CN110679389A - Lepista nuda planting method - Google Patents
Lepista nuda planting method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
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Abstract
The invention provides a planting method of lepista nuda, which comprises the following steps: a. culturing the mother seeds; b. culturing liquid strains; c. preparing a cultivated species; d. fermenting the cultivation material; e. f, spawn running management; g. fruiting management; h. and (6) harvesting. The invention fully optimizes and combines the liquid and solid strain preparation technology, adopts the enriched PDA culture medium to culture the liquid strain, then inoculates the liquid strain to the wheat solid culture medium in a proper amount to culture the cultivated species, the wheat solid culture strain is overgrown with hypha for about 10 days to be available, and the strain culture time is greatly shortened; the local sorghum straws, cow dung and other raw materials are fully utilized to plant the lepista nuda, and fruiting is started about 25 days after hyphae grows over the covering soil, so that the problem of environmental pollution is solved, byproducts of agriculture and livestock husbandry are recycled, waste is changed into wealth, and the economic income of farmers is increased; simple process, low pollution rate, pure strains, low raw material cost, stable fruiting and high yield, and is suitable for industrialized popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom planting, in particular to a planting method of lepista nuda.
Background
With the rapid development of the liquor industry in Renhuai city, 30 ten thousand mu of organic sorghum is planted in the whole city, and the annual yield of sorghum straws reaches 15 ten thousand tons. The growing up of the cattle raising industry in rural areas causes the cattle manure to rapidly increase in quantity and continuously accumulate, which brings serious harm to the ecological environment and the life of common people. The lilac mushroom is a wild rare medicinal edible mushroom used as medicine and food in Agaricales, Tricholomataceae and Tricholoma, is named together with matsutake and bolete, is delicious and fragrant, contains rich active substances such as vitamins, proteins, polysaccharides and the like, can enhance the immunity of the organism, has multiple effects of resisting cancer, resisting inflammation, inhibiting bacteria, resisting oxidation and the like after being eaten frequently, and has a good cultivation effect on a grass manure decomposed culture medium. The lepista nuda has high research and development values as rare edible and medicinal fungi, but the lepista nuda is mainly collected in the field so far, the natural resources are limited, the quality cannot be guaranteed, and although the lepista nuda strains are artificially cultured at present, the conventional culture method has long fruiting time and low yield and cannot be industrially popularized.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the first objective of the present invention is to provide a method for expanding propagation of mother, liquid and cultivated species of lepista nuda, which greatly shortens the time for seed production; the second purpose is to provide a planting method of the lepista nuda, which is high in yield and good in quality and is suitable for industrial popularization, and the yield of the lepista nuda fresh mushroom can be more than 1000kg per mu. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a. mother seed culture: collecting local wild fresh lilac mushroom fruiting bodies, extracting sterile fruiting bodies by adopting a tissue isolation method, putting the extracted sterile fruiting bodies on a PDA culture medium, culturing for 7-10 days at 20-25 ℃ to obtain mother seeds, and storing in a refrigerator at 4-6 ℃ for later use;
b. liquid strain culture: selecting 3-5 pieces of well grown mother seeds, placing into a conical flask filled with 200mL of enriched PDA liquid culture medium, and culturing for 7-10 days at constant temperature of 25 ℃ on a shaking table and at a rotating speed of 150 r/min to obtain liquid strains; the enriched PDA liquid culture medium comprises the following components: 300 g of potato, 2 g of yeast, 1 g of soytone, 15 g of glucose, 0.3 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water and constant volume to 1000 ml, wherein the pH value is 7.0;
c. preparing cultivars: selecting a 650mL tissue culture bottle, placing a large half bottle of wheat solid culture medium in the tissue culture bottle, sucking 4-7mL liquid strains, transferring the liquid strains to the wheat solid culture medium, fully shaking the wheat culture medium, culturing in a dark environment at the temperature of 25 ℃, and obtaining a cultivated species after 10-12 days of full growth of hypha; the wheat culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 98% of wheat, 1% of calcium carbonate and 1% of gypsum;
d. fermentation of the cultivation material: the cultivation material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-60% of sorghum straw, 35-55% of cow dung, 0.5-1.5% of calcium superphosphate, 0.5-1.5% of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5-2% of gypsum and 0.5-1.5% of lime, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of all the raw materials is 100%; fully absorbing sufficient moisture of sorghum straws, adding other raw materials according to a cultivation formula, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting for 25-30 days, wherein the stacking width is 1.5-2.0 m, the height is 1.2-1.6 m, and turning over materials once every 5 days;
e. sowing: spreading the fermented cultivation material on the ground, with a width of 80-100cm and a thickness of 12-
Sowing the lilac mushroom cultivated species on the surface layer of the cultivation material at 18cm, wherein the using amount of the strain per square meter is 1 jin, covering the surface of the sowed material with a mulching film, and preserving heat, preserving moisture and growing bacteria;
f. spawn running management: the temperature of the spawn running period is 15-28 ℃, the water content of the culture material is 60-65%, the relative humidity of air is 65-75%, the culture material is cultured in a dark place, 2-3 d of lilac mushroom hyphae germinate after inoculation, 12-15d of the lilac mushroom hyphae cover the soil when the hyphae overgrow the surface layer of the culture material, and the thickness of the lilac mushroom hyphae is 2.5-3 cm;
g. and (3) fruiting management: covering soil, and allowing hyphae to climb the covering soil layer for 3-5 days, and requiring the humidity of the covering soil layer to be kept wet; when white mushroom buds appear on the surface of a soil layer, spraying a proper amount of atomized water to the ridge surface in the morning and evening every day, simultaneously ensuring that the humidity of the environment is between 85 and 90 percent, ventilating timely, keeping the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air to be lower than 0.15 percent, adopting scattered light irradiation, and controlling the illumination intensity to be 100Lx-500 Lx;
h. harvesting: harvesting when the sporocarp grows to eighty percent maturity and the pileus is not completely unfolded; and cleaning residual mushroom roots and soil supplementing mushroom holes after picking, performing mushroom fruiting again after hypha is recovered, and harvesting the next tide of mushrooms.
The invention has the following effective effects:
(1) during the preparation of the cultivated species, a proper amount of the liquid strain of the lepista nuda is inoculated into a wheat (solid) culture medium, the whole bottle is full of hypha in about 10 days to obtain the cultivated species, compared with the traditional preparation method, the whole bottle is full of hypha in 15 days in advance, and the solid culture medium is combined with the liquid strain to culture the lepista nuda cultivated species, so that the seed production time is greatly saved, and the economic benefit is obviously improved.
(2) In the culture material fermentation, after the culture material with a specific formula is adopted for fermentation, the lepista nuda strain is broadcast, the surface layer culture material can be overgrown by hypha for about 11 days, fruiting starts about 25 days after soil covering, the average yield of the fresh mushrooms is 2.45 kg/square meter, the yield of the lepista nuda fresh mushrooms can be over 1000kg per mu, the yield is obviously improved, and the lepista nuda culture material is suitable for industrial popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the hypha growth of Lepista nuda in the cultivation material of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is the fruiting map of the Lepista nuda after the cultivation material is covered with soil in the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a planting method of Lepista nuda comprises the following steps:
a. mother seed culture: collecting local wild fresh lilac mushroom fruiting bodies, extracting sterile fruiting bodies by adopting a tissue isolation method, putting the extracted sterile fruiting bodies on a PDA culture medium, culturing for 7-10 days at 20-25 ℃ to obtain mother seeds, and storing in a refrigerator at 4-6 ℃ for later use;
b. liquid strain culture: selecting 3-5 pieces of well grown mother seeds, placing into a conical flask filled with 200mL of enriched PDA liquid culture medium, and culturing for 7-10 days at constant temperature of 25 ℃ on a shaking table and at a rotating speed of 150 r/min to obtain liquid strains; the enriched PDA liquid culture medium comprises the following components: 300 g of potato, 2 g of yeast, 1 g of soytone, 15 g of glucose, 0.3 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water and constant volume to 1000 ml, wherein the pH value is 7.0;
c. preparing cultivars: selecting a 650mL tissue culture bottle, placing a large half bottle of wheat solid culture medium in the tissue culture bottle, sucking 4mL liquid strains, transferring the liquid strains to the wheat solid culture medium, fully shaking the wheat culture medium, culturing in a dark environment at the temperature of 25 ℃, and obtaining a cultivated species after 9-11 days of full growth of hypha; the wheat culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 98% of wheat, 1% of calcium carbonate and 1% of gypsum;
d. fermentation of the cultivation material: the cultivation material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50% of sorghum straw, 46% of cow dung, 1% of calcium superphosphate, 1% of ammonium bicarbonate, 1% of gypsum and 1% of lime, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of all the raw materials is 100%; fully absorbing sufficient moisture of sorghum straws, adding other raw materials according to a cultivation formula, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting for 25-30 days, wherein the stacking width is 1.5-2.0 m, the height is 1.2-1.6 m, and turning over materials once every 5 days;
e. sowing: spreading the fermented cultivation material on the ground, with a width of 80-100cm and a thickness of 12-
Sowing the lilac mushroom cultivated species on the surface layer of the cultivation material at 18cm, wherein the using amount of the strain per square meter is 1 jin, covering the surface of the sowed material with a mulching film, and preserving heat, preserving moisture and growing bacteria;
f. spawn running management: the temperature of the spawn running period is 15-28 ℃, the water content of the culture material is 60-65%, the relative humidity of air is 65-75%, the culture material is cultured in a dark place, 2-3 d of lilac mushroom hyphae germinate after inoculation, 12-15d of the lilac mushroom hyphae cover the soil when the hyphae overgrow the surface layer of the culture material, and the thickness of the lilac mushroom hyphae is 2.5-3 cm;
g. and (3) fruiting management: covering soil, and allowing hyphae to climb the covering soil layer for 3-5 days, and requiring the humidity of the covering soil layer to be kept wet; when white mushroom buds appear on the surface of a soil layer, spraying a proper amount of atomized water to the ridge surface in the morning and evening every day, simultaneously ensuring that the humidity of the environment is between 85 and 90 percent, ventilating timely, keeping the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air to be lower than 0.15 percent, adopting scattered light irradiation, and controlling the illumination intensity to be 100Lx-500 Lx;
h. harvesting: harvesting when the sporocarp grows to eighty percent maturity and the pileus is not completely unfolded; and cleaning residual mushroom roots and soil supplementing mushroom holes after picking, performing mushroom fruiting again after hypha is recovered, and harvesting the next tide of mushrooms.
Example two:
a planting method of Lepista nuda comprises the following steps:
a. mother seed culture: collecting local wild fresh lilac mushroom fruiting bodies, extracting sterile fruiting bodies by adopting a tissue isolation method, putting the extracted sterile fruiting bodies on a PDA culture medium, culturing for 7-10 days at 20-25 ℃ to obtain mother seeds, and storing in a refrigerator at 4-6 ℃ for later use;
b. liquid strain culture: selecting 3-5 pieces of well grown mother seeds, placing into a conical flask filled with 200mL of enriched PDA liquid culture medium, and culturing for 7-10 days at constant temperature of 25 ℃ on a shaking table and at a rotating speed of 150 r/min to obtain liquid strains; the enriched PDA liquid culture medium comprises the following components: 300 g of potato, 2 g of yeast, 1 g of soytone, 15 g of glucose, 0.3 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water and constant volume to 1000 ml, wherein the pH value is 7.0;
c. preparing cultivars: selecting a 650mL tissue culture bottle, placing a large half bottle of wheat solid culture medium in the tissue culture bottle, sucking 5mL liquid strains, transferring the liquid strains to the wheat solid culture medium, fully shaking the wheat culture medium, culturing in a dark environment at the temperature of 25 ℃, and obtaining a cultivated species after 9-11 days of full growth of hypha; the wheat culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 98% of wheat, 1% of calcium carbonate and 1% of gypsum;
d. fermentation of the cultivation material: the cultivation material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 45% of sorghum straw, 50% of cow dung, 1.2% of calcium superphosphate, 1.3% of ammonium bicarbonate, 1.5% of gypsum and 1% of lime, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of all the raw materials is 100%; fully absorbing sufficient moisture of sorghum straws, adding other raw materials according to a cultivation formula, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting for 25-30 days, wherein the stacking width is 1.5-2.0 m, the height is 1.2-1.6 m, and turning over materials once every 5 days;
e. sowing: spreading the fermented cultivation material on the ground, with a width of 80-100cm and a thickness of 12-
Sowing the lilac mushroom cultivated species on the surface layer of the cultivation material at 18cm, wherein the using amount of the strain per square meter is 1 jin, covering the surface of the sowed material with a mulching film, and preserving heat, preserving moisture and growing bacteria;
f. spawn running management: the temperature of the spawn running period is 15-28 ℃, the water content of the culture material is 60-65%, the relative humidity of air is 65-75%, the culture material is cultured in a dark place, 2-3 d of lilac mushroom hyphae germinate after inoculation, 12-15d of the lilac mushroom hyphae cover the soil when the hyphae overgrow the surface layer of the culture material, and the thickness of the lilac mushroom hyphae is 2.5-3 cm;
g. and (3) fruiting management: covering soil, and allowing hyphae to climb the covering soil layer for 3-5 days, and requiring the humidity of the covering soil layer to be kept wet; when white mushroom buds appear on the surface of a soil layer, spraying a proper amount of atomized water to the ridge surface in the morning and evening every day, simultaneously ensuring that the humidity of the environment is between 85 and 90 percent, ventilating timely, keeping the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air to be lower than 0.15 percent, adopting scattered light irradiation, and controlling the illumination intensity to be 100Lx-500 Lx;
h. harvesting: harvesting when the sporocarp grows to eighty percent maturity and the pileus is not completely unfolded; and cleaning residual mushroom roots and soil supplementing mushroom holes after picking, performing mushroom fruiting again after hypha is recovered, and harvesting the next tide of mushrooms.
Comparative experiments were carried out below on the time for the preparation of cultivars by the methods of example one and example two, respectively, and the average time for the preparation of cultivars by the conventional method (solid mother culture-transferred wheat solid medium), wherein the experimental groups by the method of example one were S1, S2; the test groups in the second mode of example were S3 and S4; the control groups used in the conventional manner were D1, D2; (the time for preparing the cultivar is the time for the hyphae to overgrow the culture medium) is shown in the table I:
table one: time of cultivar preparation
As can be seen from the table above, the average time of the cultivated species prepared by the method of the application, which can lead the hyphae to grow over the whole bottle, is 15 days ahead of the average time of the cultivated species prepared by the traditional method, the seed preparation time is greatly saved, and the method is suitable for industrialized popularization.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. A planting method of lepista nuda is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. mother seed culture: collecting local wild fresh lilac mushroom fruiting bodies, extracting sterile fruiting bodies by adopting a tissue isolation method, putting the extracted sterile fruiting bodies on a PDA culture medium, culturing for 7-10 days at 20-25 ℃ to obtain mother seeds, and storing in a refrigerator at 4-6 ℃ for later use;
b. liquid strain culture: selecting 3-5 pieces of well grown mother seeds, placing into a conical flask filled with 200mL of enriched PDA liquid culture medium, and culturing for 7-10 days at constant temperature of 25 ℃ on a shaking table and at a rotating speed of 150 r/min to obtain liquid strains; the enriched PDA liquid culture medium comprises the following components: 300 g of potato, 2 g of yeast, 1 g of soytone, 15 g of glucose, 0.3 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water and constant volume to 1000 ml, wherein the pH value is 7.0;
c. preparing cultivars: selecting a 650mL tissue culture bottle, placing a large half bottle of wheat solid culture medium in the tissue culture bottle, sucking 4-7mL liquid strains, transferring the liquid strains to the wheat solid culture medium, fully shaking the wheat culture medium, culturing in a dark environment at the temperature of 25 ℃, and obtaining a cultivated species after 10-12 days of full growth of hypha; the wheat culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 98% of wheat, 1% of calcium carbonate and 1% of gypsum;
d. fermentation of the cultivation material: the cultivation material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-60% of sorghum straw, 35-55% of cow dung, 0.5-1.5% of calcium superphosphate, 0.5-1.5% of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5-2% of gypsum and 0.5-1.5% of lime, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of all the raw materials is 100%; fully absorbing sufficient moisture of sorghum straws, adding other raw materials according to a cultivation formula, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting for 25-30 days, wherein the stacking width is 1.5-2.0 m, the height is 1.2-1.6 m, and turning over materials once every 5 days;
e. sowing: spreading the fermented cultivation material on the ground, wherein the width is 80-100cm, the thickness is 12-18cm, broadcasting the lilac mushroom cultivation seeds on the surface layer of the cultivation material, the using amount of the strains is 1 jin per square meter, covering the surface of the sowed material with a mulching film, preserving heat, preserving moisture and growing fungi;
f. spawn running management: the temperature of the spawn running period is 15-28 ℃, the water content of the culture material is 60-65%, the relative humidity of air is 65-75%, the culture material is cultured in a dark place, 2-3 d of lilac mushroom hyphae germinate after inoculation, 12-15d of the lilac mushroom hyphae cover the soil when the hyphae overgrow the surface layer of the culture material, and the thickness of the lilac mushroom hyphae is 2.5-3 cm;
g. and (3) fruiting management: covering soil, and allowing hyphae to climb the covering soil layer for 3-5 days, and requiring the humidity of the covering soil layer to be kept wet; when white mushroom buds appear on the surface of a soil layer, spraying a proper amount of atomized water to the ridge surface in the morning and evening every day, simultaneously ensuring that the humidity of the environment is between 85 and 90 percent, ventilating timely, keeping the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air to be lower than 0.15 percent, adopting scattered light irradiation, and controlling the illumination intensity to be 100Lx-500 Lx;
h. harvesting: harvesting when the sporocarp grows to eighty percent maturity and the pileus is not completely unfolded; and cleaning residual mushroom roots and soil supplementing mushroom holes after picking, performing mushroom fruiting again after hypha is recovered, and harvesting the next tide of mushrooms.
2. The planting method of the lepista nuda according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the cultivation material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50% of sorghum straw, 46% of cow dung, 1% of calcium superphosphate, 1% of ammonium bicarbonate, 1% of gypsum and 1% of lime.
3. The planting method of the lepista nuda according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the cultivation material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 45% of sorghum straws, 50% of cow dung, 1.2% of calcium superphosphate, 1.3% of ammonium bicarbonate, 1.5% of gypsum and 1% of lime.
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| CN113303167A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-08-27 | 河南菌采生物科技有限公司 | Method for re-planting medicinal and edible fungi volvariella volvacea by using waste fungi bags |
| CN114080951A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-02-25 | 河南菌采生物科技有限公司 | Method for earthing and planting agaricus bisporus by using mother strain obtained by tissue separation of wild strain |
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