CN110583459A - Method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut coir as matrix - Google Patents
Method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut coir as matrix Download PDFInfo
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- CN110583459A CN110583459A CN201911003751.8A CN201911003751A CN110583459A CN 110583459 A CN110583459 A CN 110583459A CN 201911003751 A CN201911003751 A CN 201911003751A CN 110583459 A CN110583459 A CN 110583459A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut chaff as a matrix, which comprises the following steps: setting coconut husk cultivation facilities; adopting isolation facilities such as net sheds, sunlight greenhouses and the like and matching with insect-proof nets of more than 40 meshes; manufacturing a seedbed, building the seedbed, paving a matrix, manufacturing an irrigation facility, manufacturing a fertilization system, and performing daily management after planting the seedbed; irrigating, fertilizing, and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests; cultivating a substrate; harvesting, namely stopping applying water and fertilizer 20 days before harvesting, covering a net shed or a sunlight greenhouse with a rainproof material, and harvesting after the matrix is dried; the substrate is disinfected and replaced, and then the production in the second season is started. The method solves the problems of non-regenerability, high pH value, easy hardening and poor permeability of the culture medium (vermiculite) used for breeding the original potato seeds, difficulty in eliminating harmful bacteria in the culture medium and serious pollution to the environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a potato breeding method, in particular to a method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut chaff as a matrix.
Background
The potatoes are important grain and vegetable dual-purpose crops in our province, the planting area reaches more than 1000 mu and ten thousand mu, the Gansu province is an important commodity potato base in China and an important supply base for various grades of potatoes, the yield of the miniature seed potatoes in the our province reaches more than 10 hundred million grains in 2016, and the potatoes become important crops for agricultural efficiency enhancement and income increase of farmers in the our province. Although the cultivation substrates used in the production of the potato mini-seed potatoes in China are various, the large-area and large-scale used substrate is vermiculite which is a layered material with volume expanding by times or even tens of times and containing crystal water between layers after raw vermiculite (magnesium-containing aluminosilicate secondary metamorphic minerals with a layered structure) is roasted at high temperature, and is an important substrate for cultivating detoxified test-tube seedlings. Because the substrate is formed by firing natural ores at high temperature, the mining and processing of the substrate have great influence on the natural environment and the air quality, the vermiculite processing factory has an event of being reinvested by the environmental protection department to stop production at one time, and if the production of the vermiculite is limited on a large scale, the production of the miniature potato seeds in China can be seriously influenced even destructively. In addition, the physical structure of vermiculite is destroyed in use, and the root exudates and pathogenic bacteria of the potatoes are accumulated, so that the vermiculite can be used only for one crop, the natural soil-loosening characteristic of the vermiculite cannot be returned to the field, and a large amount of waste vermiculite is accumulated. Therefore, it is urgent to find a substrate substitute with wider source, lower price and more environmental protection. The coconut coir is used as a novel soilless culture material and has high water retention and drainage capacity; proper pH value (5.5-6.5); good flexibility and air permeability; no chemical substance is added, so that the product is a pure natural pollution-free product, natural and environment-friendly; the nutrient soil does not contain nematodes, weed seeds and pathogens after high-temperature disinfection treatment, is clean and sanitary, and has a utilization rate of 100%; easy degradation and low price; therefore, the method has the advantages of water and fertilizer saving, labor saving, less plant diseases and insect pests, rapid seedling growth, short seedling age, good root system development, robust and tidy seedlings, short seedling revival time after planting, easy survival and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding potato breeder seeds by taking coconut coir as a matrix.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut coir as a matrix comprises the following steps:
1. setting coconut husk cultivation facilities;
1.1, facility conditions, adopting isolation facilities such as net sheds, sunlight greenhouses and the like and matching with insect-proof nets of more than 40 meshes;
1.2 the seedbed is made of stainless steel or high-strength plastic and the like, the seedbed is recommended to be pressed by a metal net sheet, the width is 1.5m, the length is set according to the requirement, four sides are rolled up, the depth is 15cm, the strength of the seedbed ensures that the seedbed bears the weight of 50kg/m2The above;
1.3 setting up a seedbed, leveling and compacting the land, then placing a special seedbed frame and supporting objects thereof, setting up the seedbed above 20cm above the ground, preferably 20-80cm, placing the seedbed according to a plan, ensuring that the bed surface is in a horizontal state, and carrying out spray disinfection treatment by using 800 times of chlorothalonil solution;
1.4 laying a matrix, wherein the coconut chaff is generally in a compressed block shape, firstly expanding by soaking with water until the coconut chaff is uniformly dispersed, then spreading and airing for several days, starting to use when the water content is reduced by about 70 percent, laying gardening ground cloth at the bottom of a seedbed, adding the coconut chaff, wherein the thickness is 8-10cm, checking the humidity at regular time, and supplementing water if the humidity is too dry;
1.5 irrigation facilities, the seedbed adopts spray irrigation, uses Israel Naphimu indoor small-size sprinkler irrigation system, sets up water supply equipment, shower nozzle quantity and hanging position according to the shower nozzle parameter, 600m2The net shed needs to be dug by 20m3The water reservoir is used for ensuring the water source of the sprinkling irrigation system;
1.6 fertilizing system, fertilizer required in the original potato seed cultivation process is completely applied along with sprinkling irrigation water, a dissolved fertilizer tank or a digging dissolved fertilizer pool is added according to the requirement, and a stirring facility is added, wherein the stirring facility is 600m2The volume of the seedbed (fertilizer dissolving tank or fertilizer dissolving pool) is at least 1m3；
2. Daily management after the field planting of the seedbed;
2.1 irrigating, wherein the irrigation is completely realized by sprinkling irrigation, and manual watering is only used as supplement. Coconut husk has strong water-retaining property, and is generally irrigated once every five days, with the thickness of 0.006m3/m2Water quantity;
2.2 fertilizing, 20g/m of base fertilizer2After 15-20 days, irrigating with 2% of sprinkling water-soluble fertilizer, then irrigating with 2% of potassium nitrate, urea and monopotassium phosphate in turn every 5-7 days, wherein 10-20mm of the fertilizer is irrigated every time, and 1000 times of bland nutrient solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces every 7 days;
2.3 pest control; spraying pesticides to prevent and control insect pests according to the transplanting days;
2.4 culture medium; adding culture medium in time after the stems are elongated after field planting, adding medium for three times, wherein the thickness of the medium is 1-2cm each time, and burying 1-2 leaves at the bottom of the potato seedling until the seedbed is filled up;
3. harvesting, namely stopping applying water and fertilizer 20 days before harvesting, covering a net shed or a sunlight greenhouse with a rainproof material, and harvesting after the matrix is dried;
4. sterilizing and replacing the substrate, and after the harvest is finished after the growth of each season, concentrating the substrate according to the ratio of (20ml of formaldehyde +5g of potassium permanganate)/1 m3The coconut chaff is used for the second cultivation after the fumigation treatment of the matrix, or discarded and replaced; the seedbed, the waterproof cloth and the ground are cleaned in time, the 800 times solution of the 750-fold and 800-fold solution of mancozeb or chlorothalonil is used for spraying and sterilizing, and then the production in the second season is started.
Preferably, in the step 2.2, the ratio of N in the special fertilizer for potatoes in the fertilizing process is as follows: p2O5：K215-15-15, wherein N in the water-soluble fertilizer: p2O5：K2O＝16-19-17。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: solves the problems that the culture medium (vermiculite) used for breeding the potato original seeds is non-renewable, has high pH value, is easy to harden and has poor permeability, harmful bacteria in the medium are difficult to eliminate, and the environment is seriously polluted.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely in the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
The planting site selection of the embodiment: one of scientific research test bases of a research institute in Gansu province adopts the breeding method to plant, and the other test base adopts a conventional breeding method to plant.
The method for breeding the potato breeder seeds by using the coconut chaff as a matrix comprises the following steps:
1. setting coconut husk cultivation facilities;
1.1, facility conditions, adopting isolation facilities such as net sheds, sunlight greenhouses and the like and matching with insect-proof nets of more than 40 meshes;
1.2 making seedbed of stainless steel or stainless steelThe seedling bed is made of materials such as strength plastics, preferably pressed by a metal mesh sheet, the width of the metal mesh sheet is 1.5m, the length of the metal mesh sheet is set according to needs, four sides of the metal mesh sheet are rolled up, the depth of the metal mesh sheet is 15cm, small holes with the diameter of 1cm are punched at the bottom of the metal mesh sheet to facilitate drainage, the strength of the seedling bed ensures that the weight of the seedling2The above;
1.3 setting up a seedbed, leveling and compacting the land, then placing a special seedbed frame and supporting objects thereof, setting up the seedbed above 20cm above the ground, placing the seedbed according to a plan, ensuring that the bed surface is in a horizontal state, and carrying out spray disinfection treatment by using 800 times of chlorothalonil solution;
1.4 laying a matrix, wherein the coconut chaff is generally in a compressed block shape, firstly expanding by soaking with water until the coconut chaff is uniformly dispersed, then spreading and airing for several days, starting to use when the water content is reduced by about 70%, laying a gardening land at the bottom of a seedbed), adding the coconut chaff with the thickness of 8-10cm, checking the humidity at regular time, and supplementing water if the humidity is too dry;
1.5 irrigation facilities, the seedbed adopts spray irrigation, uses Israel Naphimu indoor small-size sprinkler irrigation system, sets up water supply equipment, shower nozzle quantity and hanging position according to the shower nozzle parameter, 600m2The net shed needs to be dug by 20m3The water reservoir is used for ensuring the water source of the sprinkling irrigation system;
1.6 fertilizing system, the fertilizer needed in the potato original seed cultivation process is all applied along with the sprinkling irrigation water, a dissolved fertilizer tank or a digging dissolved fertilizer pool is added according to the needs, and a stirring facility is added. 600m2The volume of the seedbed (fertilizer dissolving tank or fertilizer dissolving pool) is at least 1m3；
2. Daily management after the field planting of the seedbed;
2.1 irrigating, wherein the irrigation is completely realized by sprinkling irrigation, and manual watering is only used as supplement. Coconut husk has strong water-retaining property, and is generally irrigated once every five days, with the thickness of 0.006m3/m2Water quantity;
2.2 fertilizing, 20g/m of base fertilizer2The special fertilizer (N: P) for the scattered rich potatoes2O5：K2O15-15-15), and after 15 days, 2% of sprinkle water-rich soluble fertilizer (N: p2O5：K216-19-17) and then alternately irrigating with 2% potassium nitrate, urea and monopotassium phosphate every 5 days, wherein each timeIrrigating 10-20mm, and spraying 1000 times of blanc nutrient solution every 7 days on the leaf surface;
2.3 Pest control As shown in Table 1
TABLE 1 original seed pesticide application table
2.4 culture medium, adding the culture medium in time after the stem is extended after the field planting, adding the culture medium by three times, wherein the thickness of the culture medium is 1-2cm, and burying 1-2 leaves at the bottom of the potato seedling until the seedbed is filled.
3. Harvesting, namely stopping applying water and fertilizer 20 days before harvesting, covering a net shed or a sunlight greenhouse with a rainproof material, and harvesting after the matrix is dried;
4. sterilizing and replacing the substrate, and after the harvest is finished after the growth of each season, concentrating the substrate according to the ratio of (20ml of formaldehyde +5g of potassium permanganate)/1 m3The coconut chaff is used for the second cultivation after the fumigation treatment of the matrix, or discarded and replaced; the seedbed, the waterproof cloth and the ground are cleaned in time, the 800 times solution of the 750-fold and 800-fold solution of mancozeb or chlorothalonil is used for spraying and sterilizing, and then the production in the second season is started.
And (3) test results: the experimental data of the average seedling survival rate and the weight and the number of the harvested sweet potatoes in the conventional breeding method are compared by adopting the breeding method provided by the invention, and the results are shown in a table 3:
TABLE 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the number of the potatoes harvested by the breeding method per plant is remarkably increased, the yield increasing effect of the large potatoes is particularly remarkable, and the survival rate of the seedlings is also high by the breeding method.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. A method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut chaff as a matrix is characterized by comprising the following steps: the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) setting coconut husk cultivation facilities;
(1.1) facility conditions, adopting isolation facilities such as net sheds, sunlight greenhouses and the like and matching with insect-proof nets of more than 40 meshes;
(1.2) manufacturing a seedbed, wherein the seedbed is made of materials such as stainless steel or high-strength plastics, and is preferably pressed by using a metal net sheet, the width is 1.5m, the length is set according to needs, four sides of the seedbed are rolled up, the depth is 15cm, and the strength of the seedbed ensures that the weight is born by 50kg/m2The above;
(1.3) building a seedbed, leveling and compacting the land, then placing a special seedbed frame and a supporting object thereof, building the seedbed above 20cm above the ground, preferably 20-80cm, placing the seedbed according to a plan, ensuring that the bed surface is in a horizontal state, and performing spray disinfection treatment by using 800 times of chlorothalonil solution;
(1.4) paving a substrate, wherein the coconut chaff is generally in a compressed block shape, firstly expanding by soaking with water until the coconut chaff is uniformly dispersed, then spreading and airing for several days, starting to use when the water content is reduced by about 70%, paving a gardening ground fabric at the bottom of a seedbed, adding the coconut chaff, wherein the thickness is 8-10cm, checking the humidity at regular time, and supplementing water if the humidity is too dry;
(1.5) irrigation facility, wherein the seedbed adopts spray irrigation, an Israel Netfield indoor small-sized spray irrigation system is used, water supply equipment, the number of spray heads and the hanging position are set according to spray head parameters, and the spray head number is 600m2The net shed needs to be dug by 20m3The water reservoir is used for ensuring the water source of the sprinkling irrigation system;
(1.6) fertilizing system, wherein all the fertilizers required in the original potato seed cultivation process are applied along with sprinkling irrigation water, a dissolved fertilizer tank or a digging dissolved fertilizer pool is added as required, and a stirring facility is added, wherein the stirring facility is 600m2The volume of the seedbed is at least 1m3；
(2) Daily management after field planting of the detoxified seedlings;
(2.1) irrigationIrrigation, irrigation all uses spray irrigation, and manual watering is only used as supplement. Coconut husk has strong water-retaining property, and is generally irrigated once every five days, with the thickness of 0.006m3/m2Water quantity;
(2.2) applying fertilizer with 20g/m of base fertilizer2After 15-20 days, irrigating with 2% of sprinkling water-soluble fertilizer, then irrigating with 2% of potassium nitrate, urea and monopotassium phosphate in turn every 5-7 days, wherein 10-20mm of the fertilizer is irrigated every time, and 1000 times of bland nutrient solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces every 7 days;
(2.3) pest control; spraying pesticides to prevent and control insect pests according to the transplanting days;
(2.4) culturing the substrate; adding culture medium in time after the stems are elongated after field planting, adding medium for three times, wherein the thickness of the medium is 1-2cm each time, and burying 1-2 leaves at the bottom of the potato seedling until the seedbed is filled up;
(3) harvesting, namely stopping applying water and fertilizer 20 days before harvesting, covering a rain-proof material on a net shed or a sunlight greenhouse, and harvesting after the matrix is dried;
(4) sterilizing and replacing the substrate, and after the harvest is finished after the growth of each season, concentrating the substrate according to the ratio of (20ml of formaldehyde +5g of potassium permanganate)/1 m3The coconut chaff is used for the second cultivation after the fumigation treatment of the matrix, or discarded and replaced; the seedbed, the waterproof cloth and the ground are cleaned in time, the 800 times solution of the 750-fold and 800-fold solution of mancozeb or chlorothalonil is used for spraying and sterilizing, and then the production in the second season is started.
2. The method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut coir as a substrate is characterized in that: n in the special fertilizer for potatoes in the fertilizing process of the step (2.2): p2O5：K215-15-15, wherein N in the water-soluble fertilizer: p2O5：K2O＝16-19-17。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911003751.8A CN110583459A (en) | 2019-10-22 | 2019-10-22 | Method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut coir as matrix |
| CN202011119098.4A CN112088764A (en) | 2019-10-22 | 2020-10-19 | Method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut coir as matrix |
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| CN201911003751.8A CN110583459A (en) | 2019-10-22 | 2019-10-22 | Method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut coir as matrix |
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| CN202011119098.4A Pending CN112088764A (en) | 2019-10-22 | 2020-10-19 | Method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut coir as matrix |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110972921A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-04-10 | 宁夏佳立马铃薯产业有限公司 | Potato soilless culture method and culture room based on Internet of things |
| CN111631101A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-08 | 京博农化科技有限公司 | Method for breeding virus-free potato seedlings |
| CN112088764A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-12-18 | 定西马铃薯研究所(普通合伙) | Method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut coir as matrix |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112913672B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2024-03-22 | 定西市农业科学研究院 | Green quality-improving and efficiency-increasing off-site cultivation method for producing potato stock seeds |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104126386A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-11-05 | 毕节市农业科学研究所 | Potato breeder's seed production method |
| KR101544321B1 (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2015-08-12 | 김수만 | Mass production method of potato seeds |
| CN105766385B (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2019-05-10 | 庆阳敦博科技发展有限公司 | A kind of plant protection method improving virus-free basic potato seed yield |
| CN105210600A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2016-01-06 | 甘肃凯凯农业科技发展股份有限公司 | Virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method |
| CN107616068A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-23 | 贵州农无忧农业科技有限公司 | A kind of high efficiency, low cost potato virus-free plantlet and seed production technology |
| CN110583459A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2019-12-20 | 定西马铃薯研究所(普通合伙) | Method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut coir as matrix |
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2019
- 2019-10-22 CN CN201911003751.8A patent/CN110583459A/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 2020-10-19 CN CN202011119098.4A patent/CN112088764A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112088764A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-12-18 | 定西马铃薯研究所(普通合伙) | Method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut coir as matrix |
| CN110972921A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-04-10 | 宁夏佳立马铃薯产业有限公司 | Potato soilless culture method and culture room based on Internet of things |
| CN111631101A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-08 | 京博农化科技有限公司 | Method for breeding virus-free potato seedlings |
| CN111631101B (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2022-02-01 | 京博农化科技有限公司 | Method for breeding virus-free potato seedlings |
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Application publication date: 20191220 |