (17), and the medium-temperature composite microbial bacterial liquid automatic feeding control device and the high-temperature composite microbial bacterial liquid automatic feeding control device are respectively and independently connected with a water pump (11) and a liquid level sensor (13) in a corresponding bacterial liquid pool.
4. A composting reactor for automatically adding a composite microbial agent as defined in claim 1 wherein: the pore diameter of a filter screen at the side surface of the compound microbial liquid inlet (9) is smaller than the size of caking thalli of the compound microbial liquid.
5. A composting reactor for automatically adding a composite microbial agent as defined in claim 1 wherein: the discharging port, the feeding port and the bacterial liquid adding port are composed of a sealing cover and a handle, and the sealing cover is used for opening or sealing the opening where the sealing cover is positioned under the control of the handle.
6. A composting reactor for automatically adding a composite microbial agent as defined in claim 1 wherein: the liquid level sensor (13) is internally provided with a liquid level alarm device which is used for giving an alarm when the liquid level in the tank is lower than the limit value.
7. A composting reactor for automatically adding a composite microbial agent as defined in claim 1 wherein: the turning device (16) consists of stirring blades and a driving motor, wherein the two stirring blades are oppositely arranged at an angle of 180 degrees and are connected with an output shaft of the driving motor through a transmission rod; the temperature sensor (15) is arranged in a hollow rod transmission rod of the turning device (16).
8. A composting reactor for automatically adding a composite microbial agent as defined in claim 1 wherein: among the ventilation unit, including air-blower (4) and ventilation pipe (25), ventilation pipe (25) adopt the PVC material, and the percolate collection area of introducing good oxygen compost storehouse (21) by the person in charge of connecting air-blower (4) is shunted into two spinal branch pipes again, has the ventilation hole on two spinal branch pipes, and the ventilation hole is opened in the branch pipe side.
9. A composting reactor for automatically adding a composite microbial agent as defined in claim 1 wherein: the outer wall of the aerobic composting bin (21) is made of stainless steel, and the heat preservation material filled in the aerobic composting bin is made of polyurethane heat preservation material; the inclination angle of the percolate drainage inclined plate (26) at the bottom of the aerobic composting bin (21) is 15-20 degrees.
10. A composting method based on the automatic addition of composite microbial agents to a composting reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by the steps of:
1) Sorting, removing impurities, squeezing, crushing and preprocessing household garbage, and then throwing the household garbage into a composting area of an aerobic composting bin (21) from a feed inlet of a composting reactor until the optimal composting capacity of the aerobic composting bin (21) is achieved, and then closing the feed inlet to keep the inside of the bin airtight;
2) At the initial stage of composting, a water pump (11) of a high-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid pool (19) is turned on, high-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid is pumped out from a composite microbial bacteria liquid inlet (9), reaches a composite microbial bacteria liquid spraying shower head (14) through a composite microbial bacteria liquid infusion hose (10), starts to spray high-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid with set dosage, then a high-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid automatic feeding control device (17) turns off the water pump (11), and at the same time, a total control device (3) turns on a turning device (16) to turn over a pile body so as to mix domestic garbage and the high-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid uniformly and start composting;
3) In the composting process, a blower (4) ventilates materials in an aerobic composting bin (21) regularly to avoid anaerobic fermentation phenomenon in the interior of a pile, a pile turning device (16) stirs and turns the pile regularly to achieve uniform and high-quality composting effect, a temperature sensor (15) detects the temperature in the interior of the pile in real time, when the pile passes through a heating period and a high-temperature period and steps into a cooling period, and the temperature of the pile is reduced to below 30 ℃, a water pump (11) of a medium-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid pool (18) is started by an automatic feeding control device of the medium-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid, a set dose of the medium-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid is started to be sprayed, the water pump (11) is closed by the automatic feeding control device of the medium-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid, meanwhile, the pile turning device (16) is opened by a total control device (3), domestic garbage and the medium-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid are uniformly mixed, the pile is heated again after the pile reaches a small peak value, and the temperature is reduced, and the medium-temperature composite microbial bacteria liquid is not sprayed in the cooling process;
4) Odor generated in the composting process is discharged from an exhaust port (20) of a composting bin and is subjected to centralized treatment, and generated percolate is downwards permeated through a filter screen (24) and is drained to a percolate collecting port through a drainage sloping plate (26) to be subjected to centralized collection for subsequent treatment;
5) And after composting, opening a discharge hole, taking out thoroughly decomposed materials from the discharge hole, and preparing for starting the next batch of composting.
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| CN114181001B (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-12-27 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device and use method thereof |
| CN115504824A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2022-12-23 | 重庆理工大学 | Method for performing film-covering composting by film-covering composting device based on intelligent biological regulation and variable aeration |
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