CN110651678A - Codonopsis pilosula seedling breeding method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a codonopsis pilosula seedling breeding method, and relates to the field of codonopsis pilosula cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting land and preparing land; 2) screening seeds; 3) a cover hole film; 4) timely hole sowing is carried out; 5) covering fine sand; 6) covering with rice straw or sunshade net; the seed screening is to soak the collected codonopsis pilosula seeds in clear water in the last year, remove unsaturated seeds floating on the water surface and dry the seeds; the hole covering membrane is a hole membrane with round holes, and the diameter of the round holes is not more than 4 cm; the timely hole sowing is realized by timely poking seeds into holes of the hole film in a hole sowing mode during sowing; and covering fine sand above the sowed hole film after sowing, wherein the fine sand adopts river sand with the diameter smaller than that of the seeds, and the covering thickness is 1 cm. According to the method, river sand with the diameter smaller than that of the seeds is covered above the sowed porous membrane, so that the problem that the radix codonopsis seed is easy to agglomerate when the soil is covered; the porous membrane can retain water, is suitable for arid areas, and increases the emergence rate by 12%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of codonopsis pilosula cultivation, in particular to a codonopsis pilosula seedling breeding method.
Background
Radix Codonopsis is also called as Codonopsis tangshen, Codonopsis pilosula, Codonopsis tangshen, etc., and is a perennial plant of Campanulaceae, and its medicinal part is root. The codonopsis pilosula is a traditional tonic commonly used in China and has the effects of tonifying middle-jiao and Qi, promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, strengthening and enriching blood, and strengthening spleen and tonifying lung. Modern researches have shown that radix Codonopsis contains various saccharides, phenols, sterols, volatile oil, baicalein glucoside, saponins and trace alkaloids, and has effects of enhancing immunity, dilating blood vessel, lowering blood pressure, improving microcirculation, and improving hemopoiesis function. In addition, the codonopsis pilosula has an effect of improving leucocyte reduction caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and can be stewed for eating because the performance of the codonopsis pilosula is very similar to that of the ginseng, and the sales volume and the export volume of the codonopsis pilosula are increased year by year and are durable.
The codonopsis pilosula is a traditional Chinese medicine in China and has a very wide development prospect. The quality is good, the source is rich, the components are complex, and the pharmacological action is wide. Codonopsis pilosula is used as a main raw material medicine for producing Chinese patent medicines in Chinese medicine factories of a plurality of pharmaceutical enterprises to prepare capsules, injection and compound liquid, such as dozens of medicines of ' gynaecologic Qianjin tablets (capsules) ' Sijunzi decoction ', ' eight-treasure decoction ', ' Shiquandabu pills ', ' Buzhong Qi tonifying decoction ', ' Dangshenjianzhongtang ', ' milkvetch root, codonopsis pilosula granules ' and ' compound codonopsis pilosula ventilation liquid '. The annual demand is about more than 5 ten thousand tons, and the situation of short supply and short demand often appears, and the prospect is unlimited.
At present, the research on codonopsis pilosula mainly focuses on chemical composition, pharmacology and clinical research. However, some researches on the cultivation technology of codonopsis pilosula only remain in the aspect of overall layout, and have no emphasis and are not carried out systematically. In the past, the planting field is not standard, the standard is complex and various, the phenomena are serious, the medicinal material varieties are different, the quality is different, and the quality of the codonopsis pilosula is seriously influenced. Therefore, reasonable development and utilization of dangshen resources are urgently needed. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the breeding technology of Codonopsis pilosula seedling, increase survival rate and improve seedling quality.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the conventional seedling culture technology of the codonopsis pilosula is not standard and the yield and the quality of the codonopsis pilosula are seriously influenced, the invention provides the method for breeding the codonopsis pilosula seedlings by using the fine sand-hole film, so that the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula are orderly emerged, the quality is better, and the management and the digging are easy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the codonopsis pilosula seedling breeding method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting land and preparing land; 2) screening seeds; 3) a cover hole film; 4) timely hole sowing is carried out; 5) covering fine sand; 6) covering with rice straw or sunshade net;
the seed screening is to soak the collected codonopsis pilosula seeds in clear water in the last year, remove unsaturated seeds floating on the water surface and dry the seeds;
the hole covering membrane is a hole membrane with round holes, and the aperture of each round hole is not larger than 4 cm.
The timely hole sowing is to timely dial the seeds into the holes of the hole film in a hole sowing mode during sowing.
And covering fine sand above the sowed hole film after sowing, wherein the fine sand adopts river sand with the diameter smaller than that of the seeds, and the covering thickness is 1 cm.
Preferably, after the seed screening in step 2) is finished, the codonopsis pilosula seeds are pelleted to obtain codonopsis pilosula pelleted seeds, and then hole sowing is carried out.
Further, the pelletizing process includes:
pretreatment of seeds
Selecting the codonopsis pilosula seeds according to the specific gravity to obtain the selected codonopsis pilosula seeds for later use; preparing the biogas slurry, gibberellin and clear water into a pretreatment solution according to the weight ratio of 1:0.005:3, and then placing the pretreatment solution in a uniform magnetic field with the magnetic field intensity of 2000-; soaking selected radix Codonopsis seed in magnetization pretreatment solution, treating for 20-60min, taking out, and draining;
processing in a pill mode
Preparation of pelletized preparation
Weighing 1 part of chitosan and 1 part of composite modified starch according to parts by weight to mix into a component A, preparing 0.1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.0.5 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.01 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.01 part of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.1 part of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 80 parts of clear water into a component B, mixing 12 parts of attapulgite, 0.1 part of rhizobia powder, 6 parts of alhagi sparsifolia powder, 3 parts of fructus forsythiae powder, 40 parts of biomass carbon and 10 parts of feldspar powder to prepare a component C, and mixing 10 parts of gelatin, 18 parts of acrylic resin, 12 parts of warning color and 10 parts of pearl powder to prepare a component D;
② seed pelletization
Preparing the component A and clear water into a solution A according to the weight ratio of 2:5 for later use; putting the codonopsis pilosula seeds treated in the step I into a pelleting coating machine, spraying atomized solution A into the pelleting coating machine to wet the outer surfaces of the beet seeds, then spraying component C into the pelleting coating machine, and performing rotary granulation to form a pelleting inner layer; then spraying atomized component B, then spraying component C, continuing to rotate and granulate, and alternately spraying component B and component C to form a pelleting middle layer; spraying the atomized solution A, spraying the component D, and performing rotary granulation until the particle size of the pelleted codonopsis pilosula seeds meets the preset requirement to form a pelleted outer layer;
screening and drying
And screening the granulated codonopsis pilosula seeds, screening unqualified codonopsis pilosula seeds, continuously granulating, stopping granulating after the qualified codonopsis pilosula seeds are qualified, taking out the prepared granulated codonopsis pilosula seeds, and drying at the temperature of 25-35 ℃ to obtain the granulated codonopsis pilosula seeds.
Further, the weight ratio of the component C and the seeds adopted in the pelleting inner layer is 0.3:1, the weight ratio of the component C and the seeds adopted in the pelleting middle layer is 2:1, and the weight ratio of the powder D and the seeds adopted in the pelleting outer layer is 0.2: 1.
Further, the compound modified starch is oxidized etherified compound modified cassava starch.
Based on the above explanation, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the codonopsis pilosula seeds are small, the covering soil is easy to agglomerate, so that the seedling emergence quality is influenced, and river sand smaller than the diameter of the seeds is covered above the sowed hole film, so that the problem can be effectively solved;
2) the porous film can retain water, is suitable for arid areas, is matched with a hole sowing mode, is convenient for sowing and seedling emergence, is easy for field management, prevents excessive weeds and increases the seedling emergence rate by 12 percent
3) Timely hole sowing is carried out, seed variation for too long time is avoided, and the quality of the codonopsis pilosula is reduced;
4) the porous film is used for hole sowing after pelleting the codonopsis pilosula seeds, so that the precise hole sowing of the codonopsis pilosula seeds is easy to realize, the seed consumption is reduced, the mechanization level of breeding of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings is improved, particularly, the adopted multi-component pelleting preparation can ensure that the codonopsis pilosula seeds quickly absorb water and swell after meeting water, the germination rate and the emergence rate of the codonopsis pilosula seeds are ensured and improved, and the stress resistance and the disease resistance are improved, so that the codonopsis pilosula medicinal material is ensured to have excellent quality.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A Codonopsis pilosula seedling breeding method comprises the following steps:
1) land selection and preparation: selecting a mountain land with loose and fertile soil, deep-turning for 25-30cm after the soil is unfrozen in spring, leveling and harrowing, and applying decomposed organic fertilizer 2000 kg/mu;
2) seed screening: soaking the collected codonopsis pilosula seeds in clear water in the last year, removing unsaturated seeds floating on the water surface, and airing;
3) a hole covering film: a hole film with round holes is adopted to fully cover the land, and the aperture of the round holes is not more than 4 cm;
4) and (3) timely hole sowing: timely poking the seeds into the holes of the hole film in a hole sowing mode;
5) covering fine sand: after sowing, covering fine sand above the sowed hole film, wherein the fine sand adopts river sand with the diameter smaller than that of the seeds, and the covering thickness is 1 cm;
6) covering straws or sunshade nets: and covering with rice straw or sunshade net immediately after covering with fine sand.
Example 2
1) Land selection and preparation: selecting greenhouse land, deeply turning over for 25-30cm, leveling, harrowing, and applying decomposed organic fertilizer 6.5kg/m2；
2) Seed screening: soaking the collected codonopsis pilosula seeds in clear water in the last year, removing unsaturated seeds floating on the water surface, and airing;
3) seed pelleting: weighing 1 part of chitosan and 1 part of oxidation etherification composite modified cassava starch to mix into a component A, preparing 0.1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.0.5 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.01 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.01 part of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.1 part of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 80 parts of clear water into a component B, mixing 12 parts of attapulgite, 0.1 part of rhizobia powder, 6 parts of alhagi sparsifolia powder, 3 parts of fructus forsythiae powder, 40 parts of biomass charcoal and 10 parts of feldspar powder to prepare a component C, and mixing 10 parts of gelatin, 18 parts of acrylic resin, 12 parts of warning color and 10 parts of pearl powder to prepare a component D; preparing the component A and clear water into a solution A according to the weight ratio of 2:5 for later use; putting the codonopsis pilosula seeds treated in the step I into a pelleting coating machine, spraying atomized solution A into the pelleting coating machine to wet the outer surfaces of the beet seeds, then spraying component C into the pelleting coating machine, and performing rotary granulation to form a pelleting inner layer; then spraying atomized component B, then spraying component C, continuing to rotate and granulate, and alternately spraying component B and component C to form a pelleting middle layer; spraying the atomized solution A, spraying the component D, and performing rotary granulation until the particle size of the pelleted codonopsis pilosula seeds meets the preset requirement to form a pelleted outer layer; the weight ratio of the component C and the seeds adopted in the inner pelleting layer is 0.3:1, the weight ratio of the component C and the seeds adopted in the middle pelleting layer is 2:1, and the weight ratio of the powder D and the seeds adopted in the outer pelleting layer is 0.2: 1; and screening the granulated codonopsis pilosula seeds, screening unqualified codonopsis pilosula seeds, continuously granulating, stopping granulating after the qualified codonopsis pilosula seeds are qualified, taking out the prepared granulated codonopsis pilosula seeds, and drying at the temperature of 25-35 ℃ to obtain the granulated codonopsis pilosula seeds.
4) A hole covering film: a hole film with round holes is adopted to fully cover the land, and the aperture of the round holes is not more than 4 cm;
5) and (3) timely hole sowing: stirring the pelleted seeds of the codonopsis pilosula into the holes of the porous membrane in time in a manual hole sowing mode;
6) covering fine sand: after sowing, covering fine sand above the sowed hole film, wherein the fine sand adopts river sand with the diameter smaller than that of the seeds, and the covering thickness is 1 cm;
7) covering straws or sunshade nets: and covering with rice straw or sunshade net immediately after covering with fine sand.
Example 3
The same as in example 2, except for differences in step 1) and step 5).
Step 1), land selection and preparation: selecting large-area flat ground with loose and fertile soil and light plant diseases and insect pests, deep-turning for 25-30cm after the soil is unfrozen in spring, disinfecting the soil, leveling and harrowing, and applying 2500 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer;
step 5) timely hole sowing: and (3) adjusting the hole sowing quantity of the precision hole sowing machine by adopting a precision hole sowing machine, adjusting the sowing plant spacing to be matched with the hole membrane, and timely poking the granulated seeds of the codonopsis pilosula into the holes of the hole membrane.
Comparative example
In a stable area of the Dingxi city, adjacent plots with the same planting conditions and the same geographical conditions are selected for a comparison test, and are divided into a reference group and a test group, wherein the codonopsis pilosula seedling breeding is carried out in the reference group by adopting the codonopsis pilosula cultivation technical specification of the Dingxi city, and the codonopsis pilosula seedling breeding is carried out in the test group by adopting the method of the embodiment 1.
Statistics shows that the emergence rate of the test group in 2017 is 78%, the emergence rate of the test group in 2017 is 81%, the emergence rate of the test group in 2018 is 91%, and the emergence rate of the test group in 2018 is 93%.
The result shows that the method can improve the emergence rate of the codonopsis pilosula by at least 12 percent compared with the prior cultivation technology.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A Codonopsis pilosula seedling breeding method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting land and preparing land; 2) screening seeds; 3) a cover hole film; 4) timely hole sowing is carried out; 5) covering fine sand; 6) covering with rice straw or sunshade net; the method is characterized in that:
the seed screening is to soak the collected codonopsis pilosula seeds in clear water in the last year, remove unsaturated seeds floating on the water surface and dry the seeds;
the hole covering membrane is a hole membrane with round holes, and the aperture of each round hole is not larger than 4 cm.
The timely hole sowing is to timely dial the seeds into the holes of the hole film in a hole sowing mode during sowing.
And covering fine sand above the sowed hole film after sowing, wherein the fine sand adopts river sand with the diameter smaller than that of the seeds, and the covering thickness is 1 cm.
2. The Codonopsis pilosula seedling breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: after the seed screening in the step 2) is finished, pelleting is carried out on the codonopsis pilosula seeds to obtain codonopsis pilosula pelleted seeds, and then hole sowing is carried out.
3. The Codonopsis pilosula seedling breeding method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the pelletizing treatment comprises the following steps:
pretreatment of seeds
Selecting the codonopsis pilosula seeds according to the specific gravity to obtain the selected codonopsis pilosula seeds for later use; preparing the biogas slurry, gibberellin and clear water into a pretreatment solution according to the weight ratio of 1:0.005:3, and then placing the pretreatment solution in a uniform magnetic field with the magnetic field intensity of 2000-; soaking selected radix Codonopsis seed in magnetization pretreatment solution, treating for 20-60min, taking out, and draining;
processing in a pill mode
Preparation of pelletized preparation
Weighing 1 part of chitosan and 1 part of composite modified starch according to parts by weight to mix into a component A, preparing 0.1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.0.5 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.01 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.01 part of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.1 part of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 80 parts of clear water into a component B, mixing 12 parts of attapulgite, 0.1 part of rhizobia powder, 6 parts of alhagi sparsifolia powder, 3 parts of fructus forsythiae powder, 40 parts of biomass carbon and 10 parts of feldspar powder to prepare a component C, and mixing 10 parts of gelatin, 18 parts of acrylic resin, 12 parts of warning color and 10 parts of pearl powder to prepare a component D;
② seed pelletization
Preparing the component A and clear water into a solution A according to the weight ratio of 2:5 for later use; putting the codonopsis pilosula seeds treated in the step I into a pelleting coating machine, spraying atomized solution A into the pelleting coating machine to wet the outer surfaces of the beet seeds, then spraying component C into the pelleting coating machine, and performing rotary granulation to form a pelleting inner layer; then spraying atomized component B, then spraying component C, continuing to rotate and granulate, and alternately spraying component B and component C to form a pelleting middle layer; spraying the atomized solution A, spraying the component D, and performing rotary granulation until the particle size of the pelleted codonopsis pilosula seeds meets the preset requirement to form a pelleted outer layer;
screening and drying
And screening the granulated codonopsis pilosula seeds, screening unqualified codonopsis pilosula seeds, continuously granulating, stopping granulating after the qualified codonopsis pilosula seeds are qualified, taking out the prepared granulated codonopsis pilosula seeds, and drying at the temperature of 25-35 ℃ to obtain the granulated codonopsis pilosula seeds.
4. The Codonopsis pilosula seedling breeding method as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the weight ratio of the component C and the seeds adopted in the inner pelleting layer is 0.3:1, the weight ratio of the component C and the seeds adopted in the middle pelleting layer is 2:1, and the weight ratio of the powder D and the seeds adopted in the outer pelleting layer is 0.2: 1.
5. The Codonopsis pilosula seedling breeding method as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the composite modified starch is oxidized etherified composite modified cassava starch.
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| CN114431095A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-05-06 | 沁源县利农生物科技有限公司 | Codonopsis pilosula protective land matrix seedling culture method |
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