CN110637765B - Ridge utilization method of rice and shrimp co-farming system - Google Patents
Ridge utilization method of rice and shrimp co-farming system Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ridge utilization method of a rice and shrimp co-farming system, which comprises the following steps: planting bait plants on ridges in winter, cutting green in spring, and putting into shrimp ditches as plant baits for crayfish culture; planting pest control plants on the ridges in the rice growing season for controlling pests in the rice field; after the rice is transplanted, the water is dropped in the shrimp ditch layer by layer in the first round until the water in the shrimp ditch is drained to the dry bottom, so that the crayfishes are enabled to punch holes in layers on the ridges; after the rice is grouted, the water in the shrimp ditch is drained in a second round in a layering mode until the water in the shrimp ditch is drained to the dry bottom, so that crayfishes can be enabled to punch holes in a layering mode on ridges. By planting plants in the ridges, the crayfish feed can provide green feed for crayfish, can increase the biodiversity of a rice and shrimp co-farming system, controls rice plant diseases and insect pests, and improves the quality of the crayfish and rice. The crayfish ditch water level is regulated in a layered and graded mode, crayfish layered and graded tunnel digging breeding can be promoted, ridges are reasonably utilized, the problem that crayfish in the next year intensively emerge is solved, batch and graded marketing of crayfish in the next year is facilitated, and crayfish breeding benefits are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological agriculture breeding, and particularly relates to a ridge utilization method of a rice and shrimp co-farming system.
Background
The rice and shrimp co-farming is based on paddy field rice, crayfishes are raised in the paddy field, light, heat, water and biological resources of the paddy field are fully utilized, and a compound circulating planting ecological mode is formed by mutual benefits of the paddy field and the crayfishes. The crayfish breeding in the rice field is an advanced green agricultural breeding mode, on one hand, the crayfish can kill insects and weeds, loosen the soil and increase the fertilizer for the rice field, the fertilizer application can be reduced, and the green production of the rice is ensured; on the other hand, the rice field can be used for crayfish to move, find food and avoid harm, the crayfish has drug sensitivity, the pesticide is controlled, and green breeding of the crayfish is guaranteed. In actual production, operators usually pursue transient benefits, namely, the light rice with heavy shrimps and the crayfish yield are improved on one side, and on the one hand, the problems of water eutrophication, shrimp diseases, water pollution and the like are caused by using a large amount of compound feed and chemical fertilizer; on the other hand, neglecting the biological diversity of the rice field ecosystem, the significance of rice and shrimp joint cropping is lost.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention relates to a ridge utilization method of a rice and shrimp co-farming system, which can at least solve part of defects in the prior art.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a ridge utilization method of a rice and shrimp co-farming system, which comprises the following steps:
planting bait plants on ridges in winter, cutting green in spring, and putting into shrimp ditches as plant baits for crayfish culture;
planting pest control plants on the ridges in the rice growing season for controlling pests in the rice field;
after the rice is transplanted, the water is dropped in the shrimp ditch layer by layer in the first round until the water in the shrimp ditch is drained to the dry bottom, so that the crayfishes are enabled to punch holes in layers on the ridges; after the rice is grouted, the water in the shrimp ditch is drained in a second round in a layering mode until the water in the shrimp ditch is drained to the dry bottom, so that crayfishes can be enabled to punch holes in a layering mode on ridges.
As one example, in the layered dewatering operation of the shrimp ditch, the drained water is partially used for irrigating plants planted on ridges, and the rest is used for irrigating rice fields.
As one example, the first round of stratified precipitation of the shrimp raceway includes:
the initial water layer depth of the shrimp ditch is H1(ii) a After transplanting the rice, carrying out drainage operation every 9-12 days, and discharging the water in the shrimp ditch every time of drainage operation
The water body of (2).
As one example, the shrimp grove second round of stratified precipitation comprises:
the initial water layer depth of the shrimp ditch is H2(ii) a After the rice begins to be grouted, carrying out drainage operation every 9-12 days, and discharging the water in the shrimp ditch every time of drainage operation
The water body of (2).
As one embodiment, bait plants including rape and/or wheat are planted on ridges in winter, and the crayfish is cut and thrown into a crayfish ditch in 3-4 months to provide feed for crayfish.
As one embodiment, the bait plants comprise leguminous crops, wherein the leguminous crops are at least one of peas, broad beans, arrow peas, vetch and cloudburst, the crayfish ditch is cut and thrown to provide feed for crayfish in 3-6 months, and the leguminous crops are returned to the field as green manure in 6 months.
As one example, the pest control plants grown on the ridges in the growing season of rice include flowering plants including at least one of soybean, sesame, crape myrtle, and cherry blossom and/or vetiver grass.
The embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, by planting plants on the ridges, not only can green feed be provided for crayfishes, but also the biological diversity of a rice and shrimp co-farming system can be increased, and rice diseases and insect pests are controlled, so that the quality of the crayfishes and rice is improved, and the production benefit is improved.
According to the crayfish breeding method, the crayfish ditch water level is regulated in a layering and grading mode, layered and grading digging propagation of crayfish can be promoted, ridges are reasonably utilized, the problem that crayfish seedlings come out intensively in the next year is solved, the crayfish yield is effectively improved, batch and grading marketing of crayfish in the next year is facilitated, and crayfish breeding benefits are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rice and shrimp co-farming system provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a ridge utilization method of a rice and shrimp co-culture system, and as shown in figure 1, in the rice and shrimp co-culture system, annular ditches are dug around a rice field for crayfish culture, one side of each annular ditch is a rice planting area 3, and the other side of each annular ditch is a ridge 1; when the ridge is built, the soil dug out when the annular ditch is dug is used for reinforcing, heightening and widening the ridge 1, and the ridge 1 is tamped without adding a layer of soil when being reinforced. The area of the annular ditch does not exceed 10% of the area of the rice field generally; in one embodiment, the width of the annular groove is 3-4 m, the slope ratio is 1:1.5, and the groove depth is 1-1.5 m; the ridge 1 is 0.6-0.8 m higher than the field surface, the ridge bottom is 4-5 m wide, the ridge top is 2-3 m wide, and different ridge widths can be set according to different landforms and landforms.
The ridge utilization method comprises the following steps:
planting bait plants on the ridges 1 in winter, cutting green in spring and putting into the shrimp ditches 2 as plant baits for crayfish culture;
planting pest control plants on the ridges 1 in the rice growing season for controlling pests in the rice field;
after the rice is transplanted, the water in the shrimp ditch is lowered layer by layer in the first round until the water in the shrimp ditch is drained to the dry bottom, so that the crayfish can be promoted to punch holes in layers on the ridge 1; after the rice is grouted, the water in the shrimp ditch is drained in a second round in a layering way until the water in the shrimp ditch is drained to the dry bottom, so that the crayfishes can be promoted to punch holes in layers on the ridge 1.
The method comprises the following steps:
for winter plant growing conditions: in one embodiment, the bait plants comprise rape and/or wheat, the rape and/or wheat are cut and thrown into the shrimp ditch 2 in 3-4 months to provide feed for the crayfishes, the rape and wheat can be harvested in 5 months generally, and the embodiment is particularly suitable for the condition that the reserved ridge area is large. In another embodiment, the bait plant comprises leguminous crops, the leguminous crops are at least one of peas, broad beans, arrow peas, vetch and alocasia macrorrhiza, the crayfish ditch 2 is cut in 3-6 months to provide feed for crayfish, and the crayfish is returned to the field as green manure for rice planting in 6 months, and the embodiment is particularly suitable for the condition that the reserved ridge area is small. The effect of planting the arrowroot pea and the hair vetch is better, and the crayfish is high in nutritive value and beneficial to growth of crayfish due to the fact that the crayfish contains rich amino acid and protein.
Preferably, the green feed can be fed to the shrimp ditch 2 once every 3-5 days, and the feeding amount of industrial feeds for crayfish such as compound feeds can be reduced by 20-30% after the feeding lasts for the middle of 5 months; moreover, compared with industrial feeds for crayfish such as single compound feed, in the embodiment, the crayfish is fed by mixing the green feed and the compound feed, so that the growth speed of the crayfish is improved by 20-30%, the quality of the crayfish is improved, and the crayfish is large in size, full in shrimp meat, tender in meat quality, tight and elastic.
In the case of the plant growth in the growing season of rice, the pest control plant preferably includes a flowering plant including at least one of soybean, sesame, crape myrtle, and cherry blossom and/or vetiver grass. The crape myrtle trees, the cherry blossoms and other trees can be planted on the machine plowing tracks, the other ridges 1 can be used for planting crops such as soybeans, sesames and the like, the ecological conditions in the fields are improved through the flowering plants, the biological diversity is increased, a good breeding place can be created for natural enemies of pests, and the natural pest control effect of the natural enemies of the pests such as spiders, parasitic wasps, lygus lucorum and the like is exerted. The vetiver grass planted can effectively induce the rice stem borers to lay eggs, and the hatched larvae die after eating the vetiver grass for a certain time, and can be used for field prevention and control of the rice stem borers.
Based on the mode of planting plants on the ridge 1 in the growing season of the rice, false smut happens slightly in the later period of the growth of the rice, rice thrips, neck blast, banded sclerotial blight, chilo suppressalis and rice skippers are not found to happen sporadically, and the total disease and pest control effect reaches over 90 percent.
The following are several groups of specific examples:
TABLE 1 diversity of ridge plants under different planting modes of rice and shrimp co-operation ridge
Note: different lower case letters in the same column indicate significant differences in level between treatments (P <0.05), as follows.
TABLE 2 influence of different planting patterns of rice and shrimp common farmland ridge on Chilo suppressalis larva number (head/mu)
TABLE 3 influence of different planting modes of rice and shrimp common ridge on natural enemies of rice field
In the method, the layered precipitation of the shrimp ditch is to gradually reduce the depth of the water layer of the shrimp ditch, and the water body with a certain depth in the shrimp ditch 2 is preferably discharged periodically. Preferably, in the shrimp ditch layered dewatering operation, the drained water part is used for irrigating plants planted on the ridge 1, and the rest part is used for irrigating the rice field. Based on the method, the internal recycling effect of the shrimp ditch rich water can be improved, the growth of ridge plants is facilitated, the rice planting quality and yield are improved, and the influence of nutrient substances in the shrimp ditch drainage on the environment is reduced.
The shrimp ditch layered dewatering method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the first round of stratified precipitation of the shrimp ditch, the depth of an initial water layer of the shrimp ditch 2 is taken as H1(ii) a This shrimp ditch first round layering precipitation includes: after the rice is transplanted, carrying out drainage operation every 9-12 days, and discharging the water into the shrimp ditch 2 every time of drainage operation
The water body of (2). In one embodiment, the shrimp ditch is drained at a time interval of 10 days, about 30 days, the shrimp ditch is drained completely, and the shrimp ditch is removed from the rice at a time interval of 30 daysThe time interval of planting until the rice enters the tillering prosperous period is basically consistent, and the drying of the shrimp ditch 2 after water is drained can be synchronously carried out with the drying of the field in the tillering prosperous period.
In the second round of stratified precipitation of the shrimp ditches, the depth of an initial water layer of the shrimp ditches 2 is taken as H2(ii) a The second round of layered dewatering method for the shrimp ditch comprises the following steps: after the rice begins to be grouted, carrying out drainage operation every 9-12 days, and discharging the water into the shrimp ditch 2 every time of drainage operation
The water body of (2). In one embodiment, the time interval for draining the shrimp ditch is 10 days, and the shrimp ditch can be drained completely to the bottom in about 30 days, and the rice enters the mature period or is close to mature.
In the above examples, general H1＝H2。
In the embodiment, the mode of adjusting the water level of the shrimp ditch in a layering and grading manner is adopted, so that layered and graded digging propagation of crayfish can be promoted, the ridge 1 is reasonably utilized, the problem of concentrated emergence of crayfish in the next year is avoided, the yield of crayfish is effectively improved, the crayfish can be listed in batches and grades in the next year, and the breeding benefit of crayfish is improved.
In the method, the crayfish is not harvested after the crayfish is harvested for the last time in 6 months; after the first round of precipitation is watered again and the second round of precipitation is watered again, part of the crayfishes can go out of the hole again, so that the crayfish ditch 2 can promote crayfishes to dig into the hole and breed in multiple times by adopting two times of precipitation. In each round of precipitation, a time interval layered precipitation mode is adopted, so that crayfishes can be further promoted to tunnel in batches for reproduction, and can tunnel in layers, the ridge 1 is reasonably utilized, the ridge 1 is well protected, the problem that fertilizer water in the rice field leaks out due to the fact that crayfishes tunnel in part of the ridge 1 in a centralized mode is avoided, and the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution of the rice and shrimp field is reduced. Therefore, the method for adjusting the water level of the shrimp ditches in a layered and graded manner by adding water can achieve the purpose of adjusting the breeding process of the crayfishes, and realize batch emergence and marketing of the crayfishes in the next year. Compared with the situation that the crayfish is sold on the market in the peak of 5 months at present, the crayfish selling method can lead the crayfish to be sold on the market in batches in 3 months to 6 months, can lead the crayfish to be sold on the market earlier than 3 months and 4 months, ensures the selling amount of the crayfish in 5 months, and can properly delay the selling amount of the crayfish in the middle and the last days of 6 months, thereby ensuring the selling amount and the selling price of the crayfish.
In another preferred embodiment, the ridge utilization method further includes:
in the crayfish breeding season, an escape prevention net is arranged in a crayfish ditch 2, a breeding ditch is formed by enclosing a ridge 1 and the escape prevention net, foreign juvenile shrimps are thrown into the breeding ditch, the foreign juvenile shrimps are taken from at least one other juvenile shrimp source, and the other juvenile shrimp source is other crayfish fields or crayfish breeding bases which are geographically distant from the current crayfish field by more than 1 km; and when the average specification of the juvenile shrimps in the cultivation ditch reaches a preset specification, removing the escape-proof net to cultivate adult shrimps.
The anti-escape net preferably adopts net pieces with the mesh number not less than 30 meshes, can pass water and simultaneously prevent the juvenile shrimps from escaping from the cultivation ditch, and is convenient for centralized seedling cultivation. In this example, every 667m2The cultivation ditch can be used for cultivation of 13340m2Young shrimps cultured in the rice field. In order to be beneficial to the cultivation of the juvenile shrimps, floating plants are transplanted in the cultivation ditch for the activity (including inhabitation, molting, hiding, ingestion and the like) of the juvenile shrimps, and the area of the floating plants is 40-50% of that of the cultivation ditch; the transplanted floating plant can be water hyacinth, water peanuts, etc.
In the embodiment, the construction investment cost of the cultivation ditch is low, no extra land area is occupied, and after the juvenile shrimps reach the standard, the escape-proof net piece is removed; the environmental adaptability of the young shrimps to the shrimp ditch 2 in the later adult shrimp culture stage is also strong.
The juvenile shrimps put into the cultivation ditch are preferably from other rice shrimp fields, the cost can be effectively saved compared with the mode of purchasing the shrimp fries from the crayfish breeding base, and the breeding households can independently control the time of the emergence of the crayfish and the quality of the shrimp fries, so that the self-sufficiency of the shrimp fries is realized. In a further preferred embodiment, the young shrimps are taken from a plurality of young shrimp sources respectively and mixed in the current cultivation ditch, for example, the young shrimps are taken from other rice shrimp fields, and when the young shrimps in other rice shrimp fields are insufficient or the quality of the young shrimps in other rice shrimp fields is poor, the young shrimps can be supplemented from the young shrimp cultivation base to reach the required young shrimp cultivation density and quality.
The geographical distance between the related juvenile shrimp source and the current rice and shrimp field is more than 1km, so that the population difference between juvenile shrimps cultured in the culture ditch and self-breeding juvenile shrimps in the current rice and shrimp field can be ensured.
By establishing the cultivation ditch in the rice shrimp field and throwing the juvenile shrimps from other rice shrimp fields or the crayfish seedling raising bases into the cultivation ditch, the condition that the crayfish in the rice shrimp field is close to each other for a long time to breed so as to cause the degeneration of crayfish offspring varieties can be avoided, and the disease resistance and stress resistance of the crayfish and the total output of the crayfish are effectively improved; meanwhile, the farmers can independently control the time of the shrimp seedlings to appear on the market and the quality of the shrimp seedlings, and the economic benefit of the farmers is increased.
In the method, the feeding density of the juvenile shrimps is preferably 20-40 ten thousand of juvenile shrimps with the specification of 1.0cm in each mu of cultivation ditches. And feeding the young shrimps with the feed every day in a period of young shrimp cultivation, wherein the feeding frequency is 3-4 times a day, and the feeding amount of each time is 3% -5% of the total weight of the young shrimps. Wherein the feed can be industrial feed such as special animal feed for crayfish, etc., or green feed, preferably industrial feed and green feed mixed feed, and can improve the breeding quality of shrimp larvae; the green fodder is preferably from plants planted on the ridge 1, namely the plants planted on the ridge 1 are cut into green and put into the cultivation ditch to feed young shrimps.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A ridge utilization method of a rice and shrimp co-farming system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
planting bait plants on ridges in winter, cutting green in spring, and putting into shrimp ditches as plant baits for crayfish culture;
planting pest control plants on the ridges in the rice growing season for controlling pests in the rice field;
after the rice is transplanted, the water is dropped in the shrimp ditch layer by layer in the first round until the water in the shrimp ditch is drained to the dry bottom, so that the crayfishes are enabled to punch holes in layers on the ridges; after the rice is grouted, the water in the shrimp ditch is drained in a second round in a layering way until the water in the shrimp ditch is drained to the dry bottom, so that the crayfishes are enabled to punch holes in a layering way on the ridges; in the layered dewatering operation of the shrimp ditch, part of discharged water is used for irrigating plants planted on the ridges, and the rest of water is used for irrigating the rice field;
the shrimp ditch first round layering precipitation includes: the initial water layer depth of the shrimp ditch is H1(ii) a After transplanting the rice, carrying out drainage operation every 9-12 days, and discharging the water in the shrimp ditch every time of drainage operation
The water body of (a);
the shrimp ditch second round layering precipitation includes: the initial water layer depth of the shrimp ditch is H2(ii) a After the rice begins to be grouted, carrying out drainage operation every 9-12 days, and discharging the water in the shrimp ditch every time of drainage operation
The water body of (2).
2. The ridge utilization method of the rice and shrimp co-farming system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in winter, bait plants including rape and/or wheat are planted on the ridges, and the crayfish is cut and thrown into the shrimp ditch in 3-4 months to provide feed for the crayfish.
3. The ridge utilization method of the rice and shrimp co-farming system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the bait plants planted on the ridges in winter comprise leguminous crops, the leguminous crops are at least one of peas, broad beans, arrow peas, vetch and alocasia macrorrhiza, the crayfish ditch is cut in 3-6 months to provide feed for crayfish, and the crayfish ditch is returned to the field as green manure in 6 months to plant rice.
4. The ridge utilization method of the rice and shrimp co-farming system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the pest control plants planted on the ridges in the rice growing season comprise flowering plants and/or vetiver grass, wherein the flowering plants comprise at least one of soybean, sesame, crape myrtle and cherry blossom.
5. The ridge utilization method of the rice and shrimp co-farming system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the crayfish breeding season, arranging an escape-proof net in a crayfish ditch, enclosing the escape-proof net through a ridge to form a breeding ditch, and putting foreign juvenile shrimps into the breeding ditch, wherein the foreign juvenile shrimps are taken from at least one other juvenile shrimp source, and the other juvenile shrimp source is other rice shrimp fields or crayfish breeding bases which are geographically distant from the current rice shrimp field by more than 1 km; and when the average specification of the juvenile shrimps in the cultivation ditch reaches a preset specification, removing the escape-proof net to cultivate adult shrimps.
6. The ridge utilization method of the rice and shrimp co-farming system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: during the crayfish cultivation period, cutting green plants planted in the ridges and throwing the green plants into the cultivation ditch to feed the young crayfish.
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