CN110622822B - Warming root-promoting agent for tobacco growth and use method thereof - Google Patents
Warming root-promoting agent for tobacco growth and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110622822B CN110622822B CN201910897644.8A CN201910897644A CN110622822B CN 110622822 B CN110622822 B CN 110622822B CN 201910897644 A CN201910897644 A CN 201910897644A CN 110622822 B CN110622822 B CN 110622822B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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Abstract
A preparation method of a temperature-increasing root-promoting agent for tobacco growth is characterized by comprising the following steps: the warming root-growth promoting agent is prepared from the following raw materials: 50-80% of oil cake, 5-35% of leavening agent, 5-8% of quicklime and 6-12% of rice hull biochar. The temperature-increasing root-promoting agent prepared by the invention enables the temperature after seedling raising and transplanting of tobacco to be rapidly increased to the temperature required for promoting the growth of the roots of the tobacco, and the temperature is kept stable and not reduced for a long time, so that the limitation condition of low temperature in the early stage of tobacco growth on the growth and development of the roots is obviously improved, the growth of the upper part of a flue-cured tobacco field and the development of the roots are promoted, and a good foundation is laid for the stable yield and high quality of tobacco leaves. The temperature-increasing root-promoting agent prepared by the method is applied to the tobacco cultivation process, the temperature-increasing amplitude is 0.2-0.5 ℃ within 7 days after transplanting, the temperature-increasing effect is most obvious in 8-14 days after transplanting, and the temperature-increasing amplitude is 1.0-2.1 ℃. Meanwhile, the growth of the root system and the overground part of the flue-cured tobacco is obviously promoted in the agglomeration period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological agents, and relates to a temperature-increasing root-promoting agent for tobacco growth and a using method thereof.
Background
In the years of the Mingtian calendar, China has the history of tobacco planting. The flue-cured tobacco cultivation in China adopts seedling transplantation, seedling cultivation is started before and after grain rain every year, and harvesting is started in July. The flue-cured tobacco cultivation is to firstly grow seedlings, then transplant the cultured tobacco seedlings into field soil, and the transplanted tobacco seedlings are required to be strong, sufficient, appropriate and neat. The morphological standard of strong seedlings is reasonable in root, stem and leaf structure, more lateral roots, developed root system and strong vitality; the leaf color is normal, the size of the leaf is moderate, and 8-10 leaves are transplanted; the young stems are thick and strong, and the seedling height is moderate; the dry weight of the single plant is high; no disease and pest. The yield of strong seedlings can be increased by 15-30% compared with weak seedlings, and the quality of strong seedlings can be increased by 5-20%. However, the growth of root system development is started 7-10 days after transplanting strong seedlings, and the root system development enters a rapid growth stage in the clumping stage. At present, most of Chongqing flue-cured tobaccos are concentrated in 900-1300 m at middle and high altitude areas, the transplanting time is 5 months from the bottom of 4 months, the average temperature is changed at 11-18 ℃, and the temperature suitable for the transplanting period is required to be more than 15 ℃ for 3 days. In addition, the air temperature in the tobacco areas 4 and 5 in months varies from 11.7 ℃ to 23.8 ℃, the rapid growth temperature of the tobacco is 22 ℃ to 28 ℃, particularly the rapid growth temperature is 25 ℃ to 28 ℃, and the improvement degree and the yield increase degree of the tobacco leaves can be greatly influenced when the temperature is increased by 1 ℃ in the limit temperature range in the tobacco leaf growth process. Therefore, the temperature of the high-altitude tobacco area in Chongqing cannot meet the temperature required by the sound growth of the root system of the transplanted tobacco seedlings, so that the growth of the root system and the overground part in the early stage of flue-cured tobacco is slow, and the quality and the yield of the tobacco leaves are influenced.
Therefore, proper temperature increasing and root promoting measures are very important in the early growth stage of the flue-cured tobacco. At present, the primary measures for warming the tobacco field are mainly mulching, and the purposes of warming and promoting the roots by a biological preparation technology are not reported. The agent for promoting the root of the tobacco seedlings in the early stage is limited to hormones and some chemical substances, but the biological preparation technology does not relate to the agent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the adverse effect of low temperature in the early growth stage of the flue-cured tobacco crops on the growth and development of roots, the invention aims to provide the temperature-increasing root-promoting agent for tobacco growth, and the temperature-increasing root-promoting agent can stably increase the temperature of soil in a tobacco root layer, realize lasting heat preservation and effectively promote the growth and development of the roots of the flue-cured tobacco crops.
Another purpose of the invention is to provide a method for promoting the temperature and the root with high efficiency.
The purpose of the invention is realized according to the following technical scheme:
a warming root-promoting agent for tobacco growth is characterized in that: the warming root-growth promoting agent is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50-80% of oil cake, 5-35% of leavening agent, 5-8% of quicklime and 6-12% of rice hull biochar.
Further, the temperature-increasing root-promoting agent for tobacco growth is characterized in that: the composite material consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 60 to 70 percent of oil cake, 20 to 30 percent of leavening agent, 5 to 7 percent of quicklime and 8 to 10 percent of rice hull biochar.
Further, the leaven is a liquid leaven, the main component of which can be one or more beneficial microorganisms in bacillus, actinomycete and saccharomyces, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g, for example, the leaven can be produced by Shandong Junde biological science and technology limited company and is named as organic material leaven.
In the process of warming and promoting roots, heat release and warming are easy to realize, but the temperature is easy to rapidly increase too fast and too high, so that seedlings are burnt; or after the temperature rises, the temperature can not be kept continuously, the temperature quickly drops in a short time, and the root growth and the survival rate of the transplanted tobacco are seriously influenced, so that the problem that the temperature stably rises for a long time after the temperature begins to rise is that the temperature does not drop. The oil cake in the raw materials has rich organic matters, nutrient elements and physiological active substances required by the growth and development of tobacco, belongs to a thermal fertilizer, and can release heat after the organic matters are rapidly decomposed in the fermentation process and also provide rich nitrogen sources and energy sources for the growth and the propagation of microorganisms; a small amount of quicklime realizes quick heat release, so that the temperature is raised, the temperature rise in the seedling returning stage is controlled to prevent seedling burning, the temperature raising effect is started, the microbial fermentation is started, the phenomenon that the oil cake is acidified in the fermentation process to block the development of the young roots is also prevented, and the combination of the oil cake and the quicklime also provides a proper environment for the microbial fermentation; the porosity and the high specific surface area of the rice hull biochar enable the soil environment to be loose and breathable, a good adhesion carrier is provided for microorganisms, a carbon source is provided, besides, quicklime is adsorbed by the biochar, so that the biochar continuously and slowly releases heat in the warming process, nutrient components in oil cakes are locked at the same time, the biochar is not prone to quickly losing in soil, and the microorganisms realize quick and stable growth and reproduction and realize stable heat release in the environment where the oil cakes, the quicklime and the rice hull biochar are matched. Through quick lime heat release and temperature increase, the quick lime that heats in-process rice husk biochar absorption slowly releases the heat, and oil cake is decomposed in the fermentation process, and the microorganism breeds the release heat, has realized that the temperature in the soil steadily rises to the required temperature of tobacco root development growth in tobacco root growth phase, and keeps not obviously descending in root development phase, provides suitable growth temperature for the root system well.
A temperature-increasing root-promoting method for tobacco growth is characterized in that: when the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, 50% -80% of oil cake, 5% -8% of quicklime and 6% -12% of rice hull biochar are uniformly mixed and then buried at the bottom and the periphery of a root system, and after the transplanting is finished, 5% -35% of the liquid leavening agent is sprayed at the root and the periphery of the seedlings.
Specifically, the temperature-increasing root-promoting agent required by one strain of tobacco seedlings comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 50-80g of oil cake, 5-8g of quicklime, 6-12g of rice hull biochar and 5-35g of leavening agent.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
by adopting the temperature-increasing root-promoting method for tobacco seedling transplantation, the temperature of the soil is continuously increased to the temperature required for promoting the growth of the roots of the tobacco, and the temperature can be kept within an appropriate range for a long time without being reduced, so that the limitation condition of the lower temperature in the early stage of the tobacco growth on the growth and development of the root system is obviously improved, the growth and the development of the root system on the grassland are promoted, meanwhile, loose and breathable appropriate environment soil is provided for the growth of the root system, the utilization rate of fertilizer is improved, and a good foundation is laid for the stable yield and high quality of the tobacco leaves. The temperature-increasing root-promoting agent is applied to the tobacco field, realizes the slow temperature increase within 7 days after transplantation, the temperature increase amplitude is 0.2-0.5 ℃, the temperature increase effect is most obvious in 8-14 days after transplantation, and the temperature increase amplitude is 1.0-2.1 ℃. Meanwhile, the growth of the root system and the overground part of the flue-cured tobacco is obviously promoted in the agglomeration period. The seedling stage is also called root extension stage, which is the period from the seedling stage of 7-10 days to the seedling stage of the tobacco seedling. The invention has simple production raw materials and is suitable for mass production.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the temperature-increasing benefit curve chart of the temperature-increasing root-promoting agent is provided.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that the following detailed description is provided for the purpose of further illustration only, and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art based on the foregoing disclosure.
Example 1
A warming root-promoting agent for tobacco growth is prepared from the following raw materials: 50g of oil cake, 5g of leavening agent, 5g of quicklime and 6g of rice hull biochar. The rice hull biochar is particularly a full-edge brand.
When the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the quicklime, the biological carbon and the oil cake are buried at the bottom and the periphery of the root system of the tobacco seedlings, and after the transplanting is finished, 5g of liquid leaven is sprayed at the root parts and the periphery of the tobacco seedlings. The dosage is the dosage of the warming root-promoting agent of 1 tobacco seedling.
Example 2
A warming root-promoting agent for tobacco growth is prepared from the following raw materials: 60g of oil cake, 12g of leavening agent, 7g of quicklime and 10g of rice hull biochar.
A temperature-increasing root-promoting agent for tobacco growth and a using method thereof are disclosed, which comprises the following scheme:
when the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the quicklime, the biological carbon and the oil cake are uniformly mixed and then buried at the bottom and the periphery of the root system of the tobacco seedlings, and 12g of liquid leavening agent is sprayed on the root and the periphery of the tobacco seedlings after the transplanting is finished. The dosage is the dosage of the warming root-promoting agent of 1 tobacco seedling.
Example 3
A temperature-increasing root-promoting agent for tobacco growth and a using method thereof are disclosed, which comprises the following scheme:
a warming root-promoting agent for tobacco growth is prepared from the following raw materials: 80g of oil cake, 35g of leavening agent, 8g of quicklime and 12g of rice hull biochar.
When the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the quicklime, the biological carbon and the oil cake are uniformly mixed and then buried at the bottom and the periphery of the root system of the tobacco seedlings, and after the transplanting is finished, 35g of liquid leavening agent is sprayed on the root parts and the periphery of the tobacco seedlings. The dosage is the dosage of the warming root-promoting agent of 1 tobacco seedling.
Comparative example: no reagents were added.
The examples 1, 2 and 3 and the control example are applied to the altitude tobacco area in Chongqing at the same time, the growth of tobacco is detected in the agglomeration stage, and the specific effects are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test results Table
| Detecting items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example |
| Plant height/cm | 31.50 | 34.33 | 31.83 | 30.17 |
| Girdling/cm of stem | 5.88 | 6.10 | 6.08 | 5.28 |
| Dry weight of whole plant/g | 16.43 | 19.64 | 16.48 | 14.06 |
| Root surface area/cm2 | 153.46 | 174.71 | 167.00 | 145.89 |
| Root volume/cm3 | 7.76 | 12.29 | 9.08 | 6.34 |
| Root length/cm | 246.24 | 287.97 | 269.73 | 203.99 |
The comparative identification of the temperature increasing effect of the example carried out in the field of the Chongqing tobacco district and the comparative example shows that the results are as follows:
as can be seen from Table 1, the temperature-increasing root-promoting agent for tobacco production prepared by the invention greatly promotes the growth and development of roots and overground parts of tobacco in the agglomeration stage.
As can be seen from the figure 1, the three examples all obviously promote the temperature rise of the root layer soil, the tobacco seedlings are in the seedling-returning stage after being transplanted, the temperature of the root layer soil is in a weak increasing trend within 1-7 days, and the temperature rise amplitude is between 0.2 and 0.5 ℃; after 7 days, the tobacco seedlings enter a rooting stage, the temperature of the soil in the root layer is obviously increased within 8-14 days, the increase is 1-2.1 ℃, the temperature range is 15-25.7 ℃, the continuous proper temperature of the rapid growth stage of the tobacco seedling root system development is reached, the root system of the flue-cured tobacco is rapidly extended in the stage, the temperature is in a descending trend, and the growth and development of the tobacco root system are not limited by the temperature. Example 2 is the most effective, with a constant incubation effect after day 17.
Claims (3)
1. A temperature-increasing root-promoting method for tobacco growth is characterized in that:
when the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, 50% -80% of oil cake, 5% -8% of quicklime and 6% -12% of rice hull biochar are uniformly mixed and then buried at the bottom and the periphery of a root system, and after the transplanting is finished, 5% -35% of liquid leavening agent is sprayed on the root and the periphery of the tobacco seedlings; the main component of the leaven is one or more beneficial microorganisms in bacillus, actinomycete and saccharomyces; the effective viable count is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g.
2. The method for increasing the temperature and promoting the root growth of the tobacco as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw materials are adopted according to the mass percentage: 60 to 70 percent of oil cake, 20 to 30 percent of liquid leaven, 5 to 7 percent of quicklime and 8 to 10 percent of rice hull biochar.
3. A method of warming and rooting for tobacco growth according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature-increasing root-promoting agent required by a tobacco seedling comprises the following raw materials: 50-80g of oil cake, 5-8g of quicklime, 6-12g of rice hull biochar and 5-35g of liquid leaven.
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