CN110508272A - 氧化铋/钼酸铋复合零隙异质结光催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
氧化铋/钼酸铋复合零隙异质结光催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- DKUYEPUUXLQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;molybdenum;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mo].[Mo].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] DKUYEPUUXLQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229910002900 Bi2MoO6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Substances OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920006316 polyvinylpyrrolidine Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910015667 MoO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910004619 Na2MoO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920003081 Povidone K 30 Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- PPNKDDZCLDMRHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrooxybismuthanyl nitrate Chemical compound [Bi+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PPNKDDZCLDMRHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 7
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 4
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910003208 (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017299 Mo—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种氧化铋/钼酸铋复合零隙异质结光催化剂的制备方法。所述方法首先以Bi(NO3)3、Na2MoO4·2H2O和PVP‑K30为原料,通过控制Bi(NO3)3和Na2MoO4·2H2O的反应时间,得到Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6前驱体溶液,然后通过调节pH为8.5~9.5,在155~165℃下,采用溶剂热法制得Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6零隙异质结复合光催化剂。本发明方法工艺简单,成本低廉,仅仅通过控制Bi(NO3)3和Na2MoO4·2H2O的反应时间就可以制备出复合物Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6零隙异质结光催化剂,且制备出的异质结光催化剂形态上提高了光能催化剂的比表面积,功能上分别保留两种光催化剂的强氧化能力和强还原能力,对可见光具有良好的响应。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光催化材料和污水处理技术领域,涉及一种Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6零隙异质结光催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
Bi2MoO6是可见光驱动的光催化剂,存在三种不同的晶相,化学式为Bi2O3·nMoO3。γ-Bi2MoO6在可见光照射下具有适当的带隙和内部结构。然而,由于光生空穴和电子的复合,原始Bi2MoO6的光催化性能并不理想。
Bi2O3具有高的折射率,介电常数,热稳定性和2.8eV的直接带隙,成为光氧化领域备受关注的材料。Bi2MoO6和Bi2O3之间异质结的形成可能会大大提高光催化活性。文献(Q.He,et al.,Heterostructured Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6nanocomposites:simple constructionand enhanced visible-lightphotocatalytic performance.[J].Rsc Advances,7(2017)27089-27099)中公开了一种以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和Na2MoO4·2H2O为原料两步水热法制备Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6异质结光催化剂的方法,先合成纳米棒Bi2O3,再在Bi2MoO6溶液中加入Bi2O3粉末,160℃下反应20h生成Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6异质结光催化剂。该方法制备较繁琐,反应时间长,其0.6g/L光催化剂对10mg/L RhB的降解率60min可达98%,即1g/L光催化剂对10mg/L RhB的降解率每分钟可达2.722%,在一定程度上提高了光催化活性。
专利102658121A公开了一种采用Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O为原料一步水热外加煅烧法制备Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6的方法。该方法制备过程繁琐,且煅烧过程中产生氨气,会加剧环境污染。其1g/L光催化剂对5mg/L RhB的降解率80min可达99%,即1g/L光催化剂对5mg/L RhB的降解率每分钟仅1.238%,该催化剂对浓度较低的RhB溶液(5mg/L)的降解有一定程度的提高。
发明内容
为解决现有的Bi2MoO6和Bi2O3复合催化剂制备方法中存在的制备过程复杂以及制备过程产生新的污染的问题,本发明提供一种Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6零隙异质结光催化剂的制备方法,采用一步溶剂热法合成二元复合催化剂Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6。
本发明的技术解决方案为:
氧化铋/钼酸铋复合零隙异质结光催化剂的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤1,在Bi(NO3)3的乙二醇溶液中加入Na2MoO4·2H2O,反应40~90min,得到Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6前驱体溶液;
步骤2,在Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6前驱体溶液中,加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮-K30(PVP-K30),搅拌混合均匀,调节pH为8.5~9.5,在155~165℃下,溶剂热反应3~5h,自然冷却到室温,离心,反复水洗及醇洗,干燥,得到Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6零隙异质结光催化剂。
步骤1中,所述的反应时间80min。
步骤2中,所述的pH为9.0。
步骤2中,所述的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O与PVP-K30的摩尔比为35:20。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点:
(1)本发明采用Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和Na2MoO4·2H2O为原料,仅通过控制反应时间,一步水热合成,制备方法工艺简单,成本低廉,不产生新的污染物。
(2)本发明方法制备的异质结光催化剂比表面积大,表现为零隙异质结片层结构,分别保留两种光催化剂的强氧化能力和强还原能力,对可见光具有良好的响应,,其0.4g/L光催化剂对10mg/L RhB的降解率60min可达70%,即1g/L光催化剂对10mg/L RhB的降解率每分钟可达2.9167%,光催化活性明显优于背景技术中介绍的两种Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6复合物。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6的SEM图。
图2为实施例1中的Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-90的FT-IR图。
图3为对比例1中Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-20和实施例1中的Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-80的XRD谱图。
图4为对比例1和实施例1制备的Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6的可见光催化降解罗丹明B的降解曲线图。
图5为对比例2和实施例2制备的Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6的可见光催化降解罗丹明B的降解曲线图。
图6为对比例3和实施例1中的Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-80的可见光催化降解罗丹明B的降解曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详述。
实施例1
分别将15mL水和25mL乙二醇在18℃水浴中搅拌20min后,向溶液中加入1.6866gBi(NO3)3·5H2O搅拌至全部溶解,再加入0.4210g Na2MoO4·2H2O,分别搅拌反应40min,60min,80min,90min,加入PVP-K30(其Bi(NO3)3·5H2O与PVP-K30的摩尔比为35:20),搅拌20min后,调节溶液pH为9.0,然后将所得的液体转移到含聚四氟乙烯内胆的高压反应釜中,在160℃下反应3h。自然冷却至室温,离心,分别水洗,乙醇洗3次,在烘箱中70℃干燥24h,最终得到Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6零隙异质结光催化剂,记为Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-40,Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-60,Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-80,Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-90。
分别对实施例1制得的Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6进行SEM表征,Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-40如图1(a)所示,从SEM图中可以看到Bi2MoO6的表面上有一层厚而不规则的层状Bi2O3,图1(a)中的缩略图中的白色亮光区域表明Bi2O3伏在Bi2MoO6表面的高度不同。Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-60如图1(b)所示,从SEM图中可以看到Bi2MoO6表面上的Bi2O3外层被逐层剥离,并且薄片变得更薄,呈现出像花瓣叶一样以点为中心直立生长的趋势。如图1(b)中缩略图的白色虚线框的区域。Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-80如图1(c)所示,从SEM图中可以看到Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6超薄层状花根异质结已经形成,呈现出花根状零隙异质结。Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-90如图1(d)所示,从SEM图中可以看到Bi2O3超薄层状花逐渐凋零,以花瓣的形式与Bi2MoO6形成花瓣地毯状零隙异质结,偶尔还存在未凋零的花根状异质结。
对实施例1中的Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-90红外表征,如图2可以看到,在536和557cm-1处的吸收波长是Bi-O键的伸缩和变形模式,在708,792和837cm-1处的吸收波长是Mo-O键的伸缩模式,在3320cm-1附近是O-H振动,1640cm-1附近是自由水特征峰。
对比例1
分别将15mL水和25mL乙二醇在18℃水浴中搅拌20min后,向溶液中加入1.6866gBi(NO3)3·5H2O搅拌至全部溶解,再加入0.4210g Na2MoO4·2H2O,搅拌反应20min,加入PVP-K30(其Bi(NO3)3·5H2O与PVP-K30的摩尔比为35:20),搅拌20min后,调节溶液pH为9.0,然后将所得的液体转移到50ml含聚四氟乙烯内胆的高压反应釜中,在160℃下反应3h。自然冷却至室温,离心,分别水洗,乙醇洗3次,在烘箱中70℃干燥24h,最终得到Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6零隙异质结光催化剂,记为Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-20。
分别对对比例1中Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-20和实施例1中的Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-80进行XRD测试,实验结果如图3,表明二者均完整保留Bi2MoO6和Bi2O3的晶型结构,但是对比实施例1中的Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-80,可以看到,Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-80中Bi2O3的结晶度明显变高,晶型变好,这与SEM的结果变化一致。
图4是实施例1和对比例1中制得的Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6零隙异质结光催化剂的可见光催化降解10mg/L罗丹明B的降解曲线图。从图4中,明显可以看到在可见光照射下,实施例1的光催化效果优于对比例1。
实施例2
分别将15mL水和25mL乙二醇在18℃水浴中搅拌20min后,向溶液中加入1.6866gBi(NO3)3·5H2O搅拌至全部溶解,再加入0.4210g Na2MoO4·2H2O,搅拌反应80min,加入PVP-K30(其Bi(NO3)3·5H2O与PVP-K30的摩尔比为35:20),搅拌20min后,调节溶液pH为8.5,9.0,9.5,然后将所得的液体转移到含聚四氟乙烯内胆的高压反应釜中,在160℃下反应3h。自然冷却至室温,离心,分别水洗,乙醇洗3次,在烘箱中70℃干燥24h,最终得到Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6零隙异质结光催化剂,记为Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-8.5,Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-9.0,Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-9.5。
分别对实施例2制得的Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6以10mg/L罗丹明B为目的降解物进行光催化活性测试,其测试结果如图5所示。
对比例2
分别将15mL水和25mL乙二醇在18℃水浴中搅拌20min后,向溶液中加入1.6866gBi(NO3)3·5H2O搅拌至全部溶解,再加入0.4210g Na2MoO4·2H2O,搅拌反应80min,加入PVP-K30(其Bi(NO3)3·5H2O与PVP-K30的摩尔比为35:20),搅拌20min后,调节溶液pH为8.0,10.0,10.5,然后将所得的液体转移到含聚四氟乙烯内胆的高压反应釜中,在160℃下反应3h。自然冷却至室温,离心,分别水洗,乙醇洗3次,在烘箱中70℃干燥24h,最终得到Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6零隙异质结光催化剂,记为Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-8.0,Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-10.0,Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-10.5。
对比实施例2,对对比例2制得的Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6以10mg/L罗丹明B为目的降解物进行光催化活性测试,其测试结果如图5所示。很明显,对比例2的Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6的光催化活性远远低于实施例2的Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6的光催化活性。
对比例3
分别将15mL水和25mL乙二醇在18℃水浴中搅拌20min后,向溶液中加入1.6866gBi(NO3)3·5H2O搅拌至全部溶解,再加入0.4210g Na2MoO4·2H2O,搅拌反应80min,加入PVP-K30(其Bi(NO3)3·5H2O与PVP-K30的摩尔比分别为35:12,35:33),搅拌20min后,调节溶液pH为9.0,然后将所得的液体转移到50ml含聚四氟乙烯内胆的高压反应釜中,在160℃下反应3h。自然冷却至室温,离心,分别水洗,乙醇洗3次,在烘箱中70℃干燥24h,最终得到Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6零隙异质结光催化剂,记为Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-12,Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-33。
对比实施例1中的Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6-80,仅改变加入PVP-K30的量,以10mg/L罗丹明B为目的降解物对其光催化活性检测,从图6中可以明显看到,只有Bi(NO3)3·5H2O与PVP-K30的摩尔比分别为35:20时,光催化效果最佳。
Claims (4)
1.氧化铋/钼酸铋复合零隙异质结光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
步骤1,在Bi(NO3)3的乙二醇溶液中加入Na2MoO4·2H2O,反应40~90min,得到Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6前驱体溶液;
步骤2,在Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6前驱体溶液中,加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮-K30,搅拌混合均匀,调节pH为8.5~9.5,在155~165℃下,溶剂热反应3~5h,自然冷却到室温,离心,反复水洗及醇洗,干燥,得到Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6零隙异质结光催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,所述的反应时间80min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,所述的pH为9.0。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,所述的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮-K30的摩尔比为35:20。
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