CN110636914A - 包含金属陶瓷部件的刀体及其制造方法 - Google Patents

包含金属陶瓷部件的刀体及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN110636914A
CN110636914A CN201880028476.2A CN201880028476A CN110636914A CN 110636914 A CN110636914 A CN 110636914A CN 201880028476 A CN201880028476 A CN 201880028476A CN 110636914 A CN110636914 A CN 110636914A
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cermet
component
powder
molybdenum
carbide
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杰西卡·马歇尔
格雷·斯威特曼
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Hebborn Materials And Technology Co Ltd
Hyperion Materials and Technologies Sweden AB
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Abstract

本公开涉及一种刀体、该刀体的制造方法以及该刀体用于减小熔融硬钎料的接触角的用途,该刀体包含金属陶瓷部件,该金属陶瓷部件包含碳化铌基硬质相和镍基金属粘结剂。

Description

包含金属陶瓷部件的刀体及其制造方法
技术领域
本公开涉及一种包含金属陶瓷部件的刀体、该刀体的制造方法以及该刀体用于减小熔融硬钎料的接触角的用途,该金属陶瓷部件包含碳化铌基硬质相和镍基金属粘结剂。
背景技术
基于碳化钨(WC)的硬质合金广泛地用于许多要求高硬度、端面破裂强度以及高断裂韧性的应用中。然而,碳化钨的供应正在下降,因而其成本正在增加,因此正在考虑可选的硬质金属以找到合适的替代物。基于碳化铌(NbC)的金属陶瓷在某些应用中有成为此类可选的硬质材料的潜力,并且供应量也很大,因此购买更便宜。
此外,NbC基硬质材料可以在接近不锈钢的性能极限、但WC基硬质合金价格昂贵的应用中代替不锈钢刀具。
硬钎焊通常用于制造硬质合金和金属陶瓷刀具,以将硬质合金或金属陶瓷切削刀片连接到钢柄或另一块具有不同几何形状和/或组成的硬质合金或金属陶瓷。然而,对于含有碳化铌基硬质相和镍基金属粘结剂的金属陶瓷部件而言,在使用通常用于包含碳化钨的硬质合金的硬钎焊方法时存在问题:由于熔融硬钎焊合金的接触角会大于90°,这意味着金属陶瓷部件的硬钎焊性较差,因此不会形成牢固的接头。
本公开的目的是提供一种会减少或者甚至消除上述问题的解决方案。
发明内容
因此,本公开因此提供一种刀体,其包含:
金属陶瓷部件,该金属陶瓷部件含有碳化铌基硬质相和镍基金属粘结剂;
硬钎焊合金;以及
至少一个其它部件,该金属陶瓷部件将被硬钎焊至所述至少一个其它部件;
其特征在于:该金属陶瓷部件含有至少0.5%原子(at%)的钼。
此外,本公开还涉及一种将金属陶瓷部件硬钎焊到至少一个其它部件的方法,所述金属陶瓷部件含有碳化铌基硬质相和镍基金属粘结剂,该方法包含以下步骤:
a.提供硬质相粉末,该硬质相粉末包含以该硬质相粉末的总量计大于50重量%(wt%)的碳化铌,比如大于60wt%的碳化铌、比如大于70wt%的碳化铌、比如大于80wt%的碳化铌、比如大于90wt%的碳化铌;
b.提供金属粘结剂粉末,该金属粘结剂粉末包含以该金属粘结剂粉末的总量计大于50wt%的镍,比如大于60wt%的镍、比如大于70wt%的镍、比如大于80wt%的镍、比如大于90wt%的镍;
c.将硬质相粉末和金属粘结剂粉末与有机粘结剂混合以获得粉末混合物;
d.研磨所获得的粉末混合物;
e.压制经过研磨的粉末混合物;
f.烧结经过压制的粉末混合物以获得烧结的金属陶瓷部件;
g.提供硬钎焊合金;以及
h.通过使用该硬钎焊合金将所获得的烧结金属陶瓷部件硬钎焊到至少一个其它部件;
其特征在于:在步骤c中,
添加碳化钼(MoC)粉末,或
添加钼粉末和碳粉末。
因此,本公开将提供一种方法,该方法能够将含有碳化铌基硬质相和镍基金属粘结剂的金属陶瓷部件硬钎焊到至少一个其它部件。
此外,本公开还涉及金属陶瓷部件的用途,所述金属陶瓷含有碳化铌基硬质相和镍基金属粘结剂以及钼,所述金属陶瓷部件用于当通过使用硬钎焊金属陶瓷部件的方法将金属陶瓷部件硬钎焊到至少一个其它部件时减少熔融硬钎料的接触角。
附图说明
图1:公开了在金属陶瓷表面上熔融硬钎焊合金的带注释的光学图像,示出了如何测量接触角;
图2:公开了样品A的光学图像,示出了硬钎焊的接触角;
图3:公开了样品B的光学图像,示出了硬钎焊的接触角;
图4:公开了样品C的光学图像,示出了硬钎焊的接触角;
图5:公开了样品D的光学图像,示出了硬钎焊的接触角;
图6:公开了样品E的光学图像,示出了硬钎焊的接触角;
图7:公开了样品F的光学图像,示出了硬钎焊的接触角;
图8:公开了样品G的光学图像,示出了硬钎焊的接触角;
具体实施方式
根据本公开一个方面,提供了一种刀体,其包含:
金属陶瓷部件,该金属陶瓷部件含有碳化铌基硬质相和镍基金属粘结剂;
硬钎焊合金;以及
至少一个其它部件,该金属陶瓷部件将被硬钎焊到所述至少一个其它部件;
其特征在于:该金属陶瓷部件包含至少0.5原子百分比的钼。
金属陶瓷部件的原子百分比是通过以下方式计算的:计算所添加粉末的重量百分比(wt%),然后使用在制造金属陶瓷部件期间所添加粉末组分的各自的分子或原子重量来计算每种元素的相对原子百分比(at%)。原子百分比也称为为原子摩尔%分数。对于任何碳化物添加物,其数量已分解成金属和碳各自的wt%分数,以便计算各个元素的原子百分比。
术语wt%是指每种粉末相对于总粉末组合物的wt%。仅当添加至少0.5at%的Mo时,才能看到钼(Mo)的添加对金属陶瓷部件的硬钎焊性的积极效果。
如从实施例中可以看出的,本发明人惊讶地发现,钼的添加将极大地增加金属陶瓷部件的硬钎焊性。不受任何一种理论的束缚,相信所添加的钼将形成金属粘结剂相的一部分,并且该添加将使金属粘结剂更易溶于熔融硬钎焊合金中,因此将形成更好和更牢固的硬钎焊接头。
金属陶瓷定义为一种包含硬质相和金属粘结剂相的材料。在本公开中,术语“碳化铌基硬质相”是指硬质相含有以硬质相的总量计大于50wt%碳化铌的颗粒,比如大于60wt%的碳化铌、比如大于70wt%的碳化铌、比如大于80wt%的碳化铌、比如大于90wt%的碳化铌。剩余的硬质相将由WC、TaC、TiC、ZrC、Mo2C或HfC或它们的混合物组成。此外,在本公开中,术语“镍基金属粘结剂相”是指粘结剂包含以金属粘结剂相的总量计大于50wt%的镍,比如大于60wt%的镍、比如大于70wt%的镍、比如大于80wt%的镍、比如大于90wt%的镍。粘结剂还可包含Co和Fe。还应该理解的是,可以用铁基金属粘结剂代替镍基金属粘结剂,并且可以例如添加少量的其它碳化物(比如WC、TiC、TaC、HfC或VC,比如高达约4wt%)以有助于晶粒细化,改善韧性和/或改善热硬度。
如本领域中所公知的,硬钎焊是一种用于将包含硬质金属或金属的部件连接或熔合在一起的过程。在该过程中,将热量施加到填充金属上(例如硬钎焊合金),其将在被连接在一起的部件的熔点以下熔融。
在本公开的一个实施方案中,如实施例所示的,金属陶瓷部件的钼含量至少是1.0at%,如果钼的添加量是至少1.0at%,则可看到对金属陶瓷部件的硬钎焊性具有更积极的效果。
在本公开的一个实施方案中,金属陶瓷部件的钼含量不大于10.6at%,因为可以通过保持钼的添加量不大于10.6at%来进一步优化刀体的性质。当添加更多量的钼时,存在碳化钼析出的风险。在金属陶瓷中存在第二硬质相(比如碳化钼)可对耐磨性、端面破裂强度或者品粒生长控制问题具有不利的效果。
在一个实施方案中,硬钎焊合金为银基硬钎焊合金。在本公开中,术语“银基硬钎焊合金”是指硬钎焊合金含有以硬钎焊合金的总量计大于50at%的银。硬钎焊合金可以包含64at%的Ag、26at%的Cu、2at%的Ni、2at%的Mn和6at%的In。
根据一个实施方案,至少一个其它部件是两个或更多个部件。根据另一个实施方案,两个部件中的至少一个是金属陶瓷。根据本文上下文所定义的刀体的一个实施方案,至少另一个其它部件选自金属陶瓷,其可具有与前述金属陶瓷相同的组成或不同的组成。该至少一个其它部件可以选自硬质合金或包含钢合金的部件。
该刀体可以用于制造比如钻头、刀片或锯片等产品。例如在钻头的情况下,钻头的工作尖端是刀体的金属陶瓷部件,该金属陶瓷部件被硬钎焊到钢柄上(至少一个其它部件)。
本公开的另一个方面涉及一种将金属陶瓷部件硬钎焊到至少一个其它部件的方法,该金属陶瓷部件含有碳化铌基硬质相和镍基金属粘结剂,该方法包含以下步骤:
a.提供硬质相粉末,该硬质相粉末包含以硬质相粉末的总量计大于50wt%的碳化铌;
b.提供金属粘结剂粉末,该金属粘结剂粉末包含以金属粘结剂粉末的总量计大于50wt%的镍;
c.将硬质相粉末和金属粘结剂粉末与有机粘结剂混合以获得粉末混合物;
d.研磨所获得的粉末混合物;
e.压制经过研磨的粉末混合物;
f.烧结经过压制的粉末混合物以获得烧结的金属陶瓷部件;以及
g.提供硬钎焊合金;
h.通过使用该硬钎焊合金将所获得的烧结金属陶瓷部件硬钎焊到至少一个其它部件;
其特征在于:在步骤c中,
添加碳化钼粉末,或
添加钼粉末和碳粉末。
通常通过使用球磨机将硬质相粉末和金属粘结剂粉末与有机粘结剂一起研磨。添加有机粘结剂来辅助压制,该有机粘结剂通常为聚(乙二醇)(PEG),比如PEG 34。通常,然后通过使用压制方法(例如使用TOX压机)使粉末成形。然后在压制之后,烧结粉末混合物,例如使用Sinter HIP炉烧结。然而,可以采用其它的研磨、成形和烧结方法,并且可以将其它的压制助剂用于本文所述的本公开的方法。如本文所述,在步骤c中,钼是以碳化钼粉末的形式添加或以等原子量添加单独的钼粉末和单独的碳粉末。
根据上下文所定义的方法的一个实施方案,所添加的碳化钼的重量百分比(wt%)或者钼和碳的总重量百分比,小于全部的粉末混合物的镍的重量百分比。术语wt%是指每种粉末相对于总粉末组合物的wt%,所述总粉末组合物即包括添加的碳化钼或者添加的钼和碳。发现如果所添加碳化钼的重量百分比或者钼和碳的总重量百分比超过所添加镍的量,则存在未溶解的碳化钼的析出。
根据上下文中所定义的方法的一个实施方案,所添加的镍、碳化钼和碳的相加的重量百分比是全部的粉末混合物的6至35wt%,比如8至30wt%。如果镍和碳化钼的总重量百分比是至少6wt%,比如至少8wt%,则金属陶瓷部件的性质得到优化,以形成完全致密的金属陶瓷。如果镍、碳化钼和碳的相加的重量百分比不超过35wt%,比如不超过30wt%,则金属陶瓷的性质也得到优化,因为如果金属陶瓷部件中的金属粘结剂含量高于此范围,则材料的邻接性将降低,这将对材料的性质具有不利的效果,比如硬度及韧性降低。
根据上下文所定义的方法的一个实施方案,硬钎焊合金为银基的。
根据上下文中所定义的方法的一个实施方案,至少一个其它部件选自金属陶瓷、硬质合金或包含钢的部件。
在烧结过程中,碳化钼溶解于金属粘结剂中,并且将以钼而非碳化钼的形式存在。如果添加单独的钼粉末和碳粉末,则两种粉末都会溶解在粘结剂中。看起来在烧结的样品中,会形成镍-钼基合金金属粘结剂和仅一种硬质相,该硬质相是多种碳化学计量的NbC。
本公开还涉及金属陶瓷部件的用途,该金属陶瓷部件包含碳化铌基硬质相和镍基金属粘结剂以及钼,所述用途为当通过使用硬钎焊合金将金属陶瓷部件硬钎焊到至少一个其它部件时用于减少熔融硬钎焊合金的接触角。可以理解,熔融硬钎焊合金为液态的硬钎焊合金。这通过将硬钎焊合金加热至略高于其熔点温度来实现。加热可在合适的保护气氛中进行。熔融的硬钎焊合金将流过待连接的部件,这称为润湿,然后将熔融的硬钎焊合金和部件冷却以将部件连接在一起。
接触角θ是熔融的硬钎焊合金与其所放置的表面所接触的角度。如图1所示,通过在冷却后的表面上拍摄熔融硬钎料的光学图像来测量(2)。沿着金属陶瓷(6)上的表面绘制第一条线(4),并且从与熔融硬钎料(12)的表面的接触点(10)延伸绘制第二条线(8)。然后测量这两条线之间的角度,这就是接触角(14)。较低的接触角意味着熔融硬钎焊合金更好的润湿性,因此在待连接的部件之间实现更好的连接。为了改善硬钎焊性,需要能够将接触角减小到可能的最小角度。
根据一个实施方案,将接触角减小到小于90°,比如小于或等于45°、比如小于或等于30°。如果接触角小于90°,则认为已实现良好的润湿,如果该角度大于90°,则不会发生润湿并且两个部件不会连接在一起。根据一个实施方案,将接触角减小到小于45°,比如小于30°。接触角越窄,粘附的表面积越大,因此所获得的硬钎焊接头越牢固。
根据一个实施方案,熔融硬钎料合金为银基的。
根据一个实施方案,所使用的至少一个其它部件选自金属陶瓷、硬质合金或包含钢的部件。
以下实施例为示例性的而非限制性的实施例。
实施例
通过将碳化铌预研磨20小时来制备碳化铌基金属陶瓷。称量预研磨的碳化铌粉末以及镍粉末和碳化钼粉末。然后将这些组分与PEG34在乙醇中用1200g研磨介质(cylpebs)研磨8小时,装料∶介质的质量比为1∶21。然后将所获得的粉末干燥、过筛并且使用TOX压机压制成尺寸约5.5×6.5×20mm的片。然后在1410℃至1450℃之间的温度下将该片真空烧结1小时。然后将烧结片在金刚石盘上粗磨,随后在较细的金刚石浆料上使用1μm金刚石砂粒以及硅胶末级抛光剂进行抛光,直至最终抛光。
对于硬钎焊性试验,将165μm厚的Johnson Matthey Metal Argobraze 64箔片(由64at%的Ag、26at%的Cu、2at%的Ni、2at%的Mn、6at%的In组成,重量约0.02g)放置在烧结样品的最大面上。然后用Johnson Matthey Easy-Flo焊剂覆盖硬钎焊合金以防止氧化。为了测试硬钎焊性,将样品放置在铜线圈的中心,该铜线圈由2.5匝直径为5mm的铜管制成,其内径为36mm,并且附接到15kW的Ambrel Ekoheat ES感应加热器上。对于每次测试,将电源设定为100伏,并且当开启时,硬钎料熔融所需的时间约为30秒。在人眼明显看到硬钎料熔融后,将电源继续保持3秒钟,然后关闭。一旦样品完全冷却,使用热水除去焊剂,然后拍摄熔融硬钎料的抛光横截面的光学图像以便可以测量接触角(θ)。
表1示出了在粉末混合阶段称量的组成、原子测定以及所测量的接触角的汇总。
拍摄熔融硬钎焊合金的光学显微镜图像,并且分别测量如图2-8中所示的样品A-G的接触角。从上表可以看出,如果在碳化铌基金属陶瓷中不添加碳化钼,则接触角>90°,因此不被润湿。然而,当即使将少量的碳化钼添加到组合物中时,接触角也显著地下降到90°以下并且实现良好的润湿。所实现的最小接触角是当在烧结样品中掺入4.2at%的Mo时。
还应该注意的是,当使用银基硬钎焊合金来硬钎焊具有钴或镍金属粘结剂的WC基硬质合金时,即使没有任何进一步添加所需的Mo或其它成分到组合物中,熔融硬钎焊合金的接触角也小于或等于90°。这意味着无需对硬质合金组合物进行任何进一步的修改就能实现良好的润湿和硬钎焊性。
如果所添加的碳化钼的量(wt%)超过所添加的镍的量,则观察到在硬质相中的碳化钼的析出。
添加其它碳化物(比如WC、TiC、VC、Cr3C2或ZrC)到具有碳化铌基硬质相和镍基金属粘结剂的金属陶瓷部件中不能实现同样的效果。对Mo2C而言,减小与熔融硬钎焊合金的接触角的积极效果是独特的。

Claims (15)

1.一种刀体,其包含:
金属陶瓷部件,所述金属陶瓷部件含有碳化铌基硬质相和镍基金属粘结剂;
硬钎焊合金;以及
至少一个其它部件,所述金属陶瓷部件将被硬钎焊至所述至少一个其它部件;
其特征在于:所述金属陶瓷部件含有至少0.5原子百分比的钼。
2.根据权利要求1所述的刀体,其中所述金属陶瓷部件的钼含量至少是1.0原子百分比。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的刀体,其中所述金属陶瓷部件的钼含量不大于10.6原子百分比。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的刀体,其中所述硬钎焊合金是银基的。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的刀体,其中所述至少一个其它部件选自金属陶瓷、硬质合金或包含钢的部件。
6.一种将金属陶瓷部件硬钎焊到至少一个其它部件的方法,所述金属陶瓷部件含有碳化铌基硬质相和镍基金属粘结剂,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a.提供硬质相粉末,所述硬质相粉末包含以所述硬质相粉末的总量计大于50wt%的碳化铌;
b.提供金属粘结剂粉末,所述金属粘结剂粉末包含以所述金属粘结剂粉末的总量计大于50wt%的镍;
c.将所述硬质相粉末和所述金属粘结剂粉末与有机粘结剂混合以获得粉末混合物;
d.研磨所获得的粉末混合物;
e.压制经过研磨的粉末混合物;
f.烧结经过压制的粉末混合物以获得烧结金属陶瓷部件;
g.提供硬钎焊合金;以及
h.通过使用所述硬钎焊合金将所获得的烧结金属陶瓷部件硬钎焊到至少一个其它部件;
其特征在于:在步骤c中,
添加碳化钼粉末,或
添加钼粉末和碳粉末。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所添加的碳化钼的重量百分比或钼和碳的相加的重量百分比,小于全部的粉末混合物的镍的重量百分比。
8.根据权利要求6或权利要求7所述的方法,其中镍和碳化钼或者钼和碳的相加的重量百分比,在全部的粉末混合物的6重量%至35重量%之间。
9.根据权利要求6至8中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述硬钎焊合金是银基的。
10.根据权利要求6至9中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述至少一个其它部件选自金属陶瓷、硬质合金或包含钢的部件。
11.一种金属陶瓷部件的用途,所述金属陶瓷包含碳化铌基硬质相和镍基金属粘结剂以及钼,所述金属陶瓷部件用于在其中通过使用硬钎焊合金将所述金属陶瓷部件硬钎焊到至少一个其它部件的方法期间减少熔融硬钎焊合金的接触角。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其中所述接触角减小到小于90°。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的用途,其中所述接触角减小到小于或等于45°。
14.根据权利要求11至13中的任一项所述的用途,其中所述硬钎焊合金是银基的。
15.根据权利要求11至14中的任一项所述的用途,其中所述金属陶瓷部件硬钎焊至的所述至少一个其它部件选自金属陶瓷、硬质合金或包含钢的部件。
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IL270328A (zh) 2019-12-31
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IL270328B1 (en) 2024-04-01
US20200198297A1 (en) 2020-06-25
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