CN110521313B

CN110521313B - Layered fertilizer applicator for improving saline-alkali soil

Info

Publication number: CN110521313B
Application number: CN201910976720.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肖蒙; 陈金林
Original assignee: Nanjing Forestry University
Current assignee: Nanjing Forestry University
Priority date: 2019-10-15
Filing date: 2019-10-15
Publication date: 2022-03-11
Anticipated expiration: 2039-10-15
Also published as: CN110521313A

Abstract

The invention discloses a layered fertilizer applicator for improving saline-alkali soil, which belongs to the field of saline-alkali soil fertilizing equipment and comprises a support frame, wherein a fertilizer box is fixed at the top end of the support frame, supporting wheels are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the front surface of the support frame, a front fertilizing mechanism comprises a discharging module and a cutting module, and a rear fertilizing mechanism comprises a discharging module, an adjusting module and a cutting module. According to the invention, the length of the blade is shifted inside the front and rear fertilizing mechanisms, so that the blade can be used for turning and leveling soil with different depths, conditions are provided for regional fertilizing after turning and leveling, and the height between the whole rear fertilizing mechanism and a surface to be contacted is adjusted through the stretching and retracting of the air cylinder, so that the fertilizing device can perform targeted fertilization according to the salinization degree inside the soil, thereby greatly improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, further avoiding the adverse effect on the improvement effect of the salinization soil due to excessive or insufficient fertilizing amount.

Description

Layered fertilizer applicator for improving saline-alkali soil

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of saline-alkali soil fertilization equipment, in particular to a layered fertilizer applicator for improving saline-alkali soil.

Background

Salinization of soil refers to a process that salt in the bottom layer of soil or underground water rises to the ground surface along with capillary water, and salt is accumulated in surface soil after water is evaporated; refers to the phenomenon or process of accumulation of easily soluble salts on the surface of soil. The saline-alkali soil in China has large area and wide distribution, is generally distributed on plains or basins with flat terrain and deep soil layers, is not well developed and utilized due to the harm of salinization, but along with the improvement of the productivity and resource requirements of the land, the consciousness of people for treating the saline-alkali soil is continuously improved, and the design of the device for fertilizing the salinization soil is continuously innovated. Although the prior fertilizing device for the salinized soil has been provided, most of the fertilizing devices can not adjust the fertilizing depth according to the salinized soil, so that the local salinized soil is fertilized too much or too little, the resource waste is caused, and the fertilizing devices can not play a good role in improving the saline-alkali soil. Therefore, the development of a layered fertilizer applicator for improving the saline-alkali soil is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

1. Technical problem to be solved

The invention aims to provide a layered fertilizer applicator for improving saline-alkali soil, which aims to overcome the defects of the existing fertilizer application device for saline-alkali soil in the background and solve the problems of resource waste and influence on the saline-alkali soil improvement effect caused by excessive or insufficient local fertilizer application of the saline-alkali soil.

2. Technical scheme

In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a layered fertilizer applicator for improving saline-alkali soil comprises a support frame, wherein a fertilizer box is fixed at the top end of the support frame, a front fertilizer application mechanism and a rear fertilizer application mechanism which are arranged in a staggered sequence are arranged below the fertilizer box, support wheels are arranged on the left side and the right side of the front surface of the support frame, the front fertilizer application mechanism comprises a discharge module and a cutting module, the rear fertilizer application mechanism comprises a discharge module, an adjusting module and a cutting module,

the discharging module comprises at least two discharging grooves arranged at the bottom end of the fertilizer box, shaft rods horizontally penetrating through each discharging groove, poking plates distributed on the outer wall surfaces of the shaft rods in an annular and equidistant mode and material receiving grooves fixed below the discharging grooves, wherein the poking plates are positioned in the discharging grooves, the shaft rods are parallel to the supporting frames, two ends of one shaft rod are connected with supporting wheels on the corresponding side through a first chain transmission structure, and the ends on the same side of the two shaft rods are connected through a second chain transmission structure;

the cutting module comprises a poking blade, two groups of upper baffle blades and lower baffle blades, an upper shell cover, a lower shell cover, a rotating disc, a rotating shaft, a rotating blade, a first gear, two second gears and a gear rack, wherein the poking blade is provided with a groove at the rear end, the bottom end of the poking blade is of a V-shaped structure, the two groups of upper baffle blades and the lower baffle blades are integrally formed with the poking blade, the upper shell cover is integrally formed with the bottom end of the upper baffle blade, the lower shell cover is integrally formed with the top end of the lower baffle blade, the rotating disc is rotatably connected with the lower shell cover and the upper shell cover through bearings, the rotating shaft penetrates through the circle center of the rotating disc and is rotatably connected with the upper baffle blades and the lower baffle blades, the rotating blades are distributed around the rotating disc at equal intervals in a ring shape, the first gear is sleeved on the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is vertically arranged on the rear side of the poking blade, the two second gears are sleeved on the lower end of the rotating shaft, the poking blade corresponds to the discharge chute one to one another, the left side and the right side of the poking blade are correspondingly provided with a group of the upper baffle blades and the lower baffle blades, the two gear racks are respectively and are arranged on the two sides of the first gears in a ring shape of the rotating shaft, a supporting plate horizontally arranged along the width direction of the supporting frame is fixed at the upper end of the stirring blade, the upper end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the upper surface of the supporting plate and extends to the upper surface of the supporting plate and is connected with a driving motor, a hose penetrating through the supporting plate and extending downwards is connected to the bottom end of the material receiving groove, the hose is fixed in a groove of the stirring blade through a fixing sleeve, a telescopic hose is connected between the material receiving groove and the hose in the rear fertilizing mechanism, the supporting plate in the front fertilizing mechanism is fixedly connected with the supporting frame through a fixing block, and the supporting plate in the rear fertilizing mechanism is longitudinally connected with the supporting frame in a sliding manner;

the adjusting module comprises two cylinders which are respectively connected to two ends of a supporting plate in the rear fertilizing mechanism, and a shell of each cylinder is fixedly connected with the supporting frame through a connecting block.

Preferably, the first chain transmission structure comprises chain discs fixedly sleeved on the shaft rods and chains surrounding the chain discs and the corresponding side supporting wheels, and the second chain transmission structure comprises chain discs fixedly sleeved on the two shaft rods and chains surrounding the two chain discs.

Preferably, the length of the poking blade in the front fertilizing mechanism is smaller than that of the poking blade in the rear fertilizing mechanism.

Preferably, the rotating discs on two sides of each toggle blade in each front fertilizing mechanism are symmetrical about a vertical central line of the corresponding hose.

3. Advantageous effects

According to the invention, the length of the blade is shifted in the front and rear fertilizing mechanisms, so that the fertilizing device can be used for turning over soil with different depths, conditions are provided for fertilizing work of the turned soil, and the height between the whole rear fertilizing mechanism and a surface to be contacted is adjusted through the stretching of the air cylinder, so that the fertilizing device can perform targeted fertilization according to the salinization degree of the soil in different levels, the soil absorption rate and the resource utilization rate are greatly improved, and the influence on the salinization soil improvement effect caused by too much or too little fertilizing amount is avoided.

According to the soil shoveling machine, the upper baffle blade and the lower baffle blade are used for cutting contacted soil, and the rotary blade arranged between the upper baffle blade and the lower baffle blade is used for shoveling soil in an auxiliary manner, so that the soil cutting speed is increased.

According to the invention, the rotating blade arranged on the rotating disc is used for stirring the outlet below the hose, so that the dropped fertilizer is uniformly applied into the soil, the phenomenon that the fertilizer is excessively applied in the deep part of the soil is avoided, and the maximization of resource utilization and the optimization of soil saline-alkali improvement are realized.

According to the invention, the front and rear fertilizing mechanisms are used for fertilizing soil at different depths, so that the flexibility and the working efficiency of the fertilizing device are greatly improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a rear view external schematic view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the internal structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure at A in FIG. 1;

fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of B in fig. 2.

Reference numerals: 1-support frame, 2-fertilizer box, 3-front fertilizer mechanism, 4-rear fertilizer mechanism, 5-discharge chute, 6-shaft rod, 7-chain, 8-toggle plate, 9-receiving chute, 10-hose, 11-support plate, 12-toggle blade, 13-rotating shaft, 14-upper baffle blade, 15-upper shell cover, 16-lower baffle blade, 17-lower shell cover, 18-rotating disc, 19-bearing, 20-rotating blade, 21-rotating shaft, 22-first gear, 23-gear rack, 24-flexible hose, 25-cylinder, 26-second gear, 27-chain disc, 28-fixed sleeve, 29-outlet and 30-support wheel.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Examples

The layered fertilizer applicator for improving the saline-alkali soil as shown in figures 1-4 comprises a support frame 1, a fertilizer box 2 fixed at the top end of the support frame 1, and the front fertilizing mechanism 3 and the rear fertilizing mechanism 4 which are arranged in a staggered form are arranged below the fertilizer box 2, the length of the poking blade 12 in the front fertilizing mechanism 3 is smaller than that of the poking blade 12 in the rear fertilizing mechanism 4, when in work, the fertilizer box can be used for turning and tidying the soil with different depths, provides conditions for fertilizing the soil after the soil is turned, adjusts the height between the whole rear fertilizing mechanism 4 and the surface to be contacted through the extension and contraction of the air cylinder 25, thereby make this fertilizer injection unit can be according to the saline and alkaline degree pertinence fertilization between the different levels of soil to improved soil absorption rate and resource utilization greatly, avoided the fertilization volume too much or too little to cause the influence to the improvement effect of saline and alkaline soil. The rotating disc 18 is positioned on two sides of each poking blade 12 in the front fertilizing mechanism 3 and is symmetrical about the vertical central line of the corresponding hose 10, and the rotating blades mounted on the rotating disc 18 can poke outlets below the hoses 10, so that dropped fertilizers can be uniformly applied into soil, the phenomenon that the fertilizers are locally applied and scattered excessively in deep soil is avoided, and the resource utilization maximization and the optimization of soil saline-alkali improvement are realized. The left side and the right side of the front surface of the supporting frame 1 are respectively provided with a supporting wheel 30, the front fertilizing mechanism 3 comprises a discharging module and a cutting module, the rear fertilizing mechanism 4 comprises a discharging module, an adjusting module and a cutting module,

the ejection of compact module is including locating the blown down tank 5 that 2 bottom numbers of can fertilizer are two at least, the level runs through every blown down tank 5's axostylus axostyle 6, be the stirring board 8 of annular equidistance distribution in axostylus axostyle 6 outer wall surface and be fixed in the silo 9 that connects of blown down tank 5 below, stirring board 8 is located inside the blown down tank 5, axostylus axostyle 6 is on a parallel with support frame 1, and the both ends of one of them axostylus axostyle 6 all are connected with the supporting wheel 30 of corresponding side through chain drive structure one, all connect through chain drive structure two between the homonymy end of two axostylus axostyles 6, chain drive structure one includes that fixed cover establishes the chain dish 27 on axostylus axostyle 6 and encircles the chain 7 on this chain dish 27 and corresponding side supporting wheel 30. The second chain transmission structure comprises chain plates 27 fixedly sleeved on the two shaft rods 6 and chains 7 surrounding the two chain plates 27 respectively, when the supporting wheel 30 is contacted with the salinized soil and begins to rotate, the chains 7 on the supporting wheel 30 also begin to rotate and drive the chain plates 27 connected with the supporting wheel to rotate, so that the two shaft rods 6 rotate in the discharge chutes 5 on the corresponding sides, and the poking plate 8 is driven to poke the surrounding chemical fertilizer to assist in discharging the fertilizer box 2;

the cutting module comprises a toggle blade 12 with a groove at the rear end and a V-shaped structure at the bottom end, two groups of upper baffle blades 14 and lower baffle blades 16 which are integrally formed with the toggle blade 12, an upper shell cover 15 which is integrally formed with the bottom end of the upper baffle blade 14, a lower shell cover 17 which is integrally formed with the top end of the lower baffle blade 16, a rotating disc 18 which is rotatably connected with the lower shell cover 17 and the upper shell cover 15 through a bearing 19, a rotating shaft 21 which penetrates through the circle center of the rotating disc 18 and is rotatably connected with the upper baffle blades 14 and the lower baffle blades 16, rotary blades 20 which are annularly and equidistantly distributed around the rotating disc 18, a first gear 22 which is sleeved and fixed on the rotating shaft 21, a rotating shaft 13 which is vertically arranged at the rear side of the toggle blade 12 and two second gears 26 which are sleeved and fixed at the lower end of the rotating shaft 13, the toggle blade 12 corresponds to the discharge chute 5 one by one, a group of upper baffle blades 14 and a lower baffle blades 16 are arranged at the left side and the right side of the toggle blade 12, two second gears 26 and first gears 22 positioned at two sides of the rotating shaft 13 are respectively and jointly surrounded by a gear rack 23, a supporting plate 11 horizontally arranged along the width direction of the supporting frame 1 is fixed at the upper end of the toggle blade 12, the upper end of the rotating shaft 13 penetrates through and extends to the upper surface of the supporting plate 11 and is connected with a driving motor, a hose 10 penetrating through the supporting plate 11 and extending downwards is connected to the bottom end of the material receiving groove 9, the hose 10 is fixed in a groove of the toggle blade 12 through a fixing sleeve 28, a telescopic hose 24 is connected between the material receiving groove 9 and the hose 10 in the rear fertilizing mechanism 4, the supporting plate 11 in the front fertilizing mechanism 3 is fixedly connected with the supporting frame 1 through a fixing block, and the supporting plate 11 in the rear fertilizing mechanism 4 is longitudinally connected with the supporting frame 1 in a sliding manner;

the adjusting module comprises two cylinders 25 which are respectively connected to two ends of a supporting plate 11 in the rear fertilizing mechanism 4, and the shell of each cylinder 25 is fixedly connected with the supporting frame 1 through a connecting block.

The specific application process of the layered fertilizer applicator for improving the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps: when in use, firstly the fertilizer applying device is connected with the driving device through the connecting rod arranged on one side of the supporting frame 1, secondly the fertilizer is put into the fertilizer box 2, and the fertilizer applying device is moved to a designated area through the movement of the driving device, the fertilizer applying device is placed on the saline-alkali ground surface to start working through the lifting mechanism of the driving mechanism, when the supporting wheel 30 is contacted with the saline-alkali soil, the supporting wheel starts to rotate, meanwhile, the chain 7 on the supporting wheel 30 starts to rotate and drives the chain disc 27 connected with the supporting wheel to rotate, so that the two shaft rods 6 rotate in the discharge chute 5 on the corresponding side, and the poking plate 8 is driven to poke the surrounding fertilizer to assist the discharge of the fertilizer box 2;

when the fertilizing device moves forward, the rotating shaft 13 on the corresponding side starts to rotate through the work of the driving motor, so that the rotating disc 18 fixedly connected with the first gear 22 is driven to rotate through the transmission mechanism between the second gear 26 and the first gear 22, one side of the rotating blade 20 protruding out of the baffle blade can cut contacted soil, and conditions are provided for the cutting work of the upper baffle blade and the lower baffle blade;

the blade 12 is stirred forwards and backwards to cut and turn over the contact soil, so that a notch is formed between the turned and finished soil, the telescopic hose 24 can adjust the distance between the hose 10 and the notch, a chemical fertilizer is applied into the notch through an outlet 29 arranged below the hose 10, and the falling fertilizer is stirred by the rotation of the rotary blade 20, so that uniform application is ensured;

and can be according to the degree of soil salinization, through the flexible of cylinder 25, adjustable back fertilizer injection mechanism 4 is whole and treat the height between the contact surface to make this fertilizer injection unit can fertilize according to the salinization degree pertinence between the different levels of soil, thereby improved soil absorption rate and resource utilization greatly, this is just for this alkali land is layering fertilizer distributor operation use step for soil improvement.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be used as a limitation of the present invention, and that changes and modifications to the above embodiments are within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The layered fertilizer applicator for improving the soil of the saline-alkali soil comprises a support frame (1) and is characterized in that a fertilizer box (2) is fixed at the top end of the support frame (1), a front fertilizer applying mechanism (3) and a rear fertilizer applying mechanism (4) which are arranged in a staggered mode in sequence are arranged below the fertilizer box (2), support wheels (30) are installed on the left side and the right side of the front surface of the support frame (1), the front fertilizer applying mechanism (3) comprises a discharging module and a cutting module, and the rear fertilizer applying mechanism (4) comprises a discharging module, an adjusting module and a cutting module;

the discharging module comprises at least two discharging grooves (5) arranged at the bottom end of the fertilizer box (2), shaft rods (6) horizontally penetrating through each discharging groove (5), shifting plates (8) distributed on the outer wall surfaces of the shaft rods (6) in an annular and equidistant mode and material receiving grooves (9) fixed below the discharging grooves (5), wherein the shifting plates (8) are located inside the discharging grooves (5), the shaft rods (6) are parallel to the supporting frame (1), two ends of one shaft rod (6) are connected with supporting wheels (30) on the corresponding side through a first chain transmission structure, and the ends of the same sides of the two shaft rods (6) are connected through a second chain transmission structure;

the cutting module comprises a toggle blade (12) with a groove at the rear end and a V-shaped structure at the bottom end, two groups of upper baffle blades (14) and lower baffle blades (16) which are integrally formed with the toggle blade (12), an upper shell cover (15) which is integrally formed with the bottom end of the upper baffle blade (14), a lower shell cover (17) which is integrally formed with the top end of the lower baffle blade (16), a rotating disc (18) which is rotatably connected with the lower shell cover (17) and the upper shell cover (15) through a bearing (19), a rotating shaft (21) which penetrates through the circle center of the rotating disc (18) and is rotatably connected with the upper baffle blades (14) and the lower baffle blades (16), rotating blades (20) which are annularly and equidistantly distributed on the periphery of the rotating disc (18), a first gear (22) which is sleeved and fixed on the rotating shaft (21), a rotating shaft (13) which is vertically arranged at the rear side of the toggle blade (12), and two second gears (26) which are sleeved and fixed at the lower end of the rotating shaft (13), stir blade (12) and blown down tank (5) one-to-one, stir the left and right sides of blade (12) and all correspond and be equipped with a set of fender blade (14) and lower fender blade (16), two second gear (26) respectively with be located between the first gear (22) of rotation axis (13) both sides jointly around have gear rack (23), stir the upper end of blade (12) and be fixed with backup pad (11) along support frame (1) width direction level setting, the upper end of rotation axis (13) is run through and is extended to the upper surface of backup pad (11) and is connected with driving motor, the bottom that connects silo (9) is connected with hose (10) that run through backup pad (11) and downwardly extending, and hose (10) are fixed in the recess of stirring blade (12) through fixed cover (28), be connected with flexible hose (24) between connecing silo (9) and hose (10) in back fertilization mechanism (4), a supporting plate (11) in the front fertilizing mechanism (3) is fixedly connected with the supporting frame (1) through a fixing block, and a supporting plate (11) in the rear fertilizing mechanism (4) is longitudinally connected with the supporting frame (1) in a sliding manner;

the adjusting module comprises two cylinders (25) which are respectively connected to two ends of a supporting plate (11) in the rear fertilizing mechanism (4), and a shell of each cylinder (25) is fixedly connected with the supporting frame (1) through a connecting block.

2. The layered fertilizer distributor for improving the soil in the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first chain transmission structure comprises a chain disk (27) fixedly sleeved on the shaft rods (6) and chains (7) wound on the chain disk (27) and the corresponding side supporting wheels (30), and the second chain transmission structure comprises chain disks (27) respectively fixedly sleeved on the two shaft rods (6) and chains (7) wound on the two chain disks (27).

3. The layered fertilizer distributor for improving the soil in the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the toggle blade (12) in the front fertilizer application mechanism (3) is less than the length of the toggle blade (12) in the rear fertilizer application mechanism (4).

4. The layered fertilizer distributor for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating discs (18) at both sides of each toggle blade (12) in each front fertilizer mechanism (3) are symmetrical about the vertical center line of the corresponding hose (10).