CN110623275A - 具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及食品技术领域，具体涉及一种具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品及其制备方法，该食品包括以下重量份数的原料：金边蚂蟥多肽10‑15份；氨基酸5‑8份；葡萄籽粉6‑8份；韭菜籽粉6‑8份；绞股蓝粉6‑8份；黑木耳粉6‑8份；葛根粉5‑10份；山楂粉5‑10份；黑芝麻粉5‑10份；淮山粉10‑15份；食用淀粉5‑30份（按含量要求添加）。采用该方法制备得到的食品能够调理血脂、减小或消除动脉硬化斑块，降低血浆中胆固醇、脂肪含量，降低血液粘稠度、恢复血管弹性、增加血管血流量、减少血液凝块，防止血栓形成，具有防治血凝、血栓、降低血脂血压的作用效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品技术领域，具体涉及一种具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品及其制备方法。
背景技术
全世界每年死于心脑血管疾病的人数高达1500万人，居各种死因首位。心脑血管疾病及其并发症已成为危害人类生命的头号杀手，这些疾病多与血栓，血凝，血液粘度相关。血栓和血脂是50岁以上中老年人的常见病，严重威胁人类健康。临床治疗大多要严格依赖药物，现有口服溶栓产品存在性能差、化学溶栓药物副作用大、溶栓不彻底、对身体副作用大等许多缺点，而各类降脂、降胆固醇药物的副作用使治疗和应用范围受到限制。
水蛭多肽是从吸血水蛭金边蚂蟥唾液或鲜品提取物中提取出来的具有活性成分的天然物质，它是由65-66个氨基酸组成的小分子蛋白质(多肽)，又称水蛭素。天然水蛭素其分子量仅为7000道尔顿，极易溶于水和生理盐水，在常温下非常稳定，单纯的温度升高（100℃水浴），或pH改变（1～13）均不影响其活性。水蛭素是迄今为止发现的作用最强的凝血酶天然特异抑制剂，不受热或乙醇的破坏，对凝血酶有极强的抑制作用，因而对人类心脑血管疾病尤其是脑血栓等血栓性疾病有特效，其防治效果是任何物质所难以比拟的。临床研究表明水蛭素的主要药理作用有：(1)抗凝作用：水蛭中发现了多种物质，它们在凝血机制的不同环节起抑制作用，如凝血酶抑制剂水蛭素变异体家族、凝血因子Xa抑制剂antistasin、ghilanten；凝血因子VIII抑制剂；血小板糖蛋白抑制剂decorsin、ornatin；胶原诱导血小板聚集抑制剂Calin、Lapp等；(2)抗血栓作用：血管内血栓的形成，最根本的过程是由凝血酶引起的凝血作用。水蛭有直接溶解血栓的作用，它不仅可以与血浆中游离的凝血酶结合，还可中和与纤维蛋白结合的凝血酶，故水蛭素对各种血栓病有效，尤其对弥漫性血管内凝血作用显著；(3)抗肿瘤作用：水蛭的高抗凝作用作用有利于抗癌药理活性物质(如锰、镁、锌等元素)及免疫活性细胞侵入癌组织而杀伤癌细胞；(4)降血脂作用：动物实验表明，水蛭能显著降低高脂动物的血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白，并提高高密度脂蛋白水平；(5)对脑血肿、皮下血肿作用：实验证明，凝血酶是神经毒性介质之一，低剂量能保护神经元和胶质细胞免受低血糖、缺血等损伤导致的细胞死亡，大剂量则可导致脑水肿，脑细胞不可逆损伤及脑细胞凋亡。
水蛭素（水蛭多肽）不仅具有很好的抗凝、抗血栓作用，而且经加工提取的水蛭素还可用于缓解动脉粥样硬化、痉挛，降低血压的黏着力，能显著减轻高血压、高血脂的症状。同时相关研究还表明，天然水蛭素的抗凝作用非常专一，抗凝效果比肝素强，且天然水蛭素在抑制凝血酶活性时不依赖于ATⅢ和肝素辅助因子Ⅱ的参与。天然水蛭素与其他抗凝药如肝素相比, 其抗凝效果更可靠。由于上述这些优点，作为直接凝血酶抑制剂的天然水蛭素，目前，在欧洲及北美地区，已经被推荐取代传统肝素，常规用于心血管疾病的抗凝防治。
利用水蛭防治疾病，其传统的方法有三种，第一种为直接对水蛭煎煮食用，第二种为干水蛭研粉食用，第三种为水蛭浸泡白酒或蜂蜜水食用；上述食用方法的优点是用药成本低，但缺点是严重破坏了水蛭的活性成分，水蛭素的提取率和利用率较低，损失了部分水蛭素。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品及其制备方法，该方法采用从金边蚂蟥中提取得到的金边蚂蟥多肽和氨基酸一起制备具有抗凝防栓作用的食品，采用该方法制备得到的食品能够调理血脂、减小或消除动脉硬化斑块，降低血浆中胆固醇、脂肪含量，降低血液粘稠度、恢复血管弹性、增加血管血流量、减少血液凝块，防止血栓形成，从而起到防治血凝、血栓、降低血脂血压的作用效果。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品，该食品包括以下重量份数的原料：金边蚂蟥多肽10-15份；氨基酸5-8份；葡萄籽粉6-8份；韭菜籽粉6-8份；绞股蓝粉6-8份；黑木耳粉6-8份；葛根粉5-10份；山楂粉5-10份；黑芝麻粉5-10份；淮山粉10-15份；食用淀粉5-30份（按含量要求添加）。
上述的具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品，所述的金边蚂蟥多肽是从吸血水蛭金边蚂蟥唾液或鲜品提取物中提取出来的具有活性成分的天然物质，它是由65-66个氨基酸组成的小分子蛋白质(多肽)，提取方法包括如下步骤：
（1）选取健康成年的吸血水蛭金边蚂蟥活体，净化养殖30-40天，不喂食，期间保持洁净长流水，然后将水蛭转移到提取车间，喂食诱导液65-70分钟至饱，清除残留诱导液和喂食器材；所述的诱导液是由重量份数的葡萄糖粉0.5～1份，氯化钠 0.5～1.0份，柠檬酸1-1.5份，水100～120份的比例配制得到的；
（2）再注入质量分数为0.3%-0.5%的硫酸锌溶液作为催吐剂，催吐剂的用量与吸饱诱导液后的水蛭活体之间的重量比为1:5-6，静置30-50分钟，使吸饱诱导液的水蛭反吐出体内的唾液；收集所得唾液即为水蛭多肽原液；提取原液后的吸血水蛭金边蚂蟥重新放养供下一次提取或制成干品销售；
（3）将原液过滤、去杂、浓缩，加入冰醋酸，搅拌均匀，使原液呈酸性，PH控制在3-4，于20℃环境温度中静置5小时，低速离心，去沉淀取清液，再将此清液加热到60℃，保持温度30分钟不变，30分钟后静置自然冷却至常温，高速离心机离心，去渣留液，即为金边蚂蟥多肽提取液；
（4）在金边蚂蟥多肽提取液中加入可溶性淀粉，可溶性淀粉的加入量是金边蚂蟥多肽提取液重量的10-30%，充分溶解后放到真空冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥，粉碎后即得金边蚂蟥多肽。
上述的具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品，所述的氨基酸为甘氨酸 、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、组氨酸以及丝氨酸中的2种以上。
上述的具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品，所述的食用淀粉包括玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、番薯粉、木薯淀粉中的一种或多种。
所述的具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品，其制备方法为：按照重量份数先将干燥的金边蚂蟥多肽和氨基酸加入到食用淀粉中混合均匀，然后再加入干燥的葡萄籽粉、韭菜籽粉、葛根粉、绞股蓝粉、山楂粉、黑木耳粉、黑芝麻粉和淮山粉，搅拌，混合均匀，过60目筛，灭菌，将得到的混合物料做成粉状、片状、颗粒状或胶囊状的食品，包装，即可。
本发明中所用到的金边蚂蟥多肽是从吸血水蛭金边蚂蟥唾液中提取出来的具有活性成分的天然物质，它是由65-66个氨基酸组成的小分子蛋白质(多肽)，又称水蛭素。 动物试验与临床研究表明，水蛭多肽能高效抗凝血、抗血栓形成，以及阻止凝血酶催化的凝血因子活化和血小板反应等进一步血瘀现象。此外，它还能抑制凝血酶诱导的成纤维细胞的增殖和凝血酶对内皮细胞的刺激。与肝素相比，它不仅用量少，不会引起出血，也不依赖于内源性辅助因子。临床常用于多重血栓性疾病的治疗,可以消除血管阻塞,使血细胞解聚,血栓消散,促进微血管复通,改善微循环状态.目前,常用于调节血脂,消除脂肪肝,直接溶化血栓,消除动脉粥样硬化,防止中风和再次中风,激活人体自身的溶栓功能,避免再次产生溶栓等.天然水蛭素是是防治人类心脑血管疾病的特效天然药物,能预防血栓形成,促进伤口愈合,具有降血脂、降血压、扩张外周血管、加速血液循环的作用；不仅是防治人类心脑血管疾病的特效天然药物，而且在医药、美容护肤品、保健品和生化试剂等领域有着广阔的应用前景。
本发明中所用到的氨基酸为甘氨酸 、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、组氨酸以及丝氨酸中的2种以上。这些氨基酸在人体中具有很好的增强免疫能力、防治高血压、促进血管扩张，增加血管壁的渗透性，防治血凝、血栓等作用。如甘氨酸（GLY）是氨基酸系列中结构最为简单的一种氨基酸，甘氨酸能防治血凝、血栓，提高肌肉活力，防止胃酸过多，具有降低血液中的胆固醇浓度，降低血液中的血糖值，防治高血压、糖尿病的作用，其甜味为砂糖的0.8倍，对人体有补益等营养作用，作为营养增补剂广泛应用于医药、食品等领域。组氨酸（HIS）参与血球蛋白合成，促进血液生成，而且能产生组氨、促进血管扩张，增加血管壁的渗透性，对医治胃病、十二指肠等有特效，对治疗心功能不全、心绞痛、降低血压、哮喘及类风湿关节炎有效果。将这些氨基酸作为原料进行制备具有抗凝防栓作用的食品，能够大大增加所制得的食品的抗凝血、溶血栓以及降血脂血压的功效。
本发明中所用到的葡萄籽粉是指葡萄籽提取物萄多酚，可通过市售得到。葡萄籽粉能有效清除人体内多余的自由基，具有超强的延缓衰老和增强免疫力的作用，能够抗氧化、抗过敏、抗疲劳增强体质、改善亚健康状态延缓衰老、改善烦躁易怒、头昏乏力、记忆力减退等症状。葡萄籽可明显提高血管抵抗力，降低(毛细血管)的渗透性，保护心脑血管，降低胆固醇，防止动脉硬化，预防脑溢血、中风、偏瘫等。葡萄籽能够维持毛细血管适度的渗透性，增加血管强度，减低毛细血管易脆性。能降血脂、降血压，抑制血栓的形成，减少脂肪肝的发生；预防血管壁脆弱引起的浮肿、血丝;减轻水肿及腿部肿胀，减轻淤伤、运动受伤；改善静脉曲张、静脉机能不全、静脉炎，防治毛细血管出血。葡萄籽还具有保护胃粘膜，防治胃炎、胃溃疡及十二指肠溃疡的作用。
韭菜籽，为百合科植物韭菜Allium tuberosum Rottl. 的干燥成熟种子，韭菜籽粉是采用子粒饱满、色黑、成熟的韭菜籽为原料，进行小火炒熟，也就是炙黄，然后打磨成粉得到的。韭菜籽粉富含维生素C、胡萝卜素、钾、钙、铁、硫化物、甙类等，韭菜籽有良好的药用价值，其味辛，入肝经、温中、行气、散瘀，叶味甘辛咸,具有温补肝肾，壮阳固精，助阳防早泄、暖腰膝的作用。韭菜籽具有润肠通便、疏肝理气、增强消化功能，促进食欲的作用。韭菜子还能增强肠胃蠕动，对预防肠癌有极好的效果，还含有挥发性精油及含硫化合物，具有降低血脂，对高血脂及冠心病患者都有好处。
绞股蓝粉是将葫芦科植物绞股蓝Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Mak. 的全草进行洗净、晒干后粉碎得到的。绞股蓝具有祛痰湿、健脾胃的作用，现代药理学研究表明绞股蓝中含有皂苷、氨基酸、黄酮、多糖和多种无机元素等，具有抗疲劳、免疫调节、降血脂、降血糖、保肝、抗肿瘤、抗缺氧，抗衰老、抗溃疡、防治血栓，防治心血管疾患，调节血糖，促睡眠，防抗癌，提高免疫力，调节人体生理机能等功效，对大脑、心脏等脏器也有很好的保护作用。绞股蓝能保护肾上腺和胸腺及内分泌器官随年龄的增长而不致萎缩，维持内分泌系统的机能，并具有降血糖和改善糖代谢作用。绞股蓝具有显著降低胆固醇（TCH）、甘油三脂（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、升高高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、保护血管内壁，阻止脂质在血管壁沉积，抗动脉硬化的作用。绞股蓝可以调节氧在体内分解后产生的废物——脂肪酸，达到降血脂的目的。
葛根粉，为豆科植物野葛Puerarialobata（Willd.）Ohwi、甘葛藤P.thomsoniiBenth.的块根经水磨而澄取的淀粉。具有解热除烦，生津止渴之功效，用于烦热，口渴，醉酒，喉痹，疮疖。葛根具有清腻解热，祛痰止咳，降血糖的作用，保护心脑血管健康；葛根含有大量的膳食纤维，能改善便秘，清除体内毒素，减少癌病的发生；解酒、养胃、保肝、护肝；常食葛根粉能调节人体机能，增强体质，提高机体抗病能力，抗衰延年；葛根异黄酮具有较高的植物雌激素，可激活卵巢活力，使皮肤光滑细嫩。现代医学表明葛根还可以扩张冠脉血管，增加血流量，有降压、降脂的作用。
山楂粉是采用山楂Crataegus pinnatifida磨成的粉，山楂含有多种的营养物质，比如蛋白质、脂肪和钙等矿物质，对促进脂肪类食物的消化有很大帮助，比如消化不良、冠心病等。经过现代研究证明，山楂含有枸橼酸、苹果酸、抗坏血酸、酶和蛋白质、碳水化合物。食用山楂具有促进胃肠消化，防治心血管疾病，降低血压和胆固醇、软化血管及利尿和镇静等作用; 山楂含有黄酮类的物质，具有扩张冠状动脉的效果，还能促进胃液的分泌。山楂在中医当中，具有消积化滞、收敛止痢、活血化瘀等作用；适合有高血压、高血脂或肥胖症等人群，具有降低血压和血脂等功效。
本发明中所用到的黑木耳粉是将黑木耳（Auricularia auricula (L.ex Hook.)Underwood）用温水泡发，去除杂质，清洗，用开水焯熟黑木耳后，干燥，粉碎得到的。黑木耳营养丰富，含蛋白质，脂肪，钙，碳水化合物，磷，铁，胡萝卜素，微生素，维生素B1，此外含有大量纤维、钾、镁和钠等。黑木耳粉具有滋补、益胃、凉血、止血、清肺润肠等功效,对咯血、吐血、鼻血、痔疮出血、便秘也有效。黑木耳粉含有丰富的营养素，其脂肪成分中含有的卵磷脂、脑磷脂、鞘磷脂等磷脂类化合物，可以帮助延缓老年人思维、记忆力减退及老年痴呆症的发生，还能降低血浆中胆固醇、脂肪含量。黑木耳粉中的腺苷具有降低血脂和血黏度，抑制血小板凝集以及减轻动脉硬化、防止血栓形成、防止中风发生的功能。黑木耳具有显著的抗凝作用，它能阻止血液中的胆固醇在血管上的沉积和凝结。由于黑木耳的抗血小板聚集和降低血凝作用，可以减少血液凝块，防止血栓形成，对延缓中年人动脉硬化的发生发展十分有益，不仅对冠心病，对其他心脑血管疾病以及动脉硬化症也具有较好的防治和保健的作用。
黑芝麻粉是脂麻科植物脂麻Sesamum indicum L.的成熟种子磨成的粉，择取优质黑芝麻籽经过烘炒杀菌等工艺加工而成，黑芝麻籽粉中维生素E非常丰富，具有延缓衰老、补肝肾、润五脏，强筋骨、益气力、延年益寿等作用，可用于治疗肝肾精血不足所致的眩晕、须发早白、脱发、腰膝酸软、四肢乏力、步履艰难、五脏虚损、皮燥发枯、肠燥便秘等病症，在乌发养颜方面的功效，更是有口皆碑。黑芝麻中所含亚油酸可降低血中胆固醇含量，有防治动脉硬化作用；可使实验动物的肾上腺皮质功能受到某种程度的抑制；可降低血糖，并增加肝脏及肌肉中糖元含量，但大剂量下可使糖元含量下降；所含脂肪油能滑肠通便。
淮山粉，是将新鲜淮山(学名:Dioscorea opposita Thunb.)进行清洗除杂，蒸煮，去皮、烘干粉碎灭菌后得到的，淮山中含有大量淀粉及蛋白质、B族维生素、维生素c、维生素E、葡萄糖、粗蛋白氨基酸、胆汁碱(choline)等。淮山粉能防止心血管系统脂肪沉淀，保持血管的弹性，防止动脉粥样硬化过早发生，减少皮下脂肪沉积。中医认为淮山淮山具有健脾、补肺、固肾、益精等多种功效。并且对肺虚咳嗽、脾虚泄泻、肾虚遗精、带下及小便频繁等症，都有一定的疗补作用。淮山有健脾、除湿、补气、益肺、固肾、益精的功效，淮山含有可溶性纤维，能推迟胃内食物的排空，控制饭后血糖升高；还能助消化、降血糖，用于糖尿病脾虚泄泻，小便频数。
本发明的有益效果为：
1、本发明所述的金边蚂蟥多肽的提取方法，该方法采用诱导液和催吐剂进行提取吸血水蛭（金边蚂蟥）的唾液即水蛭多肽原液，可避免通常采用的人工挤压法所引起的吸血水蛭死亡率高的问题，采用本发明中所限定的提取方法提取得到的水蛭多肽活性高、质量好，抗凝血酶活性含量高。
2、本发明具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品，是由水蛭多肽、氨基酸、葡萄籽粉、绞股蓝粉、黑芝麻粉等多种原料制备得到的，这些原料对抗血凝防血栓，降血脂降血压，防治心血管疾患，增强免疫力都有很好的作用效果。采用这些原料复合使用制备食品能有效增强抗凝防栓的效果，制备得到的产品具有强效溶解血栓、降低胆固醇、软化血管，提高免疫力，预防血管破裂，防治高血压、高血脂等效果。
3、本发明制备得到的具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品具有如下特点：①预防血栓形成，溶解已有血栓，疏通血管；②降低血液粘稠度，加速血液流动，促进血液循环；③减小或消除动脉硬化斑块，软化血管恢复血管弹性、修复血管内壁光滑度、增加血管血流量、缩小或去除血管内壁斑块；④调理血脂、降低血浆中胆固醇、脂肪含量，强力清除血液中的垃圾毒素，降血脂、降血压，扩张外周血管，加速血液循环⑤减少血液凝块，防止血栓形成，防治血栓，防治心血管疾病，调节血糖，促睡眠，防抗癌，提高免疫力，调节人体生理机能。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品，该食品包括以下重量份数的原料：金边蚂蟥多肽15份；氨基酸6份（其中甘氨酸3份，赖氨酸3份）；葡萄籽粉8份；韭菜籽粉6份；绞股蓝粉8份；黑木耳粉8份；葛根粉5份；山楂粉5份；黑芝麻粉5份；淮山粉15份；玉米淀粉19份。
所述的金边蚂蟥多肽的提取方法包括如下步骤：
（1）选取健康成年的吸血水蛭金边蚂蟥活体，净化养殖30天，不喂食，期间保持洁净长流水，然后将水蛭转移到提取车间，喂食诱导液65分钟至饱，清除残留诱导液和喂食器材；所述的诱导液是由重量份数的葡萄糖粉0.5份，氯化钠1.0份，柠檬酸1份，水100份的比例配制得到的；
（2）再注入质量分数为0.3%的硫酸锌溶液作为催吐剂，催吐剂的用量与吸饱诱导液后的水蛭活体之间的重量比为1:6，静置30分钟，使吸饱诱导液的水蛭反吐出体内的唾液；收集所得唾液即为水蛭多肽原液；提取原液后的吸血水蛭金边蚂蟥重新放养供下一次提取或制成干品销售；
（3）将原液过滤、去杂、浓缩，加入冰醋酸，搅拌均匀，使原液呈酸性，PH控制在3.8，于20℃环境温度中静置5小时，低速离心，去沉淀取清液，再将此清液加热到60℃，保持温度30分钟不变，30分钟后静置自然冷却至常温，高速离心机离心，去渣留液，即为金边蚂蟥多肽提取液；
（4）在金边蚂蟥多肽提取液中加入可溶性淀粉，可溶性淀粉的加入量是金边蚂蟥多肽提取液重量的10%，充分溶解后放到真空冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥，粉碎后即得金边蚂蟥多肽；
所述的具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸水蛭多肽食品，其制备方法为：按照重量份数先将干燥的金边蚂蟥多肽和氨基酸加入到玉米淀粉中混合均匀，然后再加入干燥的葡萄籽粉、韭菜籽粉、葛根粉、绞股蓝粉、山楂粉、黑木耳粉、黑芝麻粉和淮山粉，搅拌，混合均匀，过60目筛，灭菌，将得到的混合物料做成粉状的食品，包装，即可。
实施例2
一种具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品，该食品包括以下重量份数的原料：金边蚂蟥多肽10份；氨基酸8份（其中赖氨酸3份，蛋氨酸3份，组氨酸2份）；葡萄籽粉8份；韭菜籽粉8份；绞股蓝粉8份；黑木耳粉8份；葛根粉5份；山楂粉5份；黑芝麻粉10份；淮山粉10份；马铃薯淀粉20份。
所述的金边蚂蟥多肽的提取方法包括如下步骤：
（1）选取健康成年的吸血水蛭金边蚂蟥活体，净化养殖35天，不喂食，期间保持洁净长流水，然后将水蛭转移到提取车间，喂食诱导液68分钟至饱，清除残留诱导液和喂食器材；所述的诱导液是由重量份数的葡萄糖粉1份，氯化钠 0.5份，柠檬酸1.3份，水110份的比例配制得到的；
（2）再注入质量分数为0.4%的硫酸锌溶液作为催吐剂，催吐剂的用量与吸饱诱导液后的水蛭活体之间的重量比为1:5.5，静置40分钟，使吸饱诱导液的水蛭反吐出体内的唾液；收集所得唾液即为水蛭多肽原液；提取原液后的吸血水蛭金边蚂蟥重新放养供下一次提取或制成干品销售；
（3）将原液过滤、去杂、浓缩，加入冰醋酸，搅拌均匀，使原液呈酸性，PH为3，于20℃环境温度中静置5小时，低速离心，去沉淀取清液，再将此清液加热到60℃，保持温度30分钟不变，30分钟后静置自然冷却至常温，高速离心机离心，去渣留液，即为金边蚂蟥多肽提取液；
（4）在金边蚂蟥多肽提取液中加入可溶性淀粉，可溶性淀粉的加入量是金边蚂蟥多肽提取液重量的20%，充分溶解后放到真空冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥，粉碎后即得金边蚂蟥多肽；
所述的具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸水蛭多肽食品，其制备方法为：按照重量份数先将干燥的金边蚂蟥多肽和氨基酸加入到马铃薯淀粉中混合均匀，然后再加入干燥的葡萄籽粉、韭菜籽粉、葛根粉、绞股蓝粉、山楂粉、黑木耳粉、黑芝麻粉和淮山粉，搅拌，混合均匀，过60目筛，灭菌，将得到的混合物料做成片状的食品，包装，即可。
实施例3
一种具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品，该食品包括以下重量份数的原料：金边蚂蟥多肽12份；氨基酸6份（甘氨酸2份+组氨酸2份+丝氨酸2份）；葡萄籽粉7份；韭菜籽粉6份；绞股蓝粉7份；黑木耳粉6份；葛根粉10份；山楂粉8份；黑芝麻粉8份；淮山粉12份；番薯粉18份。
所述的金边蚂蟥多肽的提取方法包括如下步骤：
（1）选取健康成年的吸血水蛭金边蚂蟥活体，净化养殖40天，不喂食，期间保持洁净长流水，然后将水蛭转移到提取车间，喂食诱导液70分钟至饱，清除残留诱导液和喂食器材；所述的诱导液是由重量份数的葡萄糖粉0.7份，氯化钠 0.8份，柠檬酸1.2份，水120份的比例配制得到的；
（2）再注入质量分数为0.5%的硫酸锌溶液作为催吐剂，催吐剂的用量与吸饱诱导液后的水蛭活体之间的重量比为1:5，静置50分钟，使吸饱诱导液的水蛭反吐出体内的唾液；收集所得唾液即为水蛭多肽原液；提取原液后的吸血水蛭金边蚂蟥重新放养供下一次提取或制成干品销售；
（3）将原液过滤、去杂、浓缩，加入冰醋酸，搅拌均匀，使原液呈酸性，PH控制在4.0，于20℃环境温度中静置5小时，低速离心，去沉淀取清液，再将此清液加热到60℃，保持温度30分钟不变，30分钟后静置自然冷却至常温，高速离心机离心，去渣留液，即为金边蚂蟥多肽提取液；
（4）在金边蚂蟥多肽提取液中加入可溶性淀粉，可溶性淀粉的加入量是金边蚂蟥多肽提取液重量的30%，充分溶解后放到真空冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥，粉碎后即得金边蚂蟥多肽。
所述的具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸水蛭多肽食品，其制备方法为：按照重量份数先将干燥的金边蚂蟥多肽和氨基酸加入到番薯粉中混合均匀，然后再加入干燥的葡萄籽粉、韭菜籽粉、葛根粉、绞股蓝粉、山楂粉、黑木耳粉、黑芝麻粉和淮山粉，搅拌，混合均匀，过60目筛，灭菌，将得到的混合物料做成颗粒状的食品，包装，即可。
实施例4
一种具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品，该食品包括以下重量份数的原料：金边蚂蟥多肽15份；氨基酸7份（甘氨酸4份+丝氨酸3份）；葡萄籽粉8份；韭菜籽粉7份；绞股蓝粉7份；黑木耳粉7份；葛根粉6份；山楂粉8份；黑芝麻粉10份；淮山粉15份；食用淀粉（番薯粉和木薯淀粉）5份。
所述的金边蚂蟥多肽的提取方法包括如下步骤：
（1）选取健康成年的吸血水蛭金边蚂蟥活体，净化养殖37天，不喂食，期间保持洁净长流水，然后将水蛭转移到提取车间，喂食诱导液65分钟至饱，清除残留诱导液和喂食器材；所述的诱导液是由重量份数的葡萄糖粉0.5份，氯化钠 0.8份，柠檬酸1.5份，水120份的比例配制得到的；
（2）再注入质量分数为0.3%的硫酸锌溶液作为催吐剂，催吐剂的用量与吸饱诱导液后的水蛭活体之间的重量比为1:6，静置40分钟，使吸饱诱导液的水蛭反吐出体内的唾液；收集所得唾液即为水蛭多肽原液；提取原液后的吸血水蛭金边蚂蟥重新放养供下一次提取或制成干品销售；
（3）将原液过滤、去杂、浓缩，加入冰醋酸，搅拌均匀，使原液呈酸性，PH控制在3-4，于20℃环境温度中静置5小时，低速离心，去沉淀取清液，再将此清液加热到60℃，保持温度30分钟不变，30分钟后静置自然冷却至常温，高速离心机离心，去渣留液，即为金边蚂蟥多肽提取液；
（4）在金边蚂蟥多肽提取液中加入可溶性淀粉，可溶性淀粉的加入量是金边蚂蟥多肽提取液重量的16%，充分溶解后放到真空冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥，粉碎后即得金边蚂蟥多肽。
所述的具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品，其制备方法为：按照重量份数先将干燥的金边蚂蟥多肽和氨基酸加入到食用淀粉中混合均匀，然后再加入干燥的葡萄籽粉、韭菜籽粉、葛根粉、绞股蓝粉、山楂粉、黑木耳粉、黑芝麻粉和淮山粉，搅拌，混合均匀，过60目筛，灭菌，将得到的混合物料做成胶囊状的食品，包装，即可。
质量检测
将本发明实施例1制备得到的产品（粉状）进行质量检测，检测结果如下表1所示：
上述可见，本发明制备得到的食品抗凝血酶活性含量高，且符合食品的相关规定。
Claims (6)
1.一种具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品，其特征在于，该食品包括以下重量份数的原料：金边蚂蟥多肽10-15份；氨基酸5-8份；葡萄籽粉6-8份；韭菜籽粉6-8份；绞股蓝粉6-8份；黑木耳粉6-8份；葛根粉5-10份；山楂粉5-10份；黑芝麻粉5-10份；淮山粉10-15份；食用淀粉5-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品，其特征在于，所述的金边蚂蟥多肽的提取方法包括如下步骤：
（1）选取健康成年的吸血水蛭金边蚂蟥活体，净化养殖30-40天，不喂食，期间保持洁净长流水，然后将水蛭转移到提取车间，喂食诱导液65-70分钟至饱，清除残留诱导液和喂食器材；
（2）再注入质量分数为0.3%-0.5%的硫酸锌溶液作为催吐剂，催吐剂的用量与吸饱诱导液后的水蛭活体之间的重量比为1:5-6，静置30-50分钟，使吸饱诱导液的水蛭反吐出体内的唾液；收集所得唾液即为水蛭多肽原液；提取原液后的吸血水蛭金边蚂蟥重新放养供下一次提取或制成干品销售；
（3）将原液过滤、去杂、浓缩，加入冰醋酸，搅拌均匀，使原液呈酸性，PH控制在3-4，于20℃环境温度中静置5小时，低速离心，去沉淀取清液，再将此清液加热到60℃，保持温度30分钟不变，30分钟后静置自然冷却至常温，高速离心机离心，去渣留液，即为金边蚂蟥多肽提取液；
（4）在金边蚂蟥多肽提取液中加入可溶性淀粉，可溶性淀粉的加入量是金边蚂蟥多肽提取液重量的10-30%，充分溶解后放到真空冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥，粉碎后即得金边蚂蟥多肽。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品，其特征在于，所述的氨基酸为甘氨酸 、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、组氨酸以及丝氨酸中的2种以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品，其特征在于，所述的食用淀粉包括玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、番薯粉、木薯淀粉中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品，其特征在于，金边蚂蟥多肽的提取方法中所述的诱导液是由重量份数的葡萄糖粉0.5～1份，氯化钠 0.5～1.0份，柠檬酸1-1.5份，水100～120份的比例配制得到的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的具有抗凝防栓作用的复合氨基酸金边蚂蟥多肽食品，其特征在于，其制备方法为：按照重量份数先将干燥的金边蚂蟥多肽和氨基酸加入到食用淀粉中混合均匀，然后再加入干燥的葡萄籽粉、韭菜籽粉、葛根粉、绞股蓝粉、山楂粉、黑木耳粉、黑芝麻粉和淮山粉，搅拌，混合均匀，过60目筛，灭菌，将得到的混合物料做成粉状、片状、颗粒状或胶囊状的食品，包装，即可。
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